神经系统(英文版)课件

╳ the medial lemniscus内侧丘系
↓ thalamus (third neuron)
↓ internal capsule
↓ postcentral gyrus of parietal labe
四 感觉传导通路特点
①三级神经元three-neuron ②交叉cross: contralateral side of the body ③皮节dermatome sensation is distributed segmentally to the body (T4 T10 T12) ④重叠overlap 2- 3between adjacent dermatame
周围神经peripheral nevers ①周围神经型：单一或多个神经感觉障碍
isolated disorder or mononeuropating isolated distribution
②末梢型：手套或袜套样感觉障碍 widespread peripheral disorders a stocking and glove distribution
Neurology
感觉障碍
一、Sensation 感觉
浅感觉cutaneomucosal
pain temperature touch
深感觉deep
vibration Joint position
复合感觉cortical stereo gnosis two-point discrimination
二 Sensation of pain and temperature浅感觉传导通路 impuse刺激
脊髓spinal cord
①后角posterior horn
节 段 性 分 离 性 感 觉 障 碍 segement dissociated sensory loss (syringomyelia脊髓 空洞症)

resonance imaging to create detailed images of the brain and spinal cord
MRI scan
Using high frequency sound waves to create images of the brain and other parts of the nervous system
The treatment of Alzheimer's disease mainly includes drug therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy
The cause of Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, but it is generally believed to be related to genetic and environmental factors
Reflexes
The nervous system also responds quickly to hidden changes in the environment, such as a hidden paint or a hot surface, by automatically drawing the affected body part to protect it from harm
The neurotransmitter released by the axon diffuses across the synaptic clear and bins to receivers on the next neuron, initiating a new electrical impulse

Pons ➢ Attached to 5th to 8th cranial n. ➢ Divided into the basilar part and tegmentum
Midbrain ➢ Attached to the 3rd and 4th cranial n. ➢ Divided into the cerebral peduncle and tectum
Brachium of inferior colliculus 下丘臂
Fourth ventricle 第四脑室
Central canal →fourth ventricle →mesencephalic aqueduct→third ventricle
Crus cerebri 大脑脚底 Interpeduncular fossa 脚间窝
Oculomotor nerve emerges on the medial side of crus cerebri Posterior perforated substance 后穿质
★ Dorsal Surface of Midbrain
Superior colliculus 上丘 Constitute the centers for visual reflexes
Inferior colliculus 下丘 Associated with auditory pathway
Brachium of superior colliculus 上丘臂
➢ Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚
➢ Obex 闩
Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa 菱形窝

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★脊髓(jǐ suǐ)圆锥Conus medullaris-the lower pyramid end of spinal cord
★终丝Filum terminale-a delicate filament, about 20 cm in length, prolonged downward from the apex of the conus medullaris to the back of the first segment of the coccyx, continuous above with that of the pia mater.
to Vertebral Numbers
Spinal segments
Vertebral levels (spines)
C1~C4 C5~T4
Lie opposite the corresponding vertebrae
One lower in number than corresponding vertebrae
Brain stem脑干
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Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
脑神经(shénjīng)Cranial nerves (12 pairs) 脊神经(shénjīng)Spinal nerves (31 pairs) 内脏神经(shénjīng)Visceral nerves Visceral sensory nerve Visceral motor nerve Sympathetic part 交感神经(shénjīng) Parasympathetic part 副交感神经
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