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5．沃尔特·惠特曼(Walt Whitman 1819-1892)惠特曼是19世纪美国杰出的民主主义诗人，被公认为是美国的“诗歌之父”。
1819年，惠特曼生于现今长岛。
1823年，惠特曼一家移居到纽约布鲁克林区。
惠特曼只上了6年学，基本上是自学的，他特别喜欢读霍默、但丁和莎士比亚的作品。
在做了两年学徒以后，惠特曼搬到纽约市。
1835年，他返回长岛，在一所乡村学校执教。
1838年至1839年期间，他办了一份叫做《长岛人》的报纸。
他一直教书直到1841年，之后他回到纽约并当了一名记者。
他也在一些主流杂志上担任自由撰稿人，或发表政治演讲。
19世纪40年代是惠特曼长期工作的第一个收获期：1841年他出版了一些短篇故事，一年后他在纽约出版了小说《富兰克林·埃文斯》（Franklin Evans）。
第一版的《草叶集》（Leaves of Grass）出版于1855年，由12篇长篇无标题的诗组成。
一年后，在《草叶集》的第二版，连同爱默生的祝贺信一同被出版。
第二版有20组诗。
惠特曼于1892年3月26日逝世，他被安葬在哈利公墓（Harleigh），在他自己设计的墓碑下面。
许多现代诗人，不论是苏联的马雅可夫斯基，还是智利的聂鲁达，或者是西班牙的洛尔伽，还是中国的郭沫若，都在一定程度上受过惠特曼（1819-1892）的影响。
《草叶集》简介《草叶集》是惠特曼的诗歌总集。
他所以给自己诗集取名为《草名集》，其寓意是在于“草叶”随处生长，最富有生命力。
它象征着普通人，也象征着发展中的美国。
同时，“草叶”也象征惠特曼自己关于民主、自由的理会想和希望。
《草叶集》具有沈郁郁的理想色彩。
由于惠特曼对于处在上升时期的美国寄托着光明的希望。
因此，他认为未来的美国，是“民主的大地”、“友爱的城池”，没有奴隶制，而总统、市长“只是有报酬的雇佣人”。
由于对民主、自由的向往，他与1848年欧洲人民的革命斗争相呼应，激烈地反对惨无人道的蓄奴制度，歌颂为实现进步的理想而斗争的人们。
惠特曼英文简介沃尔特·惠特曼，美国著名诗人、人文主义者，他创造了诗歌的自由体，下面是店铺为你整理的惠特曼英文简介，希望对你有用!沃尔特·惠特曼简介Walt Whitman (Walt Whitman, May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was born in Long Island, New York, a famous American poet, humanist, who created the free body of poetry ), Its representative works are poems "grass leaves set".沃尔特·惠特曼生平简介BornPoet. May 31, 1819 was born in Long Island. The father was farming, and the poor moved to Brooklyn, working as a carpenter and building a house. He was interested in the imagination of the socialist thinker and the composer of the democratic thinker, Paine. Whitman studied in public schools, served as rural teachers; childhood also had a messenger, learned typography. Later in the newspaper work, has become editor. He likes to wander, meditate, and enjoy the beauty of nature; but he prefers the city and the streets, like opera, dance, speech, like reading Homer, Greek tragedy and Dante, Shakespeare's works. From February 1846 to January 1848, he was editor of the "Brooklyn Eagle". In 1848 went to New Orleans to edit the newspaper and soon returned to Brooklyn. After five or six years, he helped the old father to build a house, operating a small bookstore, a small printing factory, free to loose, free to wander; and teenager, enjoy and boatman, navigator, coachman, mechanic, fisherman , Handyman, etc. make friends.Grass set1855 "grass leaves set" the first version of the advent of atotal of 12 poems, and finally out of the 9th edition of a total of 383 poems. One of the longest one, that is later known as the "song of their own" that poem. A total of 1336 lines. The content of this poem almost includes the author's main thought of his life, is one of the most important poems of the author. The poem has repeatedly mentioned the grass leaves: grass leaves symbolize all ordinary, ordinary things and ordinary ordinary people. This epic poetry is universally cold, and only Emerson wrote a warm letter to the poet. Whitman received great encouragement from this letter."Grass set" is the most important work of Whitman poetry, named after the concentration of such a poem: "Where there is soil, where there is water, where the long grass." Poems in the poems like the United States The earth's grass, vibrant and exudes attractive aroma. They are world famous masterpiece, created a new era of American national poetry. The author has bold innovation in the form of poetry, created the "free body" of the poetic form, breaking the traditional poetry of the law, to break the sentence as the basis of rhythm, the rhythm of free and unrestrained, Wang Yang unrestrained, Shu volume freely, with blew of momentum and no Not the capacity of the package.1856, the second edition of "grass leaves set" published a total of 32 poems. "All the way through the Brooklyn ferry" is one of the poet's best works. In addition, "the song", "song of the road" is also famous.In 1859, "Saturday Weekly" published on the Christmas number of Whitman's excellent lyrics "from the never-ending swing in the cradle", this is a love and death of the carol. The next year should be a publication of Boston, please print the "grass leaves set" version 3, this poem is the first "official publication".There are 124 new poems, including "from the never-ending swing cradle" and three groups were named "song of democracy", "Adam's descendants", "reed" poetry.War eraDuring the Civil War, Whitman, as a firm democratic fighter, showed his deep humanitarian character. When the war intensified, he took the initiative to Washington to serve as a nurse, all day care and injury of the soldiers, resulting in serious damage to health. His life is very hard, by copying the date, the money saved in the sick and wounded. He served as a nurse for nearly two years, approaching about 100,000 soldiers, and many later kept in touch with him.Postwar lifeAfter the war, Whitman was appointed as a small staff member of the Indian Affairs Office of the Ministry of the Interior. Soon the minister found that he was the author of the "Grass Leaf Set" and dismissed him; he later served in the office of the Minister of Justice for eight years. As a result of the exercise in the civil war, increased experience, political thought has also been improved, his creation has entered a new stage. In 1865, Whitman in New York at their own expense printed his poems in the late civil war "桴 drum set", which received a total of 53 new poems. A few months later he published a sequel, including the memorial Lincoln's famous "recently lilac in the courtyard when the open."沃尔特·惠特曼作品出版情况In 1867 the "grass leaves set" fourth edition only eight new poems, but the income of the "drum set" and its sequel. It is worth noting that the long article published in 1871 "democratic vision", it summed up the author's literary and political ideas.The fifth edition of the "Grass Leaf Set" was printed once in 1871 and 1872.The first income of 13 new poems, the second income general critics recognized as the poet's last important long poem "Road to India" and a few new poems. In January 1873 Whitman was suffering from paralysis, writing ability from also depressed. But his optimism, love and sensitivity to life, his ideal of democracy, or so to death. His old age depressed unsuccessful, in addition to the preparation of several versions, and occasionally write some poetry. In 1876, the 6th edition of the "Grass Leaves" was published to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. This is a collection of essays, including the two volumes, the first volume of the fifth edition of the content, the second volume he named "two streams", including prose, 18 new poems, "leading to India Road "and poems, poems tend to abstract. The text of the seventh edition (1881-1882) of the "Grass Leaf Set", the title of each poem and the order of the arrangement, have been finalized, and this edition has received 20 new poems. Whitman continued to write poetry until his death in 1892.In 1882 the poet published his essay collection "Typical Days", which included the "democratic vision" article. Published in 1888, "November", the income of 62 new poems and some articles, concentrated poems later income "grass leaves set" 8th edition (1889), and become "poem". In 1891 Philadelphia's publisher published Whitman's new work "Goodbye, my fantasy", where the poem became "grass leaves" and "poem". "9" (1892), including "poem", "seventy years" and "attached poem two" "goodbye, my fantasy." Poet after the death of the poem "Elderly echo", as "with poetry". See 1897 to 1898 published collection,after the collection of the whole collection also income. After 1898 the universal collection, is the so-called "dying version", that is published in 1892 edition 9."Flying in freedom and strength" was incorporated into the second edition of the first semester of the seventh edition of the seventh edition.。
Walt Whitman (1819 - 1892)Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, on the West Hills of Long Island, New York. His mother, Louisa Van Velsor, of Dutch descent and Quaker faith, whom he adored, was barely literate. She never read his poetry, but gave him unconditional love. His father of English lineage, was a carpenter and builder of houses, and a stern disciplinarian. His main claim to fame was his friendship with Tom Paine, whose pamphlet mon Sense (1776), urging the colonists to throw off English domination was in his sparse library. It is doubtful that his father read any of his son's poetry, or would have understood it if he had. The senior Walt was too burdened with the struggle to support his ever-growing family of nine children, four of whom were handicapped.Young Walt, the second of nine, was withdrawn from public school at the age of eleven to help support the family. At the age of twelve he started to learn the printer's trade, and fell in love with the written and printed word. He was mainly self-taught. He read voraciously, and became acquainted with Homer, Dante, Shakespeare and Scott early in life. He knew the Bible thoroughly, and as a God-intoxicated poet, desired to inaugurate a religion uniting all of humanity in bonds of friendship.In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as an innovative teacher in the one-room school houses of Long Island. He permitted his students to call him by his first name, and devised learning games for them in arithmetic and spelling. He continued to teach school until 1841, when he turned to journalism as a full-time career. He soon became editor for a number of Brooklyn and New York papers. From 1846 to 1847 Whitman was the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Whitman went to NewOrleans in 1848, where he was editor for a brief time of the "New Orleans Crescent". In that city he had bee fascinated with the French language. Many of his poems contain words of French derivation. It was in New Orleans that he experienced at first hand the viciousness of slavery in the slave markets of that city.On his return to Brooklyn in the fall of 1848, he founded a "free soil" newspaper, the "Brooklyn Freeman". Between 1848 and 1855 he developed the style of poetry that so astonished Ralph Waldo Emerson. When the poet's Leaves Of Grass reached him as a gift in July, 1855, the Dean of American Letters thanked him for "the wonderful gift" and said that he rubbed his eyes a little "to see if the sunbeam was no illusion." Walt Whitman had been unknown to Emerson prior to that occasion. The "sunbeam" that illuminated a great deal of Whitman's poetry was Music. It was one of the major sources of his inspiration. Many of his four hundred poems contain musical terms, names of instruments, and names of posers. He insisted that music was "greater than wealth, greater than buildings, ships, religions, paintings." In his final essay written one year before his death in 1891, he sums up his struggles of thirty years to write Leaves of Grass. The opening paragraph of his self-evaluation "A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Road," begins with his reminiscences of "the best of songs heard." His concluding ments again return to thoughts about music, saying that "the strongest and sweetest songs remain yet to be sung.""When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed" and "O Captain! My Captain!" (1866) are two of his more famous poems. A poet who was ardently singing on life and himself, Whitman is today claimed as one of the few truly great American men of letters.。
