新编英国文学选读(Lecture_2_Chaucer)

新编英国文学选读一、导言英国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，涵盖了广泛的作品和文化背景。

本文档将介绍一些英国文学的经典作品，从中选取了一些值得读者关注的作品进行推荐和解析，旨在帮助读者更好地了解和欣赏英国文学的魅力。

二、经典作家与作品1. 威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）作为英国文学的巨擘，莎士比亚的作品贡献不可估量。

他创作了许多著名的戏剧作品，如《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

这些作品揭示了人性的复杂性和命运的无常，给读者带来深刻的思考和感受。

2. 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）简·奥斯汀是英国文学史上最具影响力的女作家之一。

她的作品通常以描写中产阶级社会为主题，如《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。

奥斯汀的小说通过幽默细腻的笔触，刻画了不同人物之间的复杂情感和社会关系，深入剖析了当时社会的种种局限与偏见。

3. 查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯是维多利亚时代的重要作家，他的作品描写了工业革命时期英国的社会问题，如贫困、不公平和人性的黑暗面。

其中最著名的作品有《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。

狄更斯的作品具有鲜明的社会批判意义，通过丰富的人物和故事情节，展现了人性与社会的复杂关系。

4. 奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）王尔德是19世纪末英国文学的代表作家之一，他以其独特的幽默和讽刺风格著称。

他的作品通常涉及社会道德和性别角色的讨论，如《道林·格雷的画像》、《温夫人的扇子》等。

王尔德的作品充满了智慧和深意，常常引人深思。

三、推荐阅读的作品1. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）这是简·奥斯汀最著名的小说之一，以其幽默和独特的视角吸引了无数读者。

小说以英国乡村社会为背景，描绘了主人公伊丽莎白·班纳特在社交场合中遭遇的一系列困境和误会。

通过对婚姻制度和社会规范的讽刺，奥斯汀对当时社会的种种偏见和局限进行了批判，展示了女性的独立和智慧。

第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。

他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。

他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。

乔叟知识渊博。

他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。

他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。

Geoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales1. How is the setting of the tales described? With such a setting, could you predict the general tone of the tales?Early spring. General tone: happy, easy, lively, humorous.2. Character of the Knight?The knight displays many traits which make him seem almost too good to be true, and a true gentleman that rarely exists in reality. The knight holds four main admirable traits, making him the most liked traveler in "The Canterbury Tales," and also amplying the doubt of his realism. From the characters impressive introduction, it is clear that this man is the most valued and honorable traveler among the group. This perfect gentleman holds a love of ideals that are often not displayed by people. First and foremost, he believes in the ideals of chivalry, and always stays true to its principles. He also feels that one should be honest, truthful and faithful, which many people are not all of these ideals. The knight thinks one should only do what is right, and what will gain him honor and reputation. This character also believes in freedom and generosity towards all, and displays this ideal repeatedly throughout the novel. And lastly, the knight also strongly feels that any proper person should display courtesy and elegance at all times.Another aspect of this character's life which makes him seem too prestigious to be truthful is his impressive military career. He fought in the holy war, The knight obviously held a very respectable reputation, and was treated with much honor and respect. He was a perfect gentleman, showing kindness and understanding to everyone he came in contact with. The knight was extremely well-mannered, always being on his best behavior. His appearance was the "finishing touch," adding honor and integrity to his courageous and gentle spirit.This main character was clothed still in his armor, wearing a tunic of harsh cloth and his coat of mail is rust-stained, clearly showing remaining signs of past battles.Shakespeare Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback,. If he dies, Hamlet's can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet? Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bittersufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscover’d country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet. Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself . So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P131. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? (Page 14)The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer days are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. the poet"And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6) as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various aspects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die.At last two lines, the poet explains how the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike summer days. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13) the poem is outwardly a simple statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer.At last, the poet starts to praise that the beloved is so great and awing that sheis to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see, so long lives this and this gives life to thee.”(line 13、14) that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.2. What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer’s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referred to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “love” or “beauty” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.Francis BaconOf Marriage and Single Life P171. Is marriage an impediment or help to one’s career development?In the easy Of Marriage and Single life, Bacon prefers marriage to single life. He thinks “unmarried men are best friends; best masters; best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives are of that condition”, “Wives are young men’s mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men’s nurses”.I have to say his words can still be true today; I’m at his back, though many young people now choose to remain single no mater male or female. But since “3S ladies” or “overleft ladies” become the catch word, the female seems more terrible. Maybe because women are easier to get old but to men 30 is the gold ages of career development. For the main reasons of 3S ladies, some are high standard for husband; some are the further studying. For men, maybe they are fighting in business; maybe they are too bad to find a wife.Then we can see all the state of present marriage. Even though some say “marriage is the tomb of love”, I yet support marriage. Marriage and family make people more responsible and loving, make deeper love between spousesand make life more colorful.The ability to love and be loved is the most precious of gifts given to man, which should be highly treasured. Family let a man learn to care the whole unit. He has to take good care of his wife and son, love them, be responsible for them, all of which are the same to women. All these qualities are vital to anyone’s career. When you work back home, wife or husband is always the listener to you, son the warm heart to you. Spouses help each other and support each other; family is the harbor for soul. Thus it is help to one’s career development.2.Certainly, wife and children are “a kind of discipline of humanity”。

En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re a dingsDe ve lopm e nt of English Lite ra ture1 . Ea rly a n d M e die va l English lite ra ture ( -1 4 8 5 )2 . The English Re na is sa nce (15 5 0 -16 4 2 ? )3 . Th e 1 7 th Ce ntu ry –Th e Pe riod of Re volu t ion a n d Re stora t ion4 . The 1 8 th Ce ntu ry –T h e Age of Enlighte nm e nt5 . Th e Rom a ntic Pe riod (1 7 9 8 -1 8 3 2 )6 . Th e Victoria n Age (1 8 3 2 -1 9 0 1 )7 . Th e 2 0 th Ce n t u ry Lit e ra t u re –M o d e rn is m a n d Po s t- M o d e rn is mCha pte r 1 Ea rly a nd M e die va l En g lish lite ra ture一． Ep ic （史诗）A poe m th a t ce le bra te in the form of a co ntinu ous n a rra t ive the a chie ve m e nts of o ne or m ore he roic pe rsona ge s of history or t ra d it ion.Am ong the gre a t e pics of the w orld m a y be m e ntione d the Ilia d, Odysse y a nd Ae ne id of cla ssica l.Be ow ulf1 . H istorica l Ba ckgro u n d1)) Thre e Inva s ions:A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5B. C - 4 10 A. D)B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Pe riod)C.The Norm a n Conq u e st (The Anglo-Norm a n Pe riod)2)) Tw o W a rs:A.The Hundre d Ye a rs W a r (1 3 37 -1 4 5 3 )B.The W a r of th e Rose (1 4 5 5 -1 4 85 )a . Anglo-Sa xo n Poe t ry : Pa ga n(异教的） &Christia n Be ow ulf /w orks of Ca e d m on a nd Cy ne w u lf.b. Anglo-Norm a n Poe t ry : Rom a ncec.Poe try in Age of Cha u ce r：d.. Popula r Ba lla ds: Ba lla d s of Ro binHood 2 . 评价1） Be ow u lf is a n a t i o na l e pic（史诗） of English pe o ple .2） It is the re pre se nta t ive w ork of th e e a rly English lit e ra tu re w ith 3 0 00 lin e s .3 ） It s w rit e r is u nknow n.4 ） Be ow u lf is a folk le ge nd brou g ht to Engla nd by the Anglo Sa xon from the ir prim it ive Northe rn Eu rope .5 ） Be ow u lf w a s pa sse d do w n fro m m o uth to m outh.6 ）Be ow u lf w a s w rit te n dow n in the 1 0 t h ce n tu ry .3 . Ch a ra cte rs in th e s to ry :Be ow u lf: a ne p he w of king of Ge nts, a pe ople in De nm a rk.Hrothga r: king of De nm a rk.Gre nde l: a m onste r.She -m onste r(女妖怪 ): Gre nde l’s m othe r.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onste r.4. Ou t line o f Th e Son g o f Be o w u lfTe u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill the m onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the king of Scyldings (Sw e d e n) for 5 0 ye a rs.The n in orde r to ga in m ore tre a sure for his pe ople , h e fought ha rd w ith a fie ry fire dra ke a nd w a s d e a d ly w o und e d , e ve ntu a lly d ie d . His la st w ill w a s to a sk his pe ople to b u ild his to m b in to a be a con for the se a fa re rs w ho sa ile d a long the co a st.5. The w rit in g fe a tu re s o f Be o w u lf ?1 ） The m ost im porta nt is in a llit e ra t ive (头韵的 ) ve rse a nd in a rt is t ic form .Eg：Thus m a d e the ir m ourning the m e n of Ge a t la nd,Fo r th e ir h e ro ’s p a ssin g, h is h e a r th-co m p a n io n s2 ） An othe r is the fre q u e nt u se of m e ta p hors a nd unde rsta te m e nts(低调陈述 ) for ironica l hu m or.ring-give r: king he a rth-com pa nions: a t te nd a nt w a rriors w ha le ’s roa d : se a -w oo d:not t rou ble som e : ve ry w e ll二 Rom a nce （传奇）1 ．介绍1 ）T he lite r ature for the uppe r class2 ）A long composition in ve rse or prose , a bout knights—adve nture s3 ）S ubje ct matters: about the matte r of Britain, the mate r of Fra nce , the m atte r of Rome4 ）c onte nt :love chivalry a nd re ligion5 ）骑士精神：l oyalty,brave l y.hone s ty2 . 代表作1 ） King Arthur a nd His Knights of the Round Ta ble :the most importa nt roma nce of the pe riod 2）Sir Gawa in a nd the Gre e n Knight : The best Arthuria n rom ance , a nonymous, in a l lite rative ve rseIts chara cte rs : King Arthur, Sir Gawain, the Gre e n Knight三 Ba lla d（民谣）1 . A ba lla d is a story told in song, u sua lly in 4 -line sta nza s, w ith the2 nd a nd 4 th rhym e d .2 .The Su bje cts of English Ba lla ds1 ) stru ggle of you ng lo ve rs2 ) the conflict be tw e e n love a nd w e a lth3 ) the crue lty of je a lo usy4 ) the criticism of th e civil w a r5 ) the m a t t e rs of cla ss s t ru ggle3 .代表作Robin ho od ba lla ds四．Ge offre y Cha uce r1 . 评价1 ） Th e first gre a t English po e t2 ） Th e fa th e r of English poe t ry3 ） Th e re pre se nta t ive w rite r in the M e d ie va l English lit e ra tu re2 . C ha u ce r’s thre e lit e ra ry pe riod s :1 ） Th e first or th e Fre nch pe riod:The Rom a u nt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》 a t ra nsla t ion, po pu la r in M iddle a ge sThe Book of the Duche ss 《悼公爵夫人》 , the be st w ork of the t im e Cha uce r’s lite ra ry ca re e r2 ） Th e se cond or the It a lia n p e riod:Troilus a nd Crise yde 《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》a poe m of a love story3 ） The third or the English pe riod, his be st pe rio d :The Ca nte rbury Ta le s《坎特伯雷故事集》 , i s m a s te rpie ce a nd a re pre se nta t ive w orks of th e M id dle Age s.The Ca nte rbury Ta le s1. O u t lin eIt op e ns w ith a ge ne ra l prologu e w he re w e a re told of a com pa ny of pilgrim s , 3 2 one s th a t ga the re d a t Ta b a rd Inn in Sou th w a rk, a su bu rb of Londo n. The y a re on the ir w a y to the shrine of St. Thom a s Be cke t a t Ca nte rbu ry . Th e y se t ou t tog e the r w ith the jo lly innke e pe r, Ha rry Ba ily , w ho prop ose d tha t e a ch pilgrim sh ou ld te ll tw o t a le s on the w a y to Ca nte rbury a nd tw o m ore on the w a y ba ck. But , tota lly only 2 4 ta le s a re finishe d . The pilgrim s a re from va riou s pa rts of Engla nd, re pre se n ta t ive s of a ll w a lks of life a nd socia l grou ps, knigh ts, m onks, w id ow s a n d prie st e tc. His w ork show e d a strikingly brillia nt a nd pictu re sq u e pa nora m a of his t im e a nd his country.2. C h a u ce r’s la n g u a g e :1) His la ngu a ge is fu ll of hu m or a nd sa t ire .2) His la ngu a ge is vivid, e xa ct a nd sm o oth, a m a ste r of w ord-pictu re s .3) He is the first to u se h e roic co uple t w hich he introduce d from Fra nce .4)He is the first gre a t poe t w ho w rote in the English la ngu a g e , m a king the dia le ct of London the sta n d a rd for th e m ode rn English spe e ch.Ps:1 . W h a t is t h e “h e ro ic co u p le t ”?Th e h e roic cou ple t is a ve rse form in e pic poe try, w ith lin e s of te n sylla ble s a nd five stre sse s , in rhym ing pa irs .(英雄诗体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。

新编英国文学选读引言英国文学是世界文学的瑰宝之一，承载着英国人民的智慧和创造力。

自古以来，英国文学就以其丰富的文化内涵和卓越的艺术风格而闻名于世。

在新编英国文学选读中，我们将深入了解英国文学的丰富内涵和优秀代表作品。

第一章：英国文学的起源与发展英国文学的起源可以追溯到古代，当时的英国人依靠口头传统来传承知识和文化。

在这一章节中，我们将了解到古代英国文学的特点以及代表作品，如贝奥武夫和亚瑟王传说等。

同时，我们还将探讨英国文学是如何在中世纪和文艺复兴时期得以繁荣发展的。

第二章：伊丽莎白时代的文学伊丽莎白时代是英国文学史上的黄金时期，这个时期的文学作品多样且富有创造力。

莎士比亚是这个时期最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》等至今仍被广泛上演和研究。

此外，约翰·密尔顿的史诗《失乐园》也是这一时期的重要作品之一。

第三章：启蒙运动与浪漫主义的兴起18世纪，英国文学迎来了启蒙运动的兴起。

启蒙运动提倡理性和学问的重要性，对整个英国社会产生了深远的影响。

在这一时期，约翰·洛克的政治哲学著作《人类理解论》和亚当·斯密的经济学著作《国富论》等深刻地影响了欧洲社会的发展。

随后，浪漫主义成为了19世纪英国文学的主导风格。

浪漫主义作品强调情感和个体的力量，其中威廉·华兹华斯的《世界上最后一朵野玫瑰》、塞缪尔·柯勒律治的《抒情诗集》等都是经典之作。

浪漫主义的影响也延续到了维多利亚时代。

第四章：维多利亚时代的文学维多利亚时代是英国文学史上一个重要的时期，这一时期的文学作品反映了当时社会的变革和发展。

查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》是维多利亚时代最具影响力的小说之一，透露出社会阶级问题和工业化带来的人道困境。

同时，勃朗特姐妹的《呼啸山庄》和《简爱》也是这一时期的经典之作。

第五章：现代主义与当代英国文学20世纪初，现代主义运动的兴起对英国文学产生了巨大影响。

代表性作品如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《至灵阁》、T·S·艾略特的《荒原》等，都是现代主义文学中的杰作。

Lecture 2 English & American Literature◆Old and Medieval English Literature（8th century—14th century）中古英国文学1.Old English ---language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons, which is the foundation of Englishlanguage and literature.2.Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》—the most impressive long poem (3000 lines). A heroic Scandinavianepic legend. Pagan heroism. 异教英雄主义3.Prose WritersVenerable Bede 比德—Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum英吉利人教会史Alfred the Great 阿尔弗烈德大帝—father of English ProseAnglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史4. Romances传奇故事---the prevailing form of literature in the Middle ages. A longcomposition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The Gawain poet –Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》5.Geoffrey Chaucer (杰弗里.乔叟)The father of modern English poetryThe 14th century is called ―Age of Chaucer‖His works:The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》—a collection of stories told by pilgrims. It is influenced by Boccaccio’s Decameron (薄伽丘的《十日谈》)英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》The House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Criseyde《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》6.William Langland (威廉.兰格伦)The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》—in the form of dream vision7.The 15th Ballads 民歌，民谣The Robin Hood Ballads 罗宾汉民谣集8.Thomas Malory 托马斯.马洛里–Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》◆The Renaissance Period (14th century- Mid 17th century) 文艺复兴时期1.Renaissance—originated in Italy. Humanism became the keynote of this period.2.The real main stream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama.3.English poetsa)Thomas Wyatt 怀亚特The most interesting poet of the first half of 16th centuryb)Henry Howard 亨利.霍华德c)Sir Philip Sidney 菲利普.雪尼爵士i.Arcadia 阿卡狄亚ii.Astrophel and Stella阿斯特罗菲尔与斯特拉iii.Defense of Poetry为诗辩护d)Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙. 斯宾塞The poets’ poetHis worksThe Faerie Queen《仙后》—the glory of the Queen Elizabeth, in the form ofallegory 《寓言》The Shepherd Calendar《牧羊人日志》Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗体—a nine-line verse stanza (ababbcbcc)4.English prose1)Thomas More 莫尔–Utopia乌托邦2)John Lyly 约翰.黎里—Euphuism 夸饰文体（abundant use of balanced sentences,alliterations, and other artificial prosodic means; the use of odd similes and comparisons）3)Francis Bacon培根the trumpeter of a new age (in the transition from late Middle Ages to modern Europe)England’s first essayistHis essays: Of Studies, Of Travel, Of Wisdom5.English dramaChristopher Marlowe 马洛The greatest playwright before Shakespeare and the most gifted of the ―University Wits‖His play: The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》First made blank verse the principle instrument of English drama.6.William Shakespeare 莎士比亚Born in Stratford-on-Avon in 1564His comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》The Twelfth Night《第十二夜》His tragedies:Romeo and JulietHamlet—To be or not to be; the summit of ShakespeareOthelloKing LearMacbethThe TempestHis historical plays:Henry IVHenry VOne of the founders of realism in English literatureHis sonnets7.Ben Johnson 本.琼森The most important dramatist of many successors of ShakespeareV olpone《狐狸》—satirical comedy◆17世纪英国文学1.literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)—the main literary form is poetry1)The Metaphysical poets 玄学派诗人John Donne 约翰.多恩—the founder of the Metaphysical SchoolHis masterpiece: A Valediction: Forbiding Mourning《临别辞：莫悲伤》 George Herbert 乔治.赫伯特—the ―saint of the Metaphysical School‖2)The Cavalier poets（骑士）3)John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿Paradise Lost—the greatest English epic 《失乐园》God & SatanSamson Agonistes《力士参孙》Paradise Regained《复乐园》4)John Bunyan 约翰.班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》Known for his simple and lively prose style2.literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)John Dryden 约翰.德莱顿the founder of the heroic couplet 英雄史诗式两行诗England’s poet laureate 英国桂冠诗人The representative of English classicism◆18世纪英国文学1.the main literary stream of this century was Realism2.Enlightenment启蒙运动—the intellectual movement through Western Europe; the struggleof the bourgeoisie against feudalism3.Neo-Classicim in English literature 新古典主义1）writers of this school: Addison, Steel, and Pope2）important writers and literary worksAlexander Pope亚历山大.蒲伯An Essay on Criticism《论批评》The Rape of the Lock 《夺发记》Essay on Man《论人类》Richard SteeleThe periodicals The Tattler《闲谈者报》(the founder) and The Spectator《旁观者报》—Steel and Addison’s chief contributionSamuel Johnson—grand champion in literature of that ageThe Dictionary of the English Language 《英语字典》The Lives of English Poets《诗人传》4.English Novelists of Realistic Tradition1）Daniel Defoe丹尼尔.笛福The discoverer of the modern novel“Father of English and European novels.‖Robinson Cruisoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》—represent the rising of the English bourgeoisie2）Jonathan Swift乔纳森.斯威夫特A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》Gulliver’s Travels《格利佛游记》—travel to the island of Liliput, Brobdingnagians and Houyhnhnms3）Henry Fielding亨利.菲尔丁The greatest novelist of the 18th centuryThe founder of English realistic novelsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling《弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事》—Mr.Allworthy4）Tobias George Smollett 托比亚斯.斯摩莱特.乔治（以冒险小说著称）5.English Novelists of Sentimental Tradition1）Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森2）Laurence Sterne 劳伦斯.斯特恩The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy《项狄传》3）Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗.戈德史密斯The Deserted Village—his poem 《荒村》The Vicar of Wakefield 《威克菲尔德的牧师》6.Poetry of the Pre-Romanticism and Sentimentalism1）Romanticism2）Sentimentalism 感情主义3）Important writersJames Thomson詹姆斯. 汤姆森-- The Seasons《季节》Edward Young 爱德华.杨William Collins 威廉.柯林斯His best known ode is Ode to Evening《晚颂》Thomas Gray 格雷.托马斯Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓园挽歌》4）William Blake 威廉.布莱克浪漫主义诗人Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》5）Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯A Red, Red Rose《红红的玫瑰》Auld Lang Syne《旧日美好时光》The greatest songwriter in the worldThe people’s poet, the national poet of Scotland7.DramaRichard Brinsley Sheridan 谢立丹The greatest playwright of the centuryThe Rivals《情敌》The School for Scandal《造谣学校》a comedy◆浪漫主义时期文学Romanticism1.General introduction (1798—1832)The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the beginningthe death of the last romantic writer Walter Scott marked the endit is the age of poetryWordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats2.Romantic poets of the First Generation1）William Wordsworth 华兹华斯―Poet Laureate‖桂冠诗人Lyrical Ballads 《抒情歌谣集》the joint work of Wordsworth and ColeridgeBest-known poems in Lyrical Ballads: Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey《丁登寺旁》，Lines Written in Early Spring《早春》Other famous poems: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 《我似流云天自游》&The Solitary Reaper《孤独的麦女》Famous longer poem : The Prelude《序曲》2）Samuel Taylor ColeridgeThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》Christabel 《克里斯特贝尔》3）Lakers or Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Robert Southey（骚赛）3.Romantic Poets of the Second Generation1）George Gorden Byron拜伦Lyrical poems:She Walks in Beauty《她走在美的光影里》When We Two Parted《昔日依依别》Hebrew Melodies《希伯莱歌曲》Long poems:Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德.哈罗尔德游记》Don Juan《唐璜》masterpiece2）Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》masterpieceHis odes: Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》—If Winter comes, can spring be far behind?To a Skylark 《云雀颂》3）John Keats济慈Ode is his main form of poetryOde to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂》Ode to Autumn 《秋颂》4.Prose writers of the Romantic Age1）Charles Lamb 兰姆Tales from Shakespeare《莎士比亚故事集》Old China《古旧的瓷器》His striking feature is humor2）William Hazlitt 哈兹利特The Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays《莎士比亚戏剧中的人物》Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Queen Elizabeth《伊丽莎白时期的戏剧》Lectures on the English Poets《英国诗人》all the above are critical worksHis essays: My First Acquaintance with Poets《我与诗人的第一次接触》& On Goinga Journey《论出游》5.English Fiction in the Romantic Age1）Walter Scott 司各特Waverley 《威弗利》Rob Roy《罗布.罗伊》Ivanhoe《艾.凡赫》His death marked the transition from Romanticism to Realism2）Jane Austen 奥斯丁The first English woman novelistPride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》Emma《爱玛》◆维多利亚时期文学1. General introduction1）a new literary trend—Critical Realism2）the main form—novels (Charles Dickens)3.Critical Realist novelists in Victorian Age1)Charles Dickens 狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特《雾都孤儿》;American Notes美国札记Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectatio n远大前程2)William Makepeace Thackeray 萨克雷Vanity Fai r名利场The title of the novel is taken from Bunyan’s Pilgrim Progress 3）The Bronte Sisters 勃朗特姐妹a)Charles Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特Jane Eyre简爱Shirley雪丽b)Emily Bronte 艾米丽. 勃朗特Wuthering Height呼啸山庄c)Anne Bronte 安妮. 勃朗特Agones Gre y艾格尼斯·格雷4）(Mrs.) Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔Mary Barton玛丽·巴顿—his masterpieceRuth露斯;Cranford克兰弗德;North and South北与南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传5）George Eliot爱略特, 女作家Adam Bede亚当·贝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marne r织工马南6）Thomas Hardy哈代His novels –Wessex novelsUnder the Greenwood Tree绿茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd远离尘嚣;The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德7）Samuel Butler勃特勒The Way of All Flesh如此人生《众生之路》4.Victorian poetry—Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning are the representatives1）Alfred Tennyson丁尼生—the greatest poet in this periodThe Pricess 公主;In Memoriam H H 悼念哈拉姆;Maud 莫德;Enoch Arden 伊诺克·阿登;Idylls of the King 国王之歌名诗：Ulysses;Break,Break,Break拍岸曲2）Robert Browning 勃朗宁Men and Women男男女女His main works: My Last Duchess我的前公爵夫人Meeting at Night夜间相会His contribution to poetry: his dramatic monologue5.Victorian prose1）Thomas Carlyle卡莱尔The French Revolutio n; 法国革命Heroes and Hero-worship论英雄与英雄崇拜2）John Ruskin 罗斯金作家和艺术批评家Modern Painters《近代画家》The Seven Lamps of Architecture《建筑的七盏明灯》Unto this Last《给那后来的》Sesame and Lilies《芝麻与百合》3）Matthew Arnold 阿诺德Dover Beach《多弗尔海滩》6.Working Class Literature in the 19th century1）Ernest Jones 琼斯—the greatest of the Chartist poets宪章派诗人2）William Morris莫里斯Novels: A Dream of John Ball梦见给翰·保尔;News from Nowhere乌有乡消息Poems: The Earthly Paradise地上乐园; Pilgrims of Hop e希望的探求者7.Literary Trend at the end of the 19th century1）Important termsa)Naturalism 自然主义–to develop out of realism; greatly influenced by Darwin’sbiological theories; Emile Zola 左拉（法）& George Gissing（吉辛）are therepresentativesb)New-romanticism 新浪漫主义–be against the idea that life reflects life reality.Stevensen史蒂文森is the representativec)Aestheticism 唯美主义—art is self-sufficient and has no reference to lifed)Decadence 颓废派文艺—the opposition of the democratic and socialist ideals. ―Artfor art’s sake‖Oscar Wilde is the representative2）Important writersOscar Wilde王尔德The Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像a typical decadent novelThe Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子—童话◆现代时期英国文学1.John Galworthy高尔斯华绥The winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1932His masterpiece-- The Forsyte Saga福赛特家史（The Man of Property有产业的人;In Chancery骑虎难下;To Let出租）2.George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳The greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th centuryWidoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的门徒;Man and Superman人与超人;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion 皮革马利翁（卖花女）;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车3.William. Bulter Yeats叶芝Byzantium驶向拜占庭The Second Coming基督再临Leda and the Swan丽达及天鹅He won the Nobel Prize in 19234.Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特The Waste Land荒原Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三Four Quartets四个四重奏A merican--British5.David Herbert Lawrence劳伦斯T he White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers儿子与情人—semi-autographical;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love恋爱中的妇女;Lady Chatterley’s Love r查泰莱夫人的情人6.James Joyce乔伊斯Dubiners都柏林人长篇小说：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wak e芬尼根的觉醒The stream of consciousness7.Virginia Woolf沃尔芙Mrs Dalloway达洛威夫人To the Lighthouse到灯塔去The Waves浪Orlando奥兰多传A Room of One’s Own自己的房间;Three Guineas三个基尼亚—classics of thefeminist movement 女权运动8.William Golding戈尔丁Lord of the Flies蝇王9.Robert Tressell 屈赛尔The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists《穿着破裤子的慈善家》10.John James Osborne 詹姆斯奥斯本Look Back in Anger愤怒的回顾11.Samuel Beckett 贝克特Waiting for Godot等待戈多。