泡菜中乳酸菌的分离及其苯乳酸产量研究
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武汉工业学院硕士学位论文发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其应用研究姓名:杨雪申请学位级别:硕士专业:应用化学指导教师:陶兴无20080601摘 要发酵蔬菜技术历史悠久,但传统自然发酵模式存在发酵周期长,产品质量不稳定等弊端。
现代生物技术的发展为传统食品的现代化改造提供了思路。
人工接种发酵模式以其规范,安全,快速得到人们的认可。
本论文主要从传统发酵蔬菜中分离和筛选乳酸菌,并研究它们在发酵工艺的应用。
从大头菜等发酵蔬菜中初步分离出69株产酸菌,经过革兰氏染色,产酸实验,亚硝酸盐降解实验,抑菌实验等筛选得到三株产酸较快安全性较高的菌株,编号分别为L1,L27,R9,经生化和分子生物学鉴定, L1为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.plantarum),L27为短乳杆菌(Lactobacillus.brevis),R9为肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc.mesnteroides)。
L1、L27、R9 三株菌生长特性研究结果表明:L1,L27的适宜生长温度为35℃,R9的适宜生长温度为30℃。
三株菌的适宜pH范围均为6~6.5。
通过正交试验优选出适宜菌种扩大的种子培养基配方为:蛋白胨0.5%,酵母提取物0.5%,玉米浆4%,番茄汁8%。
用不同的菌种组合发酵萝卜泡菜,三种菌组合时产酸口感均较佳,可以作为优良发酵组合。
将其应用于雪里蕻发酵和大头菜发酵,接种发酵新工艺产品的质量稳定,风味好。
总酸,蛋白质,氨基酸态氮及果胶等成分的检测结果均优与自然发酵。
对照传统自然发酵,接种发酵大头菜的发酵时间从120d缩短为37d,亚硝酸盐含量为0.87mg/kg,雪里蕻发酵时间从52d缩短为21d,亚硝酸盐含量0.58mg/kg。
关键词:发酵蔬菜,乳酸菌,分离鉴定,发酵工艺ABSTRACTThe technology of fermented vegetables has a long history, but the traditional natural fermentation technology has many disadvantages such as the unstable product quality. Traditional food has been promoted with the development of modern biotechnology.Fermentation technology based on bacterias was accepted for its criterion,security and criterion. This paper obtained lactic acid bacterias from the traditional fermented vegetables, and studied their application in fermentation technology.Sixty-nine strains of bacterias have been isolated from fermented kohlrabi and other fermentation vegetables. By the Gram stain, security checks and antibacterial test ,three lactic acid bacterias were obtained ,which were L1,R9, L27,By the biocemically and molecular biologically identify test,the results showed that L1, was Lactobacillus.plantarum,L27 was Lactobacillus.brevis,and R9 was Leuconostoc.mesnteroi des.The characteristics of growth were studied on L1,L27 and R9 .The results showed that the appropriate temperature for the growth of L1 and L27 was 35℃,while that of R9 was 30 ℃. The optimum pH range for the three strains was 6 ~ 6.5.Expanded culture for strains could be achieved using improved seed medium:0.5% peptone, yeast extract 0.5%,corn pulp 4% ,tomato juice8% .The group with the three lactic acid bacterias was selected as the excellent fermentation agent,for both of its acid producing and taste were better than others. Applied the fermentation agent to kohlrabi and Potherb Mustard fermentation,products from new fermentation technology had stable quality and good taste, andwhose total acid, proteins,amino nitrogen and pectic were better than those from natural fermentation . Compared with traditional natural fermentation, the kohlrabi fermentation period shortened from 120 d to 37 d,nitrite content was 0.87 mg / kg, Potherb Mustard fermentation period was shortened from 52 d to 21 d,and nitrite content was 0.58 mg / kg.KEY WORDS: fermented vegetables, lactic acid bacteria, isolation and identification, the fermentation technology论文独创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果,除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得 武汉工业学院或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。
苯乳酸高产乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性的研究
李明华;孟秀梅;徐咏梅
【期刊名称】《中国食品添加剂》
【年(卷),期】2017(000)010
【摘要】通过溶钙圈法和琼脂柱扩散法从泡菜中分离到了一株苯乳酸高产乳酸菌,并对其进行了种属鉴定及其生长特性的初步研究.结果表明,在39株具有抑菌效果的菌株中,苯乳酸最高产量为91.5mg/L,经菌落形态、细胞形态、生理生化特性和16s rDNA鉴定表明,该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),其最佳生长初始pH为6.0,最佳生长温度为30℃,培养16h即达到稳定期,60h时苯乳酸产量趋于稳定.
【总页数】6页(P85-90)
【作者】李明华;孟秀梅;徐咏梅
【作者单位】江苏食品药品职业技术学院,淮安223003;江苏食品药品职业技术学院,淮安223003;江苏食品药品职业技术学院,淮安223003
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】Q939.11+7
【相关文献】
1.发酵辣椒中一株乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性的研究 [J], 王丽芳;王修俊;郑君花;杨志波;王纪辉
2.菠萝皮渣中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性研究 [J], 香换玲;何艳梅;林峰;冉苒;
陈志聪;王玲
3.酱油渣中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性研究 [J], 唐素婷; 区锡敏; 孙张乐; 黄桂东; 娄华; 钟先锋
4.菠萝皮渣中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及其生长特性研究 [J], 香换玲;何艳梅;林峰;冉苒;陈志聪;王玲
5.一株具有高效抑菌活性乳酸菌的分离鉴定及生长特性研究 [J], 徐云凤;张欣;褚泽军;张萌;张敏;陈俊亮
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传统泡菜制作与乳酸菌的分离观察泡菜是一道传统的韩国食品,制作过程中需要使用乳酸菌进行发酵。
乳酸菌是一类能够将葡萄糖转化为乳酸的细菌,常用于发酵食品以达到延长保质期和增加食品味道的目的。
本文将详细介绍传统泡菜制作的过程,并且对乳酸菌进行分离观察,以进一步了解其在泡菜发酵过程中的作用。
首先,材料准备。
传统泡菜的主要材料是白菜和辣椒粉。
白菜需要先切成块状,然后洗净沥水备用。
辣椒粉是为了增加泡菜的辣味,根据个人口味可适量添加。
接下来是腌制。
将白菜块放入腌菜缸中,加入适量的盐,均匀撒在每一块白菜上。
腌制的时间通常需要3-4小时,这个过程中盐会吸收白菜中的水分,同时排出一部分的水分。
腌制结束后,用流水冲洗掉菜块上的盐份,并搅拌去掉多余的水分。
然后是发酵。
将冲洗干净的白菜块放回腌菜缸中,并适量加入辣椒粉和其他调料,如大蒜、姜、鸡精等,根据个人喜好可自由搭配。
将所有材料均匀混合,确保每一块白菜都裹上了调料。
此时,泡菜需要放置在一个密封的容器中,保持适当的温度和湿度,以利于乳酸菌的发酵。
发酵的时间根据个人口味可适当延长,通常需要2-3天。
最后是贮存。
发酵结束后,将泡菜存放在低温环境中,以防止继续发酵。
传统泡菜通常会存放在冰箱中,这样可以延长其保质期,同时也使其味道更加浓郁。
通过以上制作步骤,我们可以制作出美味可口的传统泡菜。
在整个制作过程中,乳酸菌起到了重要的作用。
为了深入了解乳酸菌在泡菜中的发酵过程中的作用,我们可以通过分离观察乳酸菌。
具体的实验步骤如下:1.取一小部分发酵后的泡菜,并将其放入无菌水中进行稀释,以得到适量的菌液。
2.取一份无菌琼脂平板,将菌液均匀涂抹在平板表面。
3.将琼脂平板放入恒温箱中,在适当的温度和湿度下进行培养。
4.观察平板上的菌落情况,根据形态和颜色的差异,可以初步判断乳酸菌的种类。
5.从菌落上挑选出几个代表性的菌落进行单菌分离,分别培养在琼脂平板上,以获得纯种乳酸菌。
6.对单菌进行生理生化实验,确定其乳酸菌的生物学特性,如利用能力、发酵产物等。
2016年第35卷第11期 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS·3627·化 工 进 展苯乳酸的微生物合成及分离研究进展倪正,关今韬,沈绍传,贠军贤(浙江工业大学化学工程学院,绿色化学合成技术国家重点实验室培育基地,浙江 杭州 310032) 摘要:苯乳酸是一种高值有机酸和新型的天然防腐剂,可由乳酸菌等多种微生物代谢产生。
苯乳酸有着较为宽广的抑菌谱,对大多数革兰氏阳性、阴性菌和真菌都有明显的抑菌作用,不仅作为天然抑菌剂可替代化学合成的防腐剂,而且可经聚合反应合成聚苯乳酸新型高分子材料,作为聚乳酸高分子的替代物。
因此,苯乳酸在化工、制药、生物、材料和食品等领域有广阔的应用前景。
本文从苯乳酸抑菌特性、微生物菌株、转化合成、代谢途径及下游分离纯化等方面,简述了其生物转化合成和分离的研究现状。
微生物菌株是苯乳酸合成的关键,基因工程菌的转化能力虽然高效,但构建工程菌较复杂;从自然环境中筛选安全优良的菌株,可以简化转化合成过程,提高转化率和料液中苯乳酸的浓度;苯乳酸的分离纯化还处于实验室的规模,有待进一步探索以达到工业化的要求。
关键词:苯乳酸;生物合成;发酵;分离;微生物菌株中图分类号:Q 939.97 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000–6613(2016)11–3627–07 DOI :10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016.11.036An overview of recent advances in microbial synthesis and separation ofphenyllactic acidNI Zheng ,GUAN Jintao ,SHEN Shaochuan ,YUN Junxian(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology ,College of Chemical Engineering ,Zhejiang University of Technology ,Hangzhou 310032,Zhejiang ,China )Abstract :3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA )is a high-value organic acid and also an important metabolite of some lactic acid bacteria with effective activities against a wide range species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and some fungi. This interesting compound has potential applications in chemical and pharmaceutical industry ,biotechnology ,and material and food areas as either a potential alternative to the chemical preservatives or a promise key monomer for the preparation of new polymer materials of poly(phenyllactic acid)s by polymerization ,which have enhanced properties compared with those of wide-used poly(lactic acid)s. The present review summarizes the advances in the antibacterial activities ,the available microbial strains ,the biotransformation and biosynthesis ,the metabolic pathways within these microorganisms ,and the downstream separation and purification methods of PLA. The bacteria strains are crucial to the bioconversion or biosynthesis production of PLA. Although the recombinant engineering strains always have high conversion efficiencies ,the construction of these strains is complex. The screening of new ,safe strains with satisfactory bioconversion properties from natural resources is of great importance and an interesting approach for the enhancement of the bioconversion efficiency and the final concentration of PLA in the biotransformation第一作者:倪正(1992—),男,硕士研究生。
传统发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及特性研究摘要我国传统发酵蔬菜制作历史悠久,东北地区和西南地区是其主要产区。
乳酸菌是传统发酵蔬菜中优势微生物,其在发酵过程中不仅改善了产品风味和营养价值,还通过产生有机酸等抑菌物质延长了产品的贮存期。
一些研究已经对发酵蔬菜来源的乳酸菌的发酵特性和功能特性等进行了研究,但这些研究涉及的样本量通常较少,而且主要集中在某一个省份,缺乏统计学意义上的代表性。
本研究从东北地区(黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古)采集了80个发酵蔬菜(发酵白菜)样品,从西南地区(四川和重庆)采集了64个发酵蔬菜(发酵芥菜)样品,从其中共分离出351株乳酸菌,分别对其亚硝酸盐降解能力、产γ-氨基丁酸能力、产苯乳酸和4-羟基苯乳酸能力,降胆固醇功能及抗氧化功能等进行了研究。
拟揭示我国传统发酵蔬菜中可分离乳酸菌种类的分布规律、其发酵特性和功能特性与地域与微生物种属的关联性。
获得的主要结论如下。
从传统发酵蔬菜中分离出的351株乳酸菌分属于4个属,36个种。
东北地区和西南地区发酵蔬菜中乳酸菌的种类存在明显的不同。
在西南地区发酵蔬菜中分离出的乳酸球菌均为耐乙醇片球菌,而在东北地区发酵蔬菜中分离的乳酸球菌除了片球菌属外,还有肠球菌属、明串珠球菌属;通常植物乳酸菌和短乳杆菌是两个地区传统发酵蔬菜中优势的乳酸杆菌。
尽管乳酸菌的亚硝酸盐降解能力具有一定的菌株特异性,但是东北地区发酵蔬菜分离出的乳酸菌的亚硝酸盐降解能力显著高于西南地区发酵蔬菜(P<0.001);乳酸杆菌的亚硝酸盐降解能力显著高于乳酸球菌(P<0.001);不同菌种间在亚硝酸盐降解能力上也存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
仅有3%的菌株具有产γ-氨基丁酸的能力,这些菌株集中在布氏乳杆菌(5株)、短乳杆菌(4株)和植物乳杆菌(1株)。
通常布氏乳杆菌具有较强的γ-氨基丁酸产生能力,在48h内可将底物谷氨酸钠转化67.0%-92.1%;绝大多数乳酸菌都具有产苯乳酸和产4-羟基苯乳酸的能力,而且菌株在产苯乳酸和4-羟基苯乳酸能力上存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05,R=0.883);乳酸杆菌产产苯乳酸和4-羟基苯乳酸的能力显著高于乳酸球菌(P<0.001)。
泡菜中乳酸菌的分离及其发酵液抑菌活性研究陈静;朱强;朱明【摘要】[ Objective ] The reference for the production of the ferment of pure lactic acid bacteria and the improvement of traditional lactic acid fermentation was provided through the research on the isolation of the lactic acid bacteria from pickled vegetable and the formation of its antibiotic material. [ Method] The bacterium for acid formation was isolated from the pickled vegetable by means of the medium of lactic acid isolation and the product was identified based on the experiment in acid formation and morphologic/biochemical character. The antibiotic activity of the supernatant was tested. [ Result] 11 bacterium strains were isolated from pickled vegetable and the experiment in the acid-producing of the strain indicated that the strain: J-4, J-5, J-9 and J-11, was better strain. The preliminary identification of morphologic/biochemical character indicated that 4 bacterium strains belonged to lactic acid bacteria spp. The experiment in antibiotic activity of the supernatant indicated that the four bacterium strains was with stronger antibiotic activity, among which, the strain: J-4, had broad-spectrum antibiotic activity.[ Conclusion] The research could provide the inspiration and reference value of development and application of the fermentation and antibacterial factor of lactic acid bacteria.%[目的]从泡菜中分离筛选优势乳酸菌并时其产抑菌物质进行研究,为生产纯菌乳酸茵发酵剂、改进传统乳酸发酵食品生产提供参考.[方法]利用乳酸菌分离培养基从泡菜中分离产酸菌,并通过产酸试验、形态学及生化特性判断是否为乳酸菌属;取发酵上清液进行抑菌活性研究.[结果]从泡菜中分离获得11株产酸菌,产酸试验表明J-4、J-5、J-9、J-11为优势产酸菌;通过形态学及生化特性,初步鉴定4株产酸菌均为乳酸杆菌属;发酵上清液抑菌试验表明,4株菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,其中,J-4还具有广谱抑菌活性.[结论]研究对于纯种发酵及乳酸菌抑菌素的开发应用具有一定的启发和借鉴价值.【期刊名称】《安徽农业科学》【年(卷),期】2011(039)003【总页数】4页(P1501-1504)【关键词】泡菜;乳酸菌;抑菌;分离【作者】陈静;朱强;朱明【作者单位】淮海工学院海洋学院,江苏连云港,222005;淮海工学院海洋学院,江苏连云港,222005;淮海工学院海洋学院,江苏连云港,222005【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S37泡菜属乳酸菌发酵食品[1-2],是借助于天然附着在蔬菜表面的有益微生物(主要是乳酸菌)进行缓慢自然发酵的产品。
发酵大头菜中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及生产初试杨雪陶兴无高冰陈强摘要从经过自然发酵的大头菜中分离出菌株若干经形态特征生理生化特征鉴定表明其中四株属于乳酸菌。
其中植物乳杆菌两株编号A1A2耐酸乳杆菌一株编号C短乳杆菌一株编号D。
发酵实验表明A1、A2发酵风味较好且有较高的产酸能力具有用于纯种发酵生产大头菜的潜力。
关键词发酵大头菜乳酸菌分离鉴定中图分类号Q93-33 文献标识码B 文章编号Isolation and identification of Lactic acid bacteria from fermented mustard plant and trying for radish production YANG Xue Xingwu –Tao GAO Bing CHEN Qiang Wuhan Polytechnic University Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Wuhan 430023 Abstract: Four strains were obtained from the natural fermentation mustard plant Basd on the morphology and biochemistryof whichA1A2were L.plantarum C was L.acetotoleransD was Lactobacillus brevis Primary fermentation experiments showed that A1A2 suit for taking pure fermentation mustard plant during to their high productivity of acid ability. Key words: fermented mustard plant lactobacillus isolation identification 大头菜学名―芥菜‖又称―蔓茎‖系根菜类有强烈地芥辣味不宜生吃通过腌制后成为独特风味的佳品。
腌菜中乳酸菌的分离及产酸菌筛选研究杨海英;张振宇;佐玉梅;杜刚【摘要】[目的]从云南不同地区腌菜样品中分离乳酸菌,并筛选产酸能力较强的菌株,为筛选用于腌菜制作的乳酸菌苗株奠定基础.[方法]将收集到的16个腌菜样品在MRS培养基上分离纯化乳酸菌,对其进行形态学观察;通过筛选培养基上的水解圈筛选产酸菌株,再通过初步乳酸发酵进一步筛选产酸菌株.[结果]从16个腌菜样品共分离得到22个菌株,均为革兰氏阳性菌,其中有15个是杆菌,7个为球菌;以产酸菌株筛选培养基筛选出产水解圈的3个菌株,其中1086b水解圈最大.初步发酵研究表明,22菌株乳酸发酵都可使发酵液pH下降,其中10株菌pH下降幅度较大.[结论]分离出多样性丰富的乳酸菌菌株,从中筛选出产酸能力较强的菌株,研究可为筛选用于腌菜制作的乳酸菌菌株提供借鉴.%[Objective] To isolate lactic acid bacteria from the pickle samples from various places of Yunnan Province and screen the strains with strong acid-producing capacities for pickles production, f Method] The lactic acid bacteria were isolated on MRS medium from 16 pickle samples, and then their morphology was observed. The excellent acid-producing strains were screened through hydrolytic ring in screening medium and the primary fermentation of lactic acid. [ Result] 22 strains isolated from 16 samples. All of them were gram-positive bacteria. Fifteen of them were bacillus and seven of them were cocci. Three strains could produce hydrolytic ring and strain 1086b was the best. The pH of broth dropped through initial fermentation of all stains. About ten of them significantly declined. [ Conclusion] The rich diversity of lactic acid bacteria were isolated. And the strong acid-producing strains werescreened out from them. The research could provide reference for the screening of acid-producing strains for pickles production.【期刊名称】《安徽农业科学》【年(卷),期】2012(000)013【总页数】3页(P7909-7910,7915)【关键词】腌菜;乳酸菌;分离;产酸菌【作者】杨海英;张振宇;佐玉梅;杜刚【作者单位】云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院,民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650500;云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院,民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650500;云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院,民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650500;云南民族大学化学与生物技术学院,民族药资源化学国家民委-教育部重点实验室,云南昆明650500【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S188乳酸菌指能从葡萄糖或乳糖的发酵过程中产生乳酸的细菌的统称。