现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的探讨在日常生活中，我们常常会遇到一些需要表达持续时间的场合，这时候就需要用到延续性动词。

而现在完成时作为一种表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响的情况，也常常涉及到延续性动词的使用。

那么，如何将瞬间动词变成延续性动词呢？本文将从理论和实践两个方面进行探讨。

一、理论分析1.1 瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别我们需要了解什么是瞬间动词和延续性动词。

瞬间动词是指表示短暂动作的动词，如“吃”、“喝”等；而延续性动词则是指表示持续性动作的动词，如“吃饱”、“喝够”等。

从这个定义可以看出，瞬间动词和延续性动词的主要区别在于动作的持续时间。

瞬间动词的动作持续时间较短，而延续性动词的动作持续时间较长。

1.2 现在完成时与延续性动词的关系现在完成时是用来表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响的一种时态。

在这个时态中，我们需要使用到延续性动词来表示动作的持续性。

例如，“我已经吃饱了”表示的是过去发生的动作(吃)对现在的影响(已经吃饱了)。

这里的“吃饱了”就是一个延续性动词。

二、实践应用2.1 瞬间动词变延续性动词的方法要将瞬间动词变成延续性动词，我们可以采用以下几种方法：(1) 在瞬间动词后面加上“够”、“了”等词语。

例如，“我已经吃饱了”中的“吃饱了”就是通过在“吃”后面加上“够了”实现的。

这种方法比较简单，但需要注意的是，有些词语并不能直接与瞬间动词搭配，如“看”、“听”等。

这时，我们可以使用“看完”、“听完”等词语来替代。

(2) 将瞬间动词变为动名词。

例如，“我吃完饭就去睡觉”可以改为“我吃完饭后就去睡觉”。

这里，“吃饭”变成了动名词“吃饭”，实现了从瞬间动词到延续性动词的转变。

这种方法适用于大多数情况，但需要注意的是，动名词本身并不具备时态的意义，因此在使用时需要注意上下文的时态。

2.2 现在完成时变延续性动词的例子下面我们通过几个例子来说明如何将现在完成时变为目标时态。

现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have b een out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. Have married → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

创作编号：GB8878185555334563BT9125XW创作者：凤呜大王*现在完成时练习题（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）一.单项选择（）1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.A. joinedB. be inC. been inD. joined in（）2. Mike ___________ the story for a month.A. has boughtB. has hadC. had hadD. has borrowed （）3. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A. has been toB. has been inC. has come toD. came to（）4. His father _______ for years.A. has diedB. has been deadC. diedD. dies（）5. He has a computer of his own. He ____ it two days agoA. boughtB. boughtC. boughtD. has bought（）6. --- Is your father a Party member?--- Yes, he ____ the party three years ago. He _____ a Party member for three years.A. joined; has beenB. has joined; has beenC. was joined; isD. joined; was（）7. ---What a nice bike! How lone ____ you ____ it? ----Just five weeks.A. will; buyB. did; buyC. are; havingD. have; had（）8. I ______ this book for a week .I have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept （）9. ----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time? ----Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; beenB. Have; beenC. Has; joinedD. Have; joined（）10. ---How long have you _______ from the USA? ----For three months.A. come backB. returnedC. go backD. been back （）11. I _____ this book for half a year.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD. had （）12. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer _______ for a year.A. has leftB. has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away（）13. He ____ a cold for three days.A. has caughtB. has hadC. has gotD. caught（）14. Jim Green ____ in China for two years.A. has comeB. has beenC. has arrivedD. came （）15. The film ____ for half an hour.A. has been onB. has begunC. hasn’t begunD.began（）16．How long have you _______ this book？A. Bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent（）17．His grandpa _______ for two years．A．was died B．has been dead C．was dead D．has died（）18. His sister ______ her hometown for three years. She'll return next year．A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from（）19、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in （）20、—Do you know him well ?—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made（）21、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived（）22、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began（）23、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived（）24、His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二．句型转换（（每空一词）。

现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词)的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）(1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.（含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill。

(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad。

（含义是：现在已在此地）(2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。

Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998。

注（超重要）:瞬间动词（buy，die，join，lose……）不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词come-be go out—be out finish-be over open—be opendie-be dead1。

have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years。

2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept（不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。

现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)1.Li Hong has been in the army for 2 years.2.Mike has had the story for a month.3.Mr。

Black has been in China since the summer of 1998.4.His father has been dead for years.5.XXX a computer two days ago.6.--- Is your father a Party member?Yes。

he joined the party three years ago。

He has been a Party member for three years.7.---What a nice bike。

How long have you had it。

----Justfive weeks.8.I have borrowed this book for a week。

I have to return it now.9."Has your sister been in Green China for a long time?" "Yes。

she joined it five years ago."10."How long have you been back from the USA?" "For three months."11."I have had this book for half a year."12.The students are sorry to hear that the XXX。

13."He has had a cold for three days."14.Jim Green has been in China for two years。

修改名词：现在完成时练习（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）现在完成时是英语语法中一种重要的时态，用于表示发生在过去但与现在有关的动作或经验。

在构成现在完成时的句子中，我们经常需要使用动词的现在分词形式。

然而，对于一些动词，我们需要将其转换为名词形式。

短暂性动词的转换短暂性动词是指表示短暂或瞬间动作的动词，这些动作不具有持续性。

在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将短暂性动词转换为名词形式。

举个例子：- 原始句子：He drank a cup of coffee.- 转换后的句子：He has had a cup of coffee.在这个例子中，我们将短暂性动词"drank"转换为名词形式"had"。

以下是一些常见的短暂性动词及其对应的转换形式：- bring -> have brought- eat -> have eaten- see -> have seen- take -> have taken- buy -> have bought延续性动词的转换延续性动词是指表示持续性或进行性动作的动词，这些动作具有一定的时间跨度。

在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将延续性动词转换为名词形式。

举个例子：- 原始句子：She has been reading a book.- 转换后的句子：She has had a book.在这个例子中，我们将延续性动词"reading"转换为名词形式"had"。

以下是一些常见的延续性动词及其对应的转换形式：- read -> have had- write -> have written- study -> have studied- work -> have worked- play -> have played通过将短暂性动词和延续性动词转换为名词形式，我们可以更准确地表达现在完成时的动作或经验。

现在完成时短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return →be back come/go out →be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________. ③become →be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close →be closed open →be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up →be up；die →be dead；leave sw. →be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep；finish/end →be over；marry →be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.6) They married in 1990.They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. →do sth. ；begin →be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow →keep；lose →not have ；buy →have ；put on →wearcatch/get a cold →have a cold；get to know →know1) They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to →have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army→be a league/a Party member/a soldier→be a member of the league/the Party→be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish → be over come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。

现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)现在完成时练题（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）现在完成时练题（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）一.单项选择1.Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.A。

XXX2.XXX ___________ the story for a month.A。

has boughtB。

has hadC。

had hadD。

has borrowed3.Mr。

Black _________ China since the summer of 1998.A。

has been toB。

has been inC。

has come toD。

came to4.His father _______ for years.A。

has XXX5.He has a computer of his own。

He ____ it two days agoA。

XXX6.--- Is your father a Party member?Yes。

he ____ the party three years ago。

He _____ a Party member for three years.A。

joined。

has beenB。

has joined。

has beenC。

was joined。

isD。

joined。

was（）7.---What a nice bike。

How lone ____ you ____ it。

----Just five weeks.A。

will。

buyB。

did。

buyC。

are。

havingD。

have。

had8.I ______ this book for a week。

I have to return it now.A。

XXX9.----______ your sister _______ in Green China for a long time?Yes。

英语现在完成时练习题含答案一、初中英语现在完成时1．His cat has ________ for five weeks.A. diedB. been deadC. dyingD. dies【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：他的猫已经死了5个星期了。

die是短暂性动词，不能表示状态的延续。

由时间状语 for five weeks可知应用延续性动词,故答案选B。

【点评】考查现在完成时。

2．My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.A. was workingB. is workingC. has workedD. will work 【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：我父亲在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，所以他对熊猫很了解。

由句中的语句for 10 years 提示可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语my father，助动词要用has，故选C。

【点评】考查现在完成时的基本结构及用法，注意根据句子的时间状语判断时态。

3．I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it _____ a lot over the years．A. changedB. changesC. will changeD. has changed【答案】 D【解析】【分析】我对我的家乡的新面貌感到惊讶，因为这几年改变了很多，结合over the years可知表达的动作发生在过去，对现在造成一定的影响，故用现在完成时have/has+过去分词，主语it，故has，故答案是D．4．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?—Because I all my money on an MP5.A. spendB. have spentC. am spendingD. was spending【答案】 B【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。

【英语】英语现在完成时练习题含答案及解析一、初中英语现在完成时1．—Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years.—Wow, they are wonderful.A. keptB. have keptC. have boughtD. bought【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意：——看这些邮票，我持有它们5年了。

——噢，真漂亮。

表示动作从过去开始持续到现在用现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，因为主语是I,助动词用have，故选B。

【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，注意表示动作的延续用现在完成时。

2．—How do you like Beijing, Miss Read?—I've no idea. I _____ there.A. have goneB. have beenC. haven't beenD. haven't gone【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：---你觉得北京怎么样，瑞得小姐？---我不知道，我没有去过那儿。

短语：have been to去过某地（已经返回）；have gone to去了某地（尚未返回），根据句意，故答案为C。

【点评】考查短语辨析，区分have been to与have gone to，理解句子，根据语境判断答案。

3．All the skirts .They very well.A. sold out;are soldB. sell out;have soldC. have been sold out;sellD. have sold out;sell【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。

第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。

现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词（1）专题讲解：在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词.Eg:buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加、--- have / has been a ( party) membergo (went) --- have / has been there / in 去come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束eg. The film began five minutes ago.------The film has been on for five minutes.------It has been five minutes since the film began.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词.1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋open代open7、be closed代close/shut用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin*2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to四、巩固练习：》将瞬间动词变成延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in....... got to/reached...... come/gone/moved to...... →2. have come/gone back/returned →3. have come/gone out →4. have become →5. have closed / opened→6. have fallen ill→7. have died →8. have left...... →*9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →10. have finished/ended/completed →11. have married →12. have begun →13. have borrowed/bought →14. have/has gone to →15. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→当堂过手练习：1、Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .&A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in3、—Do you know him well— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made4、—How long have you ____ here—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived5、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began6、It _____ ten years since he left the army .·A. isB. hasC. willD. was7、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been8、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to ChinaA. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived9、The factory ____ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened10、Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become11、The meeting _____ for a week now.：A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over been over12、Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taughtD. has gone to13、Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became14、I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned been back to15、Ever since then, Tom _______a fan of classical music.A. has been C. has become D. have been。

短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。

现在完成时语法练习I.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. --- H e for 10 years / since10years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. ---- He the bookfor 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago. ---- He themotorbike for a month.4.He arrived here three days ago. —He here since threedays ago.5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago. --- The lightfor 2 hours.6.He left here 2 years ago. ----- He from here for 2years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago. ---- The film for 30minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago. ---- The door for anhour.9. -------------------------------------------------- T hey closed the door an hour ago. ------------------------------------ The door for an hour.10.He joined the army last year. ---- He afor a year.He the army for a year.It a year he joined the army.11.单项选择。

()1.The famous writer one new book in the past two year .A.is writingB.was writingC.wroteD.has written ( )2.Have you met Mr. Li?A. JustB.agoC.beforeD.a moment ago ( )3.—How long have you here ? —About two months .A.beenB.goneC. comeD. arrived ( )4.—Our country a lot so far .—Yes. I hope it will be even .A.has changed ; wellB.changed ; goodC.has changed ; betterD.changed; better ( )5.—you your homework yet ?—Yes.I it a moment ago.A.Did; do; finishedB.Have; done; finishedC.Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finish()6.We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A.knowB.had knownC.have knownD. knew()7.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I twice.A. will seeB.have seenC. sawD.see()8.—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really? When there ?A. will they goB.did they goC.do they goD.have they gone ( )9.Z hou Lang already in thisschool for two years .A.was ; studyingB.will ; studyC.has ; studiedD.are; studying ( )10.His father the Party since 1998 .A.joinedB. has joinedD. has been in ( )11.—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We friends since ten years ago .A.wereB.have beenC.have becomeD.have made ( )12.He has been to Shanghai, has he ?A. alreadyB.neverC.everD. still()13.Hurry up! The play for ten minutes .A.has begunB.had begunC.has been onD.began()14.It ten years since he left the army .A.IsB.hasC.willD.was ( )15.Miss Green isn,t in the office. She to the library.A.has goneB. wentC.will goD. has been()16.My parents Shandong for ten years.A.have been inB.have been toC.have gone toD.have been ( )17.The students have cleaned the classroom,A.so theyB.don't theyC.have theyD.haven’t they ( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A.How soon, comesB.How often, gotC.How long, cameD.How far, arrived()19.His uncle for more than 9 years.A.has come hereB.has started to workC.has lived thereD.has left the university二、句型转换。

延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。

leave—been away from buy—haveborrow—keep die—be deadget up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be marriedfinish--be over become--become / go to —be in / atarrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / atjoin + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from一看时间状语。

如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。

如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。

如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。

如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。

短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表语法讲解：1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例：He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago.When did the train arrive here B. How long ____ the train ____ here2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。

例：Lucy has come back.The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.He has been away from Beijing for two years.= He left Beijing two years ago.= It is two years since he left Beijing.= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。

例如：She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time.巩固习题：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ f or 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have becomemeeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been overGao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became8. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned9. How long _______ he ________A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead10. ----- How long can I ______ the book ------ Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keep________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has hadlong _____ you _____ ill -----Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, been2000, he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away fro m'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. takebus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been16. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has ha d________ for 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up。