2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林(江苏)版语法专题讲义：专题二 含答案

专题二 动词和动词短语

动词的辨析

动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点， 无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主 要指：

1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat 等。

2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish 等。

3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。 4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find 等。 5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear 等。 6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up 等。

题组训练 1

选词填空

A. remind，negotiate，fail，limit，order

1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.

2.If you don’t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.

3.Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.

4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.

5.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.

B. open，accumulate，reserve，earn，deny

6.Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities

than had been predicted from experiments in animals.

7.—Are you still mad at her?

—Not really，but I can’t deny that her remarks hurt me.

8.I’d prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.

9.You are old enough to earn your own living.

10.I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.

动词短语的核心考点

动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：

1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。

(1)动词＋副词(不及物) Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.

(2)动词＋副词(及物)

Please turn every light in the house off.

注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。

She turned off all the lights which had been left on.

②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。

She gave them away.

(3)动词＋介词(及物)

You should learn to care about others.

注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。

(4)动词＋副词＋介词

I look forward to seeing you soon.

注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物 的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。

In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉 after)

2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。

(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。

①hear from 收到……的来信

②look after 照料 look at 看

hear of 听说

look for 寻找

(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。

①ring back 回电话

ring up 打电话

②put away 放好，收起

ring off 挂断电话

put on 穿上；上演

put up 挂起；举起

(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。

look for 寻找

wait for 等候

ask for 请求 send

for 派人去叫

(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。

①break out 发生；爆发

go out 熄灭

let out 放出

sssssss 卖完

ttttttt 取出

②break down 坏了

get down 下车

write down 写下

carry out 进行；开展

hand out 分发

look out 当心

set out 出发

work out 算出

come down 落下来

take down 取下 题组训练 2

短语填空

A. speed up，work out，put up with，bring down

1.I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.

2.We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.

3.They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.

4.You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t work out as you expect.

B. care about，bring up，turn down，put up

5.—You look upset. What’s the matter?

—I had my proposal turned down again.

6.If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.

7.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.

8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.

C. take on，go over，come across，look up

9.To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.

10.I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.

11.She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.

12.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.

易错易混点

1.rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物动词，其过去式是 rose，过去分词是 risen，而 raise 是及物动词，是

规则动词。

2.hang 的用法：hang 有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；

二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hanged。

3.sit 与 seat：seat 为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit 只是表示一个动作；seat 表示“就座”时要用

be seated 或用 seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或 I seated myself in the armchair.

4.win 与 beat：win 作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接 a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest， a

race，a bet 等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我 赢得了他的好感。”而 beat 是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。

5.lost，gone 与 missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用 lost，gone，但要用 miss 时

则不能用 missed，而要用 missing。

1.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might the things they see.

(2018· 江苏，22)