现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结

4句顺口溜记住完成时态中15个瞬间性动词与延续性动词的转换4句顺口溜记住完成时态中15个瞬间性动词与延续性动词的转换现在完成时态有两种用法：一是表示某个动作到现在为止已经完成，二是表示某个动作从过去一直持续到现在。

在第二种用法中，动词需要用延续性动词，常见且容易考的延续性动词并不是很多。

为了方便大家掌握，我把这些动词编成下面这4句顺口溜：借买离开死来到，开始加入患感冒，打开关上又担心，回来结婚睡着了。

上面这四话话中包含15个瞬间性的动词，又叫终止性动词。

现在我们来对其中的每一个动词进行解释。

在下面每一组中文意思的后面，前面一个词是瞬间性动词，后面一个词是对应的延续性动词：1、借：borrow—keepBorrow不具有延续性，但可用keep替换，因为keep本身的意思表示“保存”，它具有延续性。

如：I have borrowed the book for two days. 这本书我借了两天了。

（错误，改为kept）2、买：buy—haveBuy不具有延续性，但have表示“有”，这是一种状态，当然就有延续性。

如：He has bought this bike for half a year.这辆自行车买了有半年了。

（错误，改为had）3、离开：leave—be awayLeave不具有延续性，但be是表状态的词，所有表状态的词都具有延续性。

如：He has left here since last year. 他自从去年就离开这儿了。

（错误，改为been away）4、死：die—be deadDie是瞬间性动词，马上发生也马上结束了，“死”这个动作不可能持续好长一段时间，但be dead表示“是死的”，自然就能持续了。

如：His grandpa has died for two years. 他爷爷去逝两年了。

（错误，改为been dead）5、来：come (to)—be (in/at)表示来到城市、国家等大地方，就用be in，如果是来到一个小地方，介词就用at。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换之樊仲川亿创作动词按其动作产生的方法、产生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词.一.延续性动词暗示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等.延续性动词可以与暗示时间段的状语连用.暗示时间段的短语有: ⑴ for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago.例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 暗示不克不及延续的动作,这种动作产生后立即结束.如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等.非延续性动词在肯定句中与暗示时间点的状语连用,如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前产生的,是过去时.也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了,这个动作是延续的,要用现在完成时,并且要把原来的短暂性动词改成延续性动词.一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→be here (in)begin(start)→be ondie →be deadcomehere（back）→be here（back）leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→be upgo/ get out（there）→be out（there）fini sh →be overput on →wear 或be onopen →be open（keep sth. open）join →be in或be a member of…+组织机构close →be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →knowbegin to study→studycome to work→workmove to → live infinish→ be overcome to → be insit down → be seatedmarry → be marrieddress → be dressedbecome → be。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有:⑴f。

计一段时间，如：for 2 years; (2) since从句，如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词，女口since last year, since 5 days ago。

例：He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock; 例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：(考试重点)例: He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词:arrive (get to /reach) —* be here 0n) begin(start) —> be on die —> be dead come here (back) —be here (back) leave —> be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)—>be ill(sick^ asleep) get up—> be up go/ get out (there) —> be out (there) finish f be over put on —> wear 或be onopen —> be open (keep sth. open)join —> be in 或be a member of・••+组织机构close f be closed go to school —> be a student borrow —>keep buy/get —>have catch(a cold) t have(a cold) get to know —> know begjn to study —> study come to work —> work move to —> live in finish —> be over come to —> be in sit down —> be seated marry —> be married dress f be dressed become —> be如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合!。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时是英语中一种重要的时态形式，用于表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成的影响或结果。

在现在完成时中，有两类常见的动词形式，即瞬间动词与延续性动词。

本文旨在总结现在完成时中瞬间动词如何变成延续性动词的规则和特点。

1. 延续性动词的定义：延续性动词表示一个动作或状态在时间上的延续，通常与时间段、频率或者持续性相联系。

例如：live（居住），work（工作），study（学习）等。

2. 瞬间动词的定义：瞬间动词表示一个动作或状态在时间上的瞬间发生，通常没有延续性。

例如：arrive（到达），finish（完成），buy （购买）等。

现在完成时中，将瞬间动词转变为延续性动词的方法如下：1. 加入持续性的时间状语：通过加入表示时间段的状语来表达动作的延续性。

例如：- He has been living in London for three years.（他已经在伦敦居住三年了。

）- She has been studying English since last month.（她从上个月开始一直在学习英语。

）2. 加入频率状语：通过加入表示动作频率的状语来表达延续性。

例如：- They have been playing tennis every weekend.（他们每个周末都在打网球。

）- I have been working out at the gym twice a week.（我每周在健身房锻炼两次。

）3. 加入表示动作状态的状语：通过加入表示动作状态的状语来表达延续性。

例如：- The team has been practicing hard for the upcoming tournament.（这个团队一直在为即将到来的比赛进行努力训练。

）- She has been studying diligently for her exams.（她为了考试一直努力学习。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be overput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work move to → live in finish → be over come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结在现代汉语中，现在完成时是表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响的一种时态。

而在现在完成时中，瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法有所不同。

本文将从理论和实践两个方面，对现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词进行总结。

一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。

例如：I have seen that movie.(我已经看过那部电影了。

)二、瞬间动词变延续性动词1. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的方法在现在完成时中，瞬间动词变为延续性动词的方法主要是通过加上“-ing”后缀。

例如：come -> coming;go -> going;see -> seeing等。

这种变化使得原本表示瞬间动作的动词变成了表示持续性动作的动词。

2. 延续性动词的使用场合延续性动词表示的动作在时间上没有明确的结束点，通常是持续性的。

在现在完成时中，延续性动词的使用场合主要包括以下几种：(1)表示一个长时间内一直在进行的动作。

例如：I have been studying English for 5 years.(我已经学习英语5年了。

)(2)表示一个习惯性的动作或者状态。

例如：She has been playing the piano since she was a child.(她从小就一直在弹钢琴。

)(3)表示一个与现在有关联的动作或状态。

例如：He has been living in this city for 3 years.(他已经在这个城市生活了3年了。

)三、结论现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词是一种常见的语法现象。

通过掌握这种现象，我们可以更好地理解和使用现在完成时这一时态。

这也有助于我们提高自己的语言表达能力，使我们的语言更加地规范和准确。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结一、现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的概述在我们的日常生活和工作中，我们经常会遇到一些需要表达动作持续时间的情况。

这时候，我们就需要使用现在完成时来表示这个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在。

而在这个过程中，有些瞬间动词会变成延续性动词，这样可以让我们的表达更加准确和自然。

本文将对现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词进行详细的理论分析和探讨。

二、现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的分类在现在完成时中，瞬间动词变延续性动词主要可以分为以下几类：1. 以“-ing”结尾的瞬间动词这类动词在变成延续性动词时，通常会在词尾加上“-e”或“-d”，然后再加上“-ing”。

例如：stop -> stopped, start -> started, eat -> eaten等。

2. 以“-e”结尾的瞬间动词这类动词在变成延续性动词时，通常会在词尾加上“-ed”，然后再加上“-ing”。

例如：come -> came, go -> gone, leave -> left等。

3. 以辅音字母+“y”结尾的瞬间动词这类动词在变成延续性动词时，通常会在词尾加上“-ied”，然后再加上“-ing”。

例如：try -> tried, stop -> stopped, care -> cared等。

4. 以元音字母+“y”结尾的瞬间动词这类动词在变成延续性动词时，通常会在词尾加上“-ied”，然后再加上“-ing”。

例如：carry -> carried, carry -> carrying, say -> said等。

三、现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的使用技巧虽然现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词有很多种类，但是我们在实际使用过程中还是需要注意一些技巧：1. 要注意区分瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法。

有时候，两个词看起来很相似，但实际上它们的用法是不同的。

现在完成时中非延续性动词（瞬间动词）与延续性动词的转换leave → be away离开;borrow → keep借;buy → have买;begin/start → be on开始/上演;die → be dead;finish ／end ／stop→ be over结束/完成join → be in+组织机构或be a member of+组织机构；open/close sth → keep sth open/closed；fall ill → be ill；get up → be up；catch ／get a cold → have a cold感冒；come here → be here；go there → be there；become → be成为；come back → be back；fall asleep → be asleep睡着；get to/ arrive/reach → be (in)；leave → be away from；get to know → know；go (get) out → be out；put on → wear；catch a cold →have a cold; go to school → be in school ／be a student上学; go abroad → be abroad去国外;marry → be married（to）结婚; wake up → be awake 醒;make friends with → be friends with成为/交朋友;lose → be lost ／be missing ／be gone 丢失; lose one's job ／work → be out of work ／a job请看例句1.The old man died 4 years ago.→ The old man has been dead for 4 years.→ It is 4 years since the old man died.→ Four years has passed since the old man died.请看例句2.He joined the Party 2 years ago.→ He has been in the Party for 2 years.→He has been a Party member for 2 years.请看例句3. He joined the army 5 years ago.→ He has been in the army for 5 years.→ He has served in the army for 5 years.→He has been a soldier for 5 years.请看例句4.I bought the book 5 days ago.→ I have had the book for 5 days.。

持续性动词与非持续性动词及其变换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为持续性动词与非持续性动词。

一.持续性动词表示能够持续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, sta等y 。

持续性动词能够与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since 从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has livedhere for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非持续性动词也称停止性动词、瞬时动词, 表示不可以持续的动作,这类动作发生后立刻结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等。

非持续性动词在一定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.持续性动词与非持续性动词之间的变换：（考试要点）例：He left five minutesago. = He has been awayfor five minutes.这句话的意思是指他走开的动作是 5 分钟以前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他走开到此刻已经有五分钟了，这个动作是持续的，要用此刻达成时，并且要把本来的短暂性动词改为持续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的持续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→be here (in)begin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome here（back）→be here（back）leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep) →be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be upgo/ get ou（t there）→be out（there）finish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen →be open（keep sth. open）join →be in或be a member of +⋯组织机构close →be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know k→nowbegin to study→studycome to work→workmove to →live infinish →be overcome to →be insit down →be seatedmarry →be marrieddress →be dressedbecome→be3。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）是英语语法中的一种时态，用来表示过去发生的动作或者状态与现在的关系。

在现在完成时中，瞬间动词（Instantaneous Verbs）可以变成延续性动词（Continuative Verbs），从而改变其表达的意义和使用方式。

本文将对现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的规则进行总结和归纳，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用。

一、瞬间动词（Instantaneous Verbs）瞬间动词是指表达一种在短时间内完成的动作或者状态的动词。

这类动词通常表示瞬间、短暂的行为或事件，其行为发生的时间很快，没有持续性。

以下是一些常见的瞬间动词：1. get（得到）2. arrive（到达）3. come（来）4. open（打开）5. close（关闭）6. finish（结束）7. start（开始）8. buy（购买）9. sell（出售）10. win（赢得）等等。

二、瞬间动词变延续性动词的规则现在完成时中，瞬间动词可以通过一些规则变成延续性动词，从而具有持续性。

一般而言，瞬间动词变延续性动词的方式有两种：添加辅助动词"have been"或使用"for"或"sice"引导的时间状语从句。

1. 添加辅助动词"have been"瞬间动词可以通过在其前面添加"have been"来表示一个动作或状态的持续性。

这种形式常常用于描述一个从过去某个时间开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

例如：- I have been living in this city for three years.（我在这个城市生活已经三年了。

）- He has been working on this project all day.（他从早到晚一直在做这个项目。

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换之阿布丰王创作动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

一.延续性动词暗示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

延续性动词可以与暗示时间段的状语连用。

暗示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵ since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago。

例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 暗示不克不及延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。

如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与暗示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。

也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，而且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。

一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→be here (in)begin(start)→be ondie →be deadcomehere（back）→be here（back）leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→be upgo/ get out（there）→be out（there）finish →be overput o n →wear 或be onopen →be open（keep sth. open）join →be in或be a member of…+组织机构close →be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→studycome to work→work move to → live in finish→ be over come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。

现在完成式中瞬间性动词如何变为延续性动词。

在完成式中,一个瞬间性动词（一次性动作如buy，borrow，die,leave,begin,join等)不能与表示一段时间的状语（for, since， how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。

如：He borrowed a book two days ago.(用现在完成式表达）He has kept the book for two days。

他持有这本书两年了。

1、他三年前买了一辆车。

___________________________________2、他两年前参了军。

___________________________________答案：1、He has had a car for three years。

或He has bought a car。

或He bought a car three years ago.2、He has been in the army for two years.或He has joined the army。

He joined the army two years ago。

切记:有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：His father has died.His father has been dead for three years。

他父亲已经去世三年了。

She has joined the Party/League.She has been in the Party/ League for two months.=She has been a Party/ League member for twomonths。

他已经入党/团两个月了。

The film has started/begun.The film has been on/ lasted since 5 minutes ago.电影已经开始5分钟了。

现在完成时之瞬间动词转变为持续性动词（1）专题讲解：在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语(for, since, how long等)连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词.Eg:buy ( bought ) --- have / has had 买borrow (borrowed) --- have / has kept 借die ( died ) --- have / has been dead 死leave ( left ) --- have / has been away ( from ) 离开begin ( began ) --- have / has been on 开始join ( joined) --- have / has been in 参加、--- have / has been a ( party) membergo (went) --- have / has been there / in 去come/arrive/reach/get to --- have / has been here / in 来/到达end (ended) ----- have/has been over 结束eg. The film began five minutes ago.------The film has been on for five minutes.------It has been five minutes since the film began.用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词.1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋open代open7、be closed代close/shut用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin*2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to四、巩固练习：》将瞬间动词变成延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in....... got to/reached...... come/gone/moved to...... →2. have come/gone back/returned →3. have come/gone out →4. have become →5. have closed / opened→6. have fallen ill→7. have died →8. have left...... →*9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →10. have finished/ended/completed →11. have married →12. have begun →13. have borrowed/bought →14. have/has gone to →15. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→当堂过手练习：1、Her grandfather ______ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .&A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in3、—Do you know him well— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made4、—How long have you ____ here—About two months .A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived5、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began6、It _____ ten years since he left the army .·A. isB. hasC. willD. was7、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been8、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to ChinaA. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived9、The factory ____ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened10、Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.A. have madeB. have beenC. madeD. have become11、The meeting _____ for a week now.：A. has finishedB. has endedC. has been over been over12、Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been inB. has come toC. has taughtD. has gone to13、Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .A. has beenB. has becomeC. wasD. became14、I ______ home for a week.A. have returnedB. have been backC. returned been back to15、Ever since then, Tom _______a fan of classical music.A. has been C. has become D. have been。

现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词的总结一、1.1 现在完成时的基本概念现在完成时是英语中的一种时态，它表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

在现在完成时中，我们使用助动词“have/has”加上过去分词来构成。

例如，“I have eaten breakfast.”(我已经吃了早餐。

)二、1.2 瞬间动词与现在完成时的转换瞬间动词是指那些表示一次性动作的动词，例如：eat(吃)、drink(喝)、sleep(睡)等。

这些动词在现在完成时中不能直接使用，需要将其变为延续性动词。

延续性动词是指那些可以表示持续一段时间的动作或状态的动词，例如：work(工作)、study(学习)等。

要将瞬间动词变为延续性动词，我们需要找到一个合适的词语来替换原动词，以表示动作的持续性。

例如，将“eat”变为“have been eating”，将“drink”变为“have been drinking”。

三、2.1 瞬间动词与现在完成时的转换方法在将瞬间动词变为延续性动词时，我们需要注意以下几点：1. 使用助动词“have/has”加上过去分词的形式。

2. 在过去分词前加上“been”。

3. 根据需要添加适当的副词，如“already”、“just”、“yet”等。

例如，“eat”变为“have been eating”的过程如下：确定主语和助动词。

然后，在谓语动词后加上“been”。

根据需要添加副词。

四、2.2 延续性动词的例子及其用法下面是一些常见的延续性动词及其用法：1. work:我已经开始工作了(I have already started working.);2. study:我正在学习汉语(I am studying Chinese.);3. play:他刚刚玩了一会儿(He has just played for a while.);4. read:她一直在读这本书(She has been reading this book all day.);5. sleep:他们已经睡了一整晚(They have slept all night.)。