1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
When it comes to evaluating an invention in English,one must consider several aspects such as its originality,practicality,impact on society,and the potential for future development.Here is a detailed approach to writing an English essay that highly praises an invention:Title:The Marvel of Innovation:A Tribute to a Groundbreaking InventionIntroduction:Begin by introducing the invention and setting the context for its importance.Mention the era in which it was created and the challenges it was designed to overcome.Paragraph1:The Inventors VisionDiscuss the inventors foresight and the inspiration behind the creation of the invention. Highlight the inventors dedication and the process of bringing the idea to life.Paragraph2:Originality and InnovationElaborate on the unique features of the invention that set it apart from existing solutions. Explain how the invention has revolutionized its respective field or industry. Paragraph3:Practicality and UtilityDescribe the practical applications of the invention and how it simplifies or improves daily life.Provide examples of how the invention is used in various settings,demonstrating its versatility.Paragraph4:Societal ImpactDiscuss the positive effects the invention has had on society,such as improving quality of life,promoting sustainability,or advancing scientific understanding.Include statistics or testimonials that support the positive impact.Paragraph5:Technological Advancements and Future ProspectsExplore the technological advancements that the invention has inspired or facilitated. Speculate on the potential future developments and how the invention could evolve or be integrated into new technologies.Paragraph6:Challenges and Overcoming ObstaclesAddress any challenges or criticisms the invention may have faced and how they were overcome.Discuss the resilience and adaptability of the inventor and the invention itself.Conclusion:Summarize the key points made in the essay,reinforcing the high regard for the invention.Conclude with a forwardlooking statement about the inventions enduring legacy and its potential to continue shaping the future.Word Choice and Style:Use positive and impactful language to convey admiration for the invention. Employ a variety of sentence structures to maintain reader interest and emphasize the inventions significance.Citations and References:Include citations for any data,quotes,or specific examples used in the essay to ensure credibility and accuracy.By following this structured approach,your English essay will not only highlight the merits of the invention but also engage readers in appreciating its profound impact on the world.。
新探索研究生英语(提高级)unit4全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unit 4 of the Advanced Graduate English course, "Exploring New Research," focuses on introducing students to advanced research methodologies and techniques. This unit explores various aspects of conducting academic research, such as formulating research questions, developing research designs, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting research findings.One of the key topics covered in this unit is the importance of literature reviews in the research process. Students learn how to conduct comprehensive literature reviews to identify gaps in existing research, develop research questions, and situate their own research within the broader academic discourse. They also learn how to critically evaluate and synthesize existing research to build a strong theoretical foundation for their own studies.The unit also covers various research methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative research methods. Students learn how to design research studies, select appropriate research methods, and collect and analyze data.They also learn how to interpret research findings and draw meaningful conclusions from their research.In addition, the unit covers ethical considerations in research, such as protecting participants' rights, ensuring confidentiality, and obtaining informed consent. Students learn about the ethical guidelines and principles that govern research in their field and how to conduct research in an ethical and responsible manner.Overall, Unit 4 of the Advanced Graduate English course provides students with the knowledge and skills they need to conduct high-quality research in their field. By the end of the unit, students will have a solid understanding of research methodologies and techniques and be able to apply these skills to their own research projects.篇2Unit 4 of "New Explorations: Advanced Graduate English" focuses on the theme of globalization and its impacts on various aspects of society. The unit covers topics such as cultural diversity, global economy, and environmental sustainability. Through reading materials, discussions, and assignments,students are encouraged to critically examine the effects of globalization on both the local and global levels.One key aspect of globalization discussed in this unit is the cultural exchange and integration that occurs as a result of increased communication and travel. Students are tasked with researching how globalization has led to the spread of various cultural practices, beliefs, and values across different regions of the world. They are also asked to reflect on the potential benefits and challenges of cultural globalization, such as the preservation of local cultures and the emergence of a globalized culture.Another important topic covered in this unit is the impact of globalization on the global economy. Students are introduced to concepts such as multinational corporations, trade agreements, and global supply chains. They explore how these factors have led to the interconnectedness of economies around the world and the implications for economic development and income inequality. Through case studies and group projects, students analyze the role of globalization in shaping economic policies and practices.Environmental sustainability is also a key focus of Unit 4. Students learn about the environmental consequences of globalization, such as pollution, deforestation, and climatechange. They discuss the role of international agreements and organizations in addressing these issues and explore potential solutions for promoting sustainable development in a globalized world. Through research projects and presentations, students identify strategies for mitigating the negative environmental impacts of globalization and fostering a more sustainable future.In conclusion, Unit 4 of "New Explorations: Advanced Graduate English" offers a comprehensive overview of the complex and interconnected nature of globalization. By engaging with the diverse perspectives and challenges presented in this unit, students are equipped to critically analyze the effects of globalization on society and to develop informed opinions on how to navigate the opportunities and challenges of an increasingly interconnected world.篇3Unit 4 of New Explorations in Graduate English (Advanced) focuses on the topic of Education and Learning. In this unit, students delve into various aspects of education and learning, such as the importance of education, different types of learning styles, the impact of technology on education, and the benefits of lifelong learning.The unit begins by discussing the significance of education in today's society. It highlights how education can empower individuals, open up opportunities, and lead to personal growth and development. Students are encouraged to reflect on their own educational journeys and consider how education has shaped their lives.Next, the unit explores different learning styles and strategies. Students learn about visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners, and how they can adapt their study habits to best fit their learning preferences. They also discover the benefits of active learning techniques, such as group discussions, hands-on activities, and problem-solving exercises.One of the key themes in this unit is the role of technology in education. Students examine how technology has transformed the way we learn, from online courses and virtual classrooms to educational apps and multimedia resources. They also discuss the challenges and opportunities that technology brings to the education sector, such as digital literacy and personalized learning experiences.The unit concludes by emphasizing the importance of lifelong learning. Students are encouraged to cultivate a growth mindset and embrace continuous learning throughout their lives.They explore the benefits of lifelong learning, such as staying relevant in a rapidly changing world, staying intellectually engaged, and pursuing new interests and passions.Overall, Unit 4 of New Explorations in Graduate English (Advanced) provides students with a comprehensive understanding of education and learning. By exploring key concepts and engaging in thought-provoking discussions, students are able to develop a deeper appreciation for the value of education and the importance of continuous learning in their personal and professional lives.。
Internet of Things policy of the European CommissionDr. Florent Frederix, Head of Sector D4 European CommissionThis document does not necessarily reflect any official position of the EU CommissionM2M workshop, ETSI France, October 19-20, 2010Content • IoT Policy • IoT in Framework 7 R&D– Call 7: Objective 1.3 – “Internet connected objects”IoT policyHistoryCommunication Communication June 2009Mar 2007Jun 07-Mar09Sept 2008Sept 2008Dec 2008IoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScaleIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScaleIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale MobilityIoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale Mobility Heterogeneity & Complexity1969197119802000IoT policyIoT – Underlying trendsScale Mobility Heterogeneity & ComplexityIoT policyIoT – Public authorities roleThe underlying trends will occur regardless of public intervention. It will bring a new set of challenges (some directly affecting individuals) and deep societal changes. Simply leaving the development of the IoT to the private sector is not a sensible option.A not-that-different debate at the World Summit on the Information Society has driven to similar conclusions: public authorities cannot shirk their responsabilities towards their citizens.A 14 action plan to ensure that the use of IoT technologies: • Stimulate economic growth • Improve individuals’ well-being • Address some of today’s societal problemIoT policyGovernanceHow is this identification’s structured? Who assigns the identifier? How is information security ensured? Which stakeholders are accountable? Which ethical and legal framework applies? …Action 1• Define a set of principles underlying the governance of IoT • Design an ‘architecture’ with a sufficient level of decentralised managementPrivacy and protection of personal dataFundamental RightsTrust, Acceptance and SecuritySecurity for individuals Security in the businessThe Commission will follow ENISA work on the identification of emerging risks and provide a policy frameworks to develop IoTA c t i o n 4The Commission will follow the development of IoTinfrastructures becoming a vital resource to economy and societyA c t i o n 5Standardisation-Interoperability-Economies of scale-Low entry barriers -Level playing fieldStandards Mandate:•Launch or extend currently standards mandates to include issues related to IoT•Ensure IoT standards are developed in an open,transparent and consensual mannerA c t i o n 6Research and DevelopmentConnecting a thousand objects is easy,connecting several billions remains a faraway challengeFinance research projects through FP7projectsA c t i o n 7Contribute to the respective Public-Private Partnership:•Green cars•Energy-efficient buildings •Factories of the Future •Future InternetA c t i o n 8Openness to innovation-New applications -New uses-New business models-New barriers to innovationInnovation and pilot projects:promoting the deployment of IoT applications by launching pilot projects through CIPA c t i o n 9Institutional awareness-Act hand-in-hand with other institutions-Understand the challenges -Understand the opportunitiesThe Commission will inform European Institutions and relevant stakeholders about IoT developmentsA c t i o n 10International dialogueBorderless applications mean joint solutionsInternational dialogue to promote the lines of action laid down in this CommunicationA c t i o n 11Waste management-RFID tags can have negative impacts on environments-RFID tags could help the To assess the difficulties of recycling tags and the benefits and nuisances that the presence of tags can have on the recycling of objectA c t i o n 12recycling processFuture developmentsThe story has just only startedMonitoring the introduction of IoT related technologies to allow the assessment of their impact as well as the effectiveness of the related Community policiesA c t i o n 13The Commission will assess the evolution of IoTA c t i o n 14HistoryComm JuDec 2009Mar 2010May 2010May-June 2010Jun 2010Jul 2010Communication June 2009TodayIoT in framework 7 R&DCall 7 - Objective 1.3Internet-connected ObjectsThe Internet of Things is a MetaphorIoT Fp7 call 7Horizontal and cross-cutting application areas Sensor Networks and Decentralised intelligence Integrated part of the Future Internet-22-Internet of Things - Typical examplesIoT Fp7 call 7-23-IERC – Internet of Things IoT Fp7 call 7 European Research Cluster-24-Introducing Objective 1.3: IoT Fp7 call 7 Internet-connected objectsObjective 1.3 in the context of Challenge 1 a) Contribution to the Network and Service layers b) Applied research in the enterprise and business environment:• • Architecture and technological foundations for cooperative smart objects Towards integration and decentralized intelligenceTarget outcomes a) An open networked architecture b) Adaptive software supporting data acquisition c) Coordination and support actions-25-a)An open networked architecture for Internetconnected objectsIoT Fp7 call 7Funding scheme: IP & STREP • Open architecture – End to end characteristics – Manage a large population of devices – Conceal the heterogeneity of networks technologies Architecture with large and dynamic capabilities – Interoperability across providers and consumers of information and services, re-use of object entities – Open interfaces – Self-management, self-configuration, self-healing properties Technologies should ensure – Integration of the IOT into the service layer of the Future Internet – Distribution and aggregation of information – Communication among networked objects-26-••b)Adaptive software supporting IoT Fp7 call 7 data acquisitionFunding scheme: IP & STREP•Integration with business platforms and components – Large number of sensors delivering data – Compatibility with existing business environment Interpretation of the environmental and context information – Information from human behaviours and multi-modal interactions – Act on behalf of the users’ intentions Additional functionalities – Interoperability, privacy, security – Discovery and mapping of real, digital and virtual entities••-27-c) Coordination and support IoT Fp7 call 7 actionsFunding scheme: CSA•Roadmaps, standards, benchmarks, … for future industrial developments of IOT applications•International collaboration – Analysis of research agendas, preparation of concrete initiatives (China, Japan, U.S., Brazil, …) – Coordination of related EU R&D programmes/activities-28-IoT Fp7 call 7Impact and Funding schemes• Expected impact– New range of Internet services based on interconnected objects communications and integration with business processes – Novel business models on objects connectivity – Emergence of new companies (SMEs) offering innovative solutions – Consensus by industry (standards, benchmarks) and by stakeholders (governance) of the IOT• •Funding schemes– a), b): IP, STREP; c): CSAIndicative budget distribution– IP/STREP: EUR 27 million; the objective is to support 2 IPs – CSA: EUR 3 million•Call– ICT call 7OJ publication: 28 Sept. 2010, submission deadline: 18 Jan. 2011 – 17h00-29-IoT Fp7 call 7More information and linksObj. 1.3 Contact: alain.jaume@ec.europa.eu IERC – Internet of things European Research Cluster: http://www.internet-of-things-research.eu/-30-。
