英语省略句型
- 格式:ppt
- 大小:136.50 KB
- 文档页数:11
英语特殊句式——省略句省略句基本概念省略是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。
省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。
省略现象单词省略1、省略介词He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.2、省略连词thatI believe (that) you will succeed .3、省略关系代词He read the book (which) I got yesterday.句子成分的省略1、省略主语Beg your pardon. ( Beg 前省略了主语 I )2、省略谓语Who next? ( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )3、省略表语Are you ready? Yes, I am. ( am 后面省略了 ready )4、省略宾语Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. ( wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes )5、省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. ( the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money )6、省略状语He was not hurt. Strange! ( Strange 前面省略了状语 how )不同句式中的省略1.简单句中的省略:在对话中,交谈双方都知道谈论的对象,则可以省略句子的主语,省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
Sounds like a good idea.2.并列句中的省略:在并列句中,相同的成分如主语,谓语,宾语等都可以省略。
They learn French and we English.3.复合句中的省略:定语从句:That’s the reason he is late for the conference.状语从句:(1)时间状语从句中,省略“主语+be”:When (she was) very young,she began to learn to play the violin.(2)条件状语从句中,省略“主语+be”:If (he is) given more time, he will do the work better.(3)让步状语从句中,省略“主语+be”:Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions. (4)方式状语从句中,省略“主语+be”:She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded.(5)比较状语从句省略相关成分:由than或as引导的比较状语从句,在意义明确的情况下,可以省略than或as后面的相应部分,这一点与上述情况不同。
英语省略句省略句是英语学习者常常遇到的一种句式,它也是英语书面表达中的重要形式之一。
一般而言,省略句的结构多为主语+动词,但会根据句子的具体结构进行不同的省略,其作用就是使句子表达更加简洁、流畅,从而使文章结构更加严谨、丰富。
首先,介绍一些介词或代词可以省略的情况。
介词短语如:“on the basis of”、“on the other hand”、“in other words”等,一般情况下可以省略其中介词,只表达其意义即可,例如:“On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that…”可省略为:“Based on this analysis, it is suggested that…”。
此外,通用代词如“it”和“this”也可以省略,例如“This alludes to the fact that”可以简写为“Alluding to the fact that”等。
其次,有分词短语省略的情况。
分词短语是由动词原形+ed、ing 构成的,例如:“considering this may”可以省略为:“considering may”。
此外,助动词的省略是一种普遍存在的情况。
助动词有:“will”、“would”、“can”、“could”、“shall”、“should”、“must”、“might”、“may”等,由于它们并不是重点,在句子表达中可以省略,以此加快句子连贯性,例如:“You should pay attention to it”可省略为“You pay attention to it”。
最后,句子中的冠词也有可能被省略。
冠词指的是“a”、“an”和“the”,一般来讲,句子中的冠词可以省略,这样可以使句子更加简洁。
例如:“He took the car and drove away”可省略为“He took car and drove away”。
英语省略句总结省略句(elliptical sentences)省略(ellipsis)是一种为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。
祁使主语必省略,比较than后须省略。
宾从表从that省略,主从that勿省略。
前后出现同一词,惯用习语常省略。
1.简单句中的省略1.省略主语(多数属于语境省略)有时,主语和助动词一起省略。
(It) Doesn’t matter. 没关系。
(I)Beg your pardon. 请原谅。
(You)Had a good time?你玩的痛快吗?(I’m)Sorry.对不起。
Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。
(Looks前省略了主语it)(Have you)Got any idea?你有什么注意吗?What a beautiful view!多美的景色啊!2.省略了谓语Who next? 该谁了?(Who后面省略了谓语comes)The river was deep and the ice thin. (ice后面省略了was)We’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。
(can后面省略了动词do)3.省略了宾语Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you’ll dry.让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。
(wash和dry后面省略了宾语dishes)4.省略了表语Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗?我准备好了。
(am后面省略了ready)He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。
(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)5.省略了状语He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤,真奇怪!(Strange前面省略了状语how)6.同时省掉句子几个成份。
省略句为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when,while引导的时间状语从句e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.3、though,although,whether,no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.(注:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)4、as if,as though引导的方式状语从句e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after along sleep.He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.(as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作)二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
省略句1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面2)在happy,glad,eager,ready,willing等形容词后面。
1.---will you join us?--- I should love to(join you).2.I asked him to see the fil m, but he didn’t want to(see the film).3.--- Would you like to go with us?--- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you)4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up)注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been.1.--- Are you a sailor?--- No, but I used to be.2.---He hasn’t finished yet.---well, he ought to have.1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)A. I have no timeB. I'd rather notC. I‘d like itD. I'd be happy to2. —Does your brother intend to study German?—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)A. /B. toC. soD. that5.--- He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.--- Well, he _____.A. shouldB. ought toC. ought to goD. ought to have4. —You should have thanked her before you left.—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing to替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容。
英语中的省略句句子中被省略的成分1) 省略主语* (I) Don't know. 我不知道。
* (It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。
* (I)Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。
* (I) Hope to see you again. 希望能再见到你。
* (You) Sit down, please. 请坐。
2) 省略主语和助动词* (Have you) Had your lunch? 吃午饭了吗?* (I've) Got to go to the meeting. 我得去开会了。
* (Do you) Want some? (你)要来一点吗?3)省略谓语或省略谓语及其以后的部分(只保留主语)。
* (Come) this way, please. 请往这边走。
* “Who won the game?”“George.”“谁赢了比赛?”“乔治。
”4) 省略助动词* (Does)He need to go there? 他需要去那里吗?* (Are) They still waiting? 他们还在等吗?5) 省略宾语* “What's the difference between these two?”“Well, it's hard to tell.”“这两个有什么不同?”* “嗯,很难说。
”* “Are they still waiting?”“I don't know.”“他们还在等吗?”“我不知道。
”6)省略主语和谓语* No, there won't. 不,不会有。
* Yes, there will. 是的,将会有。
英语省略句的几种形式
(一)省略主语。
如,
She went to the hospital and (she) saw a doctor.
她去医院看了医生。
(二)省略整个谓语或谓语的主要部分。
如,
Either Tom must be responsible for the matter or we will be (responsible for the matter).
汤姆必须对此事负责,否则我们将(对此事负责)。
(三)省略谓语中的助动词。
如,
Was Jack playing the guitar and (was) Alice preparing the supper?
杰克在弹吉他,爱丽丝在准备晚饭吗?
(四)省略谓语中主要动词。
如,
Albert needn't stay, but George must (stay).
艾伯特不必留下来,但乔治必须留下来。
(五)省略宾语。
如,
John likes smoking, but Mary hates (smoking).
约翰喜欢抽烟,但玛丽讨厌抽烟。
省略句定义:为了使语言简洁或避免重复,要省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称之为省略。
英语中省略现象较为普遍,对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。
句子成分的省略,可分为以下几种情况:1.省略主语,主谓语或主谓的一部分2.不定式符号to的省略3.不定式结构中动词的省略4.状语从句中的省略5.定语从句中关系词的省略6.虚拟语气中if和should的省略7.考查not,so,neither,nor的“替代性”省略省略句常见情况具体分析:1,在有and连接的句子中为了避免重复,长省略一些重复的词或者词组:1),省略共同的主语或者宾语。
Mr Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr Smith) handed it to a policeman.2),若主语不同,而谓语,助动词或者情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been ) doing her homework.3), 若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.4),若主语不同的话,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter 1998, and Bob (was born ) in 1989.5) 省略重复的介词,连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and (because he had ) missed the train.2,状语从句的省略1),在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though 等引导的状语从句中,其实是:包括时间,让步,方式等一些状语从句中,若从句主语和主句主语相同,或者是it时,且从句的主语为be动词时,则从句中的主语和be动词常全部被省略。