浙江省杭州市2019年中考英语一轮复习课时训练 15Units1_2九全课件

浙江省中考英语总复习课后练习：第15课九年级Units1—2讲解篇第一篇中考语言基础知识第15课九年级Units 1—2课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. textbook 教科书2. conversation 对话；交谈3. aloud 出声地；大声地（读）4. sentence 句子5. patient 有耐心的；病人6. secret 秘密7. grammar 语法8. repeat 重复9. note 笔记10. physics 物理学11. chemistry 化学12. increase 增加13. speed 速度；加速14. born 出生15. create 创造（动词）16. attention 注意；关注（名词）17. connect 连接；与……有联系18. review 回顾；复习19. stranger 陌生人20. relative 亲戚21. pound 英镑22. dessert 甜点23. garden 花园24. admire 欣赏；仰慕25. treat 款待；请（客）26. novel 小说27. punish 处罚；惩罚28. warn 警告；告诫29. present 现在；礼物词汇拓展1.pronounce（v.）→pronunciation（n.）发音；读音2. patient（adj. & n.）→patience（n.）耐心；毅力3. express（v.）→expression（n.）表情；表示；表达方式4. discover（v.）→discovery（n.）发现；发觉5. able（adj.）→ability（n.）能力；才能6. create（v.）→creative（adj.）有创造力的；创造性的/doc/2819191819.htmly（v.）→laid（过去式/过去分词）放置；下蛋13.13. lie（v.）→lay（过去式）→lain（过去分词）平躺；处于14. die（v.）→death（n.）死；死亡→dead（adj.）死的；失去生命的→dying（现在分词）死；死去15. business（n.）→businessman（n.）商人16. punish（v.）→punishment（n.）处罚；惩罚7. active（adj.）→actively（adv.）活跃地→activity（n.）活动8.connect（v.）→connection（n.）连接；与……有联系9. wise（adj.）→wisely（adv.）明智地；聪明地10. strange（adj.）→stranger（n.）陌生人11. steal（v.）→stol e（过去式）→stolen（过去分词）偷；窃取18. spread（v.）→spread（过去式/过去分词）传播；展开；蔓延19. memory（n.）→memorize（v.）记忆20. know（v.）→knowledge（n.）知识21. loud（adj.）→aloud（adv.）喧闹地；大声地；响亮地中考词组短语词组1. pay attention to注意2. lay out摆开；布置3. end up最终成为4. by asking the teacher for help通过向老师求助5. read aloud to practice pronunciation大声朗读来练习发音6.improve one’s speaking skills提高某人说的技能7. too hard to understand spoken English太难而不能理解英语口语8. read word by word一个字一个字地读9. be patient with对……有耐心10. an English movie called...一部名叫……的英文电影11. It’s a piece of cake. 小事一桩。

课时训练(二十一) Units13-14(九全)(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读阅读短文,从以下选项(A—F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题。

有一项是多余选项。

Moneymakestheworldgoaround,yetthebestthingsinlifearefree.Apennysavedisapennyearned,butyougetwha tyoupayfor.Youprobablyhaveyourownideasaboutspendingmoney.Nowitisagreattimetolearnhowtosp endmoneywisely.Whenyouareconsideringbuyingsomethingyouwant,runthroughthischecklistfirst.1.Seeinga$25(172yuan)gumballmachine,Peterwantedit.Butafterthinkingaboutit,hedecidedthatitwouldbee xcitingonlyforadayortwo.“Besides,it’snotpossibleformetochewthatmuchgum,” hesaidwisely.2.Ifthethingpassesthe “really-wanting-it”test,trytowaitforsometime(maybesomedaysoraweek)toseehowstrongthedesireis.Perhapsatthattime,youd on’twantitanylonger.Thisstrategyworksforgrown-ups,too!3.Afterthefirsttwosteps,Peterfoundhereallywantedatoyship,butitcost$50.Hehad$22inhispocketandgets$ 1.50aweektospend.Hismotherhelpedhimworkouthowmanyweekshewouldneedtosavetogettheship.4.Peterhadalotofthingstodotohelphisfamily.Hecouldwatertheflowers ,dothedishesorwalkthedog.Finally,hedecidedtowashthedownstairswindowsatadollareach.Hegot$10forh imself,andsparkling(闪亮的)sunlightfortherestofthefamily.5.Afterdecidingtobuyit,itisnecessaryforyoutolookforcheaperwaystobuyit:searchforwhatyouwantontheIn ternetorinshopsandfleamarkets.Sometimesyoucanfindthesamethingatamuchlowerprice.Ifthesesuggestionsworkwell,theycansaveyoualotofmoney.Youwillbeareallysmartshopper.Ⅱ.[2018·泰州]完形填空Lastautumn,my80-year-oldgrandmotherwashavingproblemswithherheart.Myfamilysenthertothe 6 .Afteracarefulexamination,afamousd octortoldmygrandmother, “Youhavesucha7 heartconditionthatyoushouldhaveanoperation.”“Butthecomplications(并发症)canhappen.”Thedoctor8 mygrandmotherandlookedatherworriedface.Thedoctorwentontosaythatshewouldhavea40percentpossibilityofhavingahearttrouble9 theoperation,a35percentpossibilityofbeingunabletostandup,andevena20percentof10 ontheoperatingtablebecauseofheroldage.M y g r a n d m o t h e r w a s t e r r i b l y s u r p r i s e d a n d q u i c k l y s a i d, “Doctor,sinceyou’retalkingaboutthese 11 ,Ihaveoneforyou:thereisa100percentpossibilitythat y o u w o n’t o p e r a t e o n m e!”12 thesewords,mygrandmothergotupand 13 thedoctor’soffice.Thenextday,mygrandmotherwentto14 doctor’soffice.Thereshewasalsotoldsheneededan15.Thedoctoralsosaidthather16 mightcausesomeproblems, 17 hewasquitesureaboutthesuccessoftheoperation.Mygrandmothermightbebrave,butsheisnotsilly.Shethenaskedthedoctor, “IfIamyourmother,whatwillyou 18 ?”Thedoctorwalkeduptoher,smiled,puthisarms 19 her,andsaid, “Mom,let’shavetheoperation!”Mygrandmotherhadtheoperationandcameout20!Herpositiveattitude(乐观的心态)addedmanywonderfulandhappyyearsforhertoenjoylifewithmyfamily.6.A.park B.hotel C.restaurant D.hospital7.A.wonderful B.serious C.difficult D.proper8.A.ad vised B.warned C.promised D.encouraged9.A.during B.before C.till D.against10.A.fighting B.hurting C.returning D.dying11.A.actions B.changes C.possibilitie s D.conditions12.A.At B.With C.For D.By13.A.left B.reached C.passed D.visited14.A.other B.theother C.another D.one15.A.operation B.experience C.offer D.examination16.A.weight B.height C.length D.age17.A.when B.if C.but D.because18.A.imagine B.recommend C.mind D.need19.A.over B.above C.around D.below20.A.fine B.disabled C.dead D.sadⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

第十五课时九年级Unit 1 ~Unit 201考点扫描知识清单化2.词汇过关Ⅰ.根据句意和所给的汉语或首字母提示拼写单词并完成句子。

(2) 有些动词短语中的to与pay attention to一样，也是介词。

参考答案：第十五课时九年级Unit 1～Unit 2重点词汇1.conversation2.aloud3.pronunciation4.sentence5.patient6.expression7.discover8.secret9.repeat10.note11.pronounce12.increase13.speed14.born15.ability16.create17.active18.review19.knowledge20.wiselyy25.admire26.tie27.treat28.lie29.novel30.dead31.punish32.warn33.present34.warmth35.spread重点句型1.How；by；with a group2.What about3.too hard to understand4.discovered；the secret to5.make mistakes in6.whether；a good time to visit7.What fun8.that；the hottest month词汇过关Ⅰ.1.conversation2.aloud3.sentence4.relatives5.ties6.repeat 7.pronunciation8.expression9.notes10.novelsⅡ.11.physical12.working13.patience14.having15.to work16.ability17.dead 18.wisely19.activities20.lyingⅢ.21.end id out23.put on24.take notes25.making mistakes26.practice conversations with27.spread；around28.over and over again29.pay attention to30.connect；with考点透视❶Ⅰ.1—3AACⅡ.4.How does5.by working6.How does；relax❷Ⅰ.1—3CBDⅡ.4.when to go5.to do6.where to❸Ⅰ.1—4CCADⅡ.5.pay attention to6.pay attention to❹Ⅰ.1—5BBBCBⅡ.6.Look，what heavy rain!7.What clever8.How beautiful考点辨析❺Ⅰ.1—3DBCⅡ.4.invention5.discovery❻Ⅰ.1—4AABAⅡid8.lied整合集训Ⅰ.1—5CDADA6—10DAACDⅡ.11—15CBDBD16—20BACBAⅢ.21—25BCBADⅣ.A)26.repeat 27.knowledge28.creating29.conversation30.activeB)31.expressions32.dead33.has put on34.was born with35.will end upⅤ.36.specific37.Reading38.Studying 39.movies40.improveⅥ.One possible version：Dear Tom，I’m very glad to tell you something about Spring Festival.It’s a traditional festival in China.It comes in winter.It’s time to get new.We usually clean and decorate o ur house carefully before it comes.I always help my mother clean the windows and wash the clothes.We put on chunlian on the door and chuanghua on the window.It’s time to get together.Everyone go home to get together with their family，though someone is far away from home.They must have dinner together on that day.They must visit their relatives and friends and say “Happy new year” to them.When the kids greet their grandparents，they can get money.Yours,Li Lei。

课时训练(十) Units1-2(八下)(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.[2019·原创]阅读理解ItfeelslikeeverytimemymotherandIstarttohaveaconversation,itturnsintoanargument.Wetalk aboutsomethingassimpleasdinnerplansandsuddenly,mymotherwillpushtheconversationintoWor ldWarⅢ.Shewilltalkaboutmylack(缺乏)ofabrightfuturebecauseIdon’tplantobeadoctor.Andmuchto herdisappointment,Idon’twanttodoanyjobrelatedtoscience,either.Infact,whenIwaspushedt osaythatIplannedtomajor(主修)inEnglishandcommunications,shenearlyhadaheartattack.“Whycan’tyoubelikemyco-worker’sson?”shebemoansallthetime.Herco-worker’ssonreceivedafour-yearscholarshipandisnowearning70 ,000dollarsayearasanengineer.Idon’tknowwhattoanswerexceptthatIsimplycan’tbelikeMr.P erfectasI’vecalledtheunnamedco-worker’sson.Ican’tbelikehim.I’mthetypeofpersonwhol ovestohelpoutinthecommunity,writeuntilthesungoesdown,andmostofall,wantstoachieveacare erbecauseIloveit,notbecauseoffame(名声)orsalary.Iunderstandwhymymotherisworriedaboutmyfuturemajor.I’veseenmymot herstruggletoraisemeonhersmallsalaryandworklonghours.Sheleavesthehousearound6:30a.m.andusuallycomeshomearound5:00p.m.oreven6:00p.m.However,Iwanth ertoknowthatbybecomingadoctor,itdoesn’tmeanI’llbesuccessful.I’dratherfollowmydream sandcreatemyownfuture.1.Whichofthefollowingdothewriterandhismotheroftentalkabout?A.Thewriter’sstudies.B.Thewriter’sfuturejob.C.Dinnerplans.D.Warsaroundtheworld.2.WecaninferfromParagraph1thatthewriter .A.wantstodojobsaboutscienceB.wantstobeadoctorC.isinterestedinEnglishD.mayhaveabrightfuture3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisprobablyTRUEaboutthewriter?A.Hewantstobelikehismother’sco-worker’sson.B.Hewantstofindajobinhiscommunityinthefuture.C.Hedoesn’tthinkhismother’sco-worker’ssonisperfect.D.Hewantstodosomethinghereallylikesinthefuture.Ⅱ.[2018·随州]完形填空Oncetherewasaveryhelpfulandkind-heartedman.Hewouldhelpanyone 4 expectinganythinginreturn.Onedaywhilewalkingalongadustyroad,themansawawallet,sohe 5 thewallet.Butthenhefounditwas 6 .Suddenlyawomanandapolicemanturnedupandcaughthim.Thewomankeptonaskingwhereher 7 was,butthemananswered, “Itwasempty 8 Ifoundit.”Thewomanshoutedathim, “Pleasegiveitbacktome,andit’smyson’stuition(学费)”Themansawthatthewomanreallyfelt9 sohehandedoverallhismoney.Hecouldseethatthewomanwasasinglemother.Thewomanleftandthepo licemanaskedthemanmore 10 .Onedaywhilethewomanwasgoingtoherson’sschool,shenoticedthat11 waswalkingbehindher.Shethoughtthathe12rob(抢劫)her,soshewalkedtoapoliceman.Hewasthesamepolicemanthatshehadtakenalongtoclaimhermon ey.Thewomantoldhimaboutthemanfollowingher.Theyrantohim,andsawthathewasthesamemanthatt heyhadcaught 13 daysago.Helookedveryweakandthewomanwas14.Thepolicemansaidtothewoman, “Hewasn’tthethiefthatday,buthavingheardaboutyoursituationhe 15 youhismoney.”Thenthemantoldthewoman, “Pleasegoaheadand16yourson’stuition.Isawyouandfollowedyoutomakesurethatnoonewouldstealyourmoneyagain.”Thewomanwastoomovedtosay 17 .Lifemaygiveyouastrangeexperience:sometimesitshocksyou18 sometimesitmayalsosurpriseyou.Bekindandgenerous.Learntoappreciatewhatyouaregiven.4.A.by B.without C.for D.with5.A.threwaway B.putdown C.lookedfor D.pickedup6.A.empty B.dirty C.heavy D.cheap7.A.bag B.son C.money D.home8.A.before B.when C.until D.unless9.A.poor B.serious C.dangerous D.sad10.A.questions B.advice C.reasons D.examples11.A.everyone B.anyone C.someone D.noone12.A.should B.can’t C.mustn’t D.might13.A.little B.afew C.alittle D.few14.A.happy B.excited C.surprised D.successful15.A.set B.gave C.kept D.filled16.A.pay B.borrow C.spend D.take17.A.anything B.everything C.something D.nothing18.A.but B.so C.and D.orⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给单词的正确形式。

中考英语高分复习第一篇教材梳理:课时训练(十五)Units1—2(九全)(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.单项选择1.—Couldyoutellmewhotaughtyoutocookthebeef?It’ssodelicious.—Tobehonest,Ilearntit watchingTV.IlearntocooklotsofdishesonTV.A.byB.onC.at2.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,nowBigDatacanhelpusto alotofinformationonit.A.lookupB.lookafterC.lookaround3.Asteachers,weshouldn’thurrythechildren.Weshouldbe withthem.A.activeB.patientC.famous4.Ihopeyoucanpaymore toyourpronunciationsothatyoucanspeakEnglishbetter.A.advantagesB.attentionC.connection5.Sorry,Mr.Liu,Ididn’tunderstandwhatyousaidjustnow.Couldyouplease it?A.chooseB.changeC.repeat6.Mydeskmateisreally .Shelikestoattenddifferentactivitiesafterschool.A.activeB.quietzy7.Wehadafootballmatchyesterday.Ourfanscheereduson andwefeltmoreconfident.A.slowlyB.loudlyC.nearly8.Theharderyoustudy,the chancesyou willhave.A.manyB.moreC.few9.—Peoplechoosehigh-speedtrainsorself-drivingtotravelonholiday. —fastthetraditionaltravelwayschange!A.WhataB.HowC.What10.—Whatdidyourunclesaytoyoujustnow?—Heaskedme .A.howcouldIworkitoutB.whendidIgotothelibraryC.ifIhadgotreadyfortheexamⅡ.[2018·重庆A]补全对话根据对话内容,从方框内所给的选项中选出最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余项。

课时训练(一) StarterUnit1-Unit4(七上)(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.[2019·原创]阅读理解Nauru—21km2Nauruislocated(位于)intheeastofAustralia.Itisthesmallestislandcountryintheworld.Itisalsoacountrywiththemostoverweight(超重的)peopleinthe world,with97%ofmenand93%ofwomenbeingoverweight.Tuvalu—26km2TuvaluislocatedinthePacificOcean,westofAustralia.Thereareabout10,000people,with8kmofroads,andonlyoneho spitalonthemainisland.Sinceit’sadifficultplacetogetto,in2016,onlyabout2,000visitorscametoTuvalu.Vatican—0.44km2Theworld’ssmalles tcountryisVatican,alsoknownastheHolySee.ThiscountryfitswithintheItaliancapitalcity—Rome.Itisalsohometothebiggestchurch(教堂)intheworld—St.Peter’sBasilica,andholdssomeofthemostimportantartworks.Monaco—2km2MonacoislocatedontheFrenchRiviera.Itishometothelargestnumberofrichpeopleintheworld.Withapopulationofover36,000,Monacoisthe world’smostdensely(密集地)populatedcountry.PeopletherearemostlyFrench-speaking.ThemostpopulareventistheFormularaceanditisheld everyyear.1.Accordingtothetext,weca nlearn .A.mostpeopleinNauruareoverweightB.TuvaluislocatedintheeastofAustraliaC.Vaticanhastheoldest churchD.thereare2,000peopleinTuvalu2.WhichofthefollowingaboutMonacoisTRUE?A.Ithasthelargestpopulation.B.PeoplethereonlyspeakFrench.C.Itmakesthefastestcars.D.Ithasthemostrichpeopleintheworld.3.Wemayreadthetextinthepartof inamagazine.A.geographyB.healthC.sportsD.businessⅡ.[2018·淮安]完形填空Onecoldwintermorning,Jimfellofffromhisfather’sbikeandhislegscouldn’tmove.Adoctor 4 himandsaidhehadtostayinbedforsometime.Jimwassad 5 thedoctor’swordsbecauseChristmaswascoming.Hewantedtolookattheshopwindows 6 Christmasgiftsandseethemlitup(被照亮)atnight.Jim’syoungersister,Mary,wantedto7 herbrother.Everyday,shewenttotheshopnearbyafterschooltolookatthewindows8 .Whenshegothome,shewouldtellJimwhattherewereinthewindows.TherewereChristmastreesinallwindows.AbigkindFatherChristmaswasstandinginoneofthewindo ws,9alongwhitebeard(胡须).Inhispocketswereallkindsoftoys.How10 heseemedtobeinhisbigredcoatandfurcap!EverytimeMarydescribedthewindows,Jimwould11 hiseyes,imagininghimselftobelookingatthetoysinsidetheshop.12 therewasonethingMarydidn’tmentiontoJim.Itwasalovelywoodenhorse.ShewantedtogiveittoJi masaChristmas 13 .ThedaybeforeChristmasEve,Mary14 herpocketmoneyandfoundthatwasnotenough.SosheaskedDad15 hecouldofferherajobtomakesomemoney.Byhelpingherparentscleananddecoratethehouse.Marynowgotenoughmoneyandboughtthewoodenho rse.OnChristmasmorning,Jimwokeupandsawawoodenhorsebyhisbed.Whatabig 16 !Howhappyhewas!MarywasashappyasJimbecauseshemadeJimhappy.Actually,the17 peoplethisChristmasweretheirparentsbecausetheirdaughterhadlearntto18 .4.A.saw B.asked C.heard D.checked5.A.in B.on C.at D.to6.A.fitfor B.fullof C.tiedto D.connectedwith7.A.help B.save C.treat D.cure8.A.sadly B.proudly C.carefully D.carelesslying B.showing C.selling D.wearing10.A.warm B.cold C.patient D.touch11.A.open B.close C.wash D.touch12.A.And B.But C.Or D.So13.A.tree B.card C.song D.gift14.A.lent B.hid C.counted D.borrowed15.A.if B.that C.what D.why16.A.hope B.reward C.surprise D.challenge17.A.busiest B.richest C.kindest D.happiest18.A.get B.give C.obey D.receiveⅢ.[2019·原创]语法填空阅读下面的材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

课时训练(二十) Units11-12(九全)(限时:30分钟)Ⅰ.[2018·宁波]阅读理解Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachinetothinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakeacomput er “smart”.JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwiththename “artificialintelligence”in1955.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaswedo.AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprogramsthatcanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically(逻辑地).AtpresentweusethetermAIforsucce ssfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizing(识别)humanfaces,operatingself-drivingcarsandcompetinginsomegamesystemslikeChessandAlphaGo(阿尔法狗).SomepeoplealsoconsiderAIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.ProfessorStephenHawking(霍金),awell-knownBritishscientist,wasnotforthiskindoftechnology.MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifweraisethestandardinthelearningofmath,ourstudentswillbemorelikelytobecome successfulAIdesignersinthefuture.Wenotonlywantbrightstudents,butalsoneedtoattractaveragestudentsandgiv ethemthemathskillswhichareneededtochangethemintoAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisa lsonecessaryforAIdesigning.ScientistshopetocreatecreativeandemotionalAIwhichcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manyway sandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthisfascinatingfield.1.FromParagraph1,weknowthat .A.allproblemscanbesolvedbyAIB.machineswithAIcanthinkandlearnC.AIhasbeenaroundforonly60yearsD.AIworksinthesamewayashumans2.Theunderlinedword “i t” inParagraph2refersto(指的是) .A.ChessB.AlphaGoC.thedangerD.AI3.Accordingtothewriterandthefollowingschoolreport,whichstudentwillmostprobablybecomeasuccessfulAIdesig ner?SchoolReport95A.Mike.B.Peter.C.Amy.D.Cathy.4.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientists’aboutAI.A.wishesB.worriesC.feelingsD.discoveriesⅡ.完形填空Mymotherusedtoaskme, “Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody?”WhenIwasyoung,Ithought 5 wasveryimportanttous,soIsaid, “Myears,Mommy.”Shesaid, “No.Manypeoplearedeafbutstilllivea 6 life.KeepthinkingandIwillaskyouagain.”Severalyears7beforesheaskedmeagain.ThistimeItoldher, “Mommy,sightisveryimportanttoeverybody,soit8beoureyes.”Shelooked9meandtoldme, “Youarelearningfast,buttheanswerisnotcorrect.Manypeopleareblind,10theystilllivehappily.”Overtheyears,sheaskedmemanytimesandalways11answerwas, “No.Butyouaregetting12 everyyear,mychild.”Thenlastyear,mygrandpa13.Everybodywascrying.Whenitwasour14 tosayourfinalgoodbyetohim,mymotheraskedme, “Doyouknowthemostimportantbodypartyet,mydear?” Iwas 15 whensheaskedmethis.Ialwaysthoughtthiswasagam e16herandme.Isawhereyeswithtears.Shesaid, “Mydear,themostimportantbodypartisyourshoulder.” Iasked, “Isitbecauseitholdsupmy 17 ?” Shereplied, “No.Itisbecauseitcanholdtheheadofafriendorarelativewhenheorshe 18.Everybodyneedsashouldertocryonsometimeinlife,mydear.Ionlyhopethatyouhaveenoughloveandfriends,soyo uwill 19 haveashouldertocryonwhenyouneedit.” ThatwaswhenIrealizedwhat themostimportantbodypartis.5.A.report B.sound C.noise D.music6.A.happy B.hard C.unhappy D.sad7.A.came B.left C.passed D.walked8.A.can B.may C.must D.would9.A.up B.at C.for D.around10.A.but B.or C.and D.also11.A.mine B.my C.its D.her12.A.old B.older C.clever D.cleverer13.A.cried B.lost C.died D.dying14.A.turn B.way C.duty D.task15.A.surprising B.surprised C.exciting D.excited16.A.between B.among C.above D.from17.A.hand B.head C.foot D.armughs B.smiles C.shouts D.cries19.A.never B.hardly C.always D.sometimesⅢ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给单词的正确形式。