2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+基础点课时+第1讲+Word版含答案

2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分+专题三+基础点课时+第1讲+Word版含答案

第1讲名词

解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词常修饰可数名词复数，也要注意修饰不可数名词的词或短语等，以用来判断其应为不可数名词还是可数名词的单复数形式，有时还要结合语境分析句子成分来判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。

考点感悟

考点素能

一名词复数变化规律

1．规则名词变复数的6种形式

(1)一般情况下，在词尾直接加－s：book→books,

mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls

(2)以－s, －x, －ch, －sh结尾的名词，在词尾加－es：glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes (3)以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es：city→cities,

country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories

(4)以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加－s：holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys

(5)以o结尾的名词常在词尾加－s：radio→radios, zoo→zoos,

piano→pianos, kilo→kilos, photo→photos；加－es的有：hero→heroes, Negro→Negroes, tomato→tomatoes,

potato→potatoes

(6)以－f, －fe结尾的名词

①少数直接加－s：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs

②一般以－f或－fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加－es：self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives,

leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves

2．不规则名词变复数的常见形式

(1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese, Swiss,

aircraft, spacecraft

(2)变内部元音：foot→feet, tooth→teeth, man→men,

woman→women

(3)外来名词：medium→media 媒体，phenomenon→phenomena 现象，analysis→analyses 分析

二常见的不可数名词

一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。

通常只用作不可数名词的有：milk, music, homework,

housework, weather, news, butter, information, knowledge,

bread, advice, progress, orange (橙汁), equipment, meat, fun,

luggage, luck, work (工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word (消息),

room (空间), man (人类)等。

三名词构词法(名词后缀)

1．动词变名词的后缀

2．形容词变名词的后缀

3．表示“人”的后缀

四区分名词或名词所有格作定语

1．名词作定语往往说明其名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等cotton goods 棉织品

bus driver 公交车司机

Beijing University 北京大学

evening suit 晚礼服

weather forecast 天气预报

2．名词所有格作定语往往表示所属关系

the students' books 学生们的书

过关检测(限时：30分钟)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Two ________ (German) were seen enter the building an hour ago. 答案：Germans

2．Whoever chooses to be happy must help others to find

________ (happy), for the welfare of each is bound up with the

welfare of all.

答案：happiness

3．The ________ (soldier) heroic deed earned him a medal.

答案：soldier's

4．We have two ________ (week) vacation for Christmas.

答案：weeks'

5．Without the proper treatment, minor ________ (injury) or

burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.

答案：injuries

6．The stores were overrun with rats and ________ (mouse)．

答案：mice

7．She was at her ________ (dentist) for two hours yesterday.

答案：dentist's

8．You are working too hard. You'd better keep a balance

between work and ________ (relax)．

答案：relaxation

9．She had views quite different from her ________ (father)．

答案：father's

10．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has

changed beyond ________ (recognize)．

答案：recognition

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Often she buys some toy for him to play with, especially

on his birthday.

________________________________________________________________

答案：toy→toys

2．During the next few days, we visited the world－famous sight, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace.

________________________________________________________________

答案：sight→sights

3．While I was walking on my way to school, I noticed two

cleaner sweeping the street.

________________________________________________________________

答案：cleaner→cleaners

4．They have probably heard some horrible stories about

other kid.

________________________________________________________________

答案：kid→kids

5．We were told about the enemy defeat by our forces.

________________________________________________________________

答案：enemy→enemy's

6．It's one of the most beautiful view that I've ever seen in

China.

________________________________________________________________

答案：view→views

7．My favorite sport is badminton, which brings me much

happy.

________________________________________________________________

答案：happy→happiness

8．I think you can make it if you follow the advices below.

________________________________________________________________

答案：advices→advice

9．We need to take action to develop a sound system that

advocates good behavior and keeps all necessary requirements

in minds.

________________________________________________________________

答案：minds→mind 10．Billy and I are good friends. I have some pictures of

Billy's. Look at this one. How sweet he is smiling.

________________________________________________________________

答案：Billy's→Billy

Ⅲ.语法填空

Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former

students and celebrating a school's __1__ (exist) in the United

States. People, towns, high schools, and colleges come together,

usually in late September or early October, to welcome back

alumni (校友) and former residents. It __2__ (build) around a

central event, such as a banquet and, most often, a game of

football, or, __3__ occasion, basketball, ice hockey or soccer. When

celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely. However, they

usually consist of a football game, activities for students and

alumni, a parade __4__ (feature) the school's marching band and