英语中名词复数的不规则变化

名词变复数分为规则变化和不规则变化：一. 规则变化1) 一般情况在词尾加-s清辅音后读/s/ map-maps book-books浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags car-cars2) 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的，加-es ，bus-buses watch-watches3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y 为i再加es ，family---families baby---babies注意：以y结尾的专有名词变复数时，直接加s two Marys the Henrys 4) 以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加–s , boy-boys toy-toys key-keysholiday-holidays5）以辅音字母加o 结尾的名词变复数有两种形式：1. 无生命的物体后加s如：photo---photos piano---pianos2. 有生命的物体后加es如：potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes hero---herosNegro---Negros这五个词速记口诀：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆6）以元音字母加o 结尾的名词变复数时直接加-s如：radio---radios zoo---zoos bamboo---bamboos7）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：1. 改f, fe 为v 再加es，如：wife---wives knife---knives wolf---wolves thief---thieves shelf---shelves half---halves leaf---leaves self---selveslife---lives连成口诀就是：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

2. 直接加s，如：gulf---gulfs roof---roofs chief---chiefs surf---surfsbelief---beliefs proof---proofshandkerchief—handkerchiefs；连成口诀就是：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们没信仰，证据就在手帕上。

英语名词复数变化小结英语名词有复数形式，其变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种：一．规则变化1．直接加-s。

例如：desks(课桌), pens(钢笔),books(书籍), fans(粉丝), cars(小汽车) 2．以“丝”音或s, x sh, ch等字母结尾的名词加-es。

例如：buses(公共汽车),boxes(盒子), dishes(盘子), watches(手表)3．以y结尾的名词1). 以辅音字母加y的名词变y为i再加-es。

例如：family---families(家庭)，city---cities(城市)，country---countries(国家), study---studies(学习), etc. 2）. 以元音字母加y的名词只加-s。

例如：key---keys(钥匙)，boy---boys(男孩)，play---plays(戏剧)，toy---toys(玩具)，二．不规则变化1. 变内部元音。

例如：man---men(男人), woman---women(女人), foot---feet(英尺，脚), tooth---teeth(牙),goose--- geese(鹅),mouse---mice(老鼠), louse---lice(虱子)2. 词尾加-en构成。

例如：ox---oxen(牛),child---children(孩子)3. 以f或fe结尾的名词1). 去掉f或fe加-ves。

例如：half---halves(半),thief---thieves(贼), wife---wives(妻子),life---lives(生命),knife --- knives(小刀), wolf---wolves(狼), calf---calves(小牛),shelf--- shelves(架子),leaf--- leaves(叶), loaf---loaves(面包的块、条), sheaf---sheaves(捆), self--- selves(自己)2). 直接加-s.。

英语词汇中的名词复数形式有哪些变化在学习英语的过程中，名词的复数形式是一个重要的语法点。

掌握名词复数形式的变化规则，对于准确表达数量、理解句子含义以及提高英语语言能力都有着至关重要的作用。

下面我们就来详细了解一下英语词汇中名词复数形式的常见变化。

一、一般规则1、大多数名词在词尾直接加“s”例如：book books，pen pens，car cars 等。

这是最常见也是最简单的一种复数形式变化。

2、以“s”“x”“ch”“sh”结尾的名词，在词尾加“es”比如：bus buses，box boxes，watch watches，brush brushes 。

需要注意的是，“ch”的发音为tʃ时，名词才加“es”。

3、以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的名词，要把“y”变为“i”，再加“es”例如：baby babies，city cities，factory factories 。

但如果“y”前面是元音字母，则直接加“s”，如：boy boys，day days 。

4、以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词，多数把“f”或“fe”变为“v”，再加“es”常见的有：leaf leaves，knife knives，wife wives 。

但也有一些直接加“s”的，如：roof roofs，belief beliefs 。

二、不规则变化1、元音发生变化例如：man men，woman women，foot feet，tooth teeth 。

2、词尾发生变化child children，mouse mice 。

3、单复数同形这类名词比较特殊，常见的有：sheep sheep，deer deer，fish fish 。

需要注意的是，当“fish”表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加“es”变为“fishes”。

4、集体名词有些集体名词，如：people，police 等，本身就表示复数概念，不需要再加“s”。

三、复合名词的复数形式1、由“man”“woman”构成的复合名词，两个部分都要变为复数如：man teacher men teachers，woman doctor women doctors 。

名词变复数不规则变化标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]名词变复数不规则变化：1.单词内部发生变化：口诀“oo常常变ee，男人女人a变e”eg：foot→feet脚；tooth→teeth牙齿；man→men男人；woman→women女人；2.单复数相同：“羊鱼小鹿无变化，单数复数是一家”eg：sheep→sheep绵羊；fish→fish鱼；deer→deer鹿；3.不规则变化：child→children孩子；mouse→mice老鼠；4“某国人”的复数有三种类型：口诀“中日不变，英法变，其它S加后边”（1）Chinese, Japanese单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men；（3）其他各国人以–an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。

如：Americans, Australians, Germans5.一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shoes, glasses, gloves, shorts, clothes, socks6.代词的复数: It, he, she →they; I→we; you→you; this→these; that→those二.不可数名词：⒈不可数名词概念：不可以数出数目的名词叫做不可数名词。

⒉不可数名词特点：⑴不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与a, an 及数词连用，常作单数看待。

例：water There’s some water in the bottle.food My favourite food is noodles.⑵不可数名词如表数量，常和a bottle of,a glass of a pieces of 等名词词组连用。

如表示复数，只把量词改为复数。

例：a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 两杯桔子汁，three cups of tea 三杯茶，a piece of paper一张纸⑶有些物质名词有时可数，有时不可数，要根据上下文决定，其意义也有所不同。

英语名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

2）单复同形如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说
a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

名次变复数----规则规则与不规则名词的变化一、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies、4)以f 或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives、但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs、以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes、其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos、不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children,man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice、某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena、(um/on→a)analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses、(is→es )复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework、以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student women students、其它复合名词变复数:grown up→grown ups,brother in law→brothers in law, stand by→stands by、二、不规则变化几乎所有单词arise 出现arose arisenawake 醒来awoke awaked / awokenbaby-sit 临时照顾baby-sat baby-satbe(am / is / are) 就是was / were beenbeat 击打beat beatenbecome 变成became becomebegin 开始began begunbend 使弯曲bent bentbet 赌bet betbite 咬bit bitten / bitblow 吹blew blownbreak 打破broke brokenbring 拿来brought broughtbuild 建造built builtburn 燃烧burnt / burned burnt / burned buy 买bought boughtcan 能could ×cast 抛cast castcatch 捕捉caught caughtchoose 选择chose chosencome 来came comecost 花费cost costcut 割cut cutdeal 分配dealt dealtdig 挖dug dugdo / does 做did donedraw 画,拉,拖drew drawndream 做梦dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt drink 喝drank drunkdrive 驾驶drove driveneat 吃ate eatenfall 掉落fell fallenfeed 喂fed fedfeel 触摸felt feltfight 作战fought foughtfind 找出found foundfly 飞flew flownforbid 禁止forbade / forbad forbiddenforget 忘记forgot forgot / forgottenforgive 原谅forgave forgivenfreeze 结冰froze frozenget 得到got gotgive 给gave givengo 去went gonegrow 成长grew grownhang 挂/ 绞死hung / hanged hung / hangedhave / has 有had had be was/were been (be动词) do did done (助动词)speak spoke spoken (讲话)read read read (阅读)cut cut cut (切)cost cost cost (花费)go went gone (去,走)feel felt felt (感觉)dig dug dug (挖)overcome overcame overcome (克服)come came come (来)write wrote written (写)get got gotten (自己查一下,这个词要瞧用在那里了) see saw seen (瞧)spend spent spent (花费)put put put (放下)find fought fought (找,查明)deal dealt dealt (分配)bend bent bent (使…变曲)fight fought fought (搏斗,奋斗)keep kept kept (留下,保留,继续)lay laid lain (放置,躺下,保留)lend lent lent (借出,借给)lose lost lost(失去,丧失)sit sat sat (坐,就坐)sleep slept slept(睡觉,睡着)英语不规则动词表Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle不定式过去式过去分词abide abode,abided abode,abidedarise arose arisenawake awoke,awaked awoken,awakedbe(am,is,are) was;were beenbear bore borne,bornbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebefall befell befallenbeget begot begotten,begotbegin began begunbehold beheld beheldbend bent bentbereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereftbeseech besought,beseeched besought,beseeched beset beset besetbespeak bespoke bespoken,bespokebespread bespread bespreadbestrew bestrewed bestrewn,bestrewedbestride bestrode,bestrid bestridden,bestridbet bet,betted bet,bettedbetake betook betakenbethink bethought bethoughtbid bade,bid bidden,bidbide bode,bided bidedbind bound boundbite bit bitten,bitbleed bled bledblend blended,blent blended,blentbless blessed,blest blessed,blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted browbeat browbeat browbeatenbuild built builtburn burnt,burned burnt,burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcast cast castcatch caught caughtchide chid,chided chid,chidden,chidedchoose chose chosencleave cleaved,cleft,clove cleaved,cleft,cloven cleave cleaved,clave cleavedcling clung clungclothe clothed,clad clothed,cladcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed,crew crowedcut cut cutdeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdispread dispread dispreaddo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamtdrink drank drunkdrive drove drivendwell dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelledeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownforbear forbore forborneforbid forbade,forbad forbidden,forbidfordo fordid fordoneforecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted forego forewent foregoneforeknow foreknew foreknownforerun foreran forerunforesee foresaw foreseenforeshow foreshowed foreshownforetell foretold foretoldforget forgot forgotten,forgotforgive forgave forgivenforsake forsook forsakenforswear forswore forswornfreeze froze frozengainsay gainsaid gainsaidget got got,gottengild gilded,gilt gilded,giltgird girded,girt girded,girtgive gave givengo went gonegrave graved graven,gravedgrind ground groundgrow grew grownhamstring hamstrung,hamstringed hamstrung,hamstringed hang hung,hanged hung,hangedhave(has) had hadhear heard heardheave heaved,hove heaved,hovehew hewed hewn,hewedhide hid hidden,hidhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtinlay inlaid inlaidkeep kept keptkneel knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeledknit knitted,knit knitted,knitknow knew knownlade laded laded,ladenlay laid laidlead led ledlean leaned,leant leaned,leantleap leapt,leaped leapt,leapedlearn learned,learnt learned,learntleave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlight lit,lighted lit,lightedlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantmeet met metmelt melted melted,moltenmisdeal misdealt misdealtmisgive misgave misgivenmislay mislaid mislaidmislead misled misledmistake mistook mistakenmisunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mowed,mownoutbid outbid outbid,outbiddenoutbreed outbred outbredoutdo outdid outdoneoutdraw outdrew outdrawnoutgo outwent outgoneoutgrow outgrew outgrownoutlay outlaid outlaidoutride outrode outriddenoutrun outran outrunoutsell outsold outsoldoutshine outshone outshoneoutshoot outshot outshotoutsit outsat outsatoutspend outspent outspentoutspread outspread outspreadoutwear outwore outwornoverbear overbore overborneoverbid overbid overbidden,overbid overblow overblew overblownoverbuild overbuilt overbuiltoverbuy overbought overboughtovercast overcast overcastovercome overcame overcomeoverdo overdid overdoneoverdraw overdrew overdrawnoverdrive overdrove overdrivenovereat overate overeatenoverfeed overfed overfedoverfly overflew overflownovergrow overgrew overgrownoverhang overhung overhungoverhear overheard overheardoverlay overlaid overlaidoverleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped overlie overlay overlainoverpay overpaid overpaidoverride overrode overriddenoverrun overran overrunoversee oversaw overseenoversell oversold oversoldoverset overset oversetoversew oversewed oversewed,oversewn overshoot overshot overshotoversleep overslept oversleptoverspend overspent overspentoverspread overspread overspreadovertake overtook overtakenoverthrow overthrew overthrownoverwind overwound overwoundoverwrite overwrote overwrittenpartake partook partakenpay paid paidprecast precast precastprove proved proved,provenput put putquit quitted,quit quitted,quitread read[red] read[red]reave reaved,reft reaved,reftrebuild rebuilt rebuiltrecast recast recastreeve rove,reeved rove,reevedrelay relaid relaidrend rent rentrepay repaid repaidreset reset resetretell retold retoldrid rid,ridded rid,riddedride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrive rived riven,rivedrun ran runsaw sawed sawn,sawedsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewn,sewedshake shook shakenshave shaved shaved,shavenshear sheared shorn,shearedshed shed shedshine shone shoneshoe shod,shoed shod,shoed,shodden shoot shot shotshow showed shown,showedshred shredded,shred shredded,shred shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken shrive shrove,shrived shriven,shrived shut shut shutsing sang,sung sungsink sank,sunk sunk,sunkensit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slid,sliddensling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsmell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled smite smote smitten,smotesow sowed sown,sowedspeak spoke spokenspeed sped,speeded sped,speeded spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled spend spent spentspill spilt,spilled spilt,spilledspin spun spunspit spat,spit spat,spitsplit split splitspoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled spread spread spreadspring sprang,sprung sprungstand stood stoodstave staved,stove staved,stove steal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungstink stank,stunk stunkstrew strewed strewn,strewedstride strode stridden,stridstrike struck struck,strickenstring strung strungstrive strove,strived striven,strived swear swore swornsweat sweat,sweated sweat,sweated sweep swept sweptswell swelled swollen,swelledswim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrive throve,thrived thriven,thrivedthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden,trodunbend unbent unbentunbind unbound unboundunbuild unbuilt unbuiltunderbid underbid underbidden,underbid underbuy underbought underbought undercut undercut undercutunderfeed underfed underfedundergo underwent undergoneunderlay underlaid underlaidunderlet underlet underletunderlie underlay underlainunderpay underpaid underpaidunderrun underran underrunundersell undersold undersoldunderset underset undersetundershoot undershot undershotunderstand understood understood undertake undertook undertakenunderwrite underwrote underwrittenundo undid undoneundraw undrew undrawnunfreeze unfroze unfrozenungird ungirded,ungirt ungirded,ungirt unhang unhung unhungunknit unknitted,unknit unknitted,unknit unlade unladed unladed,unladenunlay unlaid unlaidunlearn unlearnt,unlearned unlearnt,unlearned unmake unmade unmadeunreeve unrove,unreeved unrove,unreeved unsay unsaid unsaidunset unset unsetunsling unslung unslungunstick unstuck unstuckunstring unstrung unstrungunswear unswore unswornunteach untaught untaughtunthink unthought unthoughtuntread untrod untrodden,untrod unweave unwove unwovenunwind unwound unwoundupbuild upbuilt upbuiltuphold upheld uphelduppercut uppercut uppercutuprise uprose uprisenupset upset upsetupsweep upswept upsweptupswing upswung upswungwake waked,woke waked,woken,woke waylay waylaid waylaidwear wore wornweave wove wovenwed wedded,wed wedded,wedweep wept weptwet wetted,wet wetted,wetwin won wonwind winded,wound winded,woundwit(wot) wist wistwithdraw withdrew withdrawn withhold withheld withheldwithstand withstood withstoodwork worked,wrought worked,wrought wring wrung wrungwrite wrote written。

名次变复数----规则与不规则名词的变化以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.以辅音字母力口y 结尾的名词，变y 为i力口es:cities, babies, enemies. 4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加es:wives, knives但有些词只加s:roofs, proofs, chiefs.以o结尾的名词，有些加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes其它力口s:radio s, zoos, pia nos, photos.不规则名词：foot — feet, goose — geese, tooth — teeth, child — childre n,ma n — me n, womans wome n, sheep —sheep, deer —deer, mouse —mice.某些外来词变复数：datum —data, medium —media, bacterium —bacteria,curriculum —curricula, criterion —criteria, phenomenon —phenoumna.Qn —a) analysis —analyses, basis —bases, cris —crises,diag no sis —diag no sesi$ —es )复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework.以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservant f menservants, woman student women students. 其它复合名词变复数：grow n up f grow n ups,brother in law f brothers in law, stand by f stands by.二、不规则变化几乎所有单词arise 出现arose arisenawake 醒来awoke awaked / awokenbaby-sit 临时照顾baby-sat baby-satbe(am / is / are)是was / were beenbeat 击打beat beatenbegin 开始began begunbend 使弯曲bent bentbet 赌bet betbite 咬bit bitten / bitblow 吹blew blownbreak 打破broke brokenbring 拿来brought broughtbuild 建造built builtbur n 燃烧bur nt / bur ned bur nt / bur nedbuy 买bought boughtcan 能could xcast 抛cast castcatch 捕捉caught caught choose 选择chose chosencost 花费cost costcut 割cut cutdeal 分配dealt dealt dig 挖dug dug do / does 做did done draw 画，拉，拖drew drawn dream 做梦dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt drink 喝drank drunkdrive 驾驶drove driven eat 吃ate eaten fall 掉落fell fallen feed 喂fed fed feel 触摸felt felt fight 作战fought fought find 找出found found fly 飞flew flown forbid 禁止forbade / forbad forbiddenforget 忘记forgot forgot / forgotten forgive 原谅forgave forgiven freeze 结冰froze frozen get 得到got got give 给gave given go 去went gone grow 成长grew grown hang 挂/绞死hung / hanged hung / hanged have / has 有had had be was/were been （be动词） do did done （助动词）speak spoke spoken 讲（话） read read read （阅读）cut cut cut （切） cost cost cost （花费） go went gone （去,走） feel felt felt （感觉）dig dug dug （挖）write wrote written （写）get got gotten （自己查一下,这个词要看用在那里了）see saw seen 看（）spend spent spent （花费）put put put （放下）find fought fought （找，查明）deal dealt dealt （分配）bend bent bent （使…变曲）fight fought fought （搏斗，奋斗） keep kept kept （留下，保留，继续） lay laid lain （放置，躺下，保留） lend lent lent （借出，借给） lose lost lost（失去，丧失） sit sat sat （坐，就坐）sleep slept slept（睡觉，睡着）英语不规则动词表Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle 不定式过去分词abide abode,abided abode,abided arise arose arisenawake awoke,awaked awoken,awakedbe（am,is,are） was;were beenbear bore borne,bornbeat beat beatenbefall befell befallenbeget begot begotten,begot begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent bereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft beseech besought,beseechedbesought,beseeched beset beset beset bespeak bespoke bespoken,bespoke bespread bespread bespread bestrew bestrewed bestrewn,bestrewed bestride bestrode,bestrid bestridden,bestrid bet bet,betted bet,betted betake betook betaken bethink bethought bethought bid bade,bid bidden,bid bide bode,bided bided bind bound bound bite bit bitten,bit bleed bled bled blend blended,blent blended,blent bless blessed,blest blessed,blestblow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted browbeat browbeat browbeatenbuild built builtburn burnt,burned burnt,burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught chide chid,chided chid,chidden,chided choose chose chosencleave cleaved,cleft,clove cleaved,cleft,cloven cleave cleaved,clave cleaved cling clung clungclothe clothed,clad clothed,cladcost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed,crew crowedcut cut cutdeal dealt dealt dig dug dug dispread dispread dispread do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamed,dreamt dreamed,dreamt drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt,dwelled dwelt,dwelled eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbear forboreforborne forbid forbade,forbad forbidden,forbidfordo fordid fordoneforecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecasted forego forewent foregone foreknow foreknew foreknown forerun foreran forerun foresee foresaw foreseen foreshow foreshowed foreshown foretell foretold foretold forget forgot forgotten,forgot forgive forgave forgiven forsake forsook forsaken forswear forswore forsworn freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got got,gotten gild gilded,gilt gilded,gilt gird girded,girt girded,girt give gave given go went gone grave graved graven,graved grind ground groundgrow grew grownhamstring hamstrung,hamstringed hamstrung,hamstringed hang hung,hangedhung,hangedhave(has) had had hear heard heard heave heaved,hove heaved,hove hew hewed hewn,hewed hide hid hidden,hid hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt inlay inlaid inlaid keep kept kept kneel knelt,kneeled knelt,kneeled knit knitted,knit knitted,knit know knew known lade laded laded,laden lay laid laid lead led led lean leaned,leant leaned,leant leap leapt,leaped leapt,leapedlearn learned,learnt learned,learnt leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit,lighted lit,lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt melted melted,molten misdeal misdealt misdealt misgive misgave misgiven mislay mislaid mislaid mislead misled misled mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mowed,mown outbid outbidoutbid,outbidden outbreed outbred outbred outdo outdid outdoneoutdraw outdrew outdrawn outgo outwent outgone outgrow outgrew outgrown outlay outlaid outlaid outride outrode outridden outrun outran outrun outsell outsold outsold outshine outshone outshone outshoot outshot outshot outsit outsat outsat outspend outspent outspent outspread outspread outspread outwear outwore outworn overbear overbore overborne overbid overbid overbidden,overbid overblow overblew overblown overbuild overbuilt overbuilt overbuy overbought overbought overcast overcast overcast overdo overdid overdone overdraw overdrew overdrawn overdrive overdrove overdriven overeat overate overeaten overfeed overfed overfed overfly overflew overflown overgrow overgrew overgrown overhang overhung overhung overhear overheard overheard overlay overlaid overlaid overleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped overlie overlay overlain overpay overpaid overpaid override overrode overridden overrun overran overrun oversee oversaw overseen oversell oversold oversold overset overset overset oversew oversewed oversewed,oversewn overshoot overshot overshot oversleep overslept overslept overspend overspent overspent overspread overspread overspreadovertake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown overwind overwound overwound overwrite overwrote overwritten partake partook partaken pay paid paid precast precast precast prove proved proved,proven put put put quit quitted,quit quitted,quit read read[red] read[red] reave reaved,reft reaved,reft rebuild rebuilt rebuilt recast recast recast reeve rove,reeved rove,reeved relay relaid relaid rend rent rent repay repaid repaid reset reset reset retell retold retold rid rid,ridded rid,riddedride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen rive rived riven,rived run ran run saw sawed sawn,sawed say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn,sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved,shaven shear sheared shorn,sheared shed shed shed shine shone shone shoe shod,shoed shod,shoed,shodden shoot shot shot show showed shown,showed shred shredded,shred shredded,shred shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken shriveshrove,shrived shriven,shrived shut shut shut sing sang,sung sung sink sank,sunk sunk,sunken sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid,slidden sling slung slung slink slunk slunk slit slit slit smell smelt,smelled smelt,smelled smite smote smitten,smote sow sowed sown,sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped,speedsped,speed spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled spend spent spent spill spilt,spilledspilt,spilled spin spun spun spit spat,spit spat,spit split split split spoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiled spread spread spread spring sprang,sprung sprung stand stood stood stave staved,stove staved,stove steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank,stunk stunk strew strewed strewn,strewed stride strode stridden,strid strike struck struck,stricken string strung strung strive strove,strived striven,strived swear swore sworn sweat sweat,sweated sweat,sweated sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen,swelledswim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought thrive throve,thrived thriven,thrived throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden,trod unbend unbent unbent unbind unbound unbound unbuild unbuilt unbuilt underbid underbid underbidden,underbid underbuy underbought underbought undercut undercut undercut underfeed underfed underfed undergo underwent undergone underlay underlaid underlaid underlet underlet underlet underlie underlay underlain underpay underpaid underpaid underrun underran underrunundersell undersold undersold underset underset underset undershoot undershotundershot understand understood understood undertake undertook undertakenunderwrite underwrote underwritten undo undid undone undraw undrew undrawnunfreeze unfroze unfrozen ungird ungirded,ungirt ungirded,ungirt unhang unhungunhung unknit unknitted,unknit unknitted,unknit unlade unladed unladed,unladen unlayunlaid unlaid unlearn unlearnt,unlearned unlearnt,unlearned unmake unmade unmadeunreeve unrove,unreeved unrove,unreeved unsay unsaid unsaidunset unset unset unsling unslung unslung unstick unstuck unstuck unstring unstrungunstrung unswear unswore unsworn unteach untaught untaught unthink unthoughtunthought untread untrod untrodden,untrod unweave unwove unwoven unwind unwoundunwound upbuild upbuilt upbuilt uphold upheld upheld uppercut uppercut uppercut uprise uprose uprisen upset upset upset upsweep upswept upswept upswing upswung upswung wake waked,woke waked,woken,woke waylay waylaid waylaid wear wore worn weave wove wovenwed wedded,wed wedded,wed weep wept wept wet wetted,wet wetted,wet win won won wind winded,wound winded,wound wit(wot) wist wist withdraw withdrew withdrawn withhold withheld withheld withstand withstood withstood work worked,wrought worked,wrought wring wrung wrung write wrote written。

标题：深度探讨：名词变复数不规则变化笔记整理一、引言在英语语法中，名词的复数形式通常是通过在词尾加上-s或-es来构成的。

然而，有一些名词的复数形式却不按照规律进行变化，这就是不规则变化。

本文将深入探讨名词变复数不规则变化的情况及常见例子，帮助读者更好地掌握英语语法规则。

二、名词变复数不规则变化的情况在英语中，有一些名词的复数形式并不按照通常的规则变化，而是采用了特殊的形式。

这些不规则变化的名词大多源自古英语，经过长期演变而形成了现在的形式。

在掌握不规则变化的名词时，需要对这些特殊情况进行深入了解和记忆。

三、常见的名词不规则变化情况1. 名词以-f或-fe结尾，变复数时变为-ves例：wife - wives, leaf - leaves2. 名词以-us结尾，变复数时变为-i例：cactus - cacti, fungus - fungi3. 名词以-o结尾，变复数时有多种形式例：potato - potatoes, hero - heroes, piano - pianos4. 名词本身形式完全变化例：man - men, woman - women, child - children这些是常见的名词变复数不规则变化的情况，通过反复练习和记忆这些例子，读者可以更好地掌握这些特殊情况。

四、不规则变化名词的用法不规则变化的名词在英语中使用十分广泛，涉及到日常交流、文学作品以及各类文体。

能熟练掌握这些名词的变复数形式，有助于提高英语表达的准确性和流利度。

五、个人观点与总结在学习英语语法时，不规则变化的名词形式可能会给学习者带来一定的困扰，但通过系统的学习和实践，是可以掌握这一规则的。

在平时的学习中，可以结合课堂教学和阅读，多多留意和积累这些不规则变化的名词，从而提升自己的语言表达能力。

总体而言，不规则变化的名词形式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，在学习和实践中需要反复强化。

希望本文能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这一规则，从而在英语学习中取得更好的成绩。

名词单数变复数的不规则变化
1. child—children
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
mouse—mice
man—men
woman—women
注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women，例如：an Englishman—two Englishmen
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans（鲍曼一家）。

2. 单复数同形的名词
例如：deer鹿，sheep绵羊，fish鱼，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人
注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例如: a dollar —two dollars
3. 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

例如：people人，police警察，cattle牛等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle
the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，例如：
The Chinese are hard-working and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

英语名词单数变复数口诀及不规则变化单数变为复数式，一般词尾加-s；下列句词词尾后，要加-s先加-e。

发音[f] 、[ t ]、[s]和[z]，或是某些辅音加-o时。

有些名词变复数，词尾变化要注意。

y前字母是辅音，一律变y为-ies.遇到f和fe，有时需要变-ves.少数名词不规则，特殊情况要强记。

说明：1．名词变复数形式，一般在词尾加-s.eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens, ....2．词尾发音为[f , t s, z]的名词（即以字母sh, ch, s, x结尾者）在变复数时，要在词尾加-es，eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc) 3．若词尾字母o的前面是辅音字母，变为复数时，有些加-es，eg: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.这四个词可组成一句话来记忆：Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes（英雄和黑人吃马铃薯和西红柿。

简为二人吃二菜。

）但有些以o结尾的名词则加-s，eg: photo –photoes, piano –pianos等。

4．若词尾字母y前加的是辅音字母时，变为复数，首先把y变为i，再加-es, eg: family –families, city- cities, baby –babies等，但若词尾y前为元音字母时，则可直接加-s, eg: day-days, boy-boys等。

5．以f和fe结尾的名词变复数时，首先将f和fe变为v, 再加-es，我们也可用一句话来记，“狼（wolf）和小偷（thief）的妻子（wife）用小刀（knife）威胁书架(shelf)上的半片（half）叶子（leaf）的生命（life）。

另外记住一些常见特殊词，eg: roof—roofs.6. 有些名词的复数变化是不规则的，eg: man-men, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等，平时多留心，稍微加以归纳，是不难发现其的特征的。

精心整理名次变复数----规则规则与不规则名词的变化一、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es:glasses,加以fe结尾但有些词只加以s:radios,zoos,pia不规则名词：复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：其它复合名词变复数：arisebeatbegin开始beganbegunbend使弯曲bentbentbet赌betbetbite咬bitbitten/bitblow吹blewblownbreakbringbuildburnbuycancast抛castcastcatch捕捉caughtcaught choose选择chosechosencome来camecome cost花费costcostcutdealdigdrawdrinkdrive驾驶drovedriven eat吃ateeatenfall掉落fellfallen feed喂fedfedfeel触摸feltfeltfightfindflyfreeze结冰frozefrozen get得到gotgotgive给gavegivengo去wentgonegrow成长grewgrownhangwritewrotewritten(写)getgotgotten(自己查一下,这个词要看用在那里了) seesawseen(看)spendspentspent(花费)putputput(放下)findfoughtfought(找，查明) dealdealtdealt(分配) bendbentbent(使…变曲) fightfoughtfought(搏斗，奋斗) keepkeptkept(留下，保留，继续)beatbeatbeaten becomebecamebecome befallbefellbefallen begetbegotbegotten,begot beginbeganbegunbeholdbeheldbeheldbendbentbentbereavebereaved,bereftbereaved,bereft beseechbesought,beseechedbesought,beseeched besetbesetbesetblessblessed,blestblessed,blest blowblewblownbreakbrokebrokenbreedbredbredbringbroughtbroughtbroadcastbroadcast,broadcastedbroadcast,broadcasted browbeatbrowbeatbrowbeatenbuildbuiltbuiltburnburnt,burnedburnt,burnedburstburstburstcutcutcutdealdealtdealtdigdugdugdispreaddispreaddispreaddodiddonedrawdrewdrawn dreamdreamed,dreamtdreamed,dreamt drinkdrankdrunk drivedrovedrivendwelldwelt,dwelleddwelt,dwelledforegoforewentforegone foreknowforeknewforeknown forerunforeranforerun foreseeforesawforeseen foreshowforeshowedforeshownforetellforetoldforetold forgetforgotforgotten,forgot forgiveforgaveforgiven forsakeforsookforsaken forswearforsworeforswornhearheardheard heaveheaved,hoveheaved,hove hewhewedhewn,hewed hidehidhidden,hidhithithitholdheldheldhurthurthurt inlayinlaidinlaid keepkeptkeptkneelknelt,kneeledknelt,kneeledloselostlost makemademade meanmeantmeant meetmetmet meltmeltedmelted,moltenmisdealmisdealtmisdealt misgivemisgavemisgiven mislaymislaidmislaid misleadmisledmisled mistakemistookmistakenoutshootoutshotoutshot outsitoutsatoutsat outspendoutspentoutspent outspreadoutspreadoutspread outwearoutworeoutwornoverbearoverboreoverborne overbidoverbidoverbidden,overbid overblowoverblewoverblown overbuildoverbuiltoverbuilt overbuyoverboughtoverboughtoverlieoverlayoverlain overpayoverpaidoverpaid overrideoverrodeoverridden overrunoverranoverrun overseeoversawoverseenoverselloversoldoversold oversetoversetoverset oversewoversewedoversewed,oversewn overshootovershotovershot oversleepoversleptoversleptreavereaved,reftreaved,reft rebuildrebuiltrebuilt recastrecastrecastreeverove,reevedrove,reeved relayrelaidrelaidrendrentrent repayrepaidrepaid resetresetreset retellretoldretoldridrid,riddedrid,riddedshakeshookshaken shaveshavedshaved,shaven shearshearedshorn,sheared shedshedshed shineshoneshoneshoeshod,shoedshod,shoed,shodden shootshotshot showshowedshown,showed shredshredded,shredshredded,shred shrinkshrank,shrunkshrunk,shrunkensowsowedsown,sowed speakspokespokenspeedsped,speededsped,speeded spellspelt,spelledspelt,spelled spendspentspentspillspilt,spilledspilt,spilled spinspunspunspitspat,spitspat,spit splitsplitsplitspoilspoilt,spoiledspoilt,spoiledswearsworesworn sweatsweat,sweatedsweat,sweated sweepsweptswept swellswelledswollen,swelled swimswamswumswingswungswung taketooktaken teachtaughttaught teartoretorntelltoldtoldunderlayunderlaidunderlaid underletunderletunderlet underlieunderlayunderlain underpayunderpaidunderpaid underrununderranunderrunundersellundersoldundersold undersetundersetunderset undershootundershotundershot understandunderstoodunderstood undertakeundertookundertakenunsetunsetunset unslingunslungunslung unstickunstuckunstuck unstringunstrungunstrung unswearunsworeunswornunteachuntaughtuntaught unthinkunthoughtunthought untreaduntroduntrodden,untrod unweaveunwoveunwoven unwindunwoundunwoundwetwetted,wetwetted,wet winwonwonwindwinded,woundwinded,wound wit(wot)wistwist withdrawwithdrewwithdrawnwithholdwithheldwithheld withstandwithstoodwithstood workworked,wroughtworked,wrought wringwrungwrung writewrotewritten。

初中英语中名词复数的不规则变化一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。

例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音变化：加读[z]。

例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo（鱼雷）→torpedoes; bingo（宾果游戏）→bingoes反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。

读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves反例：roof→roofs六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[əs]改读[ai]，其中[kəs]要改读为[sai]，[təs]要改读为[stai]。

例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。