现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表精编版

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book f or 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5o'clock;例:He died 5 yearsago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes a go. = He has been awayfor five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close →be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)know get to know →begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish → be overcome to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。

初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则表a)用延续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代短暂性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代短暂性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/re turned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen a sleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. havemarried → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. h ave lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army例: *** The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.---It is 4 years since the old man died. ---Four years has passed since the old man died.*** He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.*** I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.补充练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.A. has leftB. had leftC. has been awayD. had been away2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joinedC. have been in3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become5.You mustnt ________ until he comes back.A. be awayB. leaveC. be left6.The meeting _______ for a week now.A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taught8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became9. I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned10. How long _______ he ________ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. sleptB. was sleepingC. has sleepD. had slept12.He ________ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has boughtC. has had13.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.A. did fallB. have, fellC. have, been14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.A. has leftB. has moved awayC. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.A. borrowB. keepC. take16.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.A. has stoppedB. stoppedC. has been17.Are you _____ the jacket these days?A. wearingB. putting onC. dressingD. on18.He ________ foe 2 hours.A. got upB. has got upC. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.A. isB. catchesC. has caughtD. has had20.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.A. borrowB. lendC. getD. keepKey: 1---5 D C A B B; 6---10 C A A B C; 11---15 B C C C。

现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词)的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）(1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.（含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill。

(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad。

（含义是：现在已在此地）(2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。

Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998。

注（超重要）:瞬间动词（buy，die，join，lose……）不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词come-be go out—be out finish-be over open—be opendie-be dead1。

have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years。

2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept（不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。

完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表延续性动词与终止性动词：动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep，have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。

在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。

如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin，stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive，finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give，jump，buy，borrow等。

1．终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。

如：The plane has arrived飞机到了。

I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。

2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：①他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years．②他来这儿三个月了。

误：he has come here for three months．①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。

那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A．用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。

如：①He has been dead for three years．②He has been here for three months．将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有如下几种：a．用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有：buy→have，borrow→keep，come ／go ／become→be，catch ／get a cold→have a cold，get to know→know等。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结在现代汉语中，现在完成时是表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响的一种时态。

而在现在完成时中，瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法有所不同。

本文将从理论和实践两个方面，对现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词进行总结。

一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。

例如：I have seen that movie.(我已经看过那部电影了。

)二、瞬间动词变延续性动词1. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的方法在现在完成时中，瞬间动词变为延续性动词的方法主要是通过加上“-ing”后缀。

例如：come -> coming;go -> going;see -> seeing等。

这种变化使得原本表示瞬间动作的动词变成了表示持续性动作的动词。

2. 延续性动词的使用场合延续性动词表示的动作在时间上没有明确的结束点，通常是持续性的。

在现在完成时中，延续性动词的使用场合主要包括以下几种：(1)表示一个长时间内一直在进行的动作。

例如：I have been studying English for 5 years.(我已经学习英语5年了。

)(2)表示一个习惯性的动作或者状态。

例如：She has been playing the piano since she was a child.(她从小就一直在弹钢琴。

)(3)表示一个与现在有关联的动作或状态。

例如：He has been living in this city for 3 years.(他已经在这个城市生活了3年了。

)三、结论现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词是一种常见的语法现象。

通过掌握这种现象，我们可以更好地理解和使用现在完成时这一时态。

这也有助于我们提高自己的语言表达能力，使我们的语言更加地规范和准确。

初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have 代替buy （买）My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep 或have 代替borrow (借)I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be 替代become ( 成为)How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold （感冒）Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear 代替put on （穿）b)用“be＋形容词”代短暂性动词1、be＋married 代marry（结婚）2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill 生病3、be＋dead 代die （死）4、be＋asleep 代fall (get) asleep （入睡）5、be＋awake 代wake/ wake up （醒）6、be＋open 代open （开）7、be ＋closed 代close/ shut （关）c)用“be＋副词”代短暂性动词1“be＋on”代start , begin （开始）2“be＋up”代get up （起床）3“be＋b ack(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to （返回）4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等( 到达）d)用“be＋介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to / come to （去哪儿）2.用be in the army 代替join the army（参军）3.“b e in/at +地点”代替move to（搬到）常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw （地点）got to/reached sw.去哪come/gone/moved to sw. 搬到→have been in sw（地点）./at…相应的介词2. have come / gone back / returned → have been back （回来）3. have come / gone out →have been out （出去）4. have become → have been （成为）5. have closed → have been closed （关）6. have got up →have been up （起床）7. have died → have been dead （死）8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. （离开）9. have fallen asleep / got to sleep → have been asleep （入睡）10. have finished / ended / completed → have been over （完成）11. have married →have been married （结婚）12. have started / begun to do sth. → have done sth. （开始去做某事）13. have begun → have been on （开始）14. have borrowed / bought →have kept / had （借）15. have lost →haven’t had （丢失）16. have put on →have worn (穿)17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold (感冒)18. have got to know →have known （认识）19. have / has gone to → have been in （在哪儿）20. have joined / have taken part in the league /the Party/the army (参军）延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则表（Langzi选编）基本变化规则a)用延续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代短暂性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代短暂性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. havemarried → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换发送到手机 | 收藏全屏阅读模式字体：小 | 大延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in) begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wearopen → be open（join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → knowbegin to study → studycome to work → workmove to → live infinish/end → be overcome to → be inmarry → be marriedbecome → be。

初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则表初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have 代替buy （买）My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep 或have 代替borrow (借)I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be 替代become ( 成为)How long has your sister beena teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold （感冒）Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear 代替put on （穿）b)用“be＋形容词”代短暂性动词1、be＋married 代marry（结婚）2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill 生病3、be＋dead 代die （死）4、be＋asleep 代fall (get) asleep （入睡）5、be＋awake 代wake/ wake up （醒）6、be＋open 代open （开）7、be ＋closed 代close/ shut （关）c)用“be＋副词”代短暂性动词1“be＋on”代start , begin （开始）2“be＋up”代get up （起床）3“be＋b ack(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to （返回）4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等( 到达）d)用“be＋介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to / come to （去哪儿）2.用be in the army 代替join the army（参军）3.“b e in/at +地点”代替move to（搬到）常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw （地点）got to/reached sw.去哪come/gone/moved to sw. 搬到→have been in sw（地点）./at…相应的介词2. have come / gone back / returned → have been back （回来）3. have come / gone out →have been out （出去）4. have become → have been （成为）5. have c losed → have been closed （关）6. have got up →have been up （起床）7. have died → have been dead （死）8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. （离开）9. have fallen asleep / got to sleep → have been asleep （入睡）10. have finished / ended / completed → have been over （完成）11. have married →have been married （结婚）12. have started / begun to do sth. → have done sth. （开始去做某事）13. have begun → have been on （开始）14. have borrowed / bought →have kept / had （借）15. have lost →haven’t had （丢失）16. have put on →have worn (穿)17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold (感冒)18. have got to know →have known （认识）19. have / has gone to → have been in （在哪儿）20. have joined / have taken part in the league /the Party/the army (参军）延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表语法讲解：1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例：He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing tw o years ago。

When did the train arrive here？B。

How long ____ the train ____ her e？2.在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用.但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。

例:Lucy has come back。

The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.He has been away from Beijing for two years。

= He left Beijing two years ago。

= It is two years since he left Beijing.= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.3。

非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。

例如：She hasn't bought any new clothes since last year.I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time.巩固习题：1。

When he arrived at the bus stop，the bus ________ for 20 min utes.A.has left B。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的总结一、1.1 现在完成时的基本概念现在完成时是英语中的一种时态，它表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

在现在完成时中，我们使用助动词“have/has”加上过去分词来构成。

例如，“I have eaten breakfast.”(我已经吃了早餐。

)二、1.2 瞬间动词与现在完成时的转换瞬间动词是指那些表示一次性动作的动词，例如：eat(吃)、drink(喝)、sleep(睡)等。

这些动词在现在完成时中不能直接使用，需要将其变为延续性动词。

延续性动词是指那些可以表示持续一段时间的动作或状态的动词，例如：work(工作)、study(学习)等。

要将瞬间动词变为延续性动词，我们需要找到一个合适的词语来替换原动词，以表示动作的持续性。

例如，将“eat”变为“have been eating”，将“drink”变为“have been drinking”。

三、2.1 瞬间动词与现在完成时的转换方法在将瞬间动词变为延续性动词时，我们需要注意以下几点：1. 使用助动词“have/has”加上过去分词的形式。

2. 在过去分词前加上“been”。

3. 根据需要添加适当的副词，如“already”、“just”、“yet”等。

例如，“eat”变为“have been eating”的过程如下：确定主语和助动词。

然后，在谓语动词后加上“been”。

根据需要添加副词。

四、2.2 延续性动词的例子及其用法下面是一些常见的延续性动词及其用法：1. work:我已经开始工作了(I have already started working.);2. study:我正在学习汉语(I am studying Chinese.);3. play:他刚刚玩了一会儿(He has just played for a while.);4. read:她一直在读这本书(She has been reading this book all day.);5. sleep:他们已经睡了一整晚(They have slept all night.)。

延续性动词和短暂性动词转换归纳瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用如:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.那就要将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／介词短语等。

leave—been away from buy—haveborrow—keep die—be deadget up—be up put on—be on / wear come / get back—be back go to town—be in town lose—be missing catch a cold—have a cold close—be closed / not open open —be open fall ill / asleep— be ill / asleep begin /start—be on return--be back marry---be marriedfinish--be over become--become / go to —be in / atarrive in （at）/ get to / reach——be in / atjoin + 名词-------be in + 组织/ be a（an）+组织成员get /receive a letter from—have a letter from一看时间状语。

如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。

如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。

如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。

如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生方式、发生过程长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表达可以延续动作,如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep，have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live，stay等。

延续性动词可以与表达时间段状语连用。

表达时间段短语有：⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词，如since last year，since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终结性动词、瞬间动词，表达不能延续动作,这种动作发生后及时结束。

如:open，die，close，begin，finish，come，go，move，borrow，lend，buy等。

非延续性动词在必定句中与表达时间点状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话意思是指她离开动作是5分钟之前发生，是过去时。

也就是说从她离开到当前已有五分钟了，这个动作是延续，要用当前完毕时，并且要把本来短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

某些短暂性动词及相应延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick，asleep)→be ill(sick，asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish → be o ver come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。