国内英文文献引用格式Citation of English literature sources is an essential aspect of academic writing in the domestic context. Proper citation not only acknowledges the original work but also demonstrates the depth of research conducted by the author. In the domestic setting, several citation formats have been established to ensure consistency and adherence to academic standards. This essay will explore the most commonly used citation styles, their key features, and the importance of correctly implementing them in scholarly writing.One of the widely recognized citation formats in the domestic context is the American Psychological Association (APA) style. Developed by the American Psychological Association, this format is primarily used in the social and behavioral sciences, including disciplines such as psychology, education, and business. The APA style emphasizes the author-date system, where the author's last name and the publication year are included in the in-text citation, followed by a full reference list at the end of the document. This format also has specific guidelines for the organization and formatting of the reference list, ensuring that sources are presentedin a clear and standardized manner.Another commonly used citation style in the domestic setting is the Modern Language Association (MLA) format. This style is predominantly employed in the humanities, including fields like literature, language studies, and cultural studies. The MLA format utilizes the author-page system for in-text citations, where the author's last name and the specific page number(s) are provided. The reference list, known as the Works Cited, follows a structured format that includes essential bibliographic information such as the author, title, publisher, and publication date.The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is another citation format that is widely recognized in the domestic context. This comprehensive style guide is commonly used in historical studies, as well as in various other disciplines where a more detailed citation approach is required. The CMS offers two main citation systems: the author-date system and the notes-bibliography system. The author-date system follows a similar structure to the APA style, while the notes-bibliography system utilizes footnotes or endnotes to provide source information, accompanied by a bibliography at the end of the document.In addition to these major citation styles, there are also discipline-specific formats that are commonly used in the domestic setting. For instance, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)citation style is widely adopted in the field of engineering and computer science. This format emphasizes the numeric system, where sources are referenced using sequential numbers in the text, and the full bibliographic details are provided in a reference list.Accurate and consistent citation of English literature sources is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures the integrity of the research by properly acknowledging the contributions of other scholars. This not only demonstrates the author's commitment to academic honesty but also enhances the credibility of the work. Secondly, correct citation enables readers to easily locate and verify the sources used in the research, facilitating further exploration and understanding of the topic. Additionally, adherence to established citation styles is often a requirement in academic institutions and publications, as it maintains a standardized approach to referencing sources.When implementing citation formats in the domestic context, it is essential to pay attention to the specific guidelines and conventions of each style. This includes aspects such as the formatting of in-text citations, the structure and content of the reference list, and the handling of various source types (e.g., books, journal articles, websites). Failure to follow the prescribed guidelines can result in deductions or rejection of the work, as academic institutions and journals often have strict policies regarding citation accuracy.In conclusion, the citation of English literature sources is a vital component of academic writing in the domestic setting. The APA, MLA, and CMS are the most widely recognized citation styles, each with its own unique features and applications. Additionally, discipline-specific formats, such as the IEEE style, are also commonly used. Accurate and consistent citation not only demonstrates the author's commitment to academic integrity but also enhances the credibility and accessibility of the research. As such, it is crucial for domestic scholars to familiarize themselves with the appropriate citation formats and to diligently apply them in their written works.。
芝加哥论文格式范例篇一：论文格式Chicago该格式由芝加哥大学出版社( University of Chicago Press) 制定, 可用于人文科学类和自然科学类论文, 其基本格式为: 正文中按引用先后顺序连续编排序号, 在该页底以脚注( Footnotes ) 或在文末以尾注( Endnotes ) 形式注明出处, 或在文末单列参考文献项, 以Bibliography 为标题。
芝加哥引注格式在美国比在英国的应用更多，标准是《芝加哥引注格式使用指南》（The Chicago Manual of Style），但是也有很多用户把凯特?杜拉宾（Kate Turabian）为学生编写的《学期、学位、学术论文写作指南》（A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations）作为参考。
所以，芝加哥引注格式也称为杜拉宾引注格式。
芝加哥引注格式主要用脚注形式引注，但是也可以用作者姓名的文中引注格式。
文中引注与姓名日期名字日期（哈佛）格式和APA格式一样，芝加哥格式可以在文本中做引注，在括号中写出作者或组织者的姓氏全程或缩写，加上年份，如果需要的话，还可以加上页码，比如: (Goman 1989, 59) ，或者 (Fairbairn and Fairbairn 2001) ，或者 (MHRA 2004).如果一个文献有一到三个作者，在引注中依次写出他们的姓氏。
如果有4个或者多于4个作者，写出第一个作者的名字然后写‘et al.’代替其他作者的名字，比如：(Brown et al. 2009). 文后参考文献在论文最后制作一个标题为“参考文献”的书单，把所有的文献条目按照字母表顺序排列。
这样，上面说到的三个文献例子，按照顺序可以排列为：? Fairbairn, Gavin and Susan Fairbairn. 2001. Reading at university: A guide for students. Maidenhead: Open University Press.文后参考文献的格式要求：?使用作者的全名。
Chicago Citation StyleThe Chicago Manual of Style, 15th editionBookOkuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books.Journal ArticleWilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (2): 53-65.Magazine ArticleDo not include the page numbers in the reference list. Cite the specific pages in the parenthetical reference. (section 17.183)Smith, Jane. 1996. There is no resisting the Borg queen. Maclean's, December 2. Newspaper ArticleDo not include the page numbers in the reference list or the parenthetical reference. If thenewspaper has several editions, include that information as shown under the next item.(section 17.188).Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star trek. Los Angeles Times, March 15, sec. A.Newspaper Article - No Author (section 17.192)Do not follow this format for other items without an author. See notes below.Newsday. 2003. Activision suing over Star trek. July 2, Queens edition, sec. A. Encyclopedia ArticleWell known, alphabetically arranged reference books used as sources are not includedin the reference list but are cited in the text (section 17.238). Examples:In his article on science fiction in the 1995 edition of the Encyclopedia Americana, Theodore Sturgeon says that the phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback.Theodore Sturgeon says that the phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback (Encyclopedia Americana, 1995 ed., s.v. "Science fiction.").Articles from less well known reference books can be treated as a Book Article or ChapterBook Article or Chapter (sections 17.68-17.70)For multivolume books, include the volume number before the page number (ex. 3:26-27) (section 17.87).James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic, ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223. Westport, CT:Greenwood.ERIC Document (section 17.242)Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. 1993. Sibling communication in Star trek: The next generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Speech Communication Association,text-fiche, ED364932.Website (section 17.237)Lynch, Tim. 1996. Review of DS9 trials and tribble-ations. Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club. /campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html(accessed October 8, 1997).Notes∙There are two different Chicago Styles. The one shown above is for a Reference List which is starting to become the more common one. See the printed manual for the other.∙Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc. (section16.93).∙Doublespace all lines (section 2.29).∙Indent the second and following lines (section 2.29).∙For ranges of page numbers, use an en dash instead of a hyphen (section 9.62).∙If no author is given, start with the title and then the date (section 17.32) - except with newspapers (see above). ∙Journal, magazine, or news paper article from a database: Follow the examples shown above. Then add the URL of the database's homepage after the period (it is not necessary to include the long link directly to the article). End the URL with a period (section 17.359). If the database gives the first page number of the article but not the last, use "ff." after the first number: 126ff. (section 17.131).∙Websites: (section 17.237) Include the title of the web page, the title of the entire website (or the owner of the website - these two might be the same, as in this example). Including the date you accessed the page is optional if it is not important that the contents might get revised or updated (section 17.12).∙The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See sections 17.58 and17.157 of the printed version of the manual for details.∙For documents and situations not listed here, see the printed version of the manual or Chicago's official website (/home.html) for a list of frequently asked questions about "Documentation" and other aspects of Chicago style.∙From: /CWIS/CWP/library/workshop/citation.htm。
Chicago Citation StyleUBC Okanagan Library The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed) provides two distinct citation styles: Humanities style (notes andbibliography) and Scientific/Social Sciences styles (parenthetical author/date references and reference list). This handout covers only the Humanities style of Chicago. The manual is available in the library at: Z 253.U69 2010.General Rules▪ When to Cite?: You need to cite all sources that you have consulted, even if you present the ideas from thesesources in your own words. “Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require authors to identify the sources of direct quotations and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checked …The primary criterion of any source citation is sufficient information to lead readers directly to the sourcesconsulted…whether these are published or unpublished , in printed or electronic form.” (14.1)▪ Citation Appears in Two Places: Chicago requires that you cite sources consulted in the body of your paper (“in -text citations” or footnotes/endnotes) and in the bibliography. (14.2) If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form , even for the first citation (14.14, 14.18). Note that discipline/professor preferences may vary and you should consult your professor with questions .▪ Spacing : Double-space the body of the paper. Single space footnotes/endnotes and bibliographies, leaving a blank line between entries.▪ Page Numbers : Every page of your paper must be assigned a page number, including blank pages,appendices, and bibliography. Use Arabic numerals centered or on the far right at the top of the page.▪Page Number Ranges : For all numbers less than 100, use all digits (Ex. 3-10; 71-71; 96-117). For 100 ormultiples of 100, use all digits (Ex. 100-104; 1100-1113). For numbers 101-109/ 201-209, use the changed part of the number only (Ex. 101-8; 808-33). For numbers 110-199, 210-299, use two digits unless more are needed to include all changed parts (Ex. 321-28; 498-532; 11564-615). (9.60)▪Spelling : Chicago recommends Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (PE 1625.W36 1993) and the abridged Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (PE 1628.M36 2003). (7.1)▪ Italics: Titles of books and journals in the body of the paper should be written in italics. (14.94; 14.177) ▪ Capitalization: Capitalize all significant words of a title and subtitle regardless of how they appear in your source.▪ Publisher Location: When more than one place of publication is listed, document the first one that appears on the title page. (14.135)▪ Block Quotes : Chicago does not provide a specific word count guideline. Long quotes or entire paragraphs should be quoted in single-spaced, indented blocks of text. (13.20-13.22) ▪ Title page : include the title, author and date. Do not include page numbers or running head. Consult your professor regarding their preference for the inclusion of course number, professor name, and other details. In-text Citations: Footnotes & Endnotes (14.38-14.43 / p. 671-676) ▪ Wherever you incorporate another person’s words, facts, or ideas, insert a footnote or endnote.▪ Footnotes are numbered citations listed at the bottom of each page within your paper.▪ Endnotes are numbered citations listed on a separate page at the end of the research paper (before the bibliography and/or any appendices).▪ Single space within footnotes and endnotes, double space between entries.▪ Indent the first line of the note (tab once to indent; a tab is 1 inch).▪ In-text Example :Jones states “‘genocide’ is one of the most powerful words in the English language.”12▪If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18)▪Instructions: In MS Word 2010, u nder the “References” tab, insert a footnote or endnote. MS Word will automatically make in-text citations into superscript and properly number footnotes/endnotes to correspond. In-text Citations: Shortened Citations(14.24-14.31 / p. 667-670)A.If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the shortform, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18)B.If you do not have a bibliography or if you have only a selected bibliography, then you must provide fulldetails of the citation in the notes. (14.14)▪The first time you cite a resource, it must be cited in full with the following information: author/s, title, place of publication, name of publisher, and page number/s of the cited reference. Example:1. Adam Jones, Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginner’s Guide (Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2008), 156. ▪Short form notes/ Subsequent notes may be shortened to include: author’s last name, abbreviated title, and the appropriate page number/s (14.24-14.29). Example:2. Jones, Crimes, 97.▪Ibid – If you cite the exact same resource multiple times, one immediately after the other, you can replace the normal note format with ‘Ibid’ (Ibid means: in the same place) and the page number/s. (14.29) Example:3. Ibid., 121.Bibliography (14.56-14.67 / p. 684-692) **See Sample Bibliography at end of this guide.▪The bibliography appears at the end of your paper– it is a list of all sources cited within your paper. If you have a bibliography, use the short form of the notes throughout your paper.▪List entries in alphabetical order according to the authors’ last names. If no author is provided, then use the title instead; note that the words the, a, or an are ignored.▪Single space each entry in the bibliography and double space between entries.▪Indent the second and subsequent lines of the entry (tab once to indent).▪If you have multiple entries by the same author, replace the author’s name in second and subsequent entries with a 3-em dash, followed by a period. Example:Jones, Adam. Crimes Aga inst Humanity: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2008.—. Gender Inclusive: Essays on Violence, Men, and Feminist International Relations. New York: Routledge, 2009. Common Abbreviations(14.87-14.88 / p. 699-700)When books have editors, translators, or compilers, the following abbreviations are used:▪One editor – ed.▪Two or more editors – eds. ▪Translators – trans. ▪Compilers – comp.For editions of books other than the first, the edition number (or description) and the abbreviation “ed.” are placed after the book’s title in all notes and bibliogr aphic citations. (14.118-14.120)▪Second edition – 2nd ed. ▪Revised edition – rev.ed.Days and months can be spelled out or abbreviated; they must be used consistently. (10.38-10.42, 14.235) Need Citation Help?1.Ask your question at the Library Information Desk2.Call the Library Information Desk at 250-807-91283.Ask a librarian through online chat service – AskAway – linked from the Okanagan Library website4.Additional examples of Chicago Style are available at: Book – One Author / E-Book Example (Book: 14.75 / p. 695)(E-Book: 14.167 / p. 727)Note 1. Adam Jones, Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (London: Routledge, 2006), 112, ?id=54893.Short Note 1. Jones, Genocide, 112.Bibliography Jones, Adam. Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. London: Routledge, 2006.?id=54893.Comments ▪Notes: the author’s name is ordered normally: first name last name. Bibliography: the author’s name is inverted: last name, first name.▪For an E-book, the citation is includes a DOI or URL at the end of the citation. For a print book the citation is the same, except that the DOI or URL is omitted.▪If an e-book has section headings (ex. “Introduction”) rather than page numbers, replace the page number(s) with the section heading in quotations.Book – Two or Three Authors or Editors / E-Book Example (Book: 14.76 / p. 695-696) (E-Book: 14.167 / p. 727)Note 2. Heinz H. Bauschke and Patrick L. Combettes, Convex Analysis and Monotone Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces (New York: Springer, 2011), 42, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9467-7.Short Note 2. Bauschke and Combettes, Convex Analysis and Monotone, 42.Bibliography Bauschke, Heinz H. and Patrick L. Combettes. Convex Analysis and Monotone Operator Theory in Hilbert Spaces. New York: Springer, 2011. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9467-7.Comments ▪Bibliography: if two or three authors/editors are listed, only the first author’s name is inverted.▪Select the o rder the author’s names based on how they appear on the title page.▪Use ‘and’, not an ampersand ‘&’.▪For three authors, the conjunction ‘and’ following a comma is used before the last author’s name (Example: Smith, Heather, James Hudson, and Marjorie Talbot).Book – Four to Ten Authors or Editors (14.76 / p. 695-696)Note 3. Sara Ahmed et al., eds., Uprootings/ Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration (New York: Berg, 2003), 9.Short Note 3. Ahmed et al., Uprootings/Regroundings, 9.Bibliography Ahmed, Sara, Claudia Castañeda, Anne-Marie Fortier, and Mimi Sheller, editors. Uprootings/Regroundings: Questions of Home and Migration. New York: Berg, 2003.Comments ▪Notes: the first author’s name is listed and subsequent names are replaced by ‘et al.’.▪Bibliography: all author’s names are fully cited, unless there are more than ten.▪If more than ten authors are listed, include only the first seven in a bibliography and replace the rest of the names with ‘et al.’Book – Editor, Translator, Compiler in Addition to Author (14.88 / p. 700)Note 4. Gabriel García Márquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude, trans. Gregory Rabassa (New York: Harper & Row, 1970), 234-44.Short Note 4. Garcia Márquez, One Hundred Years, 234-44.Bibliography Garcia Márquez, Gabriel. One Hundred Years of Solitude. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.Comments ▪The author’s name appears firs t and the name(s) of the editor(s), compiler(s), or translator(s) appear after the title.▪The abbreviation (ex. ‘ed.’, ‘trans.’) appears in the notes, but is spelled-out in the bibliography.▪Notes: use the abbreviation ‘ed.’ not ‘eds’ and ‘comp.’ not ‘comps.’ even if there is more than one editor or compiler.Book Chapter – Anthology or Compilation (14.112 / p. 708)Note 5. Onesimo Teotonio Almeida, “Value Conflicts and Cultural Adjustment in North America,”in The Portuguese in Canada: Diasporic Challenges and Adjustment, 2nd ed., ed. Carlos Teixeira andVictor M.P. Da Rosa (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009), 257.Short Note 5. Onesimo, “Value Conflicts,” 257.Bibliography Almeida, Onesimo Teotonio. “Value Conflicts and Cultural Adjustment in North America.” In The Portuguese in Canada: Diasporic Challenges and Adjustment, 2nd ed., edited by CarlosTeixeira and Victor M.P. Da Rosa, 255-68. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. Comments ▪Notes: Author of chapter, chapter title in quotation marks, ‘in’, title of book, editor(s), page number being cited, publication place, publisher, year published.▪Bibliography: Author of chapter, chapter title in quotation marks, period, ‘In’, title of book, editor(s), page range of chapter, place of publication, publisher, year published.Journal Article – Print and Online (14.170-14.198 / p. 728-738)Note 6. H.B. McCullough, “Critique of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations,” Pepperdine Law Review 29, no. 1 (2001): 16, /HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/pepplr29&id=25.7. James F. Rochlin, “Latin America's Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: The Case ofBolivia,” Third World Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1331-33, doi:10.1080/01436590701591838. Short Note 6. McCullough, “Critique of the Report,” 16.7. Rochlin, “Latin America’s Left Turn,” 1331-33.Bibliography McCullough, H.B. “Critique of the Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations.”Pepperdine Law Review 29, no. 1 (2001): 15-32. /HOL/Page?collection=journals&handle=hein.journals/pepplr29&id=25.Rochlin, James F. “Latin America’s Left Turn and the New Strategic Landscape: The Case of Bolivia.”Third World Quarterly 28, no. 7 (2007): 1327-42. doi:10.1080/01436590701591838. Comments ▪If a print journal article is cited, the citation is the same as for an online article except that there will be no URL or DOI.▪In a note refer to the exact page(s) being cited. In the bibliography provide the entire page range of the article.▪If a DOI is available, it is preferable to a URL. If using a URL, look for the most stable link available, which may not be the link in your I nternet browser’s address bar.▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. Include the access date information in thefollowing format and place it before the doi or URL: Accessed September 27, 2010. Secondary Source - “Citation within a citation” (14.273 / p. 764)Note In this example, de Beauvoir’s book is referenced in Butler’s journal article:8. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (New York: Vintage, 1974), 38, quoted in JudithButler, “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminis tTheory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1988): 519, doi:10.2307/j100575.In this example, Zukofsky’s article is referenced in Costello’s book:9. Louis Zukofsky, “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269, quoted inBonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions (Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1981), 78.Bibliography de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage, 1974. Quoted in Judith Butler.“Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and FeministTheory,” Theatre Journal 40, no. 4 (December 1988): 519-31. doi:10.2307/j100575.Zukofsky, Louis. “Sincerity and Objectification,” Poetry 37 (February 1931): 269. Quoted in Bonnie Costello, Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1981.Comments ▪Chicago generally discourages secondary citations as the author is “expected to have examined the works they cite.”▪ A short note example is not provided, as secondary sources should be cited fully in notes. Encyclopedia / Dictionary Entry – Online and Print (14.247-14.248 / p. 755-756)Note 10. Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “power”, accessed May 30, 2011,/.11. Encyclopedia of Homelessness, s.v. “Canada,” by Gerald Daly, accessed November 17,2010, /ps/i.do?id=GALE|CX3452400028&v=2.1&u=ubcolumbia&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w.12. Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., s.v. “beautiful.”13. Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, by Carl Cavanagh Hodge, (Westport, CT:Greenwood Press, 2008), s.v. “Dost Muhammad Khan (1793-1863).”Short Note 10. Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. “power.”11. Encyclopedia of Homelessness, s.v. “Canada.”Bibliography Daly, Gerald. “Canada.” In Encyclopedia of Homelessness, edited by David Levinson. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference, 2004. Accessed November 17, 2010. /ps/i.do?id=GALE|5DVM&v=2.1&u=ubcolumbia&it=aboutBook&p=GVRL&sw=w.Hodge, Carl Cavanagh. “Dost Muhammad Khan (1793-1863).” In Encyclopedia of the Age ofImperialism, edited by Carl Cavanagh Hodge. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2008. Comments ▪Well-known reference works are usually cited only in notes and not the bibliography. In a note, the edition is specified but not the publication details (See examples: #10 and 12). Referenceworks that are not well known are cited in both places (See examples: #11 and 13).▪Online reference works are subject to continuous updates. As such, Chicago recommends always including an access date in addition to the DOI or URL.▪ A DOI is preferred for online works. If there is no DOI, include the full stable URL.▪The abbreviation ‘s.v.’(sub verbo, Latin for “under the word”) is used in works arranged by alphabetical order instead of volume or page number. Place ‘s.v’ in front of the entry/wordthat you are citing.▪In notes: the abbreviation ‘s.v.’ is placed near the beginning of an o nline citation and near the end of a print citation (See examples: #11 and #13).Magazine Article – Online and Print (14.199-14.202 / p. 738-739)Note 14. Erin Biba, “Amber Ale: Brewing Beer from 45-Million-Year-Old Yeast,” Wired Magazine, August 17, 2009, /science/discoveries/magazine/17-08/ff_primordial_yeast.15. Timothy Taylor, “Showdown on Scott Road,” The Walrus, September 2009, 30.Short Note 14. Biba, “Amber Ale.”15. Taylor, “Showdown on Scott,” 30.Bibliography Biba, Erin. “Amber Ale: Brewing Beer from 45-Million-Year-Old Yeast.” Wired Magazine, August 17, 2009. /science/discoveries/magazine/17-8/ff_primordial_yeast.Taylor, Timothy. “Showdown on Scott Road.” The Walrus, September 2009, 30-37.Comments ▪If a print magazine article is cited, the citation is the same as for an online article except that there will be no URL or DOI.▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. See the Journal Article example in thisguide for details on where to place the access date and DOI or URL.▪Weekly or monthly magazines are cited by date only, not by volume/issue number.▪ A DOI is preferred for online works. If there is no DOI, include the full stable URL. Newspaper Article – Online and Print (14.203-14.213 / p. 739-742)Note 16. Globe and Mail, “The End of the Beginning,” August 24, 2009,/pqdweb?did=1843066511&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD17. Jason Luciw, “UBCO Continues to Evolve,” Kelowna Capital News, August 23, 2009,/pqdweb?did=1843074861&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD.Short Note 16. Globe and Mail, “End of the Beginning.”17. Luciw, “UBCO Continues.”Bibliography Globe and Mail. “The End of the Beginning.” August 24, 2009, /pqdweb?did=1843066511&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD Luciw, Jason. “UBCO Continues to Evolve.” Kelowna Capital News, August 23, 2009./pqdweb?did=1843074861&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=6993&RQT=309&VName=PQD.Comments ▪Citations for print and online newspapers are identical except for the addition of the URL in the citation of an online paper.▪Newspapers are produced in many editions and formats and page numbers are not required.▪If no author is listed, the newspaper title should be used in its place (See example #17).▪Chicago does not require an access date for electronic sources. However, certaindisciplines/professors may require this information. Include the access date information in thefollowing format and place it before the URL: Accessed September 27, 2010.Thesis / Dissertation(14.224 / p. 746-747)Note 18. Stanley Arthur Copp, “Similkameen Archeology (1993-2004)” (PhD diss. Simon Fraser University, 2006), 302-10, ProQuest (AAT NR29354).19. Vida Yakong, “Rural Ghanaian Women's Experience of Seeking Reproductive HealthCare” (master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008, 27, /2429/3805. Short Note 18. Copp, “Similkameen,” 302-10.19. Yakong, “Rural Ghanaian,” 27-29.Bibliography Copp, Stanley Arthur. “Similkameen Archeology (1993-2004).” PhD diss., Simon Fraser University, 2006. ProQuest (AAT NR29354).Yakong, Vida. “Rural Ghanaian Women's Experience of Seeking Reproductive Health Care.”Master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. /2429/3805. Comments ▪For dissertations on microfilm see 14.120. For published abstracts of dissertations see 14.197. Film / Film Scene / Online Video (14.279 / p. 768-769)Note 20. “Fallacies of Hope,” Civilization, directed by Michael Gill, narrated by Kenneth Clark (London: BBC, 1996), streaming video, /view/883243.21. Genocide in Me, directed by Araz Artinian (Montreal: InformAction/Twenty Voices,2005), DVD.22. “Great Plains,” Planet Earth, narrated by David Attenborough (London: BBC, 2006), DVD.23. Hans Rosling. “Hans Rosling Shows the Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen,” TED video, 19:53,filmed February 2006, posted June 2006, /talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html.24. “UBC Okanagan Creative Studies,” YouTube video, 3:02, posted by“TheQueenOfDiamonds,” November 4, 2008, /watch?v=GlQPvududgM. Bibliography “Fallacies of Hope.” Civilization. Directed by Michael Gill, narrated by Kenneth Clark. London: BBC, 1996. Streaming video. /view/883243.Genocide in Me. DVD. Directed by Araz Artinian. Montreal: InformAction/Twenty Voices, 2005.“Great Plains.” Planet Earth. DVD. Narrated by David Attenborough. London: BBC, 2006.Rosling, Hans. “Hans Rosling Shows the Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen.” Filmed February 2006. TED video, 19:53. Posted June 2006. /talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html.“UBC Okanagan Creative Studies.” YouTube video, 3:02. Posted by “TheQueenOfDiamonds,”November 4, 2008. /watch?v=GlQPvududgM.Comments ▪Indexed scenes are treated as chapters and cited by title or number (See Examples #21 & 24).▪For online multimedia, if no date can be determined from the source, include the date the material was last accessed.▪If the online version is a reproduction of an original performance, include the information about the original performance as well as online access (See p. 769 for examples).▪Providing a link to an online video is not sufficient; provide as full a citation as possible.▪ A short note example is not provided, as multimedia should be cited fully in notes.Website (14.243-14.246 / p. 752-754)Note 25. “Guide to Copyrights,” Canadian Intellectual Property Office, last modified September 20, 2009, accessed May 25, 2011, http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernetinternetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr02281.html.26. Barack Obama’s Facebook page, accessed November 22, 2010,/barackobama.27. Jack Layton, “My Commitment to You: Leadership You Can Trust To Give Your Family aBreak,” New Democratic Party of Canada, accessed April 17, 2011, http://www.ndp.ca/platform. Bibliography “Guide to Copyrights.” Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Las t modified September 20, 2009.Accessed May 25, 2011. http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/cipointernetinternetopic.nsf/eng/h_wr02281.html.Barack Obama’s Facebook page. Accessed November 22, 2010. /barackobama.Layton, Jack. “My Commitment to You: Leadership You Can Trust To Give Your Family a Break.”New Democratic Party of Canada. Accessed April 17, 2011. http://www.ndp.ca/platform. Comments ▪All attempts should be made to include the following: title of webpage, author of content, owner or sponsor of website, and the URL. If available, include the publication date. If no dateis available or if content is likely to change, include the access date.▪Chicago prefers for website references to be cited in notes. Discipline/Professor preferences may vary and bibliography examples have been provided.▪Include the date the website was last modified/revised, if that is provided on the website (See example #25). If the last modified date is not provided, use the access date (See example #26).▪ A short note example is not provided, as websites should be cited fully in notes and in the bibliography if required by discipline/professor.Images / Illustrations / Figures / Tables / Artwork (14.165 / p. 726 & 14.280 / p. 768-769)Note 28. Adam Jones, “Detail of Grave of Oskar Schindler - Old City - Jerusalem - Israel,”photograph, 2011, /photos/adam_jones/5676115255/.29. “A Patagonian W igwam,” print, 1869, reprinted from The Illustrated London News, Mid-Manhattan Library, /nypldigital/id?807422.30. Salvador Dali, “The Persistence of Memory,” painting, 1931, Museum of Modern Art,.Short Note 28. Jones, “Grave of Oskar Schindler,” photograph.29. “A Patagonian Wigwam,” print.30. Dali, “The Persistence of Memory,” painting.Bibliography Jones, Adam. “Detail of Grave of Oskar Schindler - Old City - Jerusalem - Israel.” Photograph. 2011./photos/adam_jones/5676115255/.“A Patagonian Wigwam.” Print. 1869. Reprinted from The Illustrated London News. Mid-Manhattan Library. /nypldigital/id?807422. [**file under P in bibliography] Dali, Salvador. “The Persistence of Memory.” Painting. 1931. Museum of Modern Art..Comments ▪Basic elements of “image” citation: Name of performer, artist, creator, author, “Title of Work,”indication of format/medium, running time (if applicable), publication date, URL or DOI.▪Citations to works published previously should also include the original citation information.▪The following words can be used to represent various “images” – cartoon, drawing, figure, graph, map, painting, photograph, portrait, table.▪If using Google Images or a similar website, click through to the original location of the image and create your citation based on that source.▪Providing a link to an online image is not sufficient; provide as full a citation as possible.E-mail Correspondence (14.222 / p. 745-746)Note 31. Jan Gattrell, e-mail message to author, June 21, 2011.Bibliography ▪Not applicable.Comments ▪References to conversations (in person, by letter, by e-mail) are generally referenced in text and in notes and are rarely included in the bibliography. For electronic mailing lists see 14.223.9 Blog (14.246 / p. 754)Note 32. Peggy Olive, “Is There a Cancer Threat from the Oil Sands Industry?,” Suzuki Elders (blog), April 19, 2011, /blogs/suzuki-elders/Bibliography Olive, Peggy. “Is There a Cancer Threat from the Oil Sands Industry?” Suzuki Elders (blog). April 19, 2011. /blogs/suzuki-elders/Comments ▪If the word blog is not part of the title of the blog, then add (blog) in brackets after the title.▪Blogs are normally cited only in the notes and not the bibliography.▪ A short note example is not provided, as blogs should be cited fully in notes and in the bibliography if required by discipline/professor.Course Sites (Connect) (Based on 14.224-14.231 / p. 746-748)Note 33. Jim Robinson, “Power Point Pre sentation for September 30, 2011,” PHIL 221 Connect Course Web site at UBC Okanagan, accessed November 26, 2011, https://connect.ubc.ca.Short Note 33. Robinson, “Power Point for September 30, 2011.”Bibliography Robinson, Jim. “Power Point Presentation for September 30, 2011.” PHIL 221 Connect Course Web site at UBC Okanagan. Accessed November 26, 2011. https://connect.ubc.ca. Comments ▪Course sites and other similar online resources are subject to continuous updates. It is recommended to include the access date and the URL.。
