表语从句

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语法表语从句一、课堂导入1. That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.2.That fact is that more than seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water.3. This is what I want.4. The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down.5. Next Sunday is when we shall meet.6. This is why I am late.7. My problem is which computer to choose.知识点1 :表语从句的概念概念:表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。

说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。

如:The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑主语连系动词形容词作表语The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪.主语连系动词一个句子作表语(表语从句)注意:“主语+系动词+表语从句”。

常见的连系动词有:be动词(am, is, are, was, were)、表示持续的系动词(keep, remain, stay)、感官动词feel(摸起来,感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来,吃起来) 等、表示变化的系动词(become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,)、表终止的系动词prove, turn out(结果是,证明是)、seem, appear(看起来...)表语从句都用陈述句语序:E.g.: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel这个问题是他什么时候能到达宾馆。

That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。

知识点2:表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的连接词分为三类:(1)从属连词:that, whether, as if.(从属连词在从句中不但当成分,只起连接作用,that无词义)(2)连接代词:Who, whoever, whom, whomever, what, whatever, which, whichever, whose.(连接代词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定的成分,起连接作用,有词义)(3)连接副词:when, where, why, how等。

(连接副词在从句中充当状语的成分,起连接作用,有词义)1、由从属连词that,whether,as if/as though引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”,表语从句不能用if引导。

这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。

表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。

例如:The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

as if/though“好像”,引导表语从句时要注意语态。

如果句中的情况与事实不相符,从句多用虚拟语气。

如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去式;如果从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词要用“h ad + 过去分词”;如果从句表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might ,could )+动词原形.Li Lei is now in a new jacket. He looks as if he were an American boy. (与现在事实相反)The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon. It seems as if she had been to the moon many times. (与过去事实相反)It looks as if it might rain. (与将来事实相反)但是,如果as if/though引导的表语从句所表示的与事实相符,从句则用陈述语气。

The clouds are gathering. It looks as if is going to rain.2. 连接代词:who/whom/whose/what/which/whoever/whatever/whichever/whomever,在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。

Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表语)The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语)This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语)The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定语)3. 连接副词:when/where/how/why,在表语从句中做状语。

The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

The question is where we can live. 问题是我们能住在哪儿。

知识点3:表语从句的句型区分1. reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because;The reason is that he got up late.2. that is why/because 区别:That is why ...是常用句型,其中why引导的从句在句中作表语,该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。

That is the reason why ...与That is why ...是同义的,“这就是……的原因”,但是从语That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。

(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)That is the reason why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。

(why 在定语从句中充当原因状语) That is because...句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常用句型,意为“这就是因为...”。

That is because I got up late. 这是因为我起床迟了。

知识点4:表语从句中应该注意的考点表语从句的虚拟语气当表命令、建议、坚持、要求等名词后跟的表语从句用虚拟语气:(should) + 动词原形。

建议suggest 、advise、propose、recommend;要求demand 、desire、request;命令order、command、require;坚决主张insist;E.g.:My suggestion is that the plan be put into practice. 我的建议是这个计划应该用于实践之中。

四、例题精析【例题1】【2016年北京卷】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】考查表语从句。

句意为:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。

系动词is后为表语从句,表语从句句意完整,不缺任何成分,因此用that,只起连接作用,故选B。

【例题2】【2015年安徽卷】25. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for.A. whatB. whomC. whyD. when【答案】A【解析】考查表语从句。

句意为:在港口的船只是安全的,但那不是建造船只的目的。

is后面为表语从句,表语从句中for后面缺宾语,what什么,for what表示建造船只的目的。

故选A。

【例题3】【2014年四川卷】2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ”That’s ________ I was born.”A. whenB. howC. whyD. where【答案】D【解析】考查表语从句。

句意为:奶奶指着那个医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。

”根据句意可知选D。

【2014年湖南卷】24. As John Lennon once said,life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A.which B.that C.what D.where【答案】C【解析】考查表语从句。

句意为:正如约翰·列侬曾经说过,当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时,生活已离我们远去。

在名词性从句中,当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,一般用连接代词what来引导。

本题表语从句缺少主语,故用what来引导。

故选C。

【例题5】【2014年北京卷】30. The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why【答案】B【解析】考查表语从句。

句意为:对足球明星来说最好的时刻就是他射门得分的时候。

Where表示地点,how表示方式,why结果;只有when表示的是时间。

故选B。

五、课堂运用【基础】1、The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether【答案】D【解析】考查表语从句。