Trusted Toolset

“The new features in Microsoft SQL Server 2012 will help us develop external websites and applications in weeks rather than months.”Adam Siejka, Database Development Manager, Knight Frank Global property consultancy Knight Frank wanted to enhance client service by helping its experts successfully combine geospatial data with other sources of information. In 2012, it upgraded its existing data management software to Microsoft SQL Server 2012, and combined this with use of Bing Maps for Enterprise. The firm has already seen an increase in productivity, with new application development time reduced from months to weeks.Business NeedsKnight Frank, which is headquartered inLondon, is a leading independent globalproperty consultancy. Its staff handlesmore than U.S.$700 billion worth ofcommercial, agricultural, and residentialreal estate a year, advising all kinds ofclients, from individual owners and buyersto investors and corporate tenants. Thecontinuing success of the businessdepends on the rapid delivery ofcomprehensive, accurate information—supported by quality opinion and advice.Knight Frank relies on geospatial data torun its business. However, its Londonresidential development team found itdifficult to share geospatial data with bothinternal and external sources. Adam Siejka,Database Development Manager, KnightFrank, says: “Geospatial support is a keyconcern for us because we deal withproperties and use both external andmobile applications.”Until recently, the c ompany’s knowledgeabout residential developmentopportunities was gathered from localauthorities’ town planning information,combined with the firm’s own data. It usedmanual processes, which were ofteninconsistent. Siejka says: “While the depthof the data was good, the ability to analyseand share insights was limited, leading to Microsoft SQL ServerCustomer Solution Case StudyKnight Frank Database Upgrade Cuts Website Development from Months to WeeksThis case study is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS SUMMARY.Document published May 2012data quality and integrity issues.”The needs of the London residential development team corresponded with a review at Knight Frank of its existing data management software. The firm wanted to improve mobile working, ease collaboration, and guarantee always-on data availability.Joseph Megkousoglou, Lead Software Architect, Knight Frank, considered several alternatives to upgrading the existingMicrosoft SQL Server 2008 R2 deployments, including Oracle.SolutionWorking with Microsoft Partner itelligence, Knight Frank upgraded to Microsoft SQL Server 2012. The advanced integration, reporting, and analysis capabilities —combined with Bing Maps for Enterprise —provided the platform for building areporting and analysis tool for the London residential development team. Andy Steer, Director —Business Analytics, itelligence, says: “The Knight Frank team operates only within the M25, but the intention was to build a proof of concept capable of reuse for other teams, applications, and websites. We produced a solution based on Microsoft SQL Server 2012 within 15 days.”The first step in this process was to develop an application based on MicrosoftSharePoint Server 2010 Enterprise, to give access to rich data on residentialdevelopment opportunities in London. Steer says: “The interface for both internal data capture and initial analysis within the solution is delivered by SharePoint Server 2010, with dynamic maps provided by Bing Maps for Enterprise.”The London team can use maps to either find an existing development site or add a new one. Key development information can then be amended to reflect the added value that the team’s specific knowledge of the site represents. The filtering andsegmentation capabilities of the application can then be used to drive deeper level reporting and analysis provided by Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Reporting Services and Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Power View.BenefitsThe London residential development teamat Knight Frank now has better quality, more dynamic information to support its advice to clients. The unified toolset in SQL Server 2012 means Knight Frank staff is working more productively without relying on manual systems. As a result, thecompany can operate an effective online service for customers, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.∙ Development time for externalwebsites cut from months to weeks. The success of the proof of concept with the team will result in productivity gains throughout the business. Siejka says: “The new features in Microsoft SQLServer 2012 will help us develop external websites and applications in weeks rather than months.”∙ Speed, accuracy, and efficiency bolster service to customers.With the new application and enhanced geospatial data, the London residential development team at Knight Frank is experiencing greater customer satisfaction. Liam Bailey, Head ofResidential Research, Knight Frank, says: “We’ve improved collaborat ion among our experts, who can now deliver an even better service, which is faster and more accurate.”∙ AlwaysOn feature in SQL Server 2012 ensures high availability.Megkousoglou says: “The AlwaysOn feature helps deliver maximum uptimeand data availability, which is a key requirement for a global businessoperating 24 hours a day, seven days a week.”∙ Microsoft Partner delivers knowledge transfer to in-house developers. Trusted adviser itelligence has successfully transferred specialist knowledge during the deployment of SQL Server 2012. Siejka says: “Having begun with a beta version of SQL Server 2012, itelligence has helped us with the integration work with Bing Maps for Enterprise, as well as mentoring, workshops, and co-development.”。

当您遇到“no trusted certificate found”的错误提示时，这通常意味着您的系统无法识别或信任所使用的证书。

解决这个问题可能需要以下几个步骤：
导入正确的证书：首先，您需要确保您使用的证书是正确的并且来自可靠的来源。

如果您的证书是由一个受信任的证书颁发机构（CA）颁发的，那么您的系统应该能够识别和信任它。

如果您从未知来源获取了证书，您应该验证其真实性并确保它是未被篡改的。

安装证书：一旦您有了正确的证书，您需要将其安装到您的系统或应用程序中。

具体的安装步骤可能因您使用的操作系统或应用程序而有所不同。

一般来说，您需要将证书文件复制到适当的目录下，并在您的应用程序或系统中进行配置，以便能够识别和使用该证书。

配置信任的证书列表：在某些情况下，您可能希望将特定的证书添加到您的系统或应用程序的信任证书列表中。

这样，当您的系统或应用程序尝试与使用该证书的服务器建立安全连接时，它将被视为受信任的证书。

具体的配置步骤可能因您使用的操作系统或应用程序而有所不同。

更新您的系统时间：如果您的系统时间不正确，可能会导致证书验证失败。

确保您的系统时间准确并与协调世界时（UTC）同步。

检查您的防火墙和安全软件：有时，防火墙或安全软件可能会阻止您的系统识别或信任证书。

确保您的防火墙和安全软件已正确配置，以允许对使用所需证书的服务器进行通信。

请注意，处理证书和网络安全是一个复杂的领域，需要对这些概念有深入的了解。

如果您不熟悉这些概念，建议咨询具有相关经验的专家或寻求专业的技术支持。

Trusted® TMR Controller Release Note for Revision 3.6.12 Trusted TMR Controller555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Review all information relevant/applicable to previous major firmware revisions and consider any impact or consequence of updating before any update to the Trusted® Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) Controller is attempted.Firmware release notes contain material for all minor revisions subsequent to each major revision.The Publication number is: ICSTT-RN007A-EN-P The UK document number is: 555931 © Copyright Rockwell Automation 2016.Trusted TMR Controller 3555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Trusted 3.6.1 ReleaseThe key features of the Trusted 3.6.1 release are: • T8013:Sequence Of Events (SOE) and Process Historian• T8082x: IEC 1131 Toolset Suite• T8110B: Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) Processor • T8151B:Communications Interface ModuleThis publication describes enhancements and anomalies (known and corrected) for the Trusted® TMR Control Product Revision 3.6.1Trusted® TMR Controller, Revision 3.6.1Follow link:/for access to the TÜV Rheinland ® company website document table.Refer to the T ÜV database for the list of Trusted System Modules certified in this release: /files/certificates/certificates_asi/2015/EZ/968_EZ_143_14_15/appendix/EZ143_14_15_RL_2016_05_04.pdfThese rules apply to this release.• The T8110B TMR Processor firmware and Toolset Suite MUST befrom the same release (3.6.1)• Functionally Compatible and Functionally Identical modules whichmay be used in this certified release are listed in the following table:Key FeaturesAbout This PublicationControl Module list with Build IdentitiesProduct Compatibility Rules4 Trusted TMR Controller555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Trusted TMR Controller 5555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Functionally Compatible – The module is compatible with the current hardware and software builds. It does not have all of the changes relating to availability and usability that are included in this release.Functionally Identical – The module is identical in operation to the module listed in this release.Not Compatible – The module shall not be used in a Trusted System certified to this release.If you have any questions about product compatibility please contact TechConnectNOTE:6 Trusted TMR Controller555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Changes available in Trusted 3.6.1 ReleaseCS300/SC300e Chassis Naming ErrorOn the Trusted CS300 / SC300E migration configuration, within the system configuration manager, when hovering over a CS300 chassis the name at the bottom of the screen previously read “Triguard Chassis” and “Triguard Parent Chassis”. This now reads “CS300 Chassis” and “CS300 Parent Chassis”.Trusted Toolset Suite Debugger window failsWhen running on a Virtual Machine, the Toolset Debugger window may fail due to problems with the floating point unit emulation.See Knowledge Base article 608520System Configuration Tool Build 117 Corrupted Multicast ParameterWhen entering a Multicast IP address, it is no longer written to the configuration file surrounded by double quotes.See Knowledge Base article 70799System Configuration Tool support for Unit ID 0 to 255 for MODBUS TCPWhen configuring MODBUS TCP with Ethernet selected and port 502 selected, a value in the range 0 to 255 can be set for the Unit ID. Previously this was restricted to 1 to 247.Trusted Toolset Suite improvementsA number of improvements have been implemented in the Trusted Toolset Suite:• Fixed incorrect behavior in a Function Block Diagram program • Fixed problems with complex password configurations • Fixed a number of user interface issuesTrusted ® Toolset SuiteTrusted TMR Controller 7555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Malfunction when debugging from with application logic programThe debugger can now be successfully started from inside a program editor (for example Function Block Diagram editor).See Knowledge Base article 590263System Configuration Tool serial communication instability on dual/multi core PC systemsCommunicating from the System Configuration Tool to the Trusted TMR Controller using serial, no longer fails due to an incompatibility with dual/multi core PC systems.Sequence of Events/Process Historian Collector instability on dual/multi core PC systemsCommunicating from the Sequence of Events/Process Historian Collector to the Trusted TMR Controller using serial, no longer fails due to an incompatibility with dual/multi core PC systems.See Knowledge Base article 578186Modbus Slave, use of TCP Unit identifiersA MODBUS TCP Slave with Ethernet selected and port 502 selected, a value in the range 0 to 255 can be used for the Unit ID. Previously this was restricted to 1 to 247.8000 series/CS300 hybrid digital input Single slot hot repairCS300 digital input modules that are replaced using hot repair, now report correct values.Trusted ® SOE and Process HistorianTrusted ® Processor Firmware8 Trusted TMR Controller555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Online Update Failure MechanismLarge applications no longer trigger the application timeout when doing an Online Update, Processor Hot-swap or on start-up.CMP function block did not work properlyThe GT output of the CMP function block now functions correctly.Oversize Application ProgramsIf an application is downloaded but is too big to save in flash memory, the Educated LED will now continually flash.See Knowledge Base article 60069Handover on peer system caused both modules to fail safe.Problems with the dongles fitted to the T8110B TMR Processormodules can no longer cause the modules to enter the fail safe state when handing over between active and standby Processors.I/O slice fault, then Fault Reset caused two slices to fail safeA fault on a single slice of an I/O module, followed by the Fault Reset button being pressed on the T8110B TMR Processor module, no longer causes two slices on the I/O module to enter the fail safe state.T8110 TMR Processor Run/Maintain keyswitch.If the key switch is turned slowly from Maintain to Run, it no longer remains in the Maintain state.Trusted enhanced peer to peer invalid refresh timeout.The refresh timeout is now validated when an enhanced peer to peer board is opened. An invalid refresh timeout will now prevent the board being opened.Trusted TMR Controller 9555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Message variables as Function Block parameters caused failure of online updateIncorrect information generated by the Intelligent Online Update Manager will no longer cause the T8110B TMR Processor to go to the fail safe state. The Online Update will fail and the original application will continue to run.A separate change to the Intelligent Online Update Manager, to prevent the incorrect information being generated, was implemented in Trusted 3.6.See Knowledge Base articles 619495 and 478637An application with chassis 29 caused assertion failuresDownloading an application with chassis 29 configured no longer causes the T8110B TMR Processor to enter the fail safe state.SOE boards did not generating expected events during an active/standby processor swap.Variables attached to SOE output boards that change state during aT8110B TMR Processor active/standby swap, now generate the expected SOE events.See Knowledge Base article 59894Unable to interface with CP2000 6809 SystemsThe CP2000 protocol is now supported.SOE over Modbus Protocol provided old events after Communication Interface module rebootAfter a T8151B Communication Interface module has been rebooted, the SOE over MODBUS protocol no longer reports old events that have previously been received.Trusted ® Communications Interface (CI) Firmware10 Trusted TMR Controller555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016SOE over Modbus Overflow DetectionA special event is now generated when an overflow occurs, this will be received by the MODBUS master which can handle the overflow as appropriate.See Knowledge Base article 700944Trusted TMR Controller 11555931 Release Note Trusted 3 6 1 Issue 1.docx – 10th May 2016Trusted® TMR System Safety Manual, T8094, Updated to Revision 29Safety Manual。

ICS Trusted系统介绍SIS事业部硬件实现容错(HIFT)、表决功能ICS Trusted与众不同特征1毫秒SOE事件记录64位CPU，独立温度、湿度传感器 在线修改不受次数限制 专用的转速监控模块T8442 可自行定义前面板LED灯状态 相邻槽/智能槽热更换用于火气系统混合TMR T8448模块 专用仿真软件完全三重化容错系统，最高安全性和可用性工程师站IEC1131 Toolset 冗余电源I/O模块备用槽位10.5”h (6U)备用槽位机架尺寸：19”w -10.5”h (6U)电源模块T8231电源盲板T8235扩展接口适配器T8312-7通讯模块T8151BTrusted SOE数据流MMI 现场设备Trusted 输入模块TrustedTMR处理器Trusted通讯模块相邻槽连接电缆TC-205/1-02-智能槽连接电缆TC-505/1-02-TMR 模块故障模块继续运行但通报该故障无需惊慌,快速的故障恢复找出故障的模块并插入替换的模块到相邻槽位。

TMR 处理器会“教育”新模块并置于待机模式。

无需惊慌, 快速的故障恢复因为工作着的模块发生故障，替换模块自动的转变到工作状态而接管控制打开故障模块的固定卡销并移去该模块用智能槽位连接电缆把这两个槽位连起来最小的尺寸TMR 模块故障模块继续运行但通报该故障找出故障模块和恰当的智能槽位因为工作着的模块发生故障智能模块自动地转变到工作状态而接管控制最小的尺寸打开故障模块的固定卡销并移去该模块移去智能槽位的连接，控制继续进行而不中断，准备好智能槽位以备将来使用新模块放到工作槽位并从智能槽位接过控制最小的尺寸OPC clientToolsetHMIIRIG-B时钟同步远程连接光电转换模块T8314Trusted远程I/ORemote Expander Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx Tx Rx TC302TC303Controller chassis T8312T8314Fibre Tx/Rx 共2组，每组3台光/电转换器ICS Trusted系列产品介绍（远程）远程连接光电转换模块T8314。

AN-T80017Issue 2 June 08 AN-T80017 1Application NoteRegent to Trusted MigrationThis document describes the steps needed to replace a Regent processor chassis with a Trusted processor chassis. This replaces the Regent processor and communications modules and providing a future path to expansion of the Trusted system side. It assumes a knowledge of Trusted application design.Issue RecordIssue NumberDateRevised by Technical Check Authorised by Modification 1June 08 Nick Owens Andy Holgate Pete Stock Initial Issue 2June 08 Nick Owens Andy Holgate Pete Stock Corrections1. HardwareThe migration principles are identical for Regent (panel mount) and Regent +Plus (rack mount) because the internal circuitry is the same, as is the software. In this document, the term ‘Regent’ is used for both variants.The Regent processor chassis with processor and communications modules is replaced by a Trusted processor chassis with communications modules. The T8160 TMR Interface module (otherwise known as the Regent interface module, or RIM) bridges the triplicated Regent Safetybus into the Trusted Inter-Module Bus (IMB). The T8160 has a choice of two companion slot cables TC-320-01 and TC-321-01. TC-320-01 ends in three connectors that fit the Regent chassis sockets. TC-321-01 ends in three connectors that fit the existing Safetybus cables. This allows a choice of running new cables to the first expander chassis or using the extra length of the existing cables.The Trusted processor chassis is 6U high but also needs a 2U T8270 fan tray mounted above it. It should not be located directly above bulk power supplies or other significant sources of heat, as air is drawn from underneath the chassis.A Trusted system requires one T8110B processor module (which contains three identical processors). The chassis also has a companion processor slot to allow faulty processors to be replaced. For a Trusted-Regent hybrid, one T8160 TMR interface module is required, and this is also fitted in a companion slot, taking two of the eight single width slots. To replace the three Regent communications modules, two Trusted T8151B communication interface modules are adequate. These each contain four high speed serial ports and also two Ethernet ports. They support Modbus (master and slave) and native Trusted peer networks, but will not support Regent Peer to Peer networks or the Regent Guarded Peer link. Modbus Master requires a T8122 or T8123 Processor interface adapter.1.1. Parts ListT8100 1off Processor ChassisT8270 1off Fan TrayT8110B 1off Processor module (recommended spares holding of 1)T8160 1off TMR Interface (recommended spares holding of 1)T8151B 2off Communications InterfaceOptional T812x 1off Processor Interface Adaptor (T8120,1,2,3 as appropriate for IRIG and Modbus Master licenses; see PD-T812X)T8153 2off Communications Interface Adapter for serial and Ethernet connectionTC-320-01 1off Interface cable to plug into first Regent expander chassis OR:TC-321-01 1off Interface cable to chain to existing cablesRecommended power supply for Trusted:T8240 1off Power shelf for three Power PacksT8231 2off 750W 24Vdc Power PackMCBs On AC (6A) and DC sides (20A)Recommended replacement for Regent system power supplies is required (see PD-T8200 for options): T8200 1off Power supply chassis (or T8201) (room for 6 modules)T8220 3off Power supply module 15V (3off per 4 Regent chassis)T8294 1off Supply adaptor board (1off per 4 Regent chassis)2. ElectricalThe chassis and its modules are powered from a dual 24Vdc (nominal) supply, each supply providing at least 250W through 20A MCBs.If the Regent system power supplies are to be replaced, the T8200 range is recommended. These have 250W units in sets of three to match the Regent power needs. Regent chassis require extra diagnostic signals to start the system once the supply has settled and to warn it of impending loss of power, and the T8200 range provides these signals. An interface board T8294 is available to provide connections to four Regent chassis, including the diagnostic signals.In the example shown in Figure 2, the Trusted chassis is powered by T8240 power shelves containing T8231 supplies, which also replace existing bulk supplies powering the general 24V requirements in the system and field.2.1. CommunicationsThe T8160 connects to the nearest Regent chassis using a TC-320-01 cable as shown in Figure 1. It can also be connected to the end of the original Safetybus cables to the processor chassis using a TC-321-01 cable. This has connectors to match the existing cables. The existing chain of safetybus cables is used to communicate with the remaining chassis.Figure 1 Safetybus Wiring ExampleFigure 2 Example Power Supply Overview3. InstallationBoth the Regent and Trusted are 3-2-0 degradation systems. When fully healthy, all three slices are working (3). On one fault, the remaining two slices can continue operating as long as they agree (2). On a fault in one of the two remaining slices, the system shuts down (0).This provides higher integrity than 3-2-1-0 since at least two system slices must be operational for the system to be operational, allowing instant and robust diagnostics through voted comparison. However, since each system requires two of the three slices to operate, an online changeover is not possible and the changeover must be made with the system in shutdown.The new Trusted chassis may be fitted in place of an existing rack-mounted Regent+Plus processor chassis if time is available for physical installation, or it may be fitted in spare space nearby whilst the existing system is operating. The standard TC-321-01 cable is 4 metres long, but the existing Regent Safetybus cables to the Regent processor chassis may also have slack inside trunking, or it may be possible to route them differently to gain length.Power the Regent I/O chassis first and allow them to start. Then power the Trusted processor chassis with the Safetybus connected. If the Trusted application and system.INI are correct, the application will start and the application can be commissioned.4. ApplicationThere is no automated tool for application conversion from Regent to Trusted, and the applications are very different. However, it is possible to copy the functionality with the resulting programs looking similar to the original programs. Use the following steps to ease the process.In this section, ‘Winterpret’ is used as the name of the Regent application tool. Its predecessor was PDS, which is still in use on the older Regent systems. The presentation is different but the core functionality is similar.A copy of Winterpret (or PDS) will be necessary to read the Regent configuration. This does not need to be the same issue as used before, but must be loaded with the same extra packages.4.1. System ConfigurationThe System.INI file for a Trusted-Regent hybrid is very simple. Insert a T8160 TMR Interface into the chassis, and insert another T8160 in its companion slot to the right. This allows the system to black-start with the T8160 in either slot. By convention, slots 1 and 2 are used.Insert T8151 communications interfaces into the chassis. By convention, slots 7 and 8 are used.This leaves four slots spare for Trusted I/O modules and interfaces to future Trusted expansion I/O chassis, which will have a much smaller panel space than the corresponding Regent I/O equivalent. Configure the communications interface parameters. Replicate the serial port settings from Regent (baud rate, bits and parity). For Modbus slaves, enable slaves on the ports as appropriate. For Modbus Master, create a Modbus Master and define its slaves and messages as in the Regent application. For further information, refer to product description PD-T8151B.4.2. Toolset I/O Connection TableThe first step is to build the I/O connection table. Add definitions for modules in the Trusted chassis first.ttmrp Trusted processor Only one definition requiredttmri_ii TMR Interface One ttmri_ii definition covers both module positionsThere is no need to add definitions for the communications interfaces. If the TMR Interface was not placed in the left-hand slot of the eight narrow slots in the Trusted processor chassis, correct the Slot number on each of the two boards of the ttmri_ii definition.Now add the definitions for each Regent I/O module. It is recommended to place these definitions in the order that they appear in the chassis and slots, but the only real constraint is that 7491 multiplexer modules must be defined before their multiplexer I/O. Product description PD-T8160 describes each definition. These definitions each provide connection boards for variables used in the application. Each definition for a Regent module must be set up with the following parameters:TICS_CHASSIS and _SLOT The chassis number (1) and the slot number (usually 1) of the T8160 TMR Interface. (It helps here if the T8160 is in the default position, chassis 1 slot 1).REGENT_CHASSIS and _SLOT The position of the Regent module; the first I/O chassis is chassis 1.There will be further parameters for the second and third module position in definitions applying to multiple module sets.Copy these parameters to the entry points on each board.Channel LEDs may be prevented from showing faults using the MONITOR_MASK as in Winterpret. The digital input monitoring thresholds are also entered on board parameters, as are any other parameters required in the Winterpret application.4.3. Declaration of variablesIn Regent, the Modbus address map is automatically assigned to variables according to their position in the list. This often means that spare variables must be declared to fill in gaps between address blocks. In Trusted, each variable is assigned an address separately, and so spare variables are not necessary.PD-T8160 describes the connection points available on each I/O module definition. These may be different to Regent. For example, digital inputs in Regent can be read individually using digital shared control relays and also as a 16-bit word using shared registers. The definitions in Trusted will arrange the data differently, including differences for definitions connecting to single, dual and triple module sets and for open and packed data.4.4. Replacement of Scale function blocksWinterpret applications can have SCALE function blocks which convert input signals (as 0-4095) into engineering units, including square root extraction if necessary. These may be replaced using conversion tables in the Trusted analogue dictionary. The values and data available to the Regent application will be in the same format and scaling in the Trusted application.4.5. Replacement of Ladder function blocksWinterpret has a fixed grid for its ladder logic with ten columns, the last of which must be a coil output. The Trusted Toolset can handle ladder programs in two different editors. The Function Block Diagram editor can program ladder logic using a switch on the toolbar. In this editor, ladder elements can be placed anywhere on the screen and wired together; the left-hand inputs must be wired from a power rail element. Essentially this is function block diagram programming using elements that look and act like ladder logic elements.There is also a ‘Quick LD’ editor, which allows creation and insertion of ladder elements and rungs, automatically arranging branches in a fixed format. This may prove quicker to some programmers, but it does not allow the flexibility of FBD ladder arrangement.Trusted FBD ladder is executed according to the hierarchy of inputs; a block will not execute until its inputs are ready. The program execution will therefore work its way from farthest inputs through to final outputs.Regent ladder executes down each column in turn for each rung. It is possible to create logic which relies on this execution order for its operation. Therefore be aware that Trusted FBD ladder may interpret the execution order differently to Winterpret ladder. The FBD editor has an option ‘Show Execution Order’ which numbers function blocks and outputs in the order they are executed. Moving logic on the screen may change this order but it is best practice to separate rungs to force the execution order because in either language, the rungs are executed in order from top to bottom. Regent function blocks are described in the Regent Software reference manual. The most common complication is timers. Winterpret has one timer block with inputs for ‘time’ (increment the accumulator) and ‘enable’ (allow incrementing when true or reset the count when false). Usually these inputs are shorted together, so it acts as a delay-on timer like Trusted’s TON, but they may be separate. If separate, the timer will be part of a latch to define other actions like TP. It has two outputs which are the permanent inverse of each other; the upper output goes true on timeout.4.6. FLOAT function blocksThese are very similar to Trusted structured text programs, and were designed to handle floating point arithmetic. Winterpret ladder programs can only handle integer arithmetic. These may be replicated as structured text in Trusted.4.7. MODBUS MASTER function blocksThese are replaced by the Modbus Master editor in the Trusted system configurator, for the appropriate communications interface. The basic structure of declared slaves and assigned messages is the same.4.8. SOE function blocksThese created event lists from a list of shared control relays assigned for SOE collection. These function blocks are replaced with SOE boards in the I/O connection table. Similarly, Process Historian function blocks are replaced with PH boards in the I/O connection table.4.9. PID function blocksPID blocks are replaced with ipid function blocks inside FBD programs, from the T8019 Process Control package. Refer to PD-T8019 for details on their operation.4.10. Program LoadRegent allowed the I/O table and shared variables to be loaded as a foundation, with programs of function blocks loaded and controlled individually on top. Trusted only has one application download and relies on online updates for modifications.The Trusted application will only run when all I/O module definitions match the system as discovered. On failure, the message ‘cannot open board’ will be shown for each failed board, giving the table row on which the definition is placed.4.11. DiagnosticsA Trusted-Regent hybrid is essentially a Trusted system with unusual I/O modules. The fault history is replaced by entries in the processor event log (ls d). The fault table is replaced by diagnostic command ‘rio’. This provides tables of the configured and actual modules. It also provides tables of transient and permanent faults in text form, replacing the yellow and red icons in the Winterpret fault table. To see the command syntax, type ‘rio’.The clock in Regent may be set in a pop-up window; the nearest equivalent in Trusted are the diagnostic commands ‘fps q’ to display the clock and ‘fps d …’ to set the clock.4.12. System variablesRegent has fixed tables of system diagnostic data which do not exist in Trusted. Equivalent Trusted information can usually be found in the diagnostic boards on each module definition in the I/O connection table.5. Application ExamplesFigure 3 Regent I/O Module ConfigurationRegent I/O configuration allows names to be applied to each I/O point and fault point which do not appear in the shared variables (the equivalent of the Trusted dictionary). It also allows the naming of 16-bit registers to carry all I/O points or faults in one tag, as shown above. The I/O operation is configured in the table (thresholds, redundant modules etc.).In Trusted, all variables must be named in the dictionary and then connected to the appropriate data point on the board definition. The OEM parameters are used to specify the I/O operational parameters. The board definitions also handle some of the voting required, e.g. there is only one DO board below for both modules but two fault boards.Figure 4 Trusted I/O Module ConfigurationThe Regent multiplexer module is a special case. This has multiple sub-windows for each multiplexer slave input or output board. Each multiplexed point can be given a name.Figure 5 Regent Multiplexer ConfigurationThe Trusted implementation for multiplexed I/O is to use many separate I/O definitions. The Regent 7491 module should be declared before the I/O boards. Again, OEM parameters are used to define the board addresses.Figure 6 Trusted Multiplexer ConfigurationRegent variables can be declared in the Shared Variables lists as Control Relays (Booleans), Registers (integers) and Floating Point Registers (reals). Variables can also be declared in the I/O connection table as the name of I/O data points, and even implicitly as local variables inside function blocks. Trusted variables must all be declared in the dictionary lists and used in the I/O connection table and programs.Regent shared variables are addressed by their position in the list, e.g. the variables here are at Modbus address 0600 onwards. Trusted variables may be allocated individual addresses or none at all. Regent often requires spare variables to space out the addresses; these are not needed in Trusted.Figure 7 Regent Shared Control Relays and the Trusted equivalentWinterpret shared registers and shared floating point registers are in separate lists. Trusted integers and reals are all in the same list.Figure 8 Analogue variablesWinterpret allows multiple programs, each containing function blocks in different languages. Each program may be loaded and controlled separately. Trusted applications have only one ‘program’ containing multiple ‘function blocks’ by comparison, though the descriptive terms are different.Figure 9 Regent and Trusted programming hierarchyRegent ladder logic function blocks are on a fixed grid with 10 columns wide. Trusted FBD/LD programs allow free design with user function blocks. These two programs are not identical in their operation.Figure 10 Ladder Logic and FBD ProgramsRegent is capable of floating point arithmetic in separate Math function blocks, using a structured text language similar to Trusted ST. In this case, FBD has been used as its replacement.Figure 11 Floating Point MathsRegent has scaling functions as a separate function block language. These may be implemented with conversion tables or with programming in ST, or using FBD as implemented here.Figure 12 Scaling functionsRegent has a separate function block language for defining points to be collected by Sequence of Events. In Trusted, the evented points may be configured as outputs and wired to SOE boards (there is no native SOE on Regent I/O modules when in a hybrid system).Figure 13 Sequence of EventsCommunication settings are very different, by definition of the different architecture. Regent can have six ports which may be for diagnostics (COMM), text output (ASCII), Modbus slave or master or Regent Peer network. Trusted does not need allocation of a diagnostic port, and does not implement text output or Regent peer network. In this case, the ports are essentially unused.Figure 14 Port ConfigurationICS Triplex technologies and services are available worldwide.Hall RoadMaldon EssexCM9 4LAUKTel: +44 1621 854444Fax: +44 1621 851531Fortechnicalsupportemail:********************** Salesenquiries:********************Technology Driven Customer Led。

trustedinstaller权限获取方法TrustedInstaller 是 Windows 操作系统中的一个权限角色，用于安装、卸载和更新软件。

如果您需要获取 TrustedInstaller 权限，以下是几种方法:1. 快速解决方法：在 Windows 键 + R 组合键打开运行窗口，输入 cleanmgrdC 并按回车，然后扫描并清理系统文件。

处理后，您可以尝试重新删除文件，此时它将不再需要 TrustedInstaller 权限。

2. 手动获取权限：对于可执行文件，您可以使用批处理脚本或PowerShell 脚本来获取 TrustedInstaller 权限。

首先，您需要找到要获取权限的可执行文件的路径，然后使用以下命令之一:- 管理员权限批处理脚本示例:@echo off addgroup "TrustedInstaller" adminstart notepad- 管理员权限 PowerShell 脚本示例:$admin = Add-Type-AssemblyName System.Security.Principal.Windows-ForceAdd-Type -AssemblyNamepression.FileSystem -ForceAdd-Type-AssemblyName .WebProxy -ForceInvoke-Command-ComputerName $(CTXTrustedInstallerComputer) -ScriptBlock {Add-Type -Path "C:WindowsSystem32RSAENH.DLL" -Force}-ArgumentList $false,$(CTXTrustedInstallerRole),$(CTX TrustedInstallerAccount),$(CTX TrustedInstallerPassword)3. 通过组策略获取权限：您可以通过在 Windows 操作系统中添加或删除 TrustedInstaller 权限来管理员组策略。

Who is Japan T obacco International?Japan T obacco International (JTI) is a leading to-bacco product manufacturer, selling its brands in 120 countries. The international division of the company is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. JTI employs approximately 40,000 people around the world at 400 offices, 27 fac -tories, five research and development centres, and five tobacco-processing facilities.Reducing the T esting Burden on Business UsersAs a global organisation, JTI relies on its suite of SAP solutions to keep everything runningsmoothly; from finance to Human Resources, and logistics to manufacturing and distribu-tion. T o reduce the overall risk level when new features or versions are introduced, testing is an important part of the software develop-ment lifecycle. JTI traditionally asked the SAP business users to take responsibility for this, as explained by José Jiménez, SAP Delivery Center T est Management Lead within JTI’s IT Global Development Centre: “T esting used to be a manual effort, involving many SAP users on the business side. We used an in-house developed test management tool, along with a record of test plans and results. As our SAP implementation grew, we were very aware that software testing is not a part of our users’ core job and yet we were asking them to spend more and more time on this effort. We could also see that involving so many users in manual testing makes it an error prone activity and we wor-ried about the quality of our software in the long term.”In a bid to increase efficiency and give the users more time for their core jobs, the team looked at outsourcing regression test execu-tion and introducing functional test automa-tion. SAP and Wipro, the chosen outsource partner, weighed in on the technology selec-tion. After extensive market and vendor re-search, the combined team chose the Micro Focus suite of testing tools, licensed through SAP, to support this effort. Micro Focus ALM/Japan T obacco InternationalAchieving ambitious S/4HANA migration with tried and trustedMicro Focus Application Delivery Management solutionsAt a Glance■Industry Manufacturing ■Location Switzerland ■ChallengeReduce the software testing burden on business users, and support a major migration to S/4HANA with huge testing requirements ■Products and ServicesMicro Focus ALM/Quality CenterMicro Focus LoadRunner Professional Micro Focus UFT OneMicro Focus Business Process T esting ■Critical Success Factors+72% test automation drastically reduces burden on business users+98.8% of defects identified and fixed before go-live+Improved test coverage increases software quality+Highly effective combination of regression testing outsourcing and functional test automation +S/4HANA migration involved 2,000 business users, 160,000 tests, and 16,200 defectsCase StudyApplication Delivery Management“We could support a huge-scale project such as the S/4HANAmigration with trusted tools we were already familiar with. Through testing outsourcing and sophisticated automation, we have drasticallyreduced the burden on our business users, improved our test coverage, and increased the quality of our service.”JOSÉ JIMÉNEZSAP Delivery Center T est Management Lead, IT Global Development Centre Japan Tobacco InternationalCase StudyJapan T obacco InternationalQuality Center was implemented as the central test repository, with Micro Focus LoadRunner Professional deployed for performance test-ing, Micro Focus UFT One for functional test-ing, and Micro Focus Business Process T esting (BPT) to accelerate functional test automation. Moving from Business UserT esting to Outsourced and Automated T estingThe new test suite covered all relevant JTI busi-ness processes and even though business users were still key to the success, the new process drastically reduced their time involved. “ALM/Quality Center tracks and manages the entire testing process and defects for us, and we introduced automation for 72 percent of all test cases,” says José. “Business users don’t need to execute the tests themselves any-more, but through an automated process they review and approve the test results before the SAP release go-live. We saw an immediate pro-ductivity improvement with our business users spending 68 percent less time on their testing activities. Over the next couple of years, we refined and automated our testing processes even further, and saw another 65 percent im-provement against the new baseline numbers. This time saving means the users can focus on their core job functions.”The integration between the Micro Focus solu-tions makes it far easier to create test plans, assign testers, set deadlines, execute the au-tomated test scripts, and record the results for each test. Stakeholder feedback was over-whelmingly positive with comments such as: “Great tool!”Smooth S/4HANA Migration—Huge Undertaking Supportedby Micro Focus SolutionsThis level of automation became especially important when JTI made the strategic decision to migrate its SAP environment toSAP S/4HANA, an ERP solution with built-inintelligent technologies, including AI, machinelearning, and advanced analytics. These capa-bilities align with JTI’s ambition to transform itsbusiness and become more agile and flexible.This huge undertaking involved all businessand IT functions within JTI and it would be areal test for the Micro Focus suite of solutions.Micro Focus was able to offer a more flexiblelicence agreement, better suited to the scaleof the SAP S/4HANA testing effort, which led tothe direct partnership between JTI and MicroFocus. The testing project, managed throughALM/Quality Center, involved over 2,000 JTIpeople from all 120 operating countries, tocover all legal entities. In Madrid, the team intro-duced a purpose-built campus facility wheretesters from all over the world worked duringa two-month period. ALM/Quality Center re-corded a peak activity of over 600 concurrentusers, not surprising when you imagine that al-most 160,000 functional tests were executed.User Acceptance T esting (UAT) required themost testers and test runs –however it is es-sential to the success of any major project re-lated to core business systems. Through thetesting process 16,200 defects were reportedwith over 98 percent of them fixed before thenew solution went into production.When asked how the SAP S/4HANA migra-tion might have been managed without thesupport of Micro Focus solutions, José says:“All IT projects within JTI are driven by busi-ness requirements. Moving to S/4HANA hadvery clear benefits and so the migration wouldhave happened, but without the Micro Focussolutions our test coverage would not havebeen as extensive and fewer defects wouldhave been caught before production. T eamswould have managed the testing effort throughspreadsheets and emails which is inherentlyerror prone and higher risk, so we were gratefulthat we already had experience with an inte-grated set of enterprise-ready testing solu-tions to support us. The direct collaborationwith Micro Focus really helped our productivity.We were impressed with the level of supportwe received.”Defining a New RegressionT est Scope with Micro FocusAlmost as soon as the S/4HANA environmentwent live the world was hit with COVID-19, andJTI was forced to change its traditional work-ing practices quite drastically, in line with manycompanies around the world. ALM/QualityCenter and its ecosystem of Micro Focus test-ing solutions enable effective remote teamcolla b or a tion regardless of location and timezones. José was pleased to report that therewas no disruption at all during the pandemic,and in fact, it showcased to management thatthere is a more efficient and agile way of work-ing through o ut the software developmentorganisation.After the successful go-live of S/4HANA, theteam’s attention turned to preparing for the an-nual SAP upgrade process. “S/4HANA is a verydifferent and new environment, so the majorityof our existing test scenarios and processesno longer applied, and we used ALM/QualityCenter to define a new regression test scope,”comments José. “We carefully analysed andselected 5,000 tests that were adapted to workin our S/4HANA environment. The test execu-tion was outsourced, and we worked closelywith Wipro testers in India on a mix of auto-mated and manual test execution. We receivedreports for 170 defects which we visualised ona heatmap we created on top of ALM/QualityCenter with Microsoft Power BI. This was reallyhelpful for us as it clearly showed the urgencyand severity of each defect and its potentialimpact on our users, focusing and prioritisingthe resolution process.”Micro Focus—a T rusted Partnerin High-Profile ProjectsThe annual S/4HANA upgrade is a high-profile exercise that requires C-level approval in each of JTI’s legal entities. Having the clear reporting and analytics in ALM/Quality Center to show the comprehensive testing effort and the re-sults is key. For the first upgrade, 52 different CFOs were presented with independently isolated testing results enabling them to con-fidently provide go-live sign-off for over 100 JTI legal entities.José concludes: “Having worked with the Micro Focus testing toolset for a number of years now has helped us mature our processes and create a very tangible asset for us as an organ-isation. We could support a huge-scale project such as the S/4HANA migration with trusted tools we were already familiar with. Through testing outsourcing and sophisticated automa-tion, we have drastically reduced the burden on our business users, improved our test cover-age, and increased the quality of our service.”“ALM/Quality Center tracks and manages the entire testing process and defect management for us, and we introduced automation for 72 percent of all test cases.”JOSÉ JIMÉNEZSAP Delivery Center T est Management Lead, IT Global Development CentreJapan T obacco International。

1. PCS7 V7.0 sp1 WEB OptionPCS 7 OS Web PCS 7 Intranet/InternetPCS 7 PCS 7 OS Web OS /1.1 OS WEB WEBPCS 7 OSWEB WEB PCS 7 OS PCS 7 OS Web PCS 7 OS Web OS PCS 7 OS PCS 7 OS WebPCS 7 OS PCS 7 Web Internet ExplorerIntranet/Internet PCS 7 OS Web/ OS WEB WEB 50 3 10 25 501.1 PCS 7 OS Web /1.2 OS WEB WEBPCS 7 OS OS WEB WEB PCS 7 Web InternetExplorer Intranet/Internet PCS 7 OS WebPCS 7 OS Web PCS 7 OS PCS 7 OS WebPC OSOS Web PCS7 Web ServerOS Web Web 31.2 PCS7 OS WEB WEB1.3 OS WEB WEBPCS 7 OS OS WEB WEBOS Web OS Web 3OS Web 3 OS WebOS Web OS Web PCS7 Web DiagnosticsOS Web PCS7 DVD ”Additional_products\Webnavigator__Vx.y\ Setuup\Dignosticsclient\setup\winccdiagnosticsclient.msi”1.3 PCS7 OS WEB OS WEBPCS7 Web Option Start SIMATIC Documentation English PCS7- OS web option PCS7 V7.0 Sp12.2.1OS / OS WEB OS Windows Server 2003 OS OS WebOS OS Windows Server 2003Windows 2003 Server Sp2Internet Explorer V6.0 SP2 or later, Internet Information Services (IIS)PC Intel Pentium IV, 2 GHz;1024 MB memory,network portsAccess to Intranet/Internet or TCP/IP connection to OS Web clientWindows 2003 ServerWindows XPInternet Explorer V6.0 SP1 or laterPC No PDAs, Table PCs, etc.Access to Intranet/Internet or TCP/IP connection to OS Web server2.2 OS WEB SERVER“OS Web ” PCS7 PCS 7 Toolset DVD OS WEBOS WEB OS WEB OS /OS WEB2.2.1 WINDOWS 2003 Information Services (IIS)WINDOWS “ ” “ WINDOWS ”“Application server” “Details”2.1 / WINDOWS2.2 Information Services (IIS) OK IIS2.2 Information Services (IIS)2.2.2 PCS7 OS WEB ServerPCS 7 Toolset DVD DVD “Setup.exe”“ ” “ ”(package installation)2.3 PCS72.3 “ ” “ ”(Program packages)“OS WEB SERVER“2.4 PCS73 ES OS Web/3.1WebWebOS / “ ”(Computer properties)OS Web3.2 WEBPCS 7“ OS”OS Web Web OS C VB OS /OS PC PCS 7 OS WebWeb OS OS WebSIMATIC PCS 7 ES SERVERCLIENT1 CLIENT_WEBSER WEB SERVER OS3.13.3 WEBWEB WEB SERVEROS Web OS Client @ 2OS Server n 1+n “n” OS WebOS Web WEB WEB3.3.11 SIMATIC OS Web OSC 16 “Edit ”> “Open object” WinCC “Web Navigator” “Web View Publisher” WinCC Web3.2 ES Web2 “ ” “ WEB ” WEB SERVER OS “ ”(Server prefix) :Path for WinCC project WinCC Folder for Web access to your pictures Web Web Web WEB SERVER “Webnavigator” “ ”(Browse)3.3 ES3 “ ” “WinCC Web ” “>>”3.4 Web4 “ ” “WinCC Web - ” OS Web C C “>>”3.5 WebWeb navigator Web Client Web server5 “ ”(Next) “WinCC Web – ” “>>”3.6 Web6 “ ” “WinCC Web – ” “ ” WEB WEB3.7 Web7 “ ”83.8 Web9“PdlPad”“PdlPad” “ ”(Edit) >“ ”(Check scripts)10 “ ”3.3.2 OS SERVERSERVER1 “ WEB ” “ ”(Server prefix) Web OSOS SERVER SERVER “COLOR”3.9 ES ServerSERVERPath for WinCC project folder OS SERVER WinCC “COLOR” SERVERPublishing folder of the Wincc Web Web2 Server Webserver Color3.10 ES3 “PdlPad”(__) A__B.pdl3.3.3WEBWeb OS OS Web WinCCIntranet/Internet Web1 ES OS Web WinCC /3.11 ES Web2 WEB “Web ”(Web Navigator), “ ”(Start screen) “ ”(Browse) “ ” “@screen.pd_” “OPEN”3 “Language” “ ”(Browse)“ ” Web “ ”43.3.4OS / PCS 7 OS PCS 7 OS WebOS“ ”(Graphics runtime)WinCC OS Web“ “ “ ”(Startup) “WinCC”(WinCC runtime start up order) “ ”(Graphics runtime)3.12 ES Web Server3.3.5 Web Server OS WebWEB OS OS Web (OS) OS Web (OS)1 Web Server OS “PLCDownload ” OS3.13 ES Web Server2 WINCC “OK” OS WEB /3.14 ES Web Server4. OS Web4.1Web server OS WEB WINCC WEB SERVER WINDOWS WINDOWS IIS Web Internet (Internet Information Service IIS) OS Web OS Web OS Web (OS, Operating Station) OS Web WebIntranet/Internet4.2 OS Web1) WEBSERVER WINCC2) WEB NAVIGATOR WEB ConfiguratorWEB4.1 OS Web WebWeb Server3 “ ” “ ”(Create a new standard website(standalone))4.2 Web4)“http” Internet HTTP “80”“PCS7 WEB”OS Web IP 192.168.0.55 Web OS Web: Web“MainControl.asp”4.3 Web WebInternet Explorer“MainControl.asp” Web Internet Explorer Web“Webclient.asp”5 WEB5. WEB5.1 WebWeb PCInternet Explorer PCS 7Web PC “Web ”OS Web PCS 75.2 Internet Explorer1 Internet Explorer “ ” ->“Internet ” “ ”2 WEB “Internet” “ Intranet” “ ...”(CustomLevel...) “Script ActiveX controls marked safe for scripting”“Download signed ActiveX controls” “Enable” WEBWEB WERVER5.1 Web WEB3 “ ”(Trusted sites) “ ”(Trusted sites) “”Web . “ ”(OK) “ ”(Security Settings)4 “ ”(Add this Web site to the zone) OS Web“*://157.54.100 – 200” “ftp://157.54.23.41”“http://*”5.2 Web Web Server4 “ ”(Trusted sites) “ ”(Default Level) “...”(Custom Level...) “ ”(Security Settings) “ ActiveX ”(Initialize and script ActiveX controls not marked as safe)“ ”(Enable) “ ”(OK)5.3 Web5 “ (https:)”(Require server verification (https:) forall sites in this zone)5.4 Web “ ”6 “ ”(OK) “Internet ”(Internet Options)5.3 Web PCWeb PC Web Web PC WEB1 Intranet/Internet OS Web Web2 PCS 7 Toolset DVD“Additional_Products\WebNavigator__Vx.y\setup\Client\Setup\WinCCWebnavigatorClient.msi”WebIntranet/Internet1 WEB PC Internet Explorer Internet Explorer OS WebIP , , , WinCCPC “ ”5.5 Web Web Server2) OS Web “ ”(Install) PC “Web ”5.6 Web Web3 “ ”(File download) “ ”(Run) “ ”(Customer information)5.7 Web4 “ ”(Click here to install) “”(Complete)5.8 Web “ ”5 “ ”(Install) , , “ ”5.4 WebPCS 7 WEBInternet WEBSERVER1) Web :Web Web PCWeb Server PCS7 Web Server Web / WebOS Web WinCCInternet Explorer OS Web WebWeb “MainControl.asp”2) Web , Internet Explorer Web IP WEB WEB 1-25.9 Web “ ”3 IP , “ ”(Download area) “”(Download plug-ins), Internet Explorer Web5.10 Web “ ”4 Web , PCS 7WinCCWinCCPCS 75.11 Web “ ”WebInternet Explorer OS Web5.12 WebWeb OS6 :6 1 WEB WebServer Internet ExplorerWEB Server Web “ ” “MainControl.asp” WEB IE Activx6 2 Web /Web “ ”(Start) >“ ”(Settings) >“ ”(Control Panel) >“ ”(Add or Remove Programs)6 3 WEB OS ?:Web (Operating Station OS)Internet Explorer6 4 Web BATCH SFCSFC Web SFC SFC “ ”(Section) “ ”(Overview)SIMATIC BATCH SFC– Microsoft MSXML 6.0– SIMATIC BATCH WinCC– SIMATIC ES– SIMATIC SFC- SIMATIC SFC6 5 Web6 6 WEB Server WEBWINDOWS IIS WEB6 7 WEB SERVERPCS 7 WEB Internet WEBSERVER。

keystore与truststore的区别及keytool常⽤命令本⽂为博主原创，未经允许不得转载： 1. key store 与 trust store 区别 2. java 配置单向认证与双向认证的过程 3. key store 与 trust store 常⽤命令 4. tomcat ， zookeeper 配置双向认证过程1. key store 与 trust store 区别 keystore是存储密钥（公钥、私钥）的容器。

keystore和truststore其本质都是keystore。

只不过⼆者存放的密钥所有者不同⽽已。

本质都是相同的⽂件，只不过约定通过⽂件名称区分类型以及⽤途 对于keystore⼀般存储⾃⼰的私钥和公钥，⽽truststore则⽤来存储⾃⼰信任的对象的公钥。

2. 单向认证与双向认证 单向认证： 单向认证是客户端验证服务端的真伪性，所以需要将服务器端的证书server.crt导出，导出的server.crt就是服务器端的公钥。

然后将 server.crt 导⼊到客户端的 trustore 中。

这样服务器就被客户端信任了，连接时客户端使⽤服务器端的公钥去验证服务器。

双向认证： 服务器的公钥导⼊到客户端的truststore，客户端的公钥导⼊到服务器端的truststore中。

客户端请求服务器端，服务器端通过预置有客户端证书的 trust store 验证客户端的证书，如果证书被信任，则验证通过 服务器端响应客户端，客户端通过预置有服务端证书的 trust store 验证服务端的证书，如果证书被信任，则验证通过，完成⼀个双向认证过程。

java 在jdk 中已经默认在 $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/cacerts 这个⽂件中预置了常⽤的证书3. key store 与 trust store 常⽤的命令： 3.1 创建证书keytool -genkeypair -alias "test1" -keyalg "RSA" -keystore test.keystore.jks -genkeypair：⽣成⼀对⾮对称密钥; -alias：指定密钥对的别名，该别名是公开的; -keyalg：指定加密算法，本例中的采⽤通⽤的RAS加密算法; -keystore:密钥库的路径及名称，不指定的话，默认在操作系统的⽤户⽬录下⽣成⼀个".keystore"的⽂件 3.2 查看 Keystore 的内容keytool -list -v -keystore test.keystore.jks 3.3 添加⼀个信任根证书到keystore⽂件keytool -import -alias newroot -file root.crt -keystore test.keystore.jks 3.4 导出 jks 的证书⽂件到指定⽂件keytool -export -alias alias_name -keystore test.keystore.jks -rfc -file test.cer 3.5 删除jks 中指定别名的证书keytool -delete -keystore test.keystore.jks -alias alias_name4. tomcat 配置 ssl 认证 打开server.xml，找到<!-- <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" /> -->这样⼀段注释，在这段注释下⾯添加如下⼀段代码：<Connector SSLEnabled="true" acceptCount="100" clientAuth="false"disableUploadTimeout="true"enableLookups="false" maxThreads="25"port="8443" keystoreFile="D:\developTools\apache-tomcat-idm\tomcat.keystore" keystorePass="111111"protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol" scheme="https"secure="true" sslProtocol="TLS" /> 其中clientAuth=”false”表⽰是SSL单向认证，即服务端认证，port=”8443”是https的访问端⼝，keystoreFile="D:\developTools\apache-tomcat-idm\tomcat.keystore"是第⼀步中⽣成的keystore的保存路径，keystorePass="111111"是第⼀步⽣成的keystore的密码。