Effects of FTA Provisions on the Market Structure of the Korean Automobile Industry

问题1Which of the following must be proved to win a case of fraudulent trading under the Insolvency Act 1986?所选答案：The fraud was intended正确答案：The fraud was intended问题2Which of the following parties has their interest paid last out of a liquidated company's assets?所选答案：Members正确答案：Members问题3At which point before its payment does a dividend become a debt of the company?所选答案：When it is declared by the company in general meeting正确答案：When it is declared by the company in general meeting问题4Which of the following types of director is expressly appointed as such?所选答案：De jure正确答案：De jure问题5Subsequent fixed charges will rank behind the floating charge if a clause of ( ) has been registered.所选答案：negative pledge clause正确答案：negative pledge clause问题6Which of the following criteria must a private company meet before it can trade?所选答案：It must have obtained a certificate of incorporation from the Registrar of Companies正确答案：It must have obtained a certificate of incorporation from the Registrar of Companies问题7Which is the disadvantage by incorporating the business into a private limited company?所选答案：Cannot offer its shares to the public正确答案：Cannot offer its shares to the public问题8Which of the following is an effect of a company's separate legal personality?所选答案：The company is liable for its own debts and the member's liability is limited to its capital contribution.正确答案：The company is liable for its own debts and the member's liability is limited to its capital contribution.问题9Which of the following parties appoints the company secretary?所选答案：The directors正确答案：The directors问题10得0 分，满分1 分Which of the following is a characteristic of a non-executive director?所选答案：They are individuals whose instructions concerning running the company are followed正确答案：They are not involved in the day-to-day running of the company问题11Which of the following is correct concerning the market value of a company's shares?所选答案："Market value may be equal, greater or lower than nominal value"正确答案："Market value may be equal, greater or lower than nominal value"问题12Which of the following is required to permit a public company to reduce its share capital?所选答案：A special resolution and court approval正确答案：A special resolution and court approval问题13Which of the following parties may apply to the court for the compulsory winding-up of a company?所选答案：A creditor who is owed more than £750 and who sent the company a written demand for it over three weeks ago and has not had a reply正确答案：A creditor who is owed more than £750 and who sent the company a written demand for it over three weeks ago and has not had a reply问题14Distributable profits are defined as所选答案：Accumulated realised profits less accumulated realised losses.正确答案：Accumulated realised profits less accumulated realised losses.问题15Which of the following contracts does a company secretary have the power to bind their company in?所选答案：Car hire for transporting customers to meetings with the directors正确答案：Car hire for transporting customers to meetings with the directors问题16Which of the following statements regarding the differences between loan capital and sharecapital is correct?所选答案："Unlike loan capital, share capital does not have to be repaid within fix period"正确答案："Unlike loan capital, share capital does not have to be repaid within fix period"问题17How many days' notice is required for a meeting where a resolution requires special notice?所选答案：28正确答案：28问题18得0 分，满分1 分Which of the following auditors are deemed automatically reappointed each year unless specific circumstances dictate otherwise?所选答案：Auditors of quoted companies正确答案：Auditors of private limited companies问题19Which of the following may NOT be achieved by written resolution?所选答案：Removal of an auditor or a director正确答案：Removal of an auditor or a director问题20"In a company limited by shares, what is the limit of a member's liability?"所选答案："The amount of share capital they have purchased, including any amounts outstanding on the shares that they own"正确答案："The amount of share capital they have purchased, including any amounts outstanding on the shares that they own"问题21A company’s articles of association may be altered by the company by passing ( ) to that effect in general meeting.所选答案：Special resolution正确答案：Special resolution问题22Which of the following is the name given to companies that are created by directors of insolvent companies in order to continue their business illegally?所选答案：Phoenix companies正确答案：Phoenix companies问题23What is the name given to dividends that are paid part of the way through a company's financial year?所选答案：Interim dividends正确答案：Interim dividends问题24How many days after creation must a charge be registered in order for it to be valid and enforceable?所选答案：21正确答案：21问题25Which of the following statements concerning wrongful trading is correct?所选答案：A case of wrongful trading is brought by a company's liquidator正确答案：A case of wrongful trading is brought by a company's liquidator问题26A company may have restricted objects and therefore it may not be permitted to enter into certain contracts.Which of the following statements describes the position of third parties whose contract with a company is outside the scope of its objects?所选答案：The contract will be binding on the company and the third party正确答案：The contract will be binding on the company and the third party问题27Which of the following is the title of the liquidator involved in a compulsory liquidation?所选答案：Official receiver正确答案：Official receiver问题28Which of the following is true concerning issuing shares?所选答案："Where a shareholder did not pay the full nominal value of their share on issue, the debt transfers to the new shareholder if the share is sold"正确答案："Where a shareholder did not pay the full nominal value of their share on issue, the debt transfers to the new shareholder if the share is sold"问题29Which of the following is an undistributable reserve for the payment of a dividend?所选答案：Capital redemption reserve正确答案：Capital redemption reserve问题30A promoter sent the documents needed to register a company to the Registrar of Companies on 1/1/X1. The Registrar received the documents on 4/1/X1. The certificate of incorporation is dated 6/1/X1 and it is received by the promoter on 8/1/X1.所选答案：6/1/X1正确答案：6/1/X1问题31Which of the following describes the correct way that directors should use their powers?所选答案：For a proper purpose that is honestly believed to be in the best interests of the company正确答案：For a proper purpose that is honestly believed to be in the best interests of the company问题32How many directors are required to retire at the first annual general meeting of a public company?所选答案：All of the directors正确答案：All of the directors问题33Which of the following resolutions is required to remove a director from office?所选答案：Ordinary resolution with special notice正确答案：Ordinary resolution with special notice问题34Which of the following statements regarding members wishing to amend a company's articles of association is correct?所选答案：The change must be bona fide for the benefit of the company as a whole正确答案：The change must be bona fide for the benefit of the company as a whole问题35The powers of a company's directors are defined in which company document?所选答案：Articles of Association正确答案：Articles of Association问题36Which of the following statements in relation to the offence of bribery is correct?所选答案：It is an offence for a corporation to fail to prevent bribery正确答案：It is an offence for a corporation to fail to prevent bribery问题37Which of the following is the statutory duty of an auditor?所选答案：To report to the members that the accounts give a true and fair view and have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act正确答案：To report to the members that the accounts give a true and fair view and have been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act问题38What is not a company’s loan capital?所选答案：Allotment of shares at a premium正确答案：Allotment of shares at a premium问题39Which of the following determines whether a voluntary winding-up is a members' or creditors' voluntary winding-up?所选答案：The solvency of the company正确答案：The solvency of the company问题40Which of the following must an auditor of a company provide if they are removed from office at a general meeting?所选答案：A statement to members and creditors of whether there are circumstances that the auditor believes should be brought to their attention正确答案：A statement to members and creditors of whether there are circumstances that the auditor believes should be brought to their attention问题41As soon as a public company obtains a certificate of incorporation, they can commence trading.所选答案：错正确答案：错问题42得0 分，满分2 分In a limited liability partnership, there are two types of partners: general partners and limited partners.所选答案：对正确答案：错问题43Fraudulent trading is not only a civil offence but also a criminal offence. It is the ground for a disqualification order against the directors in default.所选答案：对正确答案：对问题44Debenture is a written acknowledgment of a debt. Secured debentures take the priority in payment over unsecured debentures.所选答案：对正确答案：对问题45得0 分，满分2 分Dividend is tax-deductible.所选答案：对正确答案：错问题46得0 分，满分2 分Case law is a kind of judge made law and it consists of the decisions of all courts.所选答案：对正确答案：错问题47The aim of damages remedy is to place the innocent party (or claimant) in the same position as if the contract had been performed.所选答案：对正确答案：对问题48According to the principle of measure of damages, one can only claim for actual loss suffered and the claimant need not take steps to mitigate loss.所选答案：错正确答案：错问题49Dividends can only be paid out of company profits or other distributable reserves.所选答案：对正确答案：对问题50“Damages”is the most common remedy for breach of contract in common law.所选答案：对正确答案：对问题51"In an administration, if a moratorium over the company's debts commences. The following conducts are forbiddened, without the permission from the court:"所选答案：Commencement/continuation of any legal process against the company.Security over company property to be enfored;Goods held under hire purchase to be enforeced;A landlord to conduct forfeiture by peaceable entry;正确答案：Commencement/continuation of any legal process against the company.Security over company property to be enfored;Goods held under hire purchase to be enforeced;A landlord to conduct forfeiture by peaceable entry;问题52Which TWO of the following terms are associated with criminal law?所选答案：PunishmentPublic law正确答案：PunishmentPublic law问题53Which TWO of the following are criminal offences that directors of a company may commit as a consequence of their company being insolvent?所选答案：Making a false declaration of solvencyFraudulent trading正确答案：Making a false declaration of solvencyFraudulent trading问题54Which of the following are included in the content of a company's model articles of association?所选答案：Payment of dividendsAppointment of directors正确答案：Payment of dividendsAppointment of directors问题55In which of the following circumstances may the veil of incorporation be lifted?所选答案：To allow directors of insolvent companies to be found liable for the debts of the companyTo treat a group company as a single economic entity正确答案：To allow directors of insolvent companies to be found liable for the debts of the companyTo treat a group company as a single economic entity问题56Which TWO of the following are valid uses of a share premium account?所选答案：To issue fully paid shares under a bonus issueTo pay issue costs and expenses in respect of a new share issue正确答案：To issue fully paid shares under a bonus issueTo pay issue costs and expenses in respect of a new share issue问题57Which of the following are advantages of using a debenture trust deed?所选答案：The deed creates a charge or charges over the company's assets which creates securityA single trustee of the debentureholders is appointed so the company only has to deal with one person正确答案：The deed creates a charge or charges over the company's assets which creates securityA single trustee of the debentureholders is appointed so the company only has to deal with one person问题58Payment for shares in public companies must satisfy the following requirements:所选答案：Shares issued by a public company may be paid up in cash or non-cash form."Shares in a public company may NOT be paid for by an ""undertaking to do work or to perform services"" in the future."A public company may not allot shares unless at least 25% of their nominal value and the whole of any premium is paid up.Payment for shares by non-cash consideration must be independently valued.正确答案：Shares issued by a public company may be paid up in cash or non-cash form."Shares in a public company may NOT be paid for by an ""undertaking to do work or to perform services"" in the future."A public company may not allot shares unless at least 25% of their nominal value and the whole of any premium is paid up.Payment for shares by non-cash consideration must be independently valued.问题59得0 分，满分2 分"The auditors are given certain legal rights to enable them to carry out their duties, such as:"所选答案：A right to attend general meetings of the companyA right of access to the books and records of the companyA right to require such information and explanations from the company’s officers正确答案：A right to receive notice of any written resolution proposed.A right to attend general meetings of the companyA right of access to the books and records of the companyA right to require such information and explanations from the company’s officers问题60得0 分，满分2 分"About floating charge, which of the following statements are correct?"所选答案：This relates to a specific asset as soon as created.This charge is secured on the company's assets generally. The assets may be traded freely.The charge attaches to specific assets when crystallises.正确答案：This charge is secured on the company's assets generally. The assets may be traded freely.The charge attaches to specific assets when crystallises.问题61"There are some specific effects of compulsory liquidation, such as:"所选答案：Any legal proceedings in progress against the company are halted.Any transfer of the company’s is void unless approved by the court.The employees of the company are automatically dismissed.Floating charges crystallize正确答案：Any legal proceedings in progress against the company are halted.Any transfer of the company’s is void unless approved by the court.The employees of the company are automatically dismissed.Floating charges crystallize问题62A company’s articles of association deal mainly with matters including:所选答案：DividendsThe company’s aims and purposeThe convening and conduct of general meetingsThe issue and transfer of shares and class rights正确答案：DividendsThe company’s aims and purposeThe convening and conduct of general meetingsThe issue and transfer of shares and class rights问题63Grounds for Disqualification of a director are:所选答案："who is convicted of an indictable criminal offence in connection with the promotion, formation management or liquidation of a company or with the receivership or management of company property."who has persistently defaulted in file documents or notify the Registrar of Companies as required by CA2006.the person used to be a director of a bankrupt company and his conduct/general capability makes him unfit to be a director in a new company.who is guilty of an offence of fraudulent trading or wrongful trading.正确答案："who is convicted of an indictable criminal offence in connection with the promotion, formation management or liquidation of a company or with the receivership or management of company property."who has persistently defaulted in file documents or notify the Registrar of Companies as required by CA2006.the person used to be a director of a bankrupt company and his conduct/general capability makes him unfit to be a director in a new company.who is guilty of an offence of fraudulent trading or wrongful trading.问题64Undistributable reserves are:所选答案：revaluation reserve;capital redemption reserve;share premium account;any other controlled reserve (this could be defined in the memorandum or articles or come from statute).正确答案：revaluation reserve;capital redemption reserve;share premium account;any other controlled reserve (this could be defined in the memorandum or articles or come from statute).问题65Which of the following are offences related to money laundering?所选答案：launderingFailure to reportTipping off正确答案：launderingFailure to reportTipping off问题66The key points for the definition of shares are:所选答案：It is a form of bargain between such principles as majority control and minority protection.The shares must be paid for.(liability)"It gives a proportionate entitlement to dividends, votes and return of capital.(interest)"正确答案：It is a form of bargain between such principles as majority control and minority protection.The shares must be paid for.(liability)"It gives a proportionate entitlement to dividends, votes and return of capital.(interest)"问题67"LT is an accountant who works for Tapa Ltd, a company owned by SP. LT has devised a scheme where Tapa Ltd can illegally disguise certain revenues so that the company's tax charge is reduced. Any tax that the scheme saves is paid to SP as a dividend.Which offences has LT committed?"所选答案：Tipping offFailure to reportLaundering正确答案：Tipping offFailure to reportLaundering问题68The money laundaring process usually involves the following phases:所选答案：IntegrationLayeringPlacement正确答案：IntegrationLayeringPlacement问题69Which of the following will end an administration period?所选答案：After 12 months have elapsed since the administration commenced The success of the administration正确答案：After 12 months have elapsed since the administration commenced The success of the administration问题70Which of the following are true regarding public companies?所选答案：A public company's issued share capital must more than 50000 pounds A public company must have a minimum of two directors正确答案：A public company's issued share capital must more than 50000 pounds A public company must have a minimum of two directors。

proof of sufficient financial provisionsProof of Sufficient Financial ProvisionsIn today's globalized and interconnected world, the importance of proving sufficient financial provisions cannot be overstated. Whether it is a visa application, college enrollment, or even an employment opportunity, individuals are often required to provide evidence of their financial stability. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on how to present a compelling proof of sufficient financial provisions, ensuring a smooth and successful outcome.Step 1: Understand the RequirementsThe first step in presenting a robust proof of sufficient financial provisions is to thoroughly understand the requirements of the institution or organization requesting the documentation. Each entity may have its specific guidelines and expectations, which must be met to ensure compliance. Review any provided documentation or consult with the respective authority to gain a clear understanding of the necessary information and supporting documents.Step 2: Gather Relevant Financial StatementsOnce familiar with the requirements, it is essential to gather all relevant financial statements and paperwork. Thesemay include bank statements, tax returns, salary slips, investment statements, property deeds or rental agreements, declarations of assets, and any other relevant financial documents. Collecting a comprehensive range of financial statements will help demonstrate consistent financial stability and abundance.Step 3: Analyze Cash Flow and AssetsAfter gathering the necessary financial statements, it is crucial to analyze and understand the individual's overall cash flow and assets. This step involves evaluating income sources, regular expenses, debts, and liabilities. A detailed analysis will allow individuals to present a comprehensive picture of their financial situation, demonstrating not only stable income but also prudent financial management.Step 4: Demonstrate Available FundsOne of the key elements in proving sufficient financial provisions is to showcase available funds that can cover expenses under consideration. Whether it is tuition fees, living costs, or investments, it is vital to demonstrate that there are ample funds readily available. This can be shown through bank statements with a consistent balance, investment portfolios, or any other evidence of financial reserves such as fixed depositsor savings. It is essential to ensure that these funds meet or exceed the required financial thresholds.Step 5: Show Steady Income and EmploymentIn addition to available funds, demonstrating a steady income and employment is critical in proving financial stability. This can be accomplished through payslips or employment contracts, highlighting a consistent income stream. Forself-employed individuals, providing documentation of business ownership, income statements, and client contracts can demonstrate a predictable source of income. Stable employment or business income not only reassures the requesting party but also showcases the ability to continue supporting oneself financially in the long run.Step 6: Consider Additional Financial SupportIn some cases, individuals may not possess sufficient personal financial resources to meet the requirements. In such situations, it is essential to consider additional financial support from family members, sponsors, or scholarships that may be available. Including letters of support or sponsorship agreements from the respective individuals or organizations can strengthen the proof of sufficient financial provisions.Step 7: Seek Professional Assistance, if NecessaryWhile the aforementioned steps provide a comprehensive approach to proving sufficient financial provisions, it is worth noting that complex cases or unfamiliar requirements may benefit from professional assistance. Financial advisors or immigration lawyers can offer expertise and guidance throughout the process, ensuring compliance and increasing the chances of a favorable outcome.In conclusion, presenting a robust proof of sufficient financial provisions requires thorough preparation and an organized approach. By understanding the requirements, gathering relevant financial statements, analyzing cash flow and assets, demonstrating available funds, showcasing steady income and employment, considering additional financial support, and seeking professional assistance when necessary, individuals can effectively prove their financial stability and enhance their chances of success in various applications and opportunities. Remember, a well-prepared proof of sufficient financial provisions not only instills confidence in the requesting party but also reflects an individual's soundfinancial standing.。

Q N W 4000I N S T R U C T I O N M A N U A LThe exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to thepresence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated "dangerousvoltage" within the product's enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.CAUTION.Do not use any power supply other than specified.WARNINGTO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.*The CAUTION label is attached on the1.Read these instructions.2.Keep these instructions.3.Heed all warnings.4.Follow all instructions.5.Do not use this apparatus near water.6.Clean only with dry cloth.7.Do not block any ventilation openings, install in accordance with the manufacture'sinstructions.8.Do not install near heat sources such a radiators, heat registers, stoves or otherapparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.9.Only use attachment/accessories specified by the manufacturer.10.Unplug this apparatus during lighting storms or when unused for long periods oftime.11.Refer all servicing to qualified personnel. Servicing is required when the apparatushas been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have been fallen onto the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has beendropped.Caution:-Do not install this camera at sea, at coast or in coastal area or at any corrosivegas generating place.-Since it is not of totally weatherproof specifications, do not install this camera atany weather-beaten place.When it is used mounted with the shade for outdoor use (SS-20), the weatherproof specifications meet the requirements of IP54 (Conformable to IEC/EN 60529).This camera may be installed outdoors but with restrictions; do not install this camera at any place open to gusty wind and rain as seen in typhoon (e.g., high steel tower), to snow (e.g., cold district), to water spray (e.g., coast or coastal area), or to water (e.g., under the water).For further information of installation place, consult our dealer.These tapped holes are used to fix the camera on the tripod and mount the shade (optional) on the camera.The tapped holes for fixing the tripod are provided at 2 locations in the top and bottom surface of the camera. Each tapped hole is 5mm deep.INT (internal) control switchWhen the internal synchronization is used, set the switch to the INT side.LL (Line-Lock) control switchMatching the vertical synchronization with the power frequency is called the line-lock. When two or more cameras are switched by the video switcher to a monitor TV, the vertical sync. phase can be locked with the power frequency, and a stable vertical sync. is obtained without being disturbed at the time of switching.Line-lock is operative only when the AC 24V power supply is connected.Caution:1.normal fluctuation of the power frequency. The camera may not compensate for large fluctuation caused by power generated by an engine generator. etc.2.It takes about 10 seconds or more to obtain a stable synchronization after thepower is turned on. This is necessary to stabilize the camera against the power noise.In case the back lighting is too bright to shoot the main object clearly, set this switch to ON position.To increase the sensitivity, set this switch to ON position.When the DAY/NIGHT function is used, this switch is turned ON. (See P. 9.)This is an image output terminal. When the camera direction, the field angle or the focal point is adjusted, a monitor TV or other type display is connected to this terminal.When a monitor TV is connected to this terminal, remove the 2P connector beforehand.This volume is used to adjust the brightness of the image. If the lens iris is not appropriate, adjust the iris with this level adjusting volume.Vertical sync. phase adjusting potentiometer is set at the position fully that the delay time of vertical sync. phase against the phase of power frequency is shortest, when shipped from the factory.against the phase of power frequency longer.if the picture image on a monitor TV may flowwhen using the camera in combination with other camera(s) controlled by the Line-Lock synchronization.In this case, get a proper image by shifting the phase of vertical sync. signal of the camera against that of the other. If a proper image cannot be obtained even after this adjustment, resetof the other camera to shift the phase of vertical sync. signal of other camera.Caution:Before making adjustment, make sure that cameras have their power suppliesconnected with the same polarity. (not 180apart)This clamp fixes the cores of the coaxial cable.This clamp fixes the sheath of the coaxial cable.This is a supplementary ground terminal.Connect this to the AC24V 60Hz power supply.Connect this to the ground wire of the power supply cord.1.Remove the rear cover, the GND cable, and the two 2P connectors.2.Connect the coaxial cable and the power cable.After connecting the power cable on the terminal block, be sure to mount the protective cover.Caution:Fasten the weatherproof cap firmly, and make sure that the cable is fixed completely. If the cap is not fastened firmly, water leak may be caused.(The appropriate tightening torque: 4.0~4.5N .m)When connecting the coaxial cable, be sure to remove the 2P connectors.3.Connect the two 2P connectors and the GND cable.After connecting the connectors and the cable, mount the rear cover.Caution:The rear cover has a weatherproof seal. Before mounting the rear cover, make sure that the seal is set in the groove in the rear cover. If the setting of the seal is not sufficient, water leak may be caused.When mounting the rear cover, be careful not to pinch the two 2P connectors or the GND cable.Be sure to connect the ground wire of the power cable to the earth terminal .Do not use the power cable of flat type, which does not fit the weatherproof cap.For the power cable, use one attached with a force-fit terminal.If the force-fit portion of the force-fit terminal is protruded from the terminal block, insulate the force-fit portion.Terminal block1.Built-in LensThis camera is built in with a dedicated varifocal lens.F: 1.4f: 2.8mm~5.8mm2.Lens adjustmentAdjust the field angle of the lens with the zoom ring, and set the focus with the focus ring.After setting, lock the lens firmly with the focus ring locking knob and the zoom ring locking knob. (Factory setting: WIDE end / Infinite)Caution:When adjusting the iris of the auto iris lens, open the iris fully in the circumstance with sufficient light amount of the object beforehand. If the light amount of theobject is not sufficient, a malfunction may occur.This camera is provided with Day/Night function that can detect the brightness of the objects and automatically switch the color mode / black-and-white mode according to the detected brightness. This function allows the output of ordinary colored images for the outdoor monitoring during daylight and the output of black-and-white images for the night monitoring with a lack of sufficient light volume. Therefore, even at night, this camera can provide monitoring through images with little noise.Furthermore, since this function raises the sensitivity in the infrared area, even a dark object can be imaged more clearly at night when a commercially available infrared lamp is used together. To make this function enabled, set the Day/Night switch on the rear panel to "ON."When the Day/Night switch is set to "OFF," the camera operates as an ordinary color camera even at night.When the Day/Night switch is set to "ON" and the object becomes gradually brighter as the time passes like dawn, it may take time to switch from the black-and-white mode to the color mode. As a result, the image taken in the early morning may be in black and white. However, note that this is not a malfunction.The Day/Night function controls the mode switching between the color mode and the black-and-white mode according to the signal level.Since the signal level varies depending on the camera settings to shoot the object, the timing of Day/Night switching varies accordingly.When more than one screen is displayed by the controller or the like, the Day/Night mode may vary depending on the camera shooting conditions even if the brightness is the same.The heater glass unit has a weatherproof seal. Before mounting the heater glass unit, make sure that the seal is set in the groove in the heater glass unit.Note with care that if the setting of the seal is not sufficient, water may leak into housing.(1)Heater glass unitMounting method for the heater glass unit (DF-20)1.Remove the front cover.2.The removed front cover (with four screws) is notused.3.Instead of the front cover removed in the step 2.,mount the heater glass unit.4.Insert the connector of the heater glass unit wiringinto the connector jack in the main unit.5.Mount the heater glass unit.Caution:When mounting the heater glass unit, becareful not to pinch the wiring or bring the Heater glass unit (DF-20)(2)Shade (Cover for outdoor use)Mounting method for the shade (SS-20)Mount the camera on the ceiling mountingbracket using the tapped holes in the top of thecamera and the two fixing bolts attached to thecamera.Caution:When the camera is installedoutdoors, since its drip-proofperformance degrades, do not directthe front side of the camera upward atany degrees from the level position.Do not install the camera upsidedown.Fasten the fixing bolts firmly so thatthe camera cannot come off and dropdue to looseness.For mounting on the ceiling mounting bracket (Under eaves and indoor specifications)Use the fixing bolts attached to the shade. (Do not use the fixing bolts attached to the camera.)Caution:Fasten the fixing bolts firmly so thatthe camera cannot come off and dropdue to looseness.For mounting on the ceiling mounting bracket together with the shade (SS-20)Note:Weight and dimensions are approximate.Design and specifications are subject to change without prior notice.6X1NRNA02Printed in JapanELMO (Europe) G.m.b.H.Neanderstr. 1840233 Dusseldorf,GermanyTel. 0211-376051-53Fax. 0211-376630E-mail:******************ELMO Mfg. Corp.1478 Old Country Road,Plainview, NY 11803-5034U.S.A.Tel. 516-501-1400Fax. 516-501-0429E-mail:****************Web:ELMO Canada Mfg. Corp.44 West Drive, Brampton,Ontario, L6T 3T6,CanadaTel. 905-453-7880Fax. 905-453-2391E-mail:*******************ELMO CO., LTD.6-14, Meizen-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8567 JapanOVERSEAS SUBSIDIARY COMPANIESPRECAUTIONS FOR USE AND INSTALLATION*Never aim the camera at the sun.Never aim or point the camera at the sun even if you are not shooting.*Do not shoot intense light.Strong light such as a spot light on the image plane will cause blooming or smear. When strong light comes into the image plane,vertical stripes may appear on it. However,this does not mean that the camera is defect.*Take precautions when handling a camera.Do not drop your camera, or give it a strong shook or vibration. This may cause camera to malfunction.*Do not touch internal parts.Be sure not to touch the internal parts. This may cause to electrical shock.*Do not let the camera get wet.Install the camera at the place where it will not get wet.Should it gets wet, turn off the power immediately and contact your dealer.*Install your camera where no video noise appears.When camera cables have been laid near electric wires or television receivers, a noise may interfere the image.If noise occurs, relocate cables or reinstall equipment.*Check the ambient temperature and humidity.Avoid using camera in areas where temperature is consistently hotter or colder than the specified range (See Specifications chart below) or poor image quality or damaged parts may occur. Precautions should also be taken to avoid areas of high humidity.*Should you notice any trouble.If any trouble occurs while you are using the camera, turn off the camera and contact your dealer. Failure to do so may cause damage to the camera.*The socket-outlet should be installed near the equipment and should be easily accessible.。

ACCA考试F7知识点辅导I. The accounting problemBefore IAS37 provisions were recognized on the basis of prudence，little guidance was given on when a provision should be recognized and how it should be measured. This gave rise to inconsistencies，and also allowed profits to be manipulated.Some problems are noted below：(a) Provisions could be recognized on the basis of management intentions，rather than on any obligation to be entity;(b) Several items could be combined into one large provision. Th ere were known as ‘big bath’ provisions;(c) A provision could be created for one purpose and then used for another;(d) Poor disclosure made it difficult to assess the effect of provisions on reported profits. In particular，provisions could be created when profits were high and released when profits were low in order to smooth profits.(1) DefinitionsIAS 37 views a provision as a liability.A provision is a liability of uncertainty timing or amount;A liability is an obligation of an enterprise to transfer economic benefits as a result of past transactions or events.Provision must be based on obligations，not management intentions.(2) Under IAS37， a provision should be recognized：a. When an enterprise has a present obligation;b. It is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required to settle it;c. A reliable estimate can be made of its amount; if a reasonable estimate cannot be made，then the nature of the provision and the uncertainties relating to the amount and timing of the cash flows should be disclosed.A provision is made for something which will probably happen. It should be recognized when it is probable that a transfer of economic events will take place and when its amount can be estimated reliably.(3) Contingent liabilitiesDefinitionThe Standard defines a contingent liability as：(a) A possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the enterprise; or(b) A present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because：(i) It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or(ii) The amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.As a rule of thumb，probable means more than 50% likely. If an obligation is probable，it is not a contingent liability – instead，a provision is needed.Treatment of contingent liabilitiesContingent liabilities should not be recognized in financial statements but they should be disclosed. The required disclosures are：(a) A brief description of the nature of the contingent liability;(b) An estimate of its financial effect;(c) An indication of the uncertainties that exist;(d) The possibility of any reimbursement;(4) Contingent assetsDefinitionA possible asset that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the enterprise’s control.A contingent asset must not be recognized. Only when the realization of the related economic benefits is virtually certain should recognition take place. At that point，the asset is no longer a contingent asset.Disclosure：contingent assetsContingent assets must only be disclosed in the notes if they are probable. In that case a brief description of the contingent asset should be provided along with an estimate of its likely financial effect.II. Specific application1. Future operating lossesIn the past，provisions were recognized for future operating losses on the grounds of prudence. However these should not be provided for the following reasons.①They relate to future events;②There is no obligation to a third party. The loss-making business could be closed and the losses avoided.2. Onerous contractsAn onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.A common example of an onerous contract is a lease on a surplus factory. The leaseholder is legally obliged to carry on paying the rent on the factory，but they will not get any benefit fromusing the factory.The least net cost of an onerous contract should be recognized as a provision. The least net cost is the lower of the cost of fulfilling the contract or of terminating it and suffering any penalty payments.Some assets may have been bought specifically for the onerous contract. These should be reviewed for impairment before any separate provision is made for the contract itself.1DemoDroopers has recently bought all of the trade，assets and liabilities of Dolittle，an unincorporatd business. As part of the take-over all of the combined business’s activities have been relocated at Droopers main site. As a result Dolittle’s premises are now empty and surplus to requirements.However，just before the acquisition Dolittle had signed a three year lease for their premises at $6000 per calendar month. At 31 December 2003 this lease ad 32 months left to run and the landlord had refused to terminate the lease. A sub-tenant had taken over part of the premises for the rest of the lease at a rent of $2500 per calendar month.Required(a) Should Droopers recognized a provision for an onerous contract in respect of this lease?(b) Show how this information will be presented in the financial statements for 2003 and 2004. Ignore the time value of money.Solution：Droopers has a legal obligation to pay a further $192000 to the landlord，as a result of a lease signed before the year end. Therefore an onerous contract exists and must be provided for.There is also an amount recoverable form the sub-tenant of $80000(32×2500). This will be shown separately in the balance sheet as an asset.The $192000 payable and the $80000 recoverable can be netted off in the income statement.income statements20032004$$provision for onerous lease contract(net)112000 Dr.net rental payable on lease (72-30)-42000 Drrelease of provision42000 Cr112000 Dr.balance sheetsreceivalbesamounts recoverable from sub-tenants80000 Dr.50000 Drliabilitiesamounts payable on onerous contracts192000 Cr120000 Cr3. RestructuringA restructuring is a programme that is planned and controlled by management and has a material effect on：①The scope of a business undertaken by the reporting entity in terms of the products or services it provides; or②The manner in which a business undertaken by the reporting entity is conducted;Restructuring includes terminating a line of business，closure of business locations，changes in management structure，and refocusing a business’s operations.Restructuring provisions have always been quite common，and have often been misused. IAS37 restricts the recognition of restructuring provisions to situations where an entity has aconstructive obligation to restructure.A constructive obligation will only arise if：①There is a detailed formal plan for restructuring. This must identify the businesses，locations and employees affected; and②Those affected have a valid expectation that the restructuring will be carried out. This can be by starting to implement the plan or by announcing it to those affected.The constructive obligation must exist at the year-end.(Any obligation arising after the year end may require disclosure under IAS10)A board decision alone will not create a constructive obligation unless：①The plan is already being implemented. For example，assets are being sold，redundancy negotiations have begun; or②The plan has been announced to those affected by it. The plan must have a strict timeframe without unreasonable delays; or③The Board itself contains representatives of employees or other groups affected by the decision.(This is common in mainland Europe.)An announcement to sell an operation will not create a constructive obligation. An obligation will only arise when a purchaser is found and there is a binding sale agreement.A restructuring provision should only include the direct costs of restructuring. These must be both：(a) Necessarily entailed by the restructuring; and(b) Not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity;The following costs must not be provided for because they relate to future events：(a) Retaining or relocating staff;(b) Marketing;(c) Investment in new systems and distribution networks;(d) Future operating losses (unless arising from an onerous contract)(e) Profits on disposal of assets.cca f7真题对于acca f7的考试的重要性我相信各位acca考生都心知肚明了，首先我们先看一下acca f7科目的考试内容ACCA F7科目介绍：F7《财务报告》是F3《财务会计》的后续课程或说是升级课程。

ACCA考试F7知识点辅导I. The accounting problemBefore IAS37 provisions were recognized on the basis of prudence，little guidance was given on when a provision should be recognized and how it should be measured. This gave rise to inconsistencies，and also allowed profits to be manipulated.Some problems are noted below：(a) Provisions could be recognized on the basis of management intentions，rather than on any obligation to be entity;(b) Several items could be combined into one large provision. There were known as ‘big bath’ provisions;(c) A provision could be created for one purpose and then used for another;(d) Poor disclosure made it difficult to assess the effect of provisions on reported profits. In particular，provisions could be created when profits were high and released when profits were low in order to smooth profits.(1) DefinitionsIAS 37 views a provision as a liability.A provision is a liability of uncertainty timing or amount;A liability is an obligation of an enterprise to transfer economic benefits as a result of past transactions or events.Provision must be based on obligations，not management intentions.(2) Under IAS37， a provision should be recognized：a. When an enterprise has a present obligation;b. It is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required to settle it;c. A reliable estimate can be made of its amount; if a reasonable estimate cannot be made，then the nature of the provision and the uncertainties relating to the amount and timing of the cash flows should be disclosed.A provision is made for something which will probably happen. It should be recognizedwhen it is probable that a transfer of economic events will take place and when its amount can be estimated reliably.(3) Contingent liabilitiesDefinitionThe Standard defines a contingent liability as：(a) A possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the enterprise; or(b) A present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because：(i) It is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or(ii) The amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.As a rule of thumb，probable means more than 50% likely. If an obligation is probable，it is not a contingent liability – instead，a provision is needed.Treatment of contingent liabilitiesContingent liabilities should not be recognized in financial statements but they should be disclosed. The required disclosures are：(a) A brief description of the nature of the contingent liability;(b) An estimate of its financial effect;(c) An indication of the uncertainties that exist;(d) The possibility of any reimbursement;(4) Contingent assetsDefinitionA possible asset that arises from the past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the enterprise’s control.A contingent asset must not be recognized. Only when the realization of the relatedeconomic benefits is virtually certain should recognition take place. At that point，the asset is no longer a contingent asset.Disclosure：contingent assetsContingent assets must only be disclosed in the notes if they are probable. In that case a brief description of the contingent asset should be provided along with an estimate of its likely financial effect.II. Specific application1. Future operating lossesIn the past，provisions were recognized for future operating losses on the grounds of prudence. However these should not be provided for the following reasons.①They relate to future events;②There is no obligation to a third party. The loss-making business could be closed and the losses avoided.2. Onerous contractsAn onerous contract is a contract in which the unavoidable costs of meeting the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.A common example of an onerous contract is a lease on a surplus factory. The leaseholder is legally obliged to carry on paying the rent on the factory，but they will not get any benefit from using the factory.The least net cost of an onerous contract should be recognized as a provision. The least net cost is the lower of the cost of fulfilling the contract or of terminating it and suffering any penalty payments.Some assets may have been bought specifically for the onerous contract. These should be reviewed for impairment before any separate provision is made for the contract itself.1DemoDroopers has recently bought all of the trade，assets and liabilities of Dolittle，an unincorporatd business. As part of the take-over all of the combined business’s activities have been relocated at Droopers main site. As a result Dolittle’s premises are now empty and surplus to requirements.However，just before the acquisition Dolittle had signed a three year lease for their premises at $6000 per calendar month. At 31 December 2003 this lease ad 32 months left to run and the landlord had refused to terminate the lease. A sub-tenant had taken over part of the premises for the rest of the lease at a rent of $2500 per calendar month.Required(a) Should Droopers recognized a provision for an onerous contract in respect of this lease?(b) Show how this information will be presented in the financial statements for 2003 and 2004. Ignore the time value of money.Solution：Droopers has a legal obligation to pay a further $192000 to the landlord，as a result of a lease signed before the year end. Therefore an onerous contract exists and must be provided for.There is also an amount recoverable form the sub-tenant of $80000(32×2500). This will be shown separately in the balance sheet as an asset.The $192000 payable and the $80000 recoverable can be netted off in the income statement.income statements20032004$$provision for onerous lease contract(net)112000 Dr.net rental payable on lease (72-30)-42000 Drrelease of provision42000 Cr112000 Dr.balance sheetsreceivalbesamounts recoverable from sub-tenants80000 Dr.50000 Drliabilitiesamounts payable on onerous contracts192000 Cr120000 Cr3. RestructuringA restructuring is a programme that is planned and controlled by management and has a material effect on：①The scope of a business undertaken by the reporting entity in terms of the products or services it provides; or②The manner in which a business undertaken by the reporting entity is conducted;Restructuring includes terminating a line of business，closure of business locations，changes in management structure，and refocusing a business’s operations.Restructuring provisions have always been quite common，and have often been misused. IAS37 restricts the recognition of restructuring provisions to situations where an entity has a constructive obligation to restructure.A constructive obligation will only arise if：①There is a detailed formal plan for restructuring. This must identify the businesses，locations and employees affected; and②Those affected have a valid expectation that the restructuring will be carried out. This can be by starting to implement the plan or by announcing it to those affected.The constructive obligation must exist at the year-end.(Any obligation arising after the year end may require disclosure under IAS10)A board decision alone will not create a constructive obligation unless：①The plan is already being implemented. For example，assets are being sold，redundancy negotiations have begun; or②The plan has been announced to those affected by it. The plan must have a strict timeframe without unreasonable delays; or③The Board itself contains representatives of employees or other groups affected by the decision.(This is common in mainland Europe.)An announcement to sell an operation will not create a constructive obligation. An obligation will only arise when a purchaser is found and there is a binding sale agreement.A restructuring provision should only include the direct costs of restructuring. These must be both：(a) Necessarily entailed by the restructuring; and(b) Not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity;The following costs must not be provided for because they relate to future events：(a) Retaining or relocating staff;(b) Marketing;(c) Investment in new systems and distribution networks;(d) Future operating losses (unless arising from an onerous contract)(e) Profits on disposal of assets.cca f7真题对于acca f7的考试的重要性我相信各位acca考生都心知肚明了，首先我们先看一下acca f7科目的考试内容ACCA F7科目介绍：F7《财务报告》是F3《财务会计》的后续课程或说是升级课程。

2023年12月六级英语tax cut解析全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Analysis of Tax Cut in December 2023Introduction: In December 2023, the government announced a significant tax cut for individuals and businesses in order to stimulate economic growth and provide relief during challenging times. This move has sparked widespread debate and analysis on its potential impact on the economy, individuals, and businesses.Impact on Individuals:1. Increased Disposable Income: The tax cut will lead to an increase in disposable income for individuals as they will have to pay less tax on their earnings. This will potentially boost consumer spending and drive economic activity.2. Savings and Investments: With more money in their pockets, individuals may choose to save or invest their extra income. This could lead to increased capital formation and investment in the economy.3. Redistribution of Wealth: Critics argue that tax cuts primarily benefit the wealthy and widen the wealth gap in society. It is important for the government to consider measures to ensure that the benefits of the tax cut reach all income groups.Impact on Businesses:1. Boost to Profits: Businesses will benefit from lower tax rates, resulting in increased profits and cash flow. This could lead to expansion, job creation, and investment in research and development.2. Competitive Advantage: Lower corporate taxes could make businesses more competitive on a global scale, attracting foreign investment and fostering economic growth.3. Sustainability and Social Responsibility: Some businesses may choose to reinvest their tax savings into sustainable practices, corporate social responsibility initiatives, or employee benefits.Overall Economic Impact:1. Economic Growth: The tax cut is expected to boost economic growth by stimulating consumer spending, encouraging investment, and promoting business expansion. This could lead to increased GDP and job creation.2. Inflation and Interest Rates: There is concern that the tax cut may lead to increased inflation and rising interest rates if demand exceeds supply in the economy. The government will need to monitor these indicators closely.3. Fiscal Policy and Revenue: The government's decision to implement a tax cut will have implications for its fiscal policy and revenue. It is important for the government to balance its budget and ensure sustainable economic growth.Conclusion:The tax cut announced in December 2023 has the potential to have a significant impact on individuals, businesses, and the overall economy. It is important for policymakers to carefully monitor the effects of the tax cut and implement measures to ensure that its benefits are distributed equitably. By striking a balance between stimulating economic growth and maintaining fiscal sustainability, the government can maximize the positive impact of the tax cut on the economy.篇2Tax Cut Analysis in December 2023In December 2023, the government announced a significant tax cut as part of its economic stimulus package. This tax cut wasaimed at boosting consumer spending, encouraging investment, and stimulating economic growth. In this article, we will analyze the potential impacts of this tax cut on various aspects of the economy.1. Consumer Spending:One of the primary objectives of the tax cut is to increase consumer spending. With more money in their pockets due to lower taxes, consumers are expected to increase their spending on goods and services. This, in turn, can boost businesses, increase demand for goods and services, and potentially create jobs.2. Investment:The tax cut is also expected to encourage investment by both businesses and individuals. Lower taxes can make it more profitable for businesses to invest in new equipment, expand their operations, or hire more workers. Similarly, individuals may choose to invest more in the stock market, real estate, or other assets, leading to increased capital formation.3. Economic Growth:The overall aim of the tax cut is to stimulate economic growth. By increasing consumer spending and investment, thegovernment hopes to kickstart economic activity and create a positive feedback loop of growth. This can lead to a stronger economy, higher GDP growth, and improved living standards for the population.4. Income Distribution:It is important to consider the impact of the tax cut on income distribution. While lower taxes can benefit all taxpayers, they may disproportionately benefit high-income individuals and exacerbate income inequality. The government may need to implement measures to ensure that the benefits of the tax cut are distributed equitably.5. Government Budget:The tax cut will inevitably have implications for the government budget. Lower tax revenues can lead to a budget deficit, especially if government spending remains unchanged. The government will need to carefully manage its finances to ensure fiscal sustainability and avoid excessive debt accumulation.Overall, the 2023 December tax cut has the potential to have a significant impact on the economy. By boosting consumer spending, encouraging investment, and stimulating economicgrowth, it can help the country recover from the economic downturn and pave the way for a more prosperous future. However, the government must carefully monitor the effects of the tax cut and implement appropriate policies to ensure its success.篇3In December 2023, the government announced a tax cut as part of its economic stimulus package. This move was aimed at boosting consumer spending, encouraging investment, and stimulating economic growth. In this article, we will analyze the impact of the tax cut on the economy and discuss its potential benefits and drawbacks.One of the main goals of the tax cut was to provide relief to individual taxpayers and businesses. By lowering tax rates, people would have more disposable income to spend on goods and services, which would in turn help stimulate demand and drive economic activity. For businesses, the tax cut would reduce their operating costs and increase profits, potentially leading to more investment and job creation.Another benefit of the tax cut is its potential to attract foreign investment. Lower tax rates make the country morecompetitive and attractive to international investors, who may choose to establish or expand their operations in the country. This can create new jobs, transfer technology and skills, and boost economic growth in the long run.However, there are also potential drawbacks to the tax cut. One concern is that it could lead to an increase in the budget deficit. Lower tax rates mean less revenue for the government, which may have to borrow more to finance its spending programs. This could put pressure on the country's fiscal health and lead to higher interest rates and inflation in the future.Another concern is that the tax cut may not reach those who need it the most. Higher-income earners and corporations stand to benefit the most from the tax cut, while lower-income individuals may see little or no change in their tax burden. This could exacerbate income inequality and lead to social unrest and dissatisfaction.Overall, the tax cut in December 2023 is a bold move by the government to stimulate economic growth and investment. While it has the potential to boost consumer spending and business confidence, policymakers must carefully monitor its impact on the economy and ensure that it benefits all segments of society. By striking the right balance between tax cuts andsocial welfare programs, the government can create a more inclusive and sustainable economic environment for all.。

从“亚马逊效应”看科技进步对货币政策的可能影响A Look at Possible Impact of Technological Progresses on Monetary Policy from the "Amazon Effect"益 言随着全球化推进和科技进步，亚马逊等线上平台会影响同行业传统公司的价格调整和定价方式，这种“亚马逊效应”还会催生“超级明星公司”，影响银行业竞争格局，促使公司更加依赖无形资产投资。

这些影响将从不同程度上束缚甚至扭曲货币政策的传导效果，中央银行应尽早作出相应对策。

With the advancement of globalization and the development of technology, online platforms such as Amazon will affect the price adjustment and pricing models of traditional companies. This "Amazon Effect" will also lead to the birth of “superstar companies” and affect the competitive landscape of the banking industry, prompting companies to rely more on intangible asset investment. These effects will constrain or even distort the transmission of monetary policy to varying degrees. The central bank should make corresponding countermeasures as soon as possible.目前，信息通讯技术的影响渗透在日常生活的方方面面，改变了公司的生产经营方式，催生了大型科技公司。

公共场合安装金摄像监控装置英语作文The debate surrounding the installation of surveillance cameras in public spaces has been a contentious issue for many years. Proponents argue that these measures enhance public safety and deter criminal activity, while opponents raise concerns about privacy rights and the potential for abuse of power. As technology continues to advance, the discussion surrounding the use of surveillance cameras in public areas has become increasingly complex and multifaceted.One of the primary arguments in favor of installing surveillance cameras in public spaces is the potential to improve public safety. Advocates claim that the presence of these cameras can act as a deterrent to criminal behavior, as individuals may be less likely to engage in unlawful activities if they know they are under surveillance. Additionally, in the event of a crime or incident, the footage captured by the cameras can be used to aid law enforcement in their investigations, potentially leading to the identification and apprehension of suspects. This, in turn, can contribute to a greater sense of security among the general public.Moreover, proponents of surveillance cameras argue that they can be valuable tools in emergency situations. For example, if a natural disaster or terrorist attack were to occur, the footage from the cameras could be used to coordinate emergency response efforts, track the movement of individuals, and identify those in need of assistance. This could potentially save lives and minimize the impact of such events.However, opponents of surveillance cameras in public spaces raise valid concerns about the potential infringement on individual privacy rights. They argue that the installation of these cameras, without proper safeguards and oversight, can lead to a society of constant monitoring and the erosion of personal freedoms. There are fears that the data collected by these cameras could be misused or accessed by unauthorized individuals, leading to a violation of an individual's right to privacy and the potential for discrimination or harassment.Furthermore, critics point to the disproportionate impact that surveillance cameras can have on marginalized communities, such as racial minorities and low-income neighborhoods. They argue that the deployment of these cameras is often driven by a perceived need to control and monitor these communities, rather than a genuine concern for public safety. This can further exacerbate existing socialinequalities and erode trust in law enforcement and government institutions.Another concern raised by opponents is the potential for the abuse of power by those in control of the surveillance systems. They argue that the data collected by the cameras could be used for purposes beyond public safety, such as political surveillance or the targeting of specific individuals or groups. This could lead to a chilling effect on free speech and the right to dissent, as individuals may feel hesitant to participate in public discourse or engage in political activities for fear of being monitored.Proponents of surveillance cameras, however, contend that these concerns can be addressed through the implementation of robust privacy protections and strict regulations governing the use of the technology. They argue that with proper oversight, transparency, and accountability measures in place, the benefits of surveillance cameras in public spaces can be realized while mitigating the risks to individual privacy.One potential solution proposed by advocates is the establishment of clear guidelines and policies that govern the use of surveillance cameras, including strict limitations on the collection, storage, and use of the data collected. This could include requirements for obtaining warrants before accessing footage, regular audits of thesystems, and the implementation of strict data deletion policies to ensure that personal information is not retained indefinitely.Additionally, proponents suggest that the involvement of community stakeholders and civil liberties organizations in the decision-making process around the installation of surveillance cameras could help to address concerns about privacy and equity. By incorporating diverse perspectives and ensuring that the needs and concerns of all community members are taken into account, the deployment of these systems could be tailored to the specific needs and values of the local population.Ultimately, the debate surrounding the installation of surveillance cameras in public spaces is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of the competing interests and concerns. While the potential benefits of enhanced public safety and emergency response capabilities are compelling, the risks to individual privacy and the potential for abuse of power cannot be ignored.As technology continues to advance and the use of surveillance cameras becomes more widespread, it is crucial that policymakers, law enforcement, and community stakeholders work together to develop a balanced and ethical approach that respects the rights and freedoms of all individuals. This may involve the implementation ofrobust privacy protections, increased transparency and accountability measures, and the active engagement of the public in the decision-making process.Only through a collaborative and thoughtful approach can we ensure that the use of surveillance cameras in public spaces serves the greater good while upholding the fundamental principles of a free and democratic society.。

CFA一级模拟试题及答案0426-11.Monique Gretta,CFA, is a research analyst at East West Investment Bank. Gretta has several long-standing relationships with mutual funds and institutional investors. Gretta often provides these clients with draft copies of her research before disseminating the information to all of the bank’s clients. This practice has helped Gretta avoid several errors in her reports and she believes it is beneficial to the rest of her client base. Regarding her research, Gretta least likely violated the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct because:A. Her report is a draft.B. Of her conflicts of interestC. This practice benefits clients.2. Investment analysts often use earnings per share (EPS) forecasts. One test of forecasting quality is the zero-mean test, which states that optimal forecasts should have a mean forecasting error of 0. (Forecasting error = Predicted value of variable ? Actual value of variable.)To test whether the mean forecasting error is 0, the t-statistic calculated is most likely:A. 5.000B. 5.025C. 0.5003. An increase in the nominal money supply would shift the:A. IS curve and the LM curve.B. IS curve and the aggregate demand curve.C. LM curve and the aggregate demand curve.4. Using the following information, what is the firm's cash flow from operations?A. $158B. $170C. $1745. Freytag Company currently has assets on its balance sheet that are financed with 60% equity and 40% debt. The company can issue debt at the yield of 8% when the value of the debt doesn’t exceed 1 million. If larger amounts of debt are issued by the company, the yield of the debt will be 9%. Calculate the break points for the company.A. 1 millionB. 1.67 millionC. 2.5 million6. Which of the following is not included in behavior finance?A. Risk aversionB. Loss aversionC. Overconfidence7. Using the "Four Cs of Credit Analysis" framework, which of the following is the least likely factor to be considered under the category of "capacity"?A. Industry fundamentalsB. History of fraud or malfeasanceC. Level of competition8. Which of the following best describes how futures contract payoffs differ from forward contract payoffs?A. Forward contract payoffs are larger.B. They are equal, ignoring the time value of money.C. Futures contract payoffs are larger if the underlying is a commodity.9. The following information is available about a hedge fund:No deposits to the fund or withdrawals from the fund occurred during the year. Management fees are calculated using end-of-period valuation. Management fees and incentive fees are calculated independently. The net-of-fees return of the investor is closest to:A. 7.8%.B. 7.4%.C. 5.8%.10. Which of the following performance measures is consistent with the CAPM?A. M–squared.B. Sharpe ratio.C. Jensen's alpha.1. Solution: B.Even though the analyst is not treating all clients in anequitable manner, there is no indication she has breached any conflicts of interest.(No special interest relationship of conflicts.2. Solution: B.3. Solution: C.The LM curve represents combinations of income and the interest rate at which the demand for real money balances equals the supply. For a given price level, an increase in the nominal money supply is also an increase in the real money supply. To increase the demand for real money balances, either the interest must decline or income must increase. Therefore, at each level of the interest rate, income (= expenditure) must increase—a rightward shift of the LM curve. Since the IS curve is downward sloping (higher income requires a lower interest rate), a rightward shift in the LM curve means that the IS and LM curves will intersect at a higher level of aggregate expenditure/income. This implies a higher level of aggregate expenditure at each price level—a rightward shift of the Aggregate Demand curve.4. Solution: B.Net income — profits from sale of land + depreciation +decrease in receivables — increase in inventories + increase in accounts payable — decrease in wages payable + increase in deferred tax liabilities = 120 — 2 + 25 + 20 — 10 + 7 — 5 + 15 = $170. Note that the profit on the sale of land should be subtracted from net income to avoid double counting the gain in net income and investing activities.5. Solution: C.When the value of the debt exceeds 1 million, the yield of the bonds issued changed. So the break point for the company occurs when 40% of the whole capital exceeds 1 million. Break point = 1million/40% = 2.5million.6. Solution: A.Risk aversion belongs to traditional finance. Behavioral finance examines investor behavior, its effect on financial markets, how cognitive biases may result in anomalies, and whether investors are rational.7. Solution: B.Any history of fraud or malfeasance is a major warning flag to credit analysis under the category of "character."8. Solution: B.Forward payoffs occur all at expiration, whereas futurespayoffs occur on a day-to-day basis but would equal forward payoffs ignoring interest. Payoffs could differ, so forward payoffs are not always larger. The type of underlying is not relevant to the point of which payoff is larger.9. Solution: C.The soft hurdle rate is surpassed, because the return of the fund is 10%. For that reason, the full fee, based on the full performance, is due.Management fee: 2% of $110 million = $2.2 million.Incentive fee: 20% of $10 million = $2 million.Total fees: $4.2 million.Therefore, the fund assets at the end of the period after fees are $105.8 million. The return for the investor is 5.8%.10. Solution: C.Jensen’s alpha adjusts for systematic risk, and M-squared and the Sharpe Ratio adjust for total risk.。

ACCA P3Dec Q1Xenon usually analyses an industry using Porter’s five forces framework.(a)Using Porter’s framework,analyse the business analysis certification industry (BACTI)in Erewhon and assess whether it is an attractive market for ABCL to enter. This question asks candidates to analyse the business analysis certification training industry(BACTI)in Erewhon using Porter’s five forces framework.This is the preferred approach of Xenon,the company commissioned to undertake the study.In this context it seems a reasonable model to use.The forces ultimately determine the profit potential of the industry and ABCL will be keen to invest in an industry where there is long-term return on its investment.The framework also helps identify how a potential new entrant(such as ABCL)might position itself in the industry.The five forces driving industry competition are the threat of entrants,the threat of substitute products or services,the bargaining power of suppliers,the bargaining power of buyers and the competitive rivalry between existing firms in the industry. Looking at each of these in turn:本体要求用波特五力分析模型分析商业分析认证培训行业。