现在完成时中常见短暂性动词变延续性动词

现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have b een out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. Have married → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far 等:Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

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现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done）①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）(1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money。

(含义是:现在我没有钱花了。

)Jane has laid the table。

（含义是：现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.（含义是:现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要):瞬间动词（buy,die，join，lose……）不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词come-be go out—be out finish-be over open-be opendie—be dead1。

现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1））现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.含( 义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. 含(义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose ）不能直接与for since 连用。

要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have 代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have 代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be 替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear 代替put onb)用“b＋e 形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married 代marry2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open 代open8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“b＋e 副词”代终止性动词1“b＋e 2“b＋e on”代start,begin up”代get up3“b＋e back(to) 代”return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there代) co”m e(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“b＋e 介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at地+点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3. “be in/at地+点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at 相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →h e a e v n e o b u t4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened → have been close/open6. have got up →have be；e n up7. have died →have been；dead8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have；been asleep10. have finished/ended/completed →have b；een over11. Have married →have been ma；rried12. have started/begun to do sth. →have；done sth.13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven ’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold →have h；ad a cold18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/havbeeen the Party ’s member/the league member/the soldier注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately 等:He has already obtained得(到获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so f a等r : Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5. 现在完成时的" 完成用法"现在完成时的" 完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

修改名词：现在完成时练习（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）现在完成时是英语语法中一种重要的时态，用于表示发生在过去但与现在有关的动作或经验。

在构成现在完成时的句子中，我们经常需要使用动词的现在分词形式。

然而，对于一些动词，我们需要将其转换为名词形式。

短暂性动词的转换短暂性动词是指表示短暂或瞬间动作的动词，这些动作不具有持续性。

在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将短暂性动词转换为名词形式。

举个例子：- 原始句子：He drank a cup of coffee.- 转换后的句子：He has had a cup of coffee.在这个例子中，我们将短暂性动词"drank"转换为名词形式"had"。

以下是一些常见的短暂性动词及其对应的转换形式：- bring -> have brought- eat -> have eaten- see -> have seen- take -> have taken- buy -> have bought延续性动词的转换延续性动词是指表示持续性或进行性动作的动词，这些动作具有一定的时间跨度。

在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将延续性动词转换为名词形式。

举个例子：- 原始句子：She has been reading a book.- 转换后的句子：She has had a book.在这个例子中，我们将延续性动词"reading"转换为名词形式"had"。

以下是一些常见的延续性动词及其对应的转换形式：- read -> have had- write -> have written- study -> have studied- work -> have worked- play -> have played通过将短暂性动词和延续性动词转换为名词形式，我们可以更准确地表达现在完成时的动作或经验。

现在完成时短暂性动词转换为延续性动词①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.→be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there 1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.2) I moved to the USA last year.I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.3) I went home yesterday.I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.4) They came here last week.They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.②come/go back, return →be back come/go out →be out1) He came out two years ago.He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________. ③become →be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.④close →be closed open →be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.⑤get up →be up；die →be dead；leave sw. →be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep →be asleep；finish/end →be over；marry →be married；1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I ________ _________ _________ since _________ _________.6) They married in 1990.They ________ _________ __________since _________.⑥start/begin to do sth. →do sth. ；begin →be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I ____ ____ at this school since ____.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.⑦borrow →keep；lose →not have ；buy →have ；put on →wearcatch/get a cold →have a cold；get to know →know1) They borrowed it last week.They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.3) I got to know him last year.I _______ _______ him since __________ __________.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.⑧have/has gone to →have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.⑨join the league/the Party/the army→be a league/a Party member/a soldier→be a member of the league/the Party→be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.He _______ _________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother ________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother __________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.。

现在完成时中非延续性动词（瞬间动词）与延续性动词的转换leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → be dead;finish ／end ／stop→ be over结束/完成join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/closed；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch ／get a cold → have a cold感冒；come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为；come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from；get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear；catch a cold →have a cold; go to school → be in school ／be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外;marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake 醒;make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友;lose → be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失; lose one's job ／work → be out of work ／a job请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago.→ The old man has been dead for 4 years.→ It is 4 years since the old man died.→ Four years has passed since the old man died.请看例句2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.→ He has been in the Party for 2 years.→He has been a Party member for 2 years.请看例句3. He joined the army 5 years ago.→ He has been in the army for 5 years.→ He has served in the army for 5 years.→He has been a soldier for 5 years.请看例句4.I bought the book 5 days ago.→ I have had the book for 5 days.。

Grammar: The Present Perfect Tense (现在完成时)一、构成： 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 二、用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

（动词不受限制） (1) ---Have you had your lunch yet? ---Yes, I have. I ’ve just had it. （说明现在饱了） (2) I have lost my pen.（过去某时丢的，现在还没找到）(3) ---There ’s a new movie in this cinema. Shall we come to see it tomorrow? ---Sorry, I have already seen it.（过去看的，现在不去了）* already, yet 常和现在完成时连用，already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后过去分词之前，也可以放在句尾；yet 用于否定句表示“还”，放在疑问句表示“已经”。

2、表示过去的动作持续到现在，常和since ，for 连用，在这个用法中动词多为延续性动词。

(1) We have lived here since 2000.(2) He has been a League member for two years. * 常见的终止性动词变延续性动词规律 终止性动词变为相应的延续性动词。

1. buy---have2. borrow---keep3. put on---wear4. catch a cold---have a cold5. get to know---know6. come to work---work7. become---be8. start to study---study8. move (to)---live (in)或be (in/at/on)+地点9. get sth. back---have sth. back10. hear from/ get(receive) a letter from---have a letter from 转换为be+名词1. go to school---be a student2. join the Party/League ---be a Party/League member3. join the army---be a soldier4. become a teacher---be a teacher转换为be+介词短语 1. go to school---be in/at school2. join the Party/League/army---be in the Party/League/army3. reach/arrive/get to---be in/on/at4. go/come to+地点---be in/on/at+地点 转换为be+形容词或副词 1. come---be here2. die---be dead3. go---be there 或be away4. finish/end---be over5. start/begin---be on6. close---be closed7. open---be open8. marry---be married9. get up---be up10. leave---be away11. fall/get ill---be ill12. fall asleep---be asleep13. wake up---be awake 14. turn on/off---be on/off 15. leave sw.---be away from sw.16. return/come back/go back/get back---be back 三、与现在完成时连用的时间状语1、for+时间段；since+过去时间点或一般过去时的句子。

现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。

在完成式中,一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy，borrow，die,leave,begin,join等)不能与表示一段时间的状语（for, since， how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。

如：He borrowed a book two days ago.(用现在完成式表达）He has kept the book for two days。

他持有这本书两年了。

1、他三年前买了一辆车。

___________________________________2、他两年前参了军。

___________________________________答案：1、He has had a car for three years。

或He has bought a car。

或He bought a car three years ago.2、He has been in the army for two years.或He has joined the army。

He joined the army two years ago。

切记:有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：His father has died.His father has been dead for three years。

他父亲已经去世三年了。

She has joined the Party/League.She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for twomonths。

他已经入党/团两个月了。

The film has started/begun.The film has been on/ lasted since 5 minutes ago.电影已经开始5分钟了。

现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词（1）专题讲解：在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词.Eg:buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加、--- have / has been a ( party) membergo (went) --- have / has been there / in 去come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束eg. The film began five minutes ago.------The film has been on for five minutes.------It has been five minutes since the film began.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词.1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋open代open7、be closed代close/shut用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin*2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to四、巩固练习：》将瞬间动词变成延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in....... got to/reached...... come/gone/moved to...... →2. have come/gone back/returned →3. have come/gone out →4. have become →5. have closed / opened→6. have fallen ill→7. have died →8. have left...... →*9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →10. have finished/ended/completed →11. have married →12. have begun →13. have borrowed/bought →14. have/has gone to →15. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→当堂过手练习：1、Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .&A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in3、—Do you know him well— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made4、—How long have you ____ here—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived5、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began6、It _____ ten years since he left the army .·A. isB. hasC. willD. was7、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been8、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to ChinaA. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived9、The factory ____ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened10、Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become11、The meeting _____ for a week now.：A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over been over12、Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taughtD. has gone to13、Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became14、I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned been back to15、Ever since then, Tom _______a fan of classical music.A. has been C. has become D. have been。

完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表延续性动词与终止性动词：动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep，have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。

在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。

如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin，stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive，finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give，jump，buy，borrow等。

1．终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：The plane has arrived飞机到了。

I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。

2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：①他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years．②他来这儿三个月了。

误：he has come here for three months．①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。

那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A．用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。

如：①He has been dead for three years．②He has been here for three months．将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几种：a．用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy→have，borrow→keep，come ／go ／become→be，catch ／get a cold→have a cold，get to know→know等。