新世纪研究生英语教程英语视听说第十一单元

LESSON ELEVENFamous People1. W: I can't seem to find my photo album.M: I think Mary is looking at it in the living room.Q: What is the woman' problem?2. W: Did you hear that Michelle turned down that job?M: Yeah. The hours were convenient, but she wouldn't have been able to make ends meet.Q: What does the man say about Michelle?3. M: Is there a bus I can take to get to the station?W: There is, but you can't rely on it. I'll give you a ride if you can wait while I put these things away.Q: What is the woman going to do?4. M: I hate memorizing vocabulary.W: Well, it's part of learning a second language so there is nota whole lot you can do about it.Q: What does the woman tell the man?5. W: Have you had a chance to wear your new shirt yet?M: That reminds me. I've been meaning to exchange it for a larger size.Q: What does the man imply about the shirt?6. M: Do you think you'll feel energetic enough to walk to ourstudy group session tonight?W: If there is one. I guess you haven't heard the weather report. Over a foot of snow is expected.Q: What information can you get from the conversation?7. M: Oh, I turned all of my white socks pink. I threw a redT-shirt in by accident.W: Have you tried running them through again with bleach?Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?8. W: I hear that your brother is planning to transfer to anotheruniversity.M: Not if I can talk him out of it and believe me, I'm trying.Q: What does die man imply?9. W: I'd like to enroll in the free seminar you advertised in thenewspaper, the one on managing your personal finances.M: OK, now the ad did say that you have to have a savings account at our bank to be eligible. Do you have onehere?Q: What does the man want to know?10. W: Did you see the weather forecast for this weekend? Ican't believe how the temperature is gonna dip.M: I know. That isn't my idea of what October should be like.Q: What do you know about the man?11. M: This exhibit is a total bore. I can't believe they call thisart.W: I think I've seen enough.Q: What will the woman probably do next?12.W: We should probably think about selecting someone tolead our study group, somebody really organized. Youknow?M: Then you can count me out.Q: What is the woman discussing with the man?13. W: What do you think would be a reasonable price to pay fora new computer?M: You're asking the wrong person. My brother gave me mine.Q: What conclusion can you draw from the man?14.W: That's a nice-looking jacket. It fits you perfectly. Is itsomething you bought recently?M: Thanks. No, I've had it a while. I've just been waiting for the weather to cool down.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: What's wrong with Herald today? He snapped at me forno reason.W: Don't worry. It's just the end-of-semester pressure. He'll be his old self next week.Q: What does the woman say about Herald?Part BPassage IWilliam Jefferson ClintonDuring the administration of William Jefferson Clinton, theU.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well-being than at any other time in its history. He was the first Democratic president since Franklin D. Roosevelt to win a second term. He could point to the lowest unemployment rate in modern times, the lowest inflation in 30 years, the highest home ownership in the country's history, dropping crime rates in many places, and reduced welfare rolls. He proposed the first balanced budget in decades and achieved a budget surplus. As part of a plan to celebrate the millennium in 2000, Clinton called for a great national initiative to end racial discrimination. He sought legislation to upgrade education, to protect the jobs of parents who must care for sick children, to restrict handgun sales, and to strengthen environmental rules,President Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe IV on August 19,1946, in Hope, Arkansas, three months after his father died in a traffic accident. When he was four years old, his mother wed Roger Clinton. In high school, he took the family name. He excelled as a student and as a saxophone player and once considered becoming a professional musician. As a delegate to Boys Nation while in high school, he met President John Kennedy in the White House Rose Garden. The encounter led him to enter a life of public service. Clinton graduated fromGeorgetown University and in 1968 won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. He received a law degree from Yale University in 1973, and entered politics in Arkansas.Clinton was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, and won the governorship in 1978. After losing a bid for a second term, he regained the office four years later, and served until he won the 1992 presidential race. In 1998, as a result of issues surrounding personal indiscretions with a young female White House intern, Clinton was the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. He was tried in the Senate and found not guilty of the charges brought against him. He apologized to the nation for his actions and continued to have unprecedented popular approval ratings as president.I1.Which of the following is NOT true considering Clinton's contributions during his administration?2. When did Clinton take his family name?3. What did Clinton once want to he before he entered politics?4. Who influenced Clinton and led him to enter a life of public service?5. Which of the following words can best describe the speaker's attitude towards President Clinton?II1) was born, 2)1950, 3) Oxford University, 4) a law degree, 5) Yale University, 6) 1976 7) the governorship, 8) regained office, 9) the presidential race, l0) the House of Representatives.Passage IIWilliam ShakespeareMost people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote. However, not many people know much about the life of this remarkable man, except that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon. We know nothing of his school life and nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London. According to a local legend, he was apprenticed to a Stratford butcher, but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the world can be grateful that he did so. What is certain is that he set foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London. It is said that at first he was without money or friends there, that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theater. In time, as he became a familiarfigure to the actors in the theater, they stopped and spoke to him. They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.Earlier than 1592 there was no mention of Shakespeare either as actor or as playwright, and the name of the theater he worked in was not known. However, by this date he had become one of the three leading members of a company of actors called the "Lord Chamberlain's Men",From what we know of his later life, it is clear that Shakespeare's connection with the theater made him a wealthy man, since his plays attracted large audiences and he shared in the profits. Towards the end of the sixteenth century he bought a large property in Stratford. It is not certain when he went back there to live, but it was probably around 1603. He is not recorded as having acted in any play after that date, though he continued writing. No less than eleven of his plays were produced during the next ten years.Shakespeare died in 1616. Some years earlier he chose a gravestone under which he was to be buried. He had a curse engraved on this stone which threatened to bring misfortune on anyone who might remove his body from his grave.I1. What does the speaker mainly talk about?2. Why did Shakespeare leave his native place according to alegend?3.Why was Shakespeare invited to join the gentlemen's company?4. What made Shakespeare a wealthy man?5. Why did Shakespeare have a curse engraved on hisgravestone?II1.he left school, his departure for London.2. set foot on the road to fame3. one of the three leading members4. continued writing, eleven of his plays5. Shakespeare diedPassage IIIMichael JordanSports fans all over the world recognize the name of Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan was born in 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. His road to fame began at the University of North Carolina. He brought an acrobatic style to the game that few hadseen before. Michael used his quickness and strength to reach the basket again and again. He became famous for his powerful slam-dunk. Basketball fans from all over the world began to take notice. One reporter wrote that when Michael went up to dunk the basketball, it looked like he could fly. He was given the nickname, "Air Jordan." In his sophomore season, Michael led his school to the national championship and was named to the All-American team.After college, Michael was drafted by the Chicago Bulls. The NBA was amazed at this high-flying scorer. Michael was named Rookie of the Year in 1988 and Most Valuable Player in 1987. He once set a record by scoring 63 points in one game. For seven straight seasons, he led the NBA in scoring. By 1990, he had become the most popular player in the game. As basketball's spokesman, he was featured on dozens of ads in magazines and on TV.One goal that Michael had not yet achieved was to be on an NBA championship team. In 1991, things finally came together for the Chicago Bulls, and they won the NBA championship. But Michael wasn't content with just one championship; he led the Bulls to three straight NBA titles! In just nine seasons, Michael Jordan accomplished more than any other player inNBA history. He achieved every goal he had set for himself and more.Part D1)very high-priced software, 2)low cost software, 3)the Microsoft dream, 4)The vast majority, 5)a uniform platform, 6)grow, 7)hardware companies,8)the PC business, 9) publishing, l0)the printing press, 11) the PC, 12)new versions of the software, 13)for software, 14) digital future, 15) take a photo, 16)planning, 17)the phone and the camera, 18)go digital, 19)music, 20) without digital。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书（下）答案Unit 1Part A1~5：DCCAB 6~10：AACCD 11~15：CBCADPart BPassage II1~5：DBBBAII1：there were probably 10 million people.2：it is expected to be 10 billion.3：if the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone.4：only 10 percent.5：it is how to limit population growth.Passage III1~5：CDCBAII1)10000 2)5500 3)4000 4)more than 28005)Egypt 6)460 7)less than 260Part D1)award 2)glory 3)profit 4)trust 5)dedication 6)significance 7)moment 8)anguish 9)physical 10)spirit11)conflict 12)alone 13)worth 14)room 15)heart 16)honor 17)compassion 18)curse 19)lust 20)valueUnit 2Part ADbddc cbccb ccbcaPart BPassage IAcdbdCrime analysis officerTop restaurantsAn empty chairTo take itIn pairsSome kind of disturbanceSnatching pursesNever be placedOn the coat hookIn the next stallEnough time to escapePassage IIBcacaTTFTFUnit 3Part ABddca bddbc accabPart BPassage IAbaddUtilityUtilizeAvailableThe state of art = cutting- edgedDeliver information = pass on informationFacilityFacilitate = help = make sth easierAdapt their methods to incorporate (add) this new media into their teaching Make fundamental impact onCompetitive advantagePurchaseJustify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks. Attendance recordsGradingKeep the students interested and productiveEngage sth in distance educationConference – conferencingVia = throughDesktop / laptopPassage IIAdadaA means for commercePopularityTransactionDistribute informationExpediteFunds can be diverted into marketing or advertizingCyber space knows no national boundaries.NeighborhoodTransmissionEstablish the linkssourcePrivacySecurityDestinationCredit cardTransferredFeel safeGuaranteeSafer thanPaying forUnit 5Part AAbdcc bdabc cacabSketch outPull everything together ToasterBurn toastSlicesScrape off the burnt part CreditPretty busy = very busyPart BCbcbaSteering wheelTake turns with you at the wheel Patrotic scotsman ExaggeratedOn arrivingReadily agreeWindy hilly mountainous “L och” in the neighborhoodCopious “high tea”take the place of sthBrunch: breakfast and lunchIt consists of one substantial courseLight (heavy) supperContinential breakfast – light meal which consists of bread, juice, mill and jam.Twists and turns (twist and bends)Dips and climbs (ups and downs)HazardActive and impudentA herd of long-haired cattleSavageRun paralell with the seaAlong the coastline fringed withWhich is made ragged with rocky bays and inletsFrom England to ScotlandChanges of sceneryFairly long journeyAt the WheelTravelling withGoing to see the finest sceneryOn arrivingIndeed magnificentUnited kingdom which is abbreviated as UK consists of three parts known as Britian, scotland and Wales.Part CCabcaSlope fertileRich pastureMineral rescourcesCoal seamsMining villages grew into towns around iron and steel foundries, chemical work and oil refineries. Seaside resortsEnergeticBe Ideal forChoirEisteddfod = arts festivalNational costumeContribute to the gaiety of the festivalBustle withCelticPart DStateThe willImaginationFreshnessCourage over timidityDesertingWrinkle the skinEnthusiasmSoulHeartSpiritWondersWhat’s nextGame of livingBeautyInfiniteDownPessimismOptimismyoungUnit 6Part AA aadb ddbda adabcI had a hard time getting through this novel = find sth difficult Wind up going to the second show = end up doing sth(are you) sorry you decided to take itTravel agentIt’s all set.Head for a destinationAcademic calendarGrade (grade sth: V)Broad claims that were not supported enoughHas got some sort of conflicts in her scheduleconvincein the minorityhocky finalsshe would be available as backupmake do with what we’ve gotPart BCACDDCriticsCostlyEthnic groupAfrican and HispanicNon-profit institutionanalogy1.in 19262.They can take costly preparation classes3.African-Americans and Hispanics4.About thirty minutes.5.In March, 2005Passage 2BdacbFour years of attendanceLearn science intensivelyPrescribe medicineResidentLength of residency depends onGain entrance to it = enter itWork under guidance of an experience doctor (internship) TreatmentPractice medicine1.In class2.the body3.chemistry and medicines4. How to recognizeReady to useHelping sick peopleUnder the guidanceExamineAdviceEnter a medical training programUnit 7Part ACabcd ccdda cadddPart BPassage1DdcadAim at doing sth = aim to do sthDividentRevenueOutput / imputSet the priceImput-mix (optimize / maximize )CombinationRaw-materialsObjective = objectAutomatic machinery (assembly line)IngredientWeight-gainingWeight-losingsourcesManagers makeKeep production costsAutomatic machineryThe same taskInstead of buyingIts goods or servicesWithout reducing qualityPassage 2DdacbMake sth known – a means of making knownIncrease awareness and arouse interest (advertisement commercial informercial ) Inform and persuadeMass - media (medium)Reach certain section of the marketExhibition in trade fairsDirect mail advertisingStriking featureLiquorLarge-scaleShrinkingBe convinced of sthExhibitions, trade fairs, and direct mail advertising, etc.TelevisionThe growth in advertisingThe customers will pay lessWhen the market is growing, advertising helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertising may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support.Part DFrom hereSecretEnoughYour heartHate meDon’t youThese thingsMarryHurtMeansHelpDifferent“yes” or “no”BelieveHateStartedGentlemanGood enoughHow dare youUnit 8Part AA a b a aC d b a aB d b a cLinesBe in the mood forPlay-offsYou can have it for what it cost me. Pore overIndoorsArtificial lightingLose track ofForeshorteningPerspectivePart BPassage 1D a b d bPurchase n.PercentageRevenuesSet its own percentage ConsiderablyFederal governmentNeedyIncome tax is graduated Community servicesAlcoholic beverages1.small additional percentage2.buy something3.all the money earned4.owns land or a house5.purchase certain things6.inherits the wealth and propertypassage 2b a bc athe first amendment to the Constitutionrespecting = regardingestablishmentprohibit the free exercise thereofprotestants outnumberprecludegive no subsidy to any faithPart D1. October2. Candy3. customer4. toy5. superman6. eighty-four percent7. disguise8. Ordinary life9. change 10. average 11. favorite 12. 400 13. weekends 14. popularity 15. decorate 16. quarter 17. eight 18. sure thing 19. point of view 20. grow out of itUnit 10Part AD a b c aB d b b aBa b c a3.Ticket counter (box office)Turn in lost and found items8. dig into my savings9. fit it in (it indicates lunch)Stomach is rumbling10. drop out of (he is a college drop-out.)Marching band (in a parade float )My grades are really starting to slip. (academic reasons, he has great academic performance. ) 14. put the finishing touches on sthPart BPassage 1D c c c aDowry decimumDesertionWithhold consent to all the transactions that her husband madeNone being offered, she succeeded inBe obliged to do sthContextPassage 2A b c d bGovernor constituent state legislaturesUndertake (fulfill) their traditional responsilities for house making and child rearing.1.120, 7, 92.23, 2 9933.54, 50, 60Unit 11Part ACcaab cabbb accab2. turn down the jobConvenientMake ends meet4. memorize6. energeticStudy group session7. throw a red T-shirt by accidentRun the clothes through with bleach8. transfer to …Not if I can talk him out of it. (talk sb into sth)Believe me, I am trying.9. enroll in the free seminarSavings accountEligible10. dip11. exhibit is a real bore.12. someone really organizedYou can count me out.15. snap at sbIt’s just end-of-semester pressureHe will be his old self next week.Part BPassage 1B c a d aadministrationdemocraticlowest unemployment in modern times.The lowest inflation in 30 yearsHighest home ownership in the country’s historyDropping crime ratesReduced welfare rollsBalanced budgetAchieve a budget surplusMillenniumCall for a great national initiative to end racial discriminationSought (seek) legislationTo upgrade educationTo protect the jobs of certain parentsTo restrict handgun salesTo strengthen environmental rulesWedExcel as a student and as a saxophone playerProfessional musicianThis encounter led him to enter a life of public serviceFor personal indiscretionA young White House internImpeachThe House of RepresentativesHe was tried in the Senate (trial)Be found not guilty of the chargesHave unprecedented popular approval ratings1. was born2. 19503. Oxford University4. a law degree5. Yale University6. 19767. the governorship8. regained office9. the presidential race 10. the House of RepresentativesPassage 2C a a b d1. he left school his departure for London2. set foot on the road to fame3. one of the three leading members4. continued writing eleven of his plays5. Shakespeare diedPart D1.very high-priced software2.low cost software3.the Microsoft dream4.The vast majority5. a uniform platform6.grow up7.hardware companies8.the PC business9.publishing10.the printing press11.the PC12.new versions of the software13.for software14.digital future15.take a photo16.planning17.the phone and the camera18.go digital19.music20.without digitalUnit 12Part ACdaad caacb cadaaPart BPassage 1AdcbaTFTTFPassage 2AccbaTFTFTPart D1.enter politics2. a vision3.attractive4.our sense of shame5.appalled6.violent crime7.reestablish8. a sense of family9.African-American soldier10.Are you afraid11.with my family12.take care of13.touch me14.as a nation15.as a family16.sharing with each other17.the can-do attitude18.risk failing19.who has received so much20.our American journey Unit 14Part AAcaac ccdca bbccaPart BPassage 1Bddad1.On July 28th, 20022.Thirty3.He was the first American to win the Tour de France and won three races with a Europeanteam.4.He suffered from cancer of the reproductive organs.5.In 1999.Passage 2Bcbad1.At Wimbledon, England.2.Twenty.3.In 2000 and 20014.In a poor area of Los Angeles, California.5.In the 1950s.Part D1.in 19642.Canada3.set up4.Two European5.third time6.improve7.the other8.host9.in 192410.sport and culture11.in 200812.a great Games13.prove to be14.proud of15.awarded16.in joy tonight17.in cheers18.dream19.the 29th Olympic Games20.realized。

新世纪研究生公共英语答案英语听力答案Lesson 3Mr.smith will be replaced…1-5:11214They might be hard to read. 6-10:32142 Continue his exercise…..11-15:43144Part Bon January 1,19951-5:24131Lesson 4It is quite ole.1-5:43422The man should look into…6-10:43131She wants to exercise….11-15:41223Part BEducation during the….1-5:223441-5:TFTTTIn all schools English and…. 1-5:231241-5:TTFFTLesson 5She’ll find the reference…. 1-5:31422She didn’t catch the bus.6-10:33124The woman’s roommate…. 11-15:33141Part BYoung college teachers1-5:341241-5:FFTTTLiving in the residence…1-5:23142Lesson 6He doesn’t have time to…1-5:13442The band needs more…..6-10: 34244He has always admired….. 11-15:12134 Part B Singing,echoing and crying.1-5:212341-5:FTFTFAbout 1,000.1-5:11124Lesson 7Students with a library…..1-5:24331Pick up the package at…..6-10:32342Someone else told him fred…11-15:42343Part BThe importance of the…..1-5:123221-5:TTFTFIn Britain,everyone can….1-5:231311-5:FTTFTLesson 8They should find a better….1-5:34221New TV comedies are not….6-10:34232He was taking a shower.11-15:13241Part BSwimming.1-5:313411-5:FTTFFBecause a good career….1-5:34142Lesson 9Find out where their professor.. 1-5:23143She has trouble concentrating. 6-10:34422The man doesn’t think the …. 11-15:33343Part BIn is quite nourishing.1-5:243141-5FTTFFSandwiches and candy bars.1-5:234141-5:FTFTTLesson 11The admission of a patient.1-5:13142She didn’t require any papers…6-10:24431They aren’t ver good because…11-15:42331Part BIn the west,more people get…. 1-5:13432An angel.1-5:324311-5:TFTTFLesson 13Read the operation manual.1-5:12332The man should buy a watch in.. 6-10:42231She is away for a few days.11-15:43414Part BA visitor to the park.1-5:311241-5:FTTFTBecause they knew pandas….1-5:13142Lesson 14Long exposure to the sun.1-5:14431She’ll go to the office.6-10:42311Take later classes.11-15:43431Part BWhat Hollywood is famous for1-5:23123 In 1931. 1-5:41143。

Unit1 Free Falling1. What is the main subject introduced in paragraph one?It is the description of the effect of saying farewell to his parents, friends and folks on the author.2. How is the story organized?The story is chronologically organized (following the time sequence in which the event unfolded itself).3. How did Weckerly feel before the day of his departure?He felt eager and excited to wait for the day to come.4. How did his mood change when the day had really come?At the very beginning he became sentimental about saying good-bye to many people around him. Facing the reality of becoming independent, he began to feel afraid and uncertain .5. What do you think about the ending of the story?It is very impressive. Weckerly ends the story with a metaphor which catches the essence of the particular moment accurately. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge, which leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. The last sentence "He closes his eyes, takes a deep breath, and jumps" symbolizes the fact that from that day on the author jumps into the future of being independent no matter how long and complicated the road to it is.What is the effect of saying farewell and actual leaving on the author?Whom did the author like to say good-bye to? What was the author's mood like before the day of departure and after?How did his mother's mood change during his brunch with her?What was the significance of the particular day to the author?Suggested SummaryThe time of saying good-bye and actual leaving makes a great impact on the author, which is fully demonstrated in the opening sentence. He gives a general description of how he feels on that particular day, during which his own mood changes from sheer excitement for the prospect of becoming independent and free to fear and uncertainty to a mixture of both. By his brunching with Mom and saying good-bye to her, he makes a very smooth depiction of the change of his mother's mood from being chatty and cheerful at the beginning to being quiet, even somber as the final moment comes. To bring the story to its climax, the author ends the story with a symbolic description. He compares himself to a rookie skydiver preparing for his first plunge that leads to possible outcomes: sheer excitement or eventual death. No matter what will happen, he closes his eyes, takes a deep breath and jumps into the future.Unit2 The New Economics of Oil1. Why won't oil prices rise at all over the long time?Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Why can't the members of the OPEC raise oil prices?Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Why have most majors cut their costs on oil?Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Who takes a lead in the oil companies?Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum.Should we worry about the oil price?What is the main reason for oil price to fall?Is Rainwater's high-price theory right?What influences oil industry profits most?How will lower oil price influence the world economy?Suggested SummaryThe article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.1. In the first year of peace, Lebanon's GDP soared by almost 40%. (C)A. flewB. hoveredC. increasedD. decreased2. SAIC's previous skirmishes with investigators had attracted little attention. (D)A. conflictsB. strugglesC. skatesD. arguments3. The boy grabbed hold of my bag and disappeared quickly into the crowd. (C)A. seizedB. snappedC. snatchedD. sneaked4. Although Chicago has fared better than some cities, unemployment remains a problem. (A)A. got onB. chargedC. offered jobsD. provided welfare5. The dwarfs were devastated, because they could not figure out how to save Snow White this time. (D)A. calculateB. rateC. considerD. decide6. His distrust of the power of critics made him ready to gibe at David Sylvester. (A)A. laughB. ridiculeC. derideD. taunt7. Children are most vulnerable to abuse within their own home. (A)A. unprotectedB. sensibleC. susceptibleD. harmful8. Short of the President himself, probably no one could have put the American case more persuasively. (B)A. Rather thanB. Other thanC. Less thanD. Short forUnit7 Competition Is Destructive1. Why is competition destructive according to the author? (para. 3)According to the author, competition is destructive because it undermines self-esteem, poisons relationships and holds us back from doing our best.2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others? (para. 6)The idea of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others is for each person on the field to make a specified contribution to the goal, or for all the players to reach a certain score, or for everyone to work with their partners against a timelimit.3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition? (para. 8)The difference between teamwork and team competition is that in teamwork everyone on the field is working together for a common goal, while in team competition a given player works with and is encouraged to feel warmly toward only half of those present.4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition? (para. 10, 11, 12)First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative.Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition: it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.5. Who is to blame for competition?It is the structure of the game itself that is to blame rather than the individuals, since it sets competition at the very beginning.Directions: Use the questions given below as a guide to write a summary. You can refer to Task 1 and Task 2.What kind of games does the author use to illustrate the points?What's the significance of changing an "opponent" into a "partner"?What's the difference between teamwork and team competition?What are the possible reasons that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities?What is the real problem?Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities are that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. (C)A. got outB. taking awayC. got rid ofD. driving away2. One of the major flaws in the existing system is that the prosecutor has immunity from law suits claiming malicious prosecution. (B)A. usefulB. spitefulC. harmlessD. cheerful3. They define a good patient as one who accepts their statements and their actions uncritically and unquestioningly. (A)A. characterizeB. confineC. fixD. limit4. Roberts' poor physical condition combined with nagging injuries prevented him from playing more than 51 games in the past four seasons. (A)A. troublingB. followingC. complainingD. accompanying5. Constant correction by a teacher is often counterproductive, as the student may become afraid to speak at all. (C)A. evilB. not productiveC. unfavorableD. hurting6. For centuries we women have gloated over the one negative aspect of aging more evident in men than women: balding. (B)A. praisedB. felt maliciously satisfied withC. felt sorry forD. expressed great pleasure of7. In the conducive atmosphere around the fort, General Bradley immediately found out about the plot. (D)A. goodB. suitableC. fitD. favorable8. It's a story of a harmful dynamic between white prejudice and black autonomy.(C)A. state of movementB. political forceC. competing or conflicting systemD. social system9. Gandhi rejects outright claims made concerning the superior or inferior status of religions. (B)A. ovreallB. directC. obscureD. ambiguous10. My first boss was a really nasty person, who seemed to enjoy making life difficult for everyone. (C)A. graveB. sorrowfulC. uglyD. pitifulUnit8 Power to the People1. What is the author's attitude towards alternative energy?The writer believes that alternative energy will play more important roles in the future.2. What advantages does PV have?It has the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun, being easy to install and requiring minimal maintenance.3. What advantages does hydropower have?It is a clean, renewable source of energy that offers cheap electricity.4. What are the main disadvantages of wind power?Noise, negative impacts on local tourism, potential disruption to wild life.5. Why are fuel cells considered "zero emission" and preferred by some governments?They release only water vapour into the atmosphere. They are economical and require little maintenance as well as no recharging.Summarize the text.What will be the main means to power our modern societies?Why is it so urgent to find alternative energy?What is the future of solar power, wind power and hydropower?What are the final solutions to man's energy needs?Suggested SummaryIn the article "Power to the People", the author Mark Townsend states that solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power are now prepared to take the place of fossil fuels and become the main means to power our modern societies. He lists two reasons contributing to man's hot pursuit of alternative sources of energy. One is the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. Another is the crucial progress made by using new technology. According to the writer, a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels will lead to a great future of the solar energy. In addition, if the strength of rough seas can be brought under control, water power is likely to be another major renewable energy. Thirdly wind power can also benefit our life if we can eliminate the negative impacts on the environment. Finally, the author assumes that as an ideal clean energy, fuel cells will be the answer to the future energy needs.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. At the press conference, they were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was in control. (B)A. searchingB. strugglingC. crowdingD. exciting2. Written off again and again, he has proved phenomenal in resilience and political craftiness. (C)A. notableB. tangibleC. extraordinaryD. sensible3. This news has sent a wave of panic through the world which to me seems way out of proportion. (A)A. farB. meanC. simplyD. away4. Downtown business owners say they want the city's homeless shelter moved to a less conspicuous location. (D)A. confrontedB. fantasticC. confidentD. noticeable5. Over the past year, Linux has made significant inroads into embedded designs requiring rich, high performance networking. (C)A. made moneyB. made achievementsC. made advancesD. made progress6. The important thing is to harness growth to self-knowledge, a ready acceptance of change, swift-moving business practice and sound judgment. (B)A. make useB. controlC. produceD. escape7. We are the ones willing and able to run an obstacle course filled with hurdles that we must complete before anyone else. (A)A. barriersB. blessC. reportsD. handouts8. I haven't been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions since I worked abroad three months. (B)A. changeB. adjustC. directD. organize9. The company office was inundated with telegrams of congratulations on the tenth anniversary of its foundation. (B)A. overjoyedB. floodedC. crowdedD. satisfied10. He had drawn a contradictory conclusion in his thesis because he pinned hisfaith on an absurdity. (D)A. decidedB. practicedC. dependedD. placedUnit11 London Bridge Is Falling DownAnswer the following questions briefly according to the text.1. Why the Millennium Bridge was shut down soon after it had opened to the public?FeedbackBecause it kept vibrating when people walked on it.2. What happened to the Internet?The Internet became paralyzed due to many attacks made by anonymous hackers.3. Why was the Steamboat Act not established until 1838?This was due to two major causes. First, people did not figure out what caused the explosion of the steamboat until 1837. Second, the government did not attach enough importance to the problem.4. What does the congressman mean by saying "Let the Government attend to its own business, and let the people attend to theirs."?The congressman means it is the people's duty but not the government's to set standards for producing, maintaining and inspecting steam boilers.5. What's the author's opinion of the high-tech crises?Though the high-tech crises are inevitable, humans will always look for ways to tackle them and will never give up exploring into the unknown fields of science.Summarize the text.What have gone wrong with some new high-tech innovations?What is the writer's opinion of these high-tech crises?Why does the writer review the establishment of the Steamboat Act?How do people deal with technical trouble now?Will people continue to make attempts at new technologies in the future?Suggested SummaryBy highlighting two technological crises, i.e. the swaying Millennium Bridge and the crippling Internet, the writer successfully draws the readers' attention to the somewhat embarrassing problems with some new high-tech innovations. The writer argues that these crises are inevitable because the innovations lead us into the unexplored world of science. With a look back on the establishment of theSteamboat Act, the writer indicates that the improvement of any high-tech innovation will go through a long and slow process. Fortunately, we are now able to respond more quickly to the danger of new technologies, and have becomeincreasingly skilled in controlling the crises. In the end, the writer claims with confidence that humans are certain to defeat any catastrophe, and will never stop exploring the unknown technical world.Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which best keeps the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Instead, he concentrates on how he helped raise Clinton from the dead after the debacle of the 1994 congressional elections. (C)A. disputeB. triumphC. catastropheD. deception2. She is running-running away from a shaking house and a row of wobbling green trees. (B)A. swervingB. swayingC. steeringD. striding3. A total of 252 imported pests have been spotted, of which 174 could wreak havoc on forests. (A)A. inflictB. inflateC. preventD. relieve4. But no evidence suggests that she courted danger for her children as she encouraged their freedom. (B)A. ignoredB. provokedC. flatteredD. avoided5. The report explains the gruesome results the weapons will have on human beings. (D)A. seriousB. furiousC. pleasingD. shocking6. Residents are bracing themselves for further carnage caused by the typhoon. (B)A. cargoB. damageC. suicideD. assassination7. The biggest threats to children's health lurk in the very places that should be the safest-at home, in school and the community. (D)A. fleeB. lureC. sneakD. hide8. Vigilance against collateral environmental damage is crucial to sustainable growth nowadays. (D)A. neglectB. suspicionC. indignationD. caution9. Racism has many forms. It does not solely manifest itself against one particular race. (C)A. testifyB. verifyC. showD. conceal10. The child has a very responsive nature and will soon become fond of you. (A)A. sensitiveB. silentC. introvertD. lively。

B:第九单元Animal EmotionsLaura TangleySheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning.Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too.1.Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight.2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop‘s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo‘s son, Fli nt, sits beside his mother‘s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —des pite his siblings‘ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo‘s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too.3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation‘s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated— even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote — or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, ―The plural of anecdote is data.‖4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers‘ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated in controlled experiments — leading them to conclude that such feelings must not exist. Today, however, amid mounting evidence to the contrary, ―the tide is turning radically a nd rapidly,‖ says Bekoff, who is at the forefront of this movement.5.Even the most strident skeptics of animal passion agree that many creatures experience fear — which some scientist s define as a ―primary‖ emotion that contrasts with ―secondary‖ emotions such as love and grief. Unlike these more complex feelings, fear is instinctive, they say, and requires no conscious thought. Essential to escape predators and other dangers, fear — and its predictable flight, fight, or freeze responses — seems to be hard-wired into many species. Young geese that have never before seen a predator, for example, will run for cover if a hawk-shaped silhouettepasses overhead. The shape of a nonpredatory bird, on the other hand, elicits no such response.6.But beyond such instinctual emotions and their predictable behavioral responses, the possibility of more complex animal feelings — those that entail mental processing —is difficult to demonstrate. ―I can‘t even prove that another human being is feeling happy or sad,‖ says Bekoff, ―but I can deduce how they‘re feeling through body language and facial e xpression.‖ As a scientist who has conducted field studies of coyotes, foxes, and other canines for the past three decades, Bekoff also believes he can accurately tell what these animals are feeling by observing their behavior. He adds that animal emotions may actually be more knowable than those of humans, because they don‘t ―filter‖ their feelings the way we do.7.Yet because feelings are intangible, and so tough to study scientifi cally, ―most researchers don‘t even want to talk about animal emotions,‖ says Jaak Panksepp, a neuroscientist at Bowling Green State University in Ohio and author of Affective Neuroscience. Within his field, Panksepp is a rare exception, who believes that similarities between the brains of humans and other animals suggest that at least some creatures have true feelings. ―Imagine where we‘d be in physics if we hadn‘t inferred what‘s inside the atom,‖ says Panksepp. ―Most of what goes on in nature is invisible, yet we don‘t deny that it exists.‖8. The new case for animal emotions comes in part from the growing acceptability of field observations, particularly when they are taken in aggregate. The latest contribution to this body of knowledge is a new book, The Smile of a Dolphin, which presents personal reports from more than 50 researchers who have spent their careers studying animals —from cats, dogs, bears, and chimps to birds, iguanas, and fish. Edited by Bekoff, who says it will finally ―legitimize‖ res earch on animal emotions, the volume has already garnered scientific attention, including a Smithsonian Institution symposium on the subject.9.One of the most obvious animal emotions is pleasure. Anyone who has ever helda purring cat or been greeted by a bounding, barking, tail-wagging dog knows that animals often appear to be happy. Beastly joy seems particularly apparent when the animals are playing with one another or sometimes, in the case of pets, with people. 10.Virtually all young mammals, as well as some birds, play, as do adults of many species such as our own. Young dolphins, for instance, routinely chase each other through the water like frolicsome puppies and have been observed riding the wakes of boats like surfers. Primatologist Jane Goodall, who has studied chimpanzees in Ta nzania for four decades, says that chimps ―chase, somersault, and pirouette around one another with the abandon of children.‖ In Colorado, B ekoff once watched an elk race back and forth across a patch of snow — even though there was plenty of bare grass nearby — leaping and twisting its body in midair on each pass. Though recent research suggests that play may help youngsters develop skills needed in adulthood, Bekoff says there‘s no question that it‘s also fun. ―Animals at play are symbols of the unfettered joy of life,‖ he says11. Grief also seems to be common in the wild, particularly following the death of a mate, parent, offspring, or even close companion. Female sea lions witnessing theirpups being eaten by killer whales are known to actually wail. When a goose, which mates for li fe, loses its partner, the bird‘s head and body droop dejectedly. Goodall, who saw the young chimp Flint starve after his mother died, maintains that the animal ―died of grief.‖12.Elep hants may be nature‘s best-known mourners. Scientists studying these behemoths have reported countless cases of elephants trying to revive dead or dying family members, as well as standing quietly beside an animal‘s remains for many days, periodically reaching out and touching the body with their trunks. Kenyan biologist Joyce Poole, who has studied African elephants since 1976, says these animals‘ behavior toward their dead ―leaves me with little doubt that they exp erience deep emotions and have some understanding about death.‖13.But there‘s ―hard‖ scientific evidence for animal feelings as well. Scientists who study the biology of emotions, a field still in its infancy, are discovering many similarities between the brains of humans and other animals. In animals studied so far, including humans, emotions seem to arise from ancient parts of the brain that are located below the cortex, regions that have been conserved across many species throughout evolution.14.The most important emotional site identified so far is the amygdala, an almond-shape structure in the center of the brain. Working with rats, neuroscientists have discovered that stimulating a certain part of the amygdala induces a state of intense fear. Rats with damaged amygdalas, on the other hand, do not show normal behavioral responses to danger (such as freezing or running) or the physiological changes associated with fear — higher heart rate and blood pressure, for example. 15.In humans, brain-imaging studies show that when people experience fear, their amygdalas, too, are activated. And just like the rats, people whose amygdalas are damaged by accident or disease seem unable to be afraid when the situation warrants it. In humans and rats, at least, amygdalas are ―basically wired the same way,‖ says New York University neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux, whose lab conducted much of the rat research. He adds that beyond fear, ―the evidence is less clear, but the amygdala is implicated in other emotions as well.‖16.The case for animal emotions is also bolstered by recent studies of brain chemistry. Steven Siviy, a behavioral neuroscientist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania, has found that when rats play, their brains release copious amounts of dopamine, a neurochemical that is associated with pleasure and excitement in humans. In one experiment, Siviy placed pairs of rats in a distinctive plexiglass chamber and allowed them to play. After a week, he could put one animal alone in the chamber and, anticipating its upcoming play session, it would become ―very active, vocalizing, and pacing back and forth with excitement.‖ But when Siviy gave the same ani mal a drug that blocks dopamine, all such activity came to a halt. Neuroscientist Panksepp has found evidence that rats at play also produce opiates–chemicals that, like dopamine, are thought to be involved with pleasure in people.17.Another chemical, the hormone oxytocin, is associated with both sexual activity and maternal bonding in people. It is released, for example, when mothers are nursing their infants. Now it looks as though the same hormone affects attachment amonganimals, at least in the case of a mouselike rodent called the prairie vole. To investigate oxytocin‘s role in social bonding, University of Maryland neuroscientist C. Sue Carter targeted the vole because it is one of the few mammal species known to be monogamous. She found that females, who normally spend about a day selecting a mate from a pool of eager males, will choose one within an hour — often the first male they see — if they have first received an injection of oxytocin. V oles given a drug that blocks oxytocin, however, will not select a mate, no matter how much time they have. Carter concludes that pair bonding in voles relies at least in part on oxytocin, which produc es behavior that looks much like people who are ―falling in love.‖18.But is it love, really? Bernd Welsig, the Texas A&M University biologist who observed amorous right whales off the coast of Argentina, believes that, as a scientist, ―I should probably call this event a mere example of an ‗alternative mating strategy.‘ ― But Welsig still entertains the possibility that the cetaceans behaved the way they did because ―they were the ‗right‘ right whales for each other.‖19.Skeptics remain unconvinced. ―A whale may behave as if it‘s in love, but you can‘t prove what it‘s feeling, if anything,‖ says neuroscientist LeDoux, author of The Emotional Brain. He maintains that the question of feelings boils down to whether or not animals are conscious. And though animals ―may have snapshots of self-awareness,‖ he says, ―the movie we call consciousness is not there.‖ Richard Davidson, a neuroscientist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, agrees that higher primates, including apes and chimps, are the only animals that have demonstrated self-consciousness so far. Still, he be lieves that there are other creatures that ―may at least have antecedents of feelings.‖20.Or probably more, say Bekoff and his colleagues. Their most convincing argument, perhaps, comes from the theory of evolution, widely accepted by biologists of all stripes. Citing similarities in the brain anatomy and chemistry of humans and other animals, neuroscientist Siviy asks: ―If you believe in evolution by natural selection, how can you believe that feelings suddenly appeared, out of the blue, with human beings?‖ Goodall says scientists who use animals to study the human brain, then deny that animals have feelings, are ―illogical.‖21.In the end, what difference does it really make? According to many scientists, resolving the debate over animal emotions could turn out to be much more than an intellectual exercise. If animals do indeed experience a wide range of feelings, it has profound implications for how humans and animals will interact in the future. Bekoff, for one, hopes that greater understanding of what animals are feeling will spur more stringent rules on how animals should be treated, everywhere from zoos and circuses to farms and backyards.22. But if there is continuity between the emotional lives of humans and other animals, where should scientists draw the line? Michel Cabanac, a physiologist at Laval University in Quebec, believes that consciousness arose when animals began to experience physical pleasure and displeasure. In experiments with iguanas, he discovered that the animals show physiological changes that are associated with pleasure in mammals — a rise in body temperature and heart rate — whereas frogsand fish do not. He proposes that emotions evolved somewhere between the first amphibians and reptiles. Yet even enthusiasts don‘t ascribe emotions to the very bottom end of the food chain. Says Bekoff: ―We‘re not going to talk about jealous sponges and embarrassed mosquitoes.‖动物的情感劳拉·坦利非常的开心。

origins of etiquette-----the convention rules of behavior and ceremonies observed in polite society-------are complex .one of them is respect for authority. From the most primitive times, subjects showed respect for their ruler by bowing ,prostrating themselves on the ground ,not speaking until spoken to, and never turning their backs to the throne . some monarchs developed rules to stress even further the respect due to them. The emperors of Byzantium expected their subjects to kiss their feet . when an ambassador from abroad was introduced , he had to touch the ground before the throne with his forehead . Meanwhile the throne itself was raised in the air so that ,on looking up , the ambassador saw the ruler far above him , haughty and remote在上流社会，行为举止、各种庆典仪式都有传统的惯例，其起因相当复杂，他们的起因之一，是要对当权者表示尊重。

在远古时期，臣民对统治者的膜拜表现在深深的鞠躬，匍匐在地，不问不能开口以及绝不能背对王位而行，有些君主为了使臣民对他们更加毕恭毕敬，又制定了许多繁文缛节，拜占庭时期的帝王们就让臣子庶民亲吻他们的双脚，当外交使节被引见的时候，他必须跪拜在王位之前，前额触地，而君主则高高在上，大使只能仰视君主，这样使君主更能居高临下，目空一切，高不可及，rules have , as a rule , made etiquette more complicated rather than simpler . The purpose is not only to make the ruler seem almost godlike ,but also to protect him from familiarity, for without some such protection his life ,lived inevitably in the public eye ,would be intolerable. The court of Louis XIV of France provided an excellent example of a very highly developed system of etiquette .Because the king and his family were considered to belong to France ,they were almost continually on show among their courtiers. They woke, prayed , washed and dressed before crowds of courtiers .Even large crowds watched them eat their meals, and access to their palace which was free to all their subjects通常情况下，专制的君主，都把礼仪变的更为复杂化，其目的不仅仅在于神化自己，而且他们想通过超凡脱俗来巩固自己的神圣地位，因为没有这种保护要想在众人瞩目之下生活将不堪承受，法国路易十四的王宫中有一套复杂、严明的礼仪，就是一个极其典型的例子，因为国王和王室被认为是属于法兰西的，因而他们无时无刻不把自己呈现在众臣之前，从起床就寝、祈祷神灵到梳洗更衣无一隐蔽，即使每日用餐也在重视之下，所有子民都可自由进入王宫。

Unit 1Track l-1-OL-1A.Emily is at the airport. Listen and check the correct box.Josh: Hello?Emily: Hi,Josh?lt’sEmily.Josh: Hi Em. Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emjly: Yes, I’m here, but I don’t see Uncle Tim. Tell me again – what does he look like?Josh: He’s tall, and he’s in his 30s. He has long brown hair.Emjly: 0K…Josh: Oh, and he wears glasses.Emily: No, I don’t seeTrack l-l-OL-2B, Listen again. Emily is looking for a man. What does he look like? Circle the correct answers.Track l-1-OL-3C. Listen again. Who is the man? Check the correct picture. What is didifferentrent about him now?Josh: Hello?Emily: Hi, Josh? It’s Emily.Josh: Hi Em. Are you at the airport with Uncle Tim?Emily: Yes, I’m here, but I don’t see Uncle Tim. Te ll me again –一what does he Iook like?Josh: He’s tall, and he’s in his 30s. He has long brown hair.Emily: 0K…Josh: Oh, and he wears glasses.Emily: No, I don’t see him …Uncle Tim: Excuse me … are you Emily?Emily: Yes … Uncle Tim?Uncle:le Tim: Hi, Emily. How are you?Emily: Fine! Wow, Unc/e Tim, you look different! Josh,Josh … are you there? Uncle Tim is here. He has short, blond hair now. He looks like Brad Pitt! Track l-l-OL-4A. Listen to the description of a famjly photo. Then drag the names from the box and drop them on the right person.Emiljo is in his fifties. He is tall – about 182 cm. He is average weight. He has brown eyes. He has short, curly, gray hair.Kathy is in her forties. She is short. She is slim. She has blue eyes. She has long, straight, blond hair.Michael is young. He is tall. He is average weight. He has dark, brown eyes. Hehas short, curly, blond hair.Alexis and Ashley are twins. They are young. They are average height. They are slim. Alexis has blue eyes, but Ashley has green eyes. They both have long, curly, red hair.Track l-l-OL-5B.Now listen to these people introducing themselves. Then answer the questionsasked.1. I’m Carrie Brown from New York. I’m an art student and I like listening to musicand playing basketball.2. Hello, everyone. My name is Ann Andrews. I come from Wellington, New Zealand.I’m a teacher and I like shopping and hanging out with friends.3. Hi, I’mjulia Sanchez. I’m a reporter from Lima, Peru. I like surfing and blogging.4. My name is Charles Horton, I Iive in Boston, USA. I’m a chef. In my spare time, Ilike painting and traveling.5. I’m George Simmel from Berlin, Germany. I’m a fashion designer. I Iike watchingfilms and jogging very much.6. My name is Kevin Smith. I come from Sydney, Australia. I like cooking andreading detective stories. I’m a finance manager.Track l-l-OL—6A.Look at the picture and listen to the e-mail message. Then tell which one in thepicture is Mr. Ryder.Dear Mr. Peters,Please meet Mr. James Ryder at the ajrport station at 11:00 tomorrow. His flight is UA238 from Los Angeles. He is a tall man in his sixties with gray hair, and he wears big glasses. His meeting with the Marketing Department is at 4:00.Thank you,Kyra GreeneMarketing DepartmentTrack l-1-OL-7B.Listen to another e-mail message. Then tell which one in the picture is Tom.Gina-HELP! Can you meet my friend Tom at the airport tomorrow? My car has big problems and I can’t drive it. Tom is coming on flight KX661 from Denver at 11:00. He’s average height and kind of thin, with Iong blond hair and a mustache. Thanks a million!ChrisTrack l-l-OL-8A.Now listen to the passage. Do you think Andrew Barn is happy being a celebritydouble?Celebrity doublesA group of teenagers is standing outside a hair salon in Manchester, England. Many of them have cameras and are looking in the salon window. Then want to see soccer player David Beckham. A man in the salon looks like Beckham (he has blond hair and Beckham’s good Iooks). But the man in the salon isn’t the famou s soccer player. He’s Andrew Barn – a twenty-tvvo-year-old hairdresser,Barn isn’t surprised by the teenagers. People often stop him on the street and want to take his picture. Barrrn is a hairdresser, but he also makes money as a Beckham double. Barn travels all over Europe as David Beckham. Newspepapers often ‘take his photo. It’s an exciting Iife for the hairdresser from Manchester.Today, many companies work with celebrity doubles. The most popular celebrity doubles look like famous athletes, pop singers, and actors. The companies pay doubles to go to parties and business meetings. Doubles are also on TV and in newspaper ads.Why do people want to look like a celebrity? An Anna Kournikova double in the U.S. says,“I can make good money. I also make a Iot of people happy.”Track l-1-OL-9B.Listen again. Then circle True or False. If a sentence is false, make it true.Track l-l-OL-IOListen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Sun-hee makes plans to meet her cousin at the bus station. Then her co-worker calls and asks Sun-hee to teach a a class. Sun-hee agrees to teach the class, She asks Tara to meet her cousin. She tells Tara what her cousin looks like. S. Sun-hee says that he’s in his thirties, He’s average height and heavyset, and he wears glasses. When Sun-hee comes hoiome, she sees that her cousin /ooks very different. Sun-hee asks Tara,“How did you find him?” Tara Iaughs and she shows Sun-hee a sign that says “Sun-hee Park’s cousin.”Unit2Track l-2-OL-IA.Listen to these three conversations. What is each person doing? Circle thecorrect answer.Conversation 1Man: Next, please!Woman: Hi, here’s my ticket.Man: And where are you going today, Ms. Gregory?Woman: Berljn.Man: May I see your passport, please?Woman: Sure, here you-are,Man: And how many suitcases do you have?Woman: Just one.Conversation 2Man: Too bad it’s our last day in New York. There’s a lot to see. Woman: I know. But at least we’re here-at the Statue of Liberty. Isn’t i t beautiful? Man: Yeah, it is. Hey, we need a photo. Excuse me?Man 2：Yes?Man: Can you take our picture, please?Man 2：Sure.Conversation 3Woman: Welcome to the Ritz Carlton, Shanghai.Man: Thank you. My name is Ian Walters. I have a room for myself and my wife.Woman: Okay. Can I see a credit carc and ID, please?Man: Of course. Here’s my card and my passport.Woman: Thank you. Here are your keys, Mr, Walters. Enjoy your stay.Track l_2_OL2B.Listen again. Complete the sentences with the correct city.Track l-2-OL-3A.Listen to some travel tips for Thailand. How many tips are mentioned?Travel tips for ThailandThailand is a nice country in Southeast Asia, with something for every visitor. There is a lot for you to discover there. But before you go, you should make a plan to help you be better prepared. Here are sonme tipsFirstly, the weather in Thailand is hot and humid all year, so you should pack sunglasses, T-shirts, and sandals with you.Secondly, you should buy your plane ticket early. Thailand is a very popular place for a vacation, and the plances are very full. Thirdly, the traffic in this country is very bad and people drive really fast, so you should rent a car. Another tip is that you should drink a lot of water and juice to stay cool. Finally, and this is a very important tip, you shouldn’t take photos outside in the afternoon. It is too sunny and bright. Remember these tips and you will have a great time there. Have fun in Thailand! Track l-2-OL-4B.Listen again and complete the sentences.Track l-2-OL-5A.Listen to the first part of a talk about the weather in some vacation spots, Then fillin the chart with information you hear. For each place, write the best time for a vacation and the reason.Watch the Weather!Most people plan their vacations very careffi]ly. They think a lot about plane tickets, passports, and hotel reservations. But they often forget about one important thing – the weather. You should learn about the right time to visit your vacation spot. Here is some information to help you plan your next vacation.. Italy. The weather is sunny all year, but it’s sometimes cold in winter. April and May are warm and beautiful. From June to September, it’s very hot.. Australia. Summer here is from December to April. It sometimes rains, butweather is usually very good. In winter, it snows a little in some places, but most of Australia isn’t very cold.Track l-2-OL-6B.Now listen to the second part of the talk. Then fill in the rest of the chart＼N协information you hear.Hong Kong, China. The Weather is hot and very humid here a lot of the year. In July and August, it’s sometimes very windy, and there are bad storms. October and November are warm and not so humid, but in December and January, it gets very chilly sometimes.*Germany. From November to April, the weather is cold, cloudy, and snowy. In spring it’s warm, but there’s a Iot of rain.July and August are usually warm and sunny. * India. You shouldn’t travel to fndia from June to September. There is a lot of rain everywhere. From November to April, after the rainy season, the weather is nice and co01. In April and May, it often gets very hot.Track l-2-OL-7A.Study the pictures of these items. Then listen to the passage. How are these fivethings related to each other?In Tokyo, it’s an envelope with $850,000 in cash. At Florida’s Disney World, it’s a glass eye. At a hotel in England, it’s a goat and a false leg. How are all of these things similar? They are unusual things that people Ieave in hotel rooms, in airports, and on city streets. Lrish Martino works in the Lost and Found Center at an airport in a U.S. city. “Sure, we find the usual stuff–cell phones, keys, sunglasses, and wallets,” she says. “But people also forget some weird things at the airport, too.” What does Ms. Martino find? A woman’s false teeth in the bathroom. A mannequin in an airport waiting area.“How do you forget those things?” Martino wonders. Nobuo Hasuda works for the Lost and Found Center in downtown Tokyo. The Center has almost 800,000 items, Three hundred thousand of them are umbrellas! There are also manyother things –jewelry and briefcases, snowshoes and musical instruments. Mr. Hasuda keeps the lost items for six months and two weeks. After this time, the finder can take the item. This is good luck for some people. Remember the money belongs to the finder!Track l-2-OL8B.Listen again. Then complete each sentence with the correct word or number. Rack l-2-OL-9Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Roberto is packing for a trip and Mike is helping him. Mike asks about the souvenirs that Roberto is bringing for his famjly. Roberto explains that the book is for his niece and the small Statue of Liberty belongs to his father. Roberto says that he’s ready to go, but then Mike finds a teddy bear and asks whose it is. Roberto says that it belongs to him and explains that it was a gift from Claudia so he always travels with it. Mike says he thinks the bear makes a cute travel partner for Roberto.Unit 3Track l-3-OL-1A.Listen. What are Ashley and her dad talking about? Check the answer.Dad: Ashley?Ashley: Yeah, Dad! I’m in my room. I’m packing.Dad: Hi, honey. I can’t believe you’re going to college!Ashley: I know.Dad: i: So, what do you want to study?Ashley: Art.Dad: Art?! Come on, Ashley. Be serious.Ashley: I am serious, Dad.Dad: I think you should study business so you can get a good job.Ashley: Business!?Dad: Yes, you’re a smart, organized young woman. It’s perfect for you. Ashley: ; But, Dad … there’s a Iot t can do with an art degree. The business world is very competitive ..,Dad: I don’t know, Ashley …Ashley: Come on Dad. Let’s look at the university website. There’s more information there.Track l-3-OL-2B.Listen again. Complete the sentences.T rack l_3-OL-3A. Listen to a conversation between two interviewers. What are they talking about? Circle the answer.A: I interviewed Sara Foxx. She likes sales, but wants to work part time. Hmm …I spoke with Jason Gray, and he wants to work at home but likes responsibility.A: Does he want to work full time?Yes, he does. How about Sara?Well, she wants to work part time, but she plans to stay at the sales position for at least two years. And she Ioves people,B: What does she plan to do in two years’ time?A: She expects to go to grad school in the future, but she likes thejob.B: Jason likes the job too. He wants to make a good salary and he Ioves to travel. A: Well, Sara hates to fly. It seemsjason would be the person we need. Unfortunately, he doesn’t have any sales eroPetxeTrack l-3-OL-4B Now listen again. Then fill in the chart below about which descriptions are true for Sara and Jason. Check the boxes.Track l-3-OL-5A.Listen to the following famous people talking about the right personality neededfor success. Do you have the right personality for these jobs?I’m Don Pierce. A good actor works very, very hard. People think that actors spend their time at a lot of parties and nightclubs, but that isn’t true. Actors spend hours –many hours –studying their lines for each movie. And you really have to understand people so that you can understand your character in the movie.I’m Janice. I think the most important thing for a good doctor is being a good listener. You have to understand people and their problems. A good doctor likes to solve problems and always wants to help his or her patients. And you can’t be impulsive –you should always be careful. Sometimes the first answer you think of isn’t the right answer. Doctors need a lot of energy, because they are usually hardworking.Hi, I’m Daniel. To be a success in business, you have to work well with groups of people. At the same time, you need to have strong opinions and be ab/e to explain your opinions clearly. Good business-people always like to make new things and try new ideas. They are very organized, and they work very long hours.Track l_3-OL-6B. Now listen again. Then fill in the chart below about which things are important forthe jobs listed. Check the boxes.Track l-3-OL:7C. Listen to a recording and complete the following paragraph. Use words from the box.A good athlete is hardworking. He or she practices for many hours before every game. Athletes should also be competitive. They should always think about their team, and how to win. Good athletes are also independent. They practice alone, even when the coach isn’t there. They are very careful about their health, and they don’t do dangerous things. And they are very serious about their sport – it is the most important thing in their life!Track l-3.OL-8A.Now listen to the passage about four personality types: The Dreamer, The Partner,The Thinker, and The Artist. Which personality type best describe you.The DreamerA dreamer thinks there is a “right” way to do things. This person wants to ljve in the “perfect world.”A Dreamer is often hardworking and organized. Many are good listeners and like to help others. Many Dreamers work as teachers, lavvyers, and in leadership roles.ThePartnerA Partner wants to be in a group. For this person, rules and group harmony are important,丁hese rules lKeep peace in the group. Partners are often serious, careful people. Many do well as teachers, managers, police officers, and politicians. TheThinkerFor Thinkers, understanding things is very important. They like to solve problems and make new things. Thinkers can also be competitive. They Iike to win. They are independent and often have very strong opinions. Many Thinkers work as scientists, inventors: politicians, and engineers.The ArtistArtists want to ‘oe free. They don’t want to follow the rules all the time. Artists like action and are often impulsive. They also like trying new things. Like Thinkers, many Artists have strong opinions. Many artists are creative and do well as musicians, actors, fashion designers, and athlete.Track l- 3-OL-9B. Listen again. C\rcle D for Dreamer, P for Partner, T for Thinker, or A for Artist for each sentence. Sometimes, more than one answer is possible.Track l-3-OL-10Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Claudia and Sun-hee are watching a baseball game and start to talk about sports. Claudia says that she plays baseball five or six times a year. Sun-hee says that she often goes swimming and loves to play tennis. She also says that she’s not very competitive and just wants to have fun. When a baseball player invites them to play, Sun-hee as-ks if the game is serious or for fun. The man says it’s for fun, so Claudia and Sun-hee agree to play. But then while she is telling everyone how athletic she and Sun-hee are, Claudia falls ofF the bench!Unit 4Track l-4-OL-IA. Listen to the first part of this radio interview and circle the correct answers. Interviewer: And welcome back to KPLX radio in Los Angeles. We’re talking this morning with Europe’s hottest singer, Yeliz. Thanks forjoining us.Yeliz: Sure! Hello Los Angeles!Interviewer: So, tell us a Iittle about yourself, Yeliz. Where are you from exactly? Yeliz: I was born in Istanbul, but I live in Scotland now. My dad’s Scottish. My mom’s Turkish.Interviewer: You’re only seventeen. What’s it like being successful at your age? Yeliz: It’s pretty exciting. I get to travel, and meet some interesting people.Track l-4- OIL-2B. Listen again. Complete the sentences. Check the correct boxes.Interviewer: And welcome back to KPLX radio in Los Angeles. We’re talking this morning with Europe’s hottest singer, Yeliz, Thanks for joining us.Yeliz: Sure! Hello Los Angeles!Interviewer: So, tell us a little about yourself, Yeliz. Where are you from exactly? Yeliz: I was born in Istanbul, but I live in Scotland now.’My dad’s Scottish. My mom’s Turkish.Interviewer: You’re only seventeen. What’s it like being successful at your age? Yeliz: It’s pretty exciting. I get to travel, and meet some interesting people. Interviewer: You’re touring now, but what are your plans for the future?Yeliz: After the tour, I want to take a break. Then, later this year, I plan to make a new CD.Interviewer: Do you have any advice for other young artists?Yeliz: Well, I’d say follow your dreams. Work hard, and you can be successful. Trackl-4-OL-3A. Listen to a talk about how to become successful in business. What are the thingsyou should do or you shouldn’t do? Complete the sentences,If you want to become a successful businessperson, you should do three things. First, you should think about your goals every day. Make plans for today, tomorrow, and next year. Second, you should join a business club. You can learn a lot from the other members, and they can give you good advice. Third, you shouldn’t work every night and every weekend, Sometimes you should take a break, You get more energy and ideas when you relax. And you need a Iot of energy and ideas to make money! Track l-4-OL-4Listen to a talk about rea/izing dreams.Find your dreamWe all have dreams, but some people actually make their dreams come true. Their secret? They quit dreaming. And they start doing. Even a very big dream starts with small steps, and small goals. Maybe your dream is to become a doctor. Start by thinking about small goals for yourself. Ask, “What can I do today?” You can’t start medical school today, but you can send e-mails and make phone calls to get information about medical schools. Make a list of schools to call, and then call a few of them every day. What do you need for your dream? Tell friends and family members – many of them can help you. For example, you want to become an artist. You need a Iot of cheap paper for drawing. Maybe your friend’s brother throws away a lot of big paper at his office. So, share your dream with the world! Another good idea is talking to people who are doing your dream job. Do you dream about having your own restaurant? Go to your favorite restaurant and ask the owner lots of questions. Most people like to talk about their work.Track l-4-OL-5B. Listen again and complete each sentence.Track l-4-OL-6A. Now listen to two young people talking about their dreams.A lifetime dreamEveryone has his or her own dream jobs. Let’s listen to Yi Wang, a 29-year-old young teacher, and Hicham Nassir, who are going to talk about their dream jobs.“At the moment, I’m teaching chemrstry at a university in Beijing. It’s a good job, but my dream js to make films. In China, young artists move to Beijing from all over the country. Many of them are painters, writers, and actors. I’d like to make a film about their lives and their work.” Wang is writing the film now with help from her friends. But it isn’t easy. “At the moment, the biggest problem is money,” explains Wang. “We don’t have much.” But this isn’t going to stop Wang and her partners. Shesays,“First, we’re going to make this movie. Then, we’d Iike to show it in Chia and, maybe someday, at film festivals around the world.”16-yearold Hicham Nassir is a soccer player. He’s getting ready for a soccer match with his teammates. Hicham, the team’s star player, is a native of Morocco. He now lives in London with his family. “My parents want me to go to college, and major in business or law,” he explains. “They want me to become a lawyer or a successful businessman. I understand them, but I want to be a pro soccer player. And my coach thinks I can do it.”And what about his parents? “I hope they change their minds,”says Hicham.“1 want to play soccer professionally. It’s my dream”.Track l-4-OL-7B. Ljsten again. Then complete each sentence.Track l-4-OL-8Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Mike decides that he needs to change his style. First he’s going to get a haircut. Then he’s going to quit some of his bad habits and travel more. Mike then tells Roberto and Takeshi that he’s going to be rich and famous. They ask if he’s going to become a rock and roll star or maybe a movie star. Mike says “no” and explains that he’s going to write a book that sells a million copies. What’s the book about? Mike’s not sure … but it all starts with a haircut!Unit 5A. Toshi and Isabel are studying English in London. Listen. Circle the correct city. Toshi: Hi, Isabel. How are you?IsabeV: Okay, Toshi … Well, actually, I’m missing Spain today – especially the food. Toshi: You’re from Madrid, right?Isabel: Not exactly. I go to school in Madrid.Toshi: Oh, where do you live, then?Isabel: Getafe. Lt’s a small suburb near Madrid.Toshi: f don’t know it.Isabel: Well, only about 150,000 people live there. It’s kind of boring. But it’s very affordable.Toshi: That’s good. The city I’m from is very expensive. You’re lucky.Lsabel: Yes, but we have a problem: the traffic. Sometimes I drive to school and the traffic is terrible.Track l_5-OL-2A.Listen again. Which words descri’oe the city Isabel lives in? Check the words. Track l-5-OL3A.Listen to a talk about a great city for a vacation.Singapore is a great city for a vacation. There are a Iot of interesting things to see. You can visit Chinatown and Little India, and go shopping on Orchard Road. Singapore also has many good restaurants. There are some great beaches for swimming near the city, and the parks are really beautiful. The city has very good public transportation – you can take a bus, train, or subway. It’s a safe city, and there isn’t much crime. It’s also a clean city. There isn’t much pollution. The only problem is that Singapore is expensive. The population of Singapore is approximately 4.84 million. With a medley of Chinese, Indian and Malay influences and a tropical climate, tasty foocl, good shopping and a vibrant nightlife scene, this Garden City makes a great stopover or springboard into to the region.Track l-5-OL4B. Listen again and fill in the chart with information you hear.Track l-5-OL-5A.Now listen to a passage about cities to go to for vacation.Choosing a cityIstanbul is a very unusual city – one part is in Europe, and the other part is in Asia. About 9 million people live there. Visitors love Istanbul because it has many beautiful, old buildings, and the food is great. At night, the seafood restaurants are very popular. And everything in lstanbul is very affordable for visitors. Traffic is a problem in the city, because there are too many cars for the old streets. There are also subways, trains, and buses, and some people take ats to go between the European side and the Asian side. The weather is very good in summer, but in winter it’s somttimes very cold.Vancouver is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It’s near the mountains and the sea, and there are many great parkks where you can walk, ride a bicycle, or just relax. The city has good public transportation, with buses and fast trains that go everywhere. There are about 600,000 people in Vancouver, but it’s a very clean city, and there’s not much pollution. Two bad points – prices there are very high, and the weather is not veryjgood. Vancouver is famous for rain! But there are many good museums for those rainy days, and in the evening, the city MS great restaurant nightclubs to visit.Track l-5-OL-6B. Listen again. Complete the chart with information about the cities.Vrack l-5-OL-7A. Now listen to a talk aalk about The Best Cites to LiVe in. Read the sentences. Which city does each sentence describe? Someomes both cities are possible.Two magazines recently listed the best cities to live in. Here are two of the cities listed as “the world’s best.”San Jose, Costa Rica. When people think of Costa Rica, they imagine rain forests, rivers, and beautiful beaches. These things are not in San Jose. But this city is still one of the world’s best. Why? Unlike other cities in Central and South America, San Jose has comfortable weather all year (15 C/60 F to 26 C / 79 F). Housing is affordable in San Jose. Also, many of the city’s older neighborhoods are very beautiful and have small hotels, art galleries and cafes. Beautiful volcanoes and mountains surround the city. You can visit them easily from San Jose. Minuses: There’s good public transportation, but traffic and air pollution are a problem in the city center.Hong Kong, China. Why Iive in Hong Kong? Here are two good reasons. The city: This lively city – once a small fishing village – is today an international business center. It is an interesting mix of East and West, old and new. Modern skyscrapers are next to small temples. Popular nightclubs are close to traditional teahouses. Busy crowds fill the streets at all hours of the day. But outside the city, there are parks for walking or relaxing. The food: Hong Kong is famous for its wonderful native dishes (try the dim sum). There’s also food from Europe, North America, and other parts of Asia. Uses: This small city has a large population. How many people live in Hong Kong? Almost seven million! That’s why housing is often very expensive. Traffc and air pollution are also a problem.Track l_5_OL-8B. Listen again. Do you want to Iive in Hong Kong or San Jose? Why or why not? What is important to you in a place to live? Put these items in order from l (very important) to 4 (not so irnportant). Explain yor reasons.Track l-5-OL-9Listen to the story summary. Fill in the blanks with what you hear.Sun-hee and Tara come home and find a note from Claudia. Claudia wants them to meet her at a restaurant called Giovanni’s. She gives Sun-hee and Tara directions to the restaurant, but Tara forgets Claudia’s note. They ask a man for directions, but they don’t understand them. They finally take a taxi to the restaurant. When they get there, they are surprised. The restaurant is right across the street from the subway station!。

时间：二O二一年七月二十九日新世纪研究生之蔡仲巾千创作公共英语教材听说（下）第二版听力全文主编：李玉璞上海外语教育出书社Table of Contents LESSON ONE Resources and Energy1PART A1PART B2Passage I:2Passage II:3Part D4Lesson Two Crime and Punishment4Part A4Part B5Passage I5Passage II6Passage III.7Part D8Lesson Three Computers and the Internet8 Part A8Part B9Passage I9Passage II10Passage III11Part D11LESSON FOUR Finance12PART A12Part B13Passage I13Passage II. Functions of Money14Passage III Credit Cards14Part D15LESSON FIVE Places to See in Britain15 Part A15Part B16Passage I:16Passage Ⅱ:17Part D18LESSON SIX Education18Part A18Part B19Passage I SAT Examination19PART II Medical Education20LESSON SEVEN Business21Part A21Part B22Passage I How to Increase Business Profits22Passage Two23LESSON EIGHT Aspects of Life25Part A25Part B26PASSAGE I Tax26PASSAGE II Religion27LESSON NINE College Life28PART A28PART B29PASSAGE I College Search29PASSAGE II How to Get a Master's degree31 LESSON TEN Women32PART A32PASSAGE I Women in Southern Europe33PASSAGE II American Women34LESSON ELEVEN Famous People35PART A35PART B37PASSAGE I William Jefferson Clinton37PASSAGE II William Shakespeare38 LESSON TWELVE Culture39PART A39Part B41Passage I Beijing’s Hutongs41Passage II The White Wedding Dress42 LESSON THIRTEEN Science and Technology43 PART B43PASSAGE I Cloning Mount Vernon's Trees43PASSAGE II Dinosaur Noses44LESSON FOURTEEN Sports44PART B44Passage I The Famous Bicycle Racer44PASSAGE II The Williams Sisters45 LESSON FIFTEEN Reform and Development46Passage I46Passage II47KEYS TO EXERCISES Unit 147Part A47Part B47Part D48Unit 248Part A48Part B48Unit 349Part A49Part B49Unit 550Part A50Part B50Part C51Part D52Unit 652Part A52Part B53Unit 754Part A54Part B54Part D55Unit 855Part A55Part B56Part D56Unit 1057Part A57Part B57Unit 1158Part A58Part B58Unit 1260Part A60Part B60Part D60Unit 1461Part A61Part B61Part D61LESSON ONE Resources and EnergyPART A1.W: Could you mail these letters for me, please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?She is written a lot of letters recently2.W: Does Professor Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What do you learn about Professor Ford?She never misses class3.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?They can work together the next day4.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What is true about John, according to the woman?John is too far away to hear5. W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What is the implication of the woman?The guests don’t want to be served water6. M: Could I borrow a twenty to tide me over till payday next Tuesday?W: You are in luck. I just cashed the check.Q: What will the woman probably do next?Lend the man some money7. M: Jean, didn't you get my messages? I left two on your answering machine.W: Hmm? Oh, sorry, Tom. I've been meaning to get back in touch with you. It just slipped my mind.Q: W hy didn’t the woman return the man’s calls?She forgot to call him8. W: I'm sorry, sir, but you're allowed only one piece of luggage on the plane. You'll have to check in one of your suitcases at the package counter.M: Actually, one of these belongs to the woman up ahead. I'm just giving her a hand.Q: Why is the man carrying an extra suitcase?The extra suitcase he is carrying belongs to someone else9. W: We need to drive to the city tonight, but the doctor said this medicine might make me drowsy.M: In that case, I'd better drive.Q: What does the man think the woman should do?Avoid driving after taking her medicine10. M: Look at all the pollution going into the air from those factories. Do you think they'll ever get under control?W: With the new laws and social awareness, we'll turn things around.Q: What does the woman predict will happen?The situation will improve with the new changes11. W: Aren't you cold? Why aren't you wearing a jacket?M: I overslept this morning, so I ran out of the house without listening to the forecast.Q: Why isn’t the man wearing a jacket?He did not know it would be cold12. M: prof. Jones, last night when I was putting the finishing touches on my paper that electrical storm completely wiped out my computer files. Do you think I could have another day to retype it?W: I'm sorry, Steven. I’m leaving for a conference tomorrow, and I'll be away for 2 weeks. I suppose you could send it to me there.Q: What will the professor probably allow the student to do?Mail her the paper after the deadline13. W: Do you know if Mary has come by the office this morning?M: I just got here myself, so I'm not the one to ask.Q: What does the woman want to know?She wants to know if mart has come by this morning14. M: I really enjoyed that TV special about "wealth" last night. Did you get to home in time to see it?W: Well, yes. But I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Q: What does the woman mean?She fell asleep before the program ended15. W: Take two of these pills three times a day and you shouldn't take them on an empty stomach.M: What if I don't have an appetite?Q: What can be inferred about the man?He may not be able to wake upPART BPassage I:The population of the world has been increasing faster and faster. In 10,000 B.C., there were probably 10 million people. In A.D. 1, there were 300 million. It took 1750 years for the population to reach 625 million, a little more than double the A.D. 1 figure. In 1990, there were 5.3 billion people. By the year 2000, the world's population was over 6 billion, and by 2050, it is expected to reach 10 billion. Does the earth have enough natural resources to support this many people? Different scientists give different answers to this question. Some say that there areenough resources to support more than 6 billion people. However, the richest countries, with a small percentage of the world's population, use most of the resources. If these resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enough for everyone. Other scientists say that we must limit population growth because our resources are limited. Only 10 percent of the earth's land can be used for farming and another 20 percent for raising animals. It is possible to increase the amount of farmland, but only a little. Some land in developing countries could be more productive if people started using modern farming methods, but this would not increase worldwide production by much, We all know that there is a limited amount of petroleum. There are also limits to the amounts of metals. There is a limit to the amount of water we can use since most of the earth's water is salt water, and most of the fresh water is frozen at the North and South Poles. It is difficult to say how many people the earth can support, but it will help everyone if we can limit population growth before serious shortages develop. The problem is how to do it.1.Between 1990 and 2000, what changes did the world population have?It had increased by almost a billion2.According to some scientists, which of the following is true?The world’s resources are adequate but not evently distributed3.Why can't most of the earth's water be used?It is mostly salt or frozen at the North and South Poles4.In developing countries, what does the use of medern farming methods result in?5. According to the author, what can you infer from the passage?II 1.There were probably 10 million people.2.It is expected to be 10 billion.3.If the resources could be distributed more equally around the world, there would be enoueh for everyone.4.Only 10 percent.5. It is how to limit population growth.Passage II:Fresh water, life itself, has never come easy in the Middle East. Ever since the Old Testament when God punished man with 40 days and 40 nights of rain, water supplies here have been dwindling. The rainfall only comes in winter and drains quickly through the semiarid land, leaving the soil to bake and to thirst for next November. The region's accelerating population growth, expanding agriculture, industrialization, and higher living standards demand more fresh water. Drought and pollution limit its availability. War and mismanagement squander it. Nations like Israel and Jordan are swiftly sliding into that zone where they are using all the water resources available to them. They have only 15 to 20 years left before their agriculture, and ultimately their food security, is threatened. Even amid the scarcity there are haves and have-nots. Compared with the United States, which has a freshwater potential of 10,000 cubic meters a year for each citizen. Iraq has 5,500. Turkey has 4,000, and Syria has little more than 2,800. Egypt's potential is only 1,100. Israel has 460, and Jordan has less than 260. But these are not firm figures, because upstream use of river water can dramatically alter the potential downstream. Scarcity is only one element of the Middle East’s water crisis. Inefficiency is another, as is thereluctance of some water-poor nations to change priorities from agriculture to less water-intensive enterprises. Some experts suggest that if these nations would share both water technology and resources, they could satisfy the region's population, currently 159 million. But in this patchwork of ethnic and religious rivalries, the water crisis is not a clear-cut issue. It is entangled in the politics that keep people from trusting and seeking help from one another. Here, where water, like truth, is precious, each nation tends to find its own water and supply its own truth.1. When does the rainfall come in the Middle East?2. What is the cause of the water crisis?3. How many years are left for Israel and Jordan before their agriculture is threatened?4. What is the current population in the Middle East according to the passage?5. According to some experts' suggestion, what should the nations do in order to avoid a water crisis ?II 1) 10,000 2) 5,500 4) More than 2,8003) 4,000 5) Egypt6) 460 7) Less than 260Part D1) award, 3) profit, 5) dedication, 7) moment, 9) physical, 11) conflict, 13)worth, 15) heart, 17) compassion, 19) lust,2) glory, 4) trust, 6) significance, 8) anguish, 10) spirit, 12) alone, 14) room, 16) honor, 18) curse, 20) valueLesson Two Crime and PunishmentPart A1.M: Hello?W: Hello. This is Dr. Grey's office. We are calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.M: Oh, thanks. It's a good thing you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.Q: Why is the office calling the man?2. W: How wonderful! You won the scholarship. Can you believe it?M: No. It's almost too good to be true.Q: What does the man mean?3. W: Excuse me, Professor Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.M: I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come and see me during office hours tomorrow? Q: When will the woman discuss her project with Professor Davidson?4. M: How are you feeling? W: The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully drowsy.Q: What do you learn about the woman?5. M: Bill Smith has volunteered to write a summary of the proposals we've agreed on. W: Will I have a chance to review it?Q: What does the woman want to know?6.M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film.Q: What problem does the woman have?7. W: Excuse me, we're ready to order now.M: I'll be with you in just a minute.Q: What does the man mean?8. W: I think I forgot my umbrella. Did you notice if it is raining outside?M: Yeah, it is. And I just realized I left my car window open.Q: What will the man probably do next?9. W: How does your daughter like her new school?M: Fine. She seems to have made new friends in no time.Q: What can be inferred about the man's daughter?10. W: There's an article here in this magazine you might find interesting. It's about buying running shoes.M: If it's not chemistry and it's not on the final exam, I can't read it now.Q: What is the man probably doing?11. M: You're washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty.W: You shouldn’t, it’s just that I have nothing better to do at this moment.Q: What do you think of the woman?12. M: My doctor told me I need to go for some expensive treatments for my injured knee.W: Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?13. W: Hello. Could you fit me in for an appointment today? I need a stylist who is good at cutting curly hair.M: Julia is good at that. She is the owner. How about noon?Q: What will the woman probably do?14. W: There's nothing I like more than a good mystery novel when I've got some spare time.M: I like to read, too. But I prefer non-fiction, history, social commentary and stuff like that.Q: What does the man imply?15. M: I'm not an expert, but that noise in your refrigerator doesn't sound good. Maybe you should call and have it checked out.W: You're right. And I suppose I've put it off long enough.Q: What will the woman probably do?Part BPassage IPurse snatching is an increasingly common crime. There are estimated 50 to 100 purse snatchings each month in the New York City subways, the number often swinging widely because of the depredations of a single teenager. When such a professional is in custody, the snatches candecrease by more than 50 a month. One of the favored techniques is to stand between two subway cars and, as a train starts pulling out of the station, reach out and pull free a woman's purse.Recently, a crime analysis officer for the New York Police Department found that purse stealing in Manhattan's top restaurants was up 35 percent over the previous year. When a woman puts her purse on an empty chair at a table or at her feet beside her chair, she is inviting a purse snatcher to take it. Purse snatchers often work in pairs. When a target in a restaurant is seen, one of them will create some kind of disturbance to gain the victim's attention. While the woman is looking away from her table, the actual snatcher will lift the purse. A popular technique is for the thief to carry an umbrella with the curved handle down. The umbrella handle suddenly hooks the bag and in an instant it is on the thief's wrist, or under the coat over his arm if he is a man, and on its way out of the restaurant. Police advise that women in restaurants keep their purse either on their laps or on the floor between their legs.Other purse snatchers who operate in theaters are called "seat tippers", victimizing women who put their purses down on a neighboring empty seat. Others specialize in snatching purses from ladies' rooms. When a woman is in a toilet stall, her purse should never be placed on the floor or hung on the coat hook on the door. Thieves simply dive under the door and grab the purse on the floor, or stand on the toilet in the next stall and reach over and take the purse off the hook. The snatcher has enough time to escape since the victim can't immediately pursue the thief.I. 1. When does the number of purse snatchings decrease most dramatically?2. Where does a purse snatcher like to commit crimes in subway stations?3. When women are in restaurants, where are they advised to put their purses?4. What does a thief often use to snatch purses in restaurants?5. According to this passage, where does purse snatching not usually occur?II. crime analysis officer; take it; purses; in pairs; top restaurants; an empty chair; to some kind of disturbance; coat hook; snatching never be placed; in the next stall; enough time to escapePassage IIOn the afternoon of July4,1995, Mrs.Beatrice Weinberger brought her one-month old baby back from an outing. She left the pram outside her house and hurried inside to get the baby a clean nappy. When she returned a few moments later, the pram was empty and a scrawled note was lying where her baby had been. The note said: "Attention. I badly need money, and can't get it any other way. Don't tell the police about this, otherwise I will kill the baby." "Just put $2,000 in small bills in a brown envelope, and place it next to the road lamp at the corner of Albamarle Rd. at exactly 10 o'clock tomorrow (Thursday) morning." "If everything goes smooth, I will bring the baby back and leave him on the same corner 'safe and happy' at exactly 12 noon. No excuse, I can not wait! Your baby-sitter." Despite the kidnapper's warning, Mrs. Weinbarger contacted the police.A small parcel containing broken pieces of newspaper was placed on the comer the following morning. But the kidnapper did not show up. He failed to keep two other” appointments" with the Weinbergers, and left a second note signed "Your baby-sitter'. By then, the police felt that the baby was no longer alive. The FBI was called in, and the handwriting experts set to work to try to track down the kidnapper. In both notes an unusual z-shaped stroke was placed at the front of the y in words such as "money" and "baby". Starting with the New York State Police Office, the experts spent the next six weeks carefully going over local records at police offices, factories, hotels, clubsand schools and examining handwriting samples and comparing them with the writing on the kidnapper's notes. Then, in the middle of August, the experts' hard efforts paid off. The handwriting of John Rush Blake matched that of the kidnapper's, especially in the peculiar formation of the y's. Not long after, John Blake was arrested for making illegal alcohol. On being shown the handwriting samples, he confessed to kidnapping the baby. He told the police that he had left the baby alive and well in a nearby park on the day after the kidnapping. But when officers hurried to the place, all they found was the baby's dead body. The criminal was later put into New York's Sing Sing Prison. Even if John Blake had tried to disguise his handwriting he would still have been caught. No matter how hard someone may try to disguise his handwriting characteristics, the "individuality" of the writer shows through, the very angle at which he or she holds a pen, the way a t is crossed and an i is dotted, the height and size of capital and small letters, the amount of space between words, the use (or misuse) of punctuation marks. All these can identify a person as surely as fingerprints.I. 1. What happened to Mrs. Weinberger on the afternoon of July 4th, 1995?2. According to the message left by the kidnapper, on what condition could Mrs. Weinberger have her baby back?3. What did Mrs. Weinberger do after reading the note?4. How did the FBI catch the criminal?5. Which of the following words can best describe people's handwriting characteristics?II. 1. ( T ) When Mrs. Weinberger came back from an outing something terrible happened to her.2. ( T ) Someone kidnapped her baby because he lacked money.3. ( F ) The kidnapper did not confess to die kidnapping of the baby in the face of the handwriting sample.4. ( T ) It was the handwriting expert that broke the case.5. ( F ) At last, the police found the baby and he was safe and happy.Passage III.Timothy McVaigh placed a powerful bomb near a federal government building in Oklahoma City in 1995. The explosion killed 168 people, including 19 children. Arguments are increasing in the United States both for and against the death penalty. The increasing death penalty debate is caused by the planned execution of convicted murderer McVeigh. He is to be the first person executed by the federal government since 1963. 38 states permit the death sentence. Last year 85 people were executed in the United States. Recent public opinion studies show that more than 75 percent of Americans supper McVeigh's execution. These include many Americans who usually oppose the death sentence. Kent Scheidegger is with the Criminal Justice Legal Foundation in Califomia. It is a victim's rights organization that supports the death penalty. Mr. Scheidegger says McVeigh is a perfect example of why there is a need for a federal death penalty. He says anything less than the death of McVeigh would show a complete lack of justice. Groups opposed to the death penalty say the approval of the execution of McVeigh does not show an increase in general public support for the death penalty. Opinion studies show that support for the death penalty has decreased. Studies show 77 percent of Americans supported it five years ago, now only about 63 percent do, Opponents of the death penalty have always argued that it was unfair. They say poor people who can not pay for good legal help receive the death penalty more often than others. Andthey say courts order the death penalty more often when the accused is a member of a racial minority group.Part D1)generous 2)company 3)hospitality 4)reception 5)reputation6)anniversary7)suspicion8)mutual 9)vastest10)communication 11)commerce 12)contact 13)1975 14)openness 15)potential 16)secure 17)lure 18)astonish 19)reach 20)confidentLesson Three Computers and the Internet Part A1.M: This report is due tomorrow. Would you be able to work on it with me tonight?W: Unfortunately, I have another commitment.Q: What is the woman saying?2. W: I wonder where the books I ordered are. I expected to receive the package several days ago. M: Maybe you'd better check it out with the company. They could be temporarily out of stock. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. M: I just have to type this last page and then I'm through.W: By then, I'll be done, too.Q: What can be learned about the woman?4. W: Did you read the editorial in the paper about the mayor's speech?M: I sure did. But I think they twisted the meaning of what he said.Q: What does the man say about the editorial?5. W: Why don't we go to see a movie tonight? A good comedy might cheer you up.M: I would. But the reason that I've been so down is all this work I have to do.Q: What can be inferred about the man?6. W: So, are you going to see the students' play tonight?M: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.Q: What is true about the man?7. M: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.W: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?8. W: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?M: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.Q: What does the man mean?9. W: You don't believe in diets, do you?M: There is nothing wrong with them per se but they have to be combined with exercise to do any good.Q: What is the man's attitude towards diets ?10. W: I don't know which color folder to use, white or brown.M: What difference does it make? It's the content that's important.Q: What is the implication of the man?11. W: You know, I've heard that Professor Martin's Introduction to Chemistry class is too demanding for first year students. They say it's the most difficult course for graduate students. M: Yeah, but a lot of students will tell you otherwise. Go talk to anyone who has gone to an advanced course, like Organic Chemistry, or who studied chemistry in graduate school. They're really glad they started out with Professor Martin.Q: What does the man imply about Professor Martin?12. W: Hey, Mark. Have you been able to sell your old piano, yet?M: Hmm, you were right. Just posting notices on bulletin boards at a couple of supermarkets wasn't enough. I think I'll have to place an advertisement in the local newspaper.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation?13. W: I'm amazed that you still haven't gotten to know your neighbors.M: They tend to keep to themselves.Q: Why hasn't the man gotten to know his neighbors?14. W: Hi! Um, I think something is wrong with the washing machine. It works, and I just did my laundry, but it makes some strange noises. Maybe you should call someone to fix it.M: Oh, don't worry. Someone from the repair shop is already on the way over to take a look at it. Q: What is the implication of the man?15. W: It's so thoughtful of you to offer to drop me off at the train station. Are you sure it's not out of your way?M: Not at all. The station is really close to where I'm going.Q: What can be learned about the man?Part BPassage IThe Application of Computers in Education The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. Computers and the internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practise new learning techniques. Educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer-based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact on most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. Technology must go further than simply keepingattendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded the ways in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education" through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each other. Desktop video conferencing promises to bring students together from geographic and cultural distances face to face via computer. Not only will the teacher talk to the students, but the students will be able to interact with each other. This will make students more interested in learning.I. 1. According to the passage, what are educators discovering?2. What do schools usually purchase computer networks for?3. According to the author, what should computers be mainly used for?4. Which of the following is NOT a feature of video conferencing?5. Which of the following is true according to the passage?II. fundamental impact; be essential; improve the educational process; justify its purchase; attendance records; what technology can doPassage IIE-Commerce The Internet, as a means for commerce, did not become reality until the 1990s. Before this time, it was mainly a tool for the army, and a research device for some American universities. Its popularity grew when it proved to be a fast and efficient means to conduct long distance transactions, as well as an effective way to distribute information. The first advantage that e-commerce possesses is speed. With increased speeds of communication, the delivery time is expedited and that makes the whole transaction from start to finish more efficient. Also, you can find practically any product available for sale on the Internet. Even more significant is the fact that information appearing on the Internet can be changed rapidly. This gives business owners the ability to inform customers of any changes to the service that they are offering. The second advantage of electronic commerce is the opportunity it offers to save on costs. By using the Internet, marketing, distribution, personnel, phone, postage and printing costs, among many others, can be reduced. You can start doing business in cyberspace for as little as $100. The savings, therefore, are tremendous. These funds can then be diverted to marketing and advertising your product or service. Cyberspace knows no national boundaries. That means you can do business all over the world as easily as you can in your own neighborhood. Since the Internet connects everyone in cyberspace, information is transmitted at the speed of sound or the speed of light, depending on your connection. Either way, distance becomes meaningless, which enables you to link to nearly anyone on the globe, and anyone on the globe can link to you. The ability to establish links makes doing business on the Internet attractive to customers in any part of the world. A potential source of trouble is customer concerns with privacy and security. Anything sent over the Internet is sent through several different computers before it reaches its final destination. The concern regarding Internet security and privacy is that unscrupulous hackers can capture credit card or check account data as it is transferred or break into computers that hold the same information. Making a customer feel safe is important when doing business on the Internet. Even though no one can guarantee 100% security when transferring financial information over the Internet, e-commerce is still safer than using credit cards at an actual store or restaurant, or paying。

Lesson ElevenCustomsPart A1.M: Hello, this is Doctor Morita from the Emergency Department. I have a seventy-year old patient with a fractured ankle.W: OK, send him to Ward 3.Q: What are they talking about on the phone?2. W: John told me he had bought a second-hand car. Do you know how much he paid for it?M: Well, he said he had paid $800 for it. I think he got a real bargain.Q: What does the man think of the price of the car?3. M: I read in the newspaper that the novel you are reading is excellent.W: I've also read some negative reviews.Q: What can be learned from the conversation?4. W: I just made a jar of jam this morning and now I can't find it anywhere. Do you know what happened to it?M: Did you bear a crash? That was it. I'm just as clumsy as ever.Q: What is the problem?5. W: I'm very impressed by all the work you've done on your house, Mr. Miller. How long have you been working on it?M: I first became interested in doing things myself several years ago. I have been doing something on it every now and then for almost a year now. You know, I couldn't afford to pay workmen to do it.Q: What do we learn about Mr. Miller?6. W: Professor Burns seems to think there's only one way to write a paper and that's her way.M: No kidding. She sure wasn't like that last semester.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Burns?7. W: Would you like to see these pants in another color?M: Actually, the grey is fine. But I prefer something in wool.Q: What will the man probably do next?8. M: Doctor, this cough medicine doesn't seem to be helping. Can you give me a different prescription?W: Let's give it another day or two and see how you are doing then.Q: What does the doctor imply?9. M: I'm thinking about dropping my swimming class. I'm just not catching on.W: Stick with it. I did and I learned how to swim eventually.Q: What can be inferred about the woman?10. M: I can't for the life of me (无论如何也) get that washing machine downstairs to work. Do you have any suggestion?W: Try washing just half of the normal load.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?11. W: Shall we run around the park or go for a bike ride?M: It makes no difference to me. They are both good exercises.Q: What does the man say about the activities?12. M: The Variety Theater finally went out of business,W: Well, that's no surprise. It was the worst one in town.Q: What does the woman mean?13. W: It's a shame you didn't win your tennis match.M: I might have won if I'd listened to my coach.Q: Why didn't the man win the match?14. M: I ran out of coins while doing my laundry.W: That's too had.Q: What is the man's problem?15. M: Your apartment always looks so good, so spotless. Mine's such a mess.W: I've been at the lab all week. It's my roommate's doing.Q: What does the woman imply?Part BPassage I Marriage CustomsDespite the recent growth in the number of divorces, we in the West still tend to regard courtship and marriage as a romantic business. Boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl, boy asks girl to marry him, girl accepts. Wedding, flowers, big celebration.But in other parts of the world things work differently. In India, for instance, arranged marriage is still very common. An intermediary, usually a married lady, learns that a young man wishes to get married and she undertakes to find him a suitable bride. The young couple meet for the first time on the day of the wedding.In Japan, too, arranged marriages still take place. But there things are organized in a different way. A girl wishes to find a husband, and the girl's mother, or aunt perhaps, approaches the mother of a suitable young man and the young couple are introduced. They get a chance to have a look at one another and if one of them says, "Oh, no, I could never marry him or her", they call the whole thing off. But if they like one another, then the wedding goes ahead.In parts of Africa, a man is allowed to have several wives. Now that sounds fine from the man's point of view, but in fact the man is taking on great responsibility. When he takes a new wife and buys her a nice present, he has to buy all his other wives presents of equal value and, although we are obviously speaking of a male-dominated society, the wives often become very close and so, if there is a disagreement in the family, the husband has three or four wives to argue with instead of just one.It is true that American women have sometimes found it exceedingly difficult to assume the role of the wife of an African living in Africa. However, various forms of arranged marriage have just as much chance of bringing happiness to the husband and wife as our Western system of choosing marriage partners.1. What is implied in the passage?2. Who would be the intermediary of a young couple in India?3. In what way is the marriage custom of Japan similar to that of India?4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?5. What is not mentioned in the passage?ii.1.They regard courtship and marriage as a romantic business.2.On the day of their wedding.3.The whole thing would be called off.4.It is probable that all the wives might argue with the husband.5.He thinks that the various forms of arranged marriage can bring happiness to the husband and wife, too.PassageII Christmas in AmericaChristmas in America is a time of spreading good cheer. People give cards and gifts to each other. Families enjoy special visits and meals together. The smell of candy and spices fills the air. Christmas laughter warms the hearts of young and old alike. Christmas trees, colorful decorations and brightly-wrapped gifts bring an old song to mind: "It is beginning to look a lot like Christmas."It all began about 2,000 years ago. An angel appeared to a Jewish girl named Mary and gave her good news: "You will have a son. His name will be Jesus, the Savior." When the baby was almost due, Mary and her fiance Joseph went to their hometown, Bethlehem, for a census. The only place they could find to stay at was an animal stable. There the special baby was born.Angels announced the joyful news to some shepherds. They left their sheep and hurried to see the baby. Some time later, wise men from the East saw an unusual star. They knew someone great had been born. The star led them to Bethlehem. When they found the child Jesus, they offered him gifts for a king.The celebration of this special birth came to be called Christmas. Through the ages, people developed many Christmas traditions. The custom of decorating Christmas trees began centuries ago. People in many ancient cultures decorated homes with trees in winter. In the Middle Ages, Christians in Europe added lights and religious symbols to evergreens to make Christmas trees, Santa Claus has become one of the most famous Christmas figures, particularly in America. His legend started witha kind bishop named St. Nicholas who lived around 300 AD and was known for his generosity. The practice of giving Christmas gifts comes from the gifts offered to the child Jesus by the wise men from the East. The star on the top of the Christmas tree symbolizes the star that led the wise men to Jesus.Most Americans feel that Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year. It's a time of excitement, a time of joy, a time to show love in special ways. Best of all, Christmas is not just for Americans. Christmas is for everybody in the world. Christmas is the celebration of the God's gift to the world Jesus,l. Who gave Jesus presents after his birth?2. How did the wise men find the child Jesus?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?4. When did the legend of Santa Claus start?5. Which is NOT true according to the passage?ii. Listen to the passage again and write T (true) or F (false) for each statement you have heard.1. ( T ) Christmas in America is a time of spreading good cheer.2. ( F ) Jesus was born in Mary's home.3. (T) In the wise men's opinion, the appearance of an unusual star symbolized the birth of someone great.4. ( T ) Christmas traditions have developed gradually through the ages.5. ( F ) The custom of decorating Christmas trees began in the Middle Ages. passageIII Western Table MannersPeople who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will tell you how to behave at table and help you make a good impression. Beside your napkin you will find a small plate for a bread roll and three glasses -- one for white wine, one for red one, and one for water. There are two knives and forks on the table, forks on the left and knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, the big one is for the soup and the small one for the dessert. The knife and fork that are closest to your plate are a little bit bigger than the ones beside them. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it, and put it on your lap. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people maykeep silent for a moment. Then you can say "bon appetit" to each other and everybody starts eating. For the starter, you will get a bowl of soup -- but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second serving.The next dish is the main course. Some people use their fingers when they are eating chicken or other birds, but never touch beef or other meat on bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need.At the table, you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time.Table manners follow the fashion of the day and are only important at formal dinner parties. If you are not sure about what to do, you can always follow your hosts. You don't need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends.Part D1) sunny 2) Jobs3)Health care 4) social security 5) from the bottom 6) possibility 7) grateful 8) faith and trust 9) all of yo u 10) our notion. 11) progress 12) Republicans.13) beautiful 14) tallest skyscrapers 15) your schools, 16) shared with me 17) aging parents, 18) difference 19) support 20) gratitude.。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上）听力原文LESSON1Music1.B.she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two2.c.Ask the school radio station for help3.d.the book does include the answer4.B.He probably has a poor memory5.D.spend some time travelling6.B the man should refer to the instruction manual7.A he has received his telephone bill.8.B he assigns too much work9.B he’ll go and watch the fireworks10.A he had bad study habits11.D Casual dress will be appropriate12.C he wants her to get him a newspaper13.C she’ll try to see what method was used14.B ask Carol to play tennis15.A he is likely to buy a new printer the Passage II:American Music1.D All of the above2.D Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beat3.C The blues is usually played by black musicians4.C Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music5.C The words of songs differ,and so does the enjoyment of American pop musicPassage III:Music in Different Cultures1.C In Western culture2.B Classical music and popular music3.C Music is a special form of communication with supernatural being in Asia4.D Religious ritual宗教仪式5.D FriendshipLESSON21.B She‘s not going to graduated school immediately after graduation.2.A Hurry3.C The man should buy a high-quality printer.4.C Where the woman got coupon5.A She has changed her schedule6.B the man’s current roommate is moving7.D the man won’t be able to go to the party8.B They eventually arrived9.D The man’s apartment is dirty10.D Doris purchased it for her11.C She won’t be able to get the student discount12.A She won’t be able to get the book before class13.C She isn’t surprised14.C she needs to read the page carefully15.B Send the new students on a bus tour of cityPART BPassage I:1.A Two weeks2.C Eight days3.D Florida4.C Europe5.B For skiingPassage II:1.A Roman ruler2.D At the end of summer3.D To drive a way evil spirits from their home4.A They throw broken piece of jars or pots against the sides of friends’houses5.B ItalyLESSON3见B5LESSON4EducationPART A1.D He is satisfied with it2.C Tom should consider quitting the track team3.D Her skin is sensitive to the sun4.B They won’t go swimming in the lake that day5.B The man saw Jane wearing the sweater6.D The man should get his car checked7.C She thinks the cafeteria is too expensive8.A Keep looking for his wallet9.C To invite him to go to a film10.A She wants to exercise before she runs11.D She worked hard on her presentation12.A It’s just past ten o’clock13.B He won’t do as the women asks14.B The woman should go to California to attend the wedding 15.C He thinks he selected a nice scarf PART B Passage I:1.B Post-Civil War developments in higher education in the USA2.B Three3.C Over one million4.D Harvard and John Hopkins University5.D It was not highly developed. Passage III:1.B Students have to attend school until the age of fifteen or sixteen.2.C Quebec3.A Traditional universities4.B The relationship between their curricula,the economy and society5.D Education in Canada is unique because of its bilingual and bicultural heritage LESSON5Life on Campus PART A1.C.the information may be inaccurate2.A.he has trouble remembering when things happen3.D.she needs a warm jacket4.B.she saw Becky recently5.B.she isn't really interested in art museums6.C.her roommate forgot to give her the message7.C.the man is too sensitive8.D.he regrets that he can't go to the party9.B he feel a little tired10.D.bills behavior could cause him to lose his job11.A.the woman's roommate went to get it12.C.being well rested will help Debra in the exam13. A.he's grow very quickly14.D.he doesn't know how to operate the computer15.A.discuss the situation with the person in charge of the dormitory PART B Passage1:Homing Options in the United States1.C.international students国际学生2. d.the advantages and disadvantages of living on and off campus3. A.a residence hall学生宿舍4. B.having much privacy5.D.wasting time in transportation1.B.the residence hall is very far from the sea2.D.a computer3.A.on the first floor4.D.a group of well-trained staff训练有素的员工5.B.students are required to have meals in the dining hall食堂LESSON6见B5LESSON7LESSON SEVEN Health1.B.reference books are not allowed to be checked out签出2.D.the man should give up watching the movie3.C.the man met a friend by chance 偶然4.C.at a newspaper office5.A.they are equally competent胜任for the job6.C.ask to have the package delivered 送来to his home7.B.try to find another place to study8.C.her sweater is not warm enough9.D.he's too busy to clean the house10. B.visit her relatives.11.D.Fred probably borrowed someone else's sleeping bag.12.B.two new-comers.13.C.professor Johnson's lectures were boring14.D.Watch the game at home15.C.taking public transportation saves time Passage I:art in hospitals 1. A.the importance of the quality of the environment in hospitals2.B.the artists are helping hospitals to transform the environment because they enjoy the job very much3.C.An artist4.B.50005.B.they would need less pain killers.止痛药Passage I I:medicine in britain and america1.B.in Britain,everyone goes to GP 全科to receive treatment接受治疗2.D.the patients may have to wait a long time before they can see a specialist专家.3.A.See a GP first4.C.the cost of medical insurance is high to some people医疗保险成本很高5.A.go to see a GP or an internist l.内科LESSON9FoodsPART A1.B Go to the concert2.C The woman should find out if she can reserve a table3.A The plants may need more light4.D Buy the woman some magazines5.C The machine isn’t work right now6.C She is a fast reader7.D The time on her bus schedule may no longer be correct8.D the car is in front of something interesting9.B he can recommend many things to do10.B give the woman her keys at her class11.C the man can’t address the problem right then12.A Find out if a place opens up in the course later13.C Take a shower at the gym14.D his cold will go away by itself15.C It’s hasn’t been graded等级PART BPassage I:English Food1.B it’s not nourishing.不滋补2.D Because English food often prepared rapidly迅速in large quantities where foreigners often eat.3.C When eaten with fish,coarse oatmeal porridge燕麦粥is tasty and nourishing4.A Veal小牛肉5.D Puddings布丁Passage II:l.B Hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza2.C Thanksgiving turkey3.D Egg rolls4.A Potato chips5.D America is a land of immigrants.移民LESSON10Introducing Foreign UniversitiesPart A1.D She doesn’t want anything to eat at that moment2.A An electrician3.A he doesn’t mind speaking English with an accent4.C the man should get his money back5.C his racket is not usable6.C The man’s apartment7.C he should choose a proper color8.C go to work9.B take the woman’s book with him10.B Record himself practicing the presentation11.D he forgot to return the notes to Pam12.B he can’t schedule an appointment for the woman 13.B she wants to watch her sister play14.C she doesn’t plan to move out of her apartment15.A he isn’t very hungry right then1.C Cambridge University is the place for student with discipline problems.纪律问题2.A the student himself or herself3.C At least AAB grades at GCE A-level or the equivalent4.D The founding资金of the university.5.C they go into a very wide range of occupations。

Unit 11 伦敦桥要塌了还存其它高科技灾难以及我们克服它们的方法弗雷德里克·依·阿伦[1] 近来高科技奇迹一再出现问题——在虚拟的网络空间里, 黑客们已经显示了他们有能力在任何时间摧毁任何一个网站;在现实太空里,国家(美国)耗资600亿美元的导弹防御体系不能命中目标; 回到古老的地球上,那座世界最绝妙的、崭新的大桥像吉他的琴弦那样颤动着。

无论我们的创新如何登峰造极,我们一直在创造科技败笔。

本文涉及的有新闻价值的最新败笔不是别的,而是横跨伦敦泰晤士河的千年桥。

该桥原被与伦敦其他的建于20世纪末的工程奇迹相媲美:伦敦眼(巨大的弗雷斯大转轮开放日期一拖再拖),火河(在新年前夕午夜点火失败)以及千年穹(实在没有人气的建筑)。

[2] 这座耗费了2700万美元、一百多年来第一个横跨伦敦河的步行桥,在六月开放了。

几分钟之内,它便出了问题:行人在桥上走动时,桥体开始摇摆、晃动。

该桥开放不到72小时便被关闭。

于是, 其建筑者们开始为自己辩护。

千年桥信托公司的一位发言人坚持认为："桥身摇摆不在意料之外", 但他又补充道："桥本不该这样摇摆,目前我们对此无法解释。

[3] 工程师的第一个反应就是让工人们用六英寸长的绑钉把木块固定在大桥的关键节点上,然后,经过一个多星期的缜密研究,他们得出了诊断结果“意外共振“。

[4]"事情是这样的",该桥总工程师托尼·费慈柏特里克解释道： "人们一拨一拨地走过大桥,当你走动时,你的体重先是落在一边, 然后是另一边,刚开始时,这一切完全是随意的,但如果你走在桥上, 它开始左右摇晃,你就会开始调整你左右晃动的节奏,以便和桥身的晃动保持一致,因为桥体在摇晃,所以大家也会那样做——于是,此刻的摇晃便不再像最初那样没有规律了。

" 他又补充说:"我们已经就此事在世界范围展开搜索和咨询。