2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：语法 专题八 定语从句 含答案

专题八定语从句

关系代词

关系代词 先行词 句法功能

who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语

whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)

whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语

that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)

which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)

as 人或物 主语、宾语

Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded

a diploma by the headmaster.

每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。

My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.

我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。

1．关系代词that与which的用法

(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：

①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

你有什么要为自己说的吗？

②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。

This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

This is the only thing that we can do now.

这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。

③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.

我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。

Which is the bike that you lost?

哪辆是你丢的自行车？

Who is the boy that won the gold medal?

赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？

⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。

They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.

他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。

⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

上海不再是过去的那座城市了。

⑦主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。

There is a seat in the corner that is still available.

在那个角落还有一个座位可用。

(2)只用which不用that的情况：

①引导非限制性定语从句。

Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others

envy him.

海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。

②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。

③引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。

The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disappointing.

结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。

2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别

which as

位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中

搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see,

hear, know, expect, remember等

意思上 意为“这一点” 意为“正如……，正像……的那样”

She was late for school again, which was unexpected.

她上学又迟到了，这是始料不及的。

She was late for school again, as we expected.

正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。

[名师指津] as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；such (pron.)＋as (像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as (和……同样的)。

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.

我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。

I have the same book as he has.

我和他有同样的书。

[命题点感悟]

单句语法填空

①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________

showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths

from all causes.

解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。

②(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the

government started a soil-testing program________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to

farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soil-testing program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。

③(2017 ·浙江11月高考)The best part of the process is that there's enough room for

improvement, ________ means you'll just keep getting better and better.

解析：which 空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。

④(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to

prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

解析：who 分析句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah，故用关系代词who。

⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,

________ is on the rooftop of their house.

解析：which 空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。

⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things ________ were very important in my

life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.

解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，things作其后定语从句的先行词，并在从句中作主语，故关系代词用that或which。

关系副词

关系副词 先行词 句法功能

when 时间 时间状语

where 地点 地点状语

why 原因 原因状语(只引导限制性定语从句)

Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have

stood out among them.

《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。

The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn't study hard.

他考试失败的原因是他学习不努力。

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。

[名师指津] 当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where。

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

[命题点感悟]

单句语法填空

①(2017·浙江6月高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a

pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，________ it remained until the carrot's leafy

top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.