江西省临川一中,南昌二中,九江一中,新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考理科考试物理试卷

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校重点中学协作体高考地理一模试卷一、单选题（本大题共11小题，共22.0分）1.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图，2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海，给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

据统计，秋台风的数量虽不如夏季台风数量多，但秋季更易生成超强台风，其最主要的原因是（）A. 地转偏向力增强B. 低纬度海区海水温度高C. 亚欧大陆气压升高D. 地表植被凋零，阻力小2.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图，2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海，给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

台风“山竹”移动路径与原来预测路径相比出现北移，造成该现象的最主要影响的原因是（）A. 副热带高气压B. 海水温度C. 地转偏向力D. 地面摩擦力3.如图是秋季强台风“山竹”来临时的区域风向示意图，2018年9月16日至17日台风“山竹”正面袭击珠江三角洲沿海，给当地居民生产、生活带来严重影响。

据此完成1-3题。

图示时刻，雷州半岛主导风向最可能为（）A. 东南风B. 西南风C. 东北风D. 西北风4.“棒棒”是指以竹棒和绳索为劳动工具，在城市爬坡上坎、流动揽活，专门为市民日常生活、商业活动提供零星搬运劳务服务的打工农民。

“棒棒”群体的工作形式不同于其他的打工族，更不同于城市工矿企业的工人。

他们主要活动于街头、菜市场、汽车站、码头、家电商场等，承担了城市人不愿意干的以苦、累、险为特征的工作。

据此完成4-6题。

“棒棒军”最可能出现的城市是（）A. 深圳B. 成都C. 兰州D. 重庆5.“棒棒”是指以竹棒和绳索为劳动工具，在城市爬坡上坎、流动揽活，专门为市民日常生活、商业活动提供零星搬运劳务服务的打工农民。

“棒棒”群体的工作形式不同于其他的打工族，更不同于城市工矿企业的工人。

江西省临川一中，南昌二中，九江一中，新余一中等九校重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考数学（理）试题满分：150分时间：120分钟一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知为虚数单位，，其中，则（）A. B. C. 2 D. 4【答案】A【解析】，其中，解得，，故选2.已知命题，命题，若命题是命题的必要不充分条件，则实数的取值范围是（）.A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】由题意化简A，B，将条件转化为A B，列出不等关系解得a的范围即可.【详解】∵，，又命题是命题的必要不充分条件，∴B A，由数轴可得： a，故选D.【点睛】本题考查了必要不充分条件的概念，涉及解一元二次不等式，以及子集的应用，属于基础题.3.两个正数，的等差中项是5，等比中项是，则双曲线的离心率等于（）.A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】先由题设条件结合数列的性质解得a，b，再由双曲线的性质求得，可得答案．【详解】由题设知，解得a＝6，b＝4，∴，∴．故选：C．【点睛】本题借助数列的性质考查双曲线的简单性质，解题时要认真审题，注意公式的灵活运用．4.已知实数，满足线性约束条件，则其表示的平面区域外接圆的面积为（）.A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据二元一次不等式组表示平面区域进行作图，根据三角形的形状确定外接圆的直径，求外接圆的半径，即可得到结论．【详解】由线性约束条件，画出可行域如图（及内部，又与y=x垂直，∴为直角，即三角形ABC为直角三角形，∴外接圆的直径为AC，又A(-1,3),C(-1,-1),AC=4, ∴外接圆的半径r=2，∴外接圆的面积为=4，故选C.【点睛】本题主要考查线性规划的应用以及三角形的外接圆问题，利用数形结合是解决本题的关键．5.为了研究某班学生的脚长（单位：厘米）和身高（单位：厘米）的关系，从该班随机抽取10名学生，根据测量数据的散点图可以看出与之间有线性相关关系，设其回归直线方程为，已知，，.该班某学生的脚长为23，据此估计其身高为（）.A. 160B. 166C. 170D. 172【答案】B【解析】【分析】计算、，求出b，的值，写出回归方程，利用回归方程计算所求的值．【详解】根据题意，计算x i＝25，y i＝174，；∴174﹣4×25＝74，∴4x+74，当x＝24时，计算4×23+74＝166，据此估计其身高为166（厘米）．故选：B．【点睛】本题考查了线性回归方程的求法及应用问题，是基础题．6.函数图像向左平移个单位后图像关于轴对称，则的值可能为（）.A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】先化简f(x)，再根据函数图象平移变换法则，求出平移后的函数解析式，根据对称性求出满足条件的a的值．【详解】函数,将其图象向左平移a个单位（a＞0），所得图象的解析式为：y＝2sin[2（x+a）﹣]，由平移后所得图象关于y轴对称，则2a﹣＝kπ，即a＝，又，当k＝0时，a．故选：B．【点睛】本题考查的知识点是函数图象的平移变换及正弦型函数的对称性，其中根据已知函数的解析式，求出平移后图象对应的函数解析式是解答本题的关键，属于基础题．7.已知，则（）A. 18B. 24C. 36D. 56【答案】B【解析】，故，.8.《九章算术》是中国古代数学专著，其中的“更相减损术”可以用来求两个数的最大公约数，即“可半者半之，不可半者，副置分母、子之数，以少减多，更相减损，求其等也，以等数约之.”翻译成现代语言如下：第一步，任意给定两个正整数，判断它们是否都是偶数，若是，用2约简；若不是，执行第二步：第二步，以较大的数减去较小的数，接着把所得的差与较小的数比较，并以大数减小数，继续这个操作，知道所得的数相等为止，则这个数（等数）或这个数与约简的数的乘积就是所求的最大公约数.现给出更相减损术的程序图如图所示，如果输入的，，则输出的为（）.A. 3B. 6C. 7D. 8【答案】C【解析】【分析】由循环结构的特点，先判断，再执行，分别计算出当前的a，b的值，即可得到结论．【详解】∵，，满足a，b都是偶数，则a＝＝57，b＝＝15,k=2；不满足a，b都是偶数，且不满足a=b，满足a>b，则a=57-15=42，n=1,不满足a=b，满足a>b，则a=42-15=27，n=2,不满足a=b，满足a>b，则a=27-15=12，n=3,不满足a=b，不满足a>b，则c=12,a=15,b=12,则a=15-12=3，n=4,不满足a=b，不满足a>b，则c=3,a=12,b=3,则a=12-3=9，n=5,不满足a=b，满足a>b，则a=9-3=6，n=6,不满足a=b，满足a>b，则a=6-3=3，n=7,满足a=b，结束循环,输出n=7,故选：C．【点睛】本题考查算法和程序框图，主要考查循环结构的理解和运用，以及赋值语句的运用，属于基础题．9.已知扇形，，扇形半径为，是弧上一点，若，则（）.A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】【分析】将已知等式两边同时平方，利用数量积的运算法则计算，可得到cos，即可求得结果.【详解】由，两边同时平方得=，则有3=4+1+2=5+22cos，∴cos，，故选D.【点睛】本题考查了向量数量积的运算，考查了夹角的求法，属于基础题.10.如图所示，网格纸上小正方形的边长为1，粗实线画出的是某多面体的三视图，则该多面体的表面积为（）.A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】【分析】由三视图还原该几何体得到三棱锥，将三棱锥放在对应的正方体中，结合正弦定理求出三棱锥A﹣BCD的四个面的面积，求和即可．【详解】由三视图知该几何体是如图所示的三棱锥A﹣BCD，将该三棱锥是放在棱长为4的正方体中，A 是棱的中点，在△ADC中，AC＝2，且CD∴AD=，2=4；在△ABD中，AB＝2，BD=4，由余弦定理得，cos∠DAB，∴sin∠DAB，∴2,又与均为边长为4的正方形面积的一半，即为8，∴三棱锥A﹣BCD的表面积为12+2=，故选：A．【点睛】本题考查了空间几何体的三视图，考查了余弦定理及三角形面积公式的应用，解题关键是由三视图还原为几何体，是中档题．11.已知以圆的圆心为焦点的抛物线与圆在第一象限交于点，电商抛物线上任意一点与直线垂直，垂足为，则的最大值为（）.A. -1B. 2C. 1D. 8【答案】C【解析】试题分析：求得圆心，可得抛物线C1方程，与圆C的交点A，运用抛物线的定义和三点共线，即可得到所求最大值．详解：圆C：（x﹣1）2+y2=4的圆心为焦点（1，0）的抛物线方程为y2=4x，由，解得A（1，2），抛物线C2：x2=8y的焦点为F（0，2），准线方程为y=﹣2，即有|BM|﹣|AB|=|BF|﹣|AB|≤|AF|=1，当且仅当A，B，F（A在B，F之间）三点共线，可得最大值1，故选：C.点睛：本题考查圆方程和抛物线的定义和方程的运用，考查方程思想和定义法解题，以及三点共线取得最值，属于中档题，一般和抛物线有关的小题，很多时可以应用结论来处理的；平时练习时应多注意抛物线的结论的总结和应用。

2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AThe critics' top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers，the London Evening Standard，The TLS，The Spectator and the New Statesman．Normal People by Sally Rooney Faber £14.99Sally Rooney's debut novel，Conversations with Friends，was one of last year's most talked-about books．The response to the Irish writer's follow-up has，if anything，been even more ecstatic．The 27-year-old was praised for her ability to convey subtle modulations of emotion．The novel was long listed for the Man Booker Prize - but many felt that it should have done better．Vietnam by Max Hastings William Collins £30This long-awaited historical blockbuster follows the Vietnam War over three decades．from the French "dirty war" of 1946-54 to America's capitulation to the Vietcong in 1975．Hastings，who reported from the battlefield in Vietnam as a young British journalist，was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict．The Silence of the Girls by Pat Barker Hamish Hamilton £18.99Pat Barker's novel is a retelling of The lliad - but with women at the heart of the action．The central character is Briseis，who appears only glancingly in Homers original．Best-known for her First World War Set Regeneration trilogy （1997）．Barker，in her fifties，again focuses on the traumas of war．Reviewers praised the novel's subversive energy even if it was judged conventional in places．A Certain Idea of France by Julian Jackson Allen Lane £35This door-stopping biography by British historian Julian Jackson - born in 1954 chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen．While acknowledging that de Gaulle wasn't very likeable，Jackson salutes his imagination and boldness- qualities that helped him steer France through its liberation from the Nazis and the war in Algeria．Critics suggested it would become the standard biography．1.Which author of the four books is the youngest according to the text？______A. Sally RooneyB. Max HastingsC. Pat BarkerD. Julian Jackson2.Which book may people who are interested in a political leader's life choose？______A. Normal PeopleB. VietnamC. The Silence of the GirlsD. A Certain Idea of France3.What is the author's purpose in writing the text？______A. To remember the four great novelists．B. To introduce the yearly top four novels．C. To encourage studies on the four novelsD. To promote the values of the four novelistsBIn Australia，the bilby （兔耳袋狸）project is seen as an important part in protecting the nation's wildlife．Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs．They usually sleep during the day，and are awake at night．They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms．For the first time in 2018，bilbies are running wild in Southeastern Australia．The small animals were once widespread across much of Australia，but were last observed in the wild in New South Wales state in 1912．Every year bilby populations continue to decrease．Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby，a small marsupial，could eventually disappear forever，either because of land clearing or fires．Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes，which hunt down and kill bilbies．In northern New South Wales state，environmentalists are celebrating what they are calling a historic moment．Thirty bilbies from a captive breeding program have been released into a large predator-free enclosed area north of Sydney．Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence，experts say the animals probably would not survive．Tim Allard heads the Australian Wildlife Conservancy，which is involved in the project．He says the release of these beloved animals is a big deal．"There are some remaining wild bilby populations，but they get predated upon heavily by feral cats and foxes．Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas．" Allard said the point of doing this project is to return the countryside to what it used to be before Europeans arrived．"So in the not-too-distant future，you will be able to go inside the fenced areas and it will be like stepping back before Europeans turned up，" he said．4.What is the main idea of paragraph 1？______A. The shape of the bilby．B. The habit of the bilby．C. The weight of the bilby．D. The characteristics of the bilby．5.The followings are the reasons for Bilbies' disappearance EXCEPT ______ ？A. Trees' clearing．B. Fires' bursting．C. Cats' hunting．D. Foxes' killing．6.What docs the underlined word "enclosed" in paragraph 3 probably mean？______A. Involved．B. Protected．C. Hunted．D. Enlarged．7.From Allard's words，what do we know？______A. The release of bilbies can make much money．B. Cats and foxes cause the decrease of bilbies．C. Nature reserves are needed to protect bilbies．D. Europeans shouldn't turn up in the countryside．CThat the success of humans as a species depends to a large extent on our ability to cooperate in groups is widely believed．Much more so than any other animal，people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits．New research involving Dr Molleman，an expert at the University of Nottingham，suggests that successful cooperation in groups depends on how people gather information about their peers，and how they base their cooperative decisions on it．Biologists wonder how cooperation could have developed by natural selection：it is puzzling how cooperation can be beneficial when it is possible to behave selfishly and take advantage ofthe cooperative efforts of your group．Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment．They asked questions like "How do people make decisions when their actions can affect the welfare of others？" "How people determine their behavior when they have to cooperate in groups？"．Dr Pieter Van Den Berg from the University of Groningen said，"From previous research we know that some people are ‘majority-oriented （以……为中心）' and tend to look at the behavior of the majority in their group，whereas others are ‘success-oriented' and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves．"Dr Molleman，from the center of the Decision Research and Experimental Economics，said，"It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people．As a consequence，the people in the majority-oriented groups tended to cam more money in the experiment since they cooperated more．"pared with other animals，human beings are capable of ______ ．A. communicating well with othersB. working together with each otherC. surviving some natural disastersD. getting access to various information9.What are the psychologists and economists most interested in？______A. Whether people's personal efforts will pay off eventually．B. How cooperation has developed over a long lime naturally．C. Why people offer to affect those around them unselfishly．D. What benefit that good cooperation can bring immediately．10.We can infer that the success-oriented people ______ ．A. are careful to select a group to joinB. are likely to be successful in the futureC. pay more attention to the result of their effortD. have some skills in collecting useful information11.What is the new finding of the research？______A. Having good relationship gets us to live fullest life．B. Focusing on individual success makes people selfish．C. Being considerate can ensure our long-term benefit．D. Mastering social skills help create harmonious society．DStephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans．The physicist，who died aged 76 in March，2018，thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings．His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions．Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children's DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity．And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice．In an extract （摘录）published by The Sunday Times，he wrote："I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression．"Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans．But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics，such as memory，resistance to disease and length of life．" And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process，leaving them unable to compete．The professor even warnedit could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it．He said of normal humans："Presumably they will die out，or become unimportant．Instead，there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate．" The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr，which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others．And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science，some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style （优生方式）movement，where the weak are weeded out of society．The new book，published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday，also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society．In it，he examines whether aliens exist，colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System．12.Stephen Hawking's views don't include ______ ．A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings．B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes．C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics．D. Humans who haven't undergone genetic engineering may die out．13.Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton？______A. Brief Answers to Questions．B. The Sunday Times．C. The Brief History of Time．D. Solar System．14.What's Stephen Hawking's attitude towards human genetic engineering？______A. Supportive．B. Impartial．C. Favorable．D. Concerned．15.What does the text mainly want to tell us？______A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed．B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans．C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System．D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings．二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）5 ways to focus your mind 1．Focus with a purposeThe mistake most people make is lacking a clear purpose -they want to be more focused，but don't know what for．Avoidance is the mother of distraction．If you don't have a concrete reason to stay focused，your mind will jump from one thing to another．Training your mind to pay attention requires something to focus on．(1) ．When you don't have a purpose，it's easier to get distracted．Conversely，having a clear ‘why' will help you stay focused．2．Solve a real problemMost of the times，we are doing meaningless work．We jump from one task to another without accomplishing anything．We end solving the wrong problem and lose our focus．You have to decide what your priorities are-focus on what will advance your daily，weekly or monthly goals．Leam to say no to the rest．(2) ．Those who lack focus are busy fighting urgent，but irrelevant fires．3．Eliminate（消除）other options(3) ，it's harder to get distracted，Create rules where you can't start a new activity until you finished another one first．For example，in a good day，Pink leaves his office at 10-10：30．On a bad day，he might stay ‘disconnected' until 2 or 3 PM．When you climinate all options，it's easier to focus on the only thing that's left．4．(4) ．When your work and your mental state are not aligned （使结盟），they create an emotional dissonance．Focusing is hard，Dealing with this stressful feeling becomes an additional distraction．Adapting your work to your mental state increases your focus．Leam tounderstand the types of work you do and align them with your mental states．5．Set deadlinesDeadlines are more than bringing your goals to life．Yes，committing to a specific date increases your chances to achieve an objective．However，the power of deadlines lies in creating a constraint．Limitations benefit both creativity and productivity-by challenging ourselves，we increase our focus．(5) ．A．When you don't have choicesB．When you create some rulesC．Take advantage of your mental stateD．Combine your action with your mental stateE．Focus on important things and suppress urgencyF．Focusing requires having an intention for your attentionG．Using deadlines smartly can motivate you with less pressure16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）I did my first wing-walk two years ago，on my 86 birthday．Then last June，aged 88，I did it again and (21) my own record as the world's oldest (22) wing-walker．There was something about being strapped （捆扎）to the (23) of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing-Stearman that (24) my imagination．It's very exciting．The first experience was nothing but tame．This year，I said to the(25)，"Can you make it a bit more adventuresome？" He said，"I could do a loop-the loop （翻筋斗）if you like？"This time，he (26) doing half a loop which was very effective．You go down a bit，then straight up．All I felt was a bit (27)，because it was windy．But you are (28) strapped．The pilot makes sure everything is (29)．I had gloves on，earplugs and lots of layers，which protected me．Both times，we (30) from Gloucestershire Airport and were in the air for 15 minutes．You don't sit on the wing-you sit on (31) looks like a chair．I wasn't nervous．But when you look at the propellers （螺旋桨），you do feel a little strange．You're (32) at the beginning that it's a (33) dangerous activity and things could go wrong．However，I said："Well，at 88 what does it (34)？You ve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of (35)．" At my age，a lot of people are (36) in their ways．I don't think any of my (37) from my retirement home wants to (38) me．I imagine most of them think I'm(39) as a woman．But I do think people of my age should be doing more (40) things．You shouldn't sit back and feel sorry for yourself．21. A. kept B. broke C. saved D. protected22. A. doctor B. repair C. male D. female23. A. wing B. head C. tail D. bottom24. A. practised B. displayed C. inspired D. broadened25. A. driver B. pilot C. guide D. director26. A. turned up B. gave up C. took up D. end up27. A. shaky B. dizzy C. shiny D. clumsy28. A. tightly B. largely C. safely D. correctly29. A. special B. secure C. cautious D. accessible30. A. let out B. got through C. broke up D. took off31. A. what B. how C. where D. that32. A. charged B. allowed C. warned D. cheated33. A. actually B. potentially C. doubtfully D. certainly34. A. mean B. live C. dream D. matter35. A. glory B. silence C. memory D. ash36. A. criticized B. beaten C. stuck D. washed37. A. leaders B. friends C. opponents D. relatives38. A. persuade B. praise C. join D. steady39. A. crazy B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous40. A. academic B. difficult C. adventurous D. ridiculous四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）41.There is a small but growing movement in America of many (1) （family）that want toreduce waste to zero．(2) （they）goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach．Some come close，reducing a year's worth of trash to only a few things (3) can fit into a small container．All other things，they say，can be recycled or composted．Zero Wasters，as they are called，help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media．A lot of people have given (4) （value）advice on the subject recently．Some of the advice includes where to buy things (5) （avoid）unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away．Bea Johnson，a housewife，says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations (6) ever before．She，who is (7) （satisfy）with the fact，says all their clothing comes from used clothing stores．She says that has reduced her household spending (8) 40 percent．Zero Wasters advocate (9) （talk）about five "r's" that describe want they do：Refuse，Reduce，Reuse，Recycle and Rot．They request that things like remaining food not (10) （throw）away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants．五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China． The cashless trend had never been more popular． With the widespread use of mobile payment， Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay． People rarely need to carry a wal let and cash at all． They are used to paying by scan QR codes （二维码）． When consuming． As result， people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes． Besides， people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments． Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenie nce． So far mobile payment has great changed peopled life in China．六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）43.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Bill在春节期间给你发了一封节日问候邮件，并在信中问及红色在中国春节中的使用，请你给他回封邮件介绍下红色在春节中的使用情况．内容包括以下几点：1．红色在中国的象征；2．春节期间红色的使用（至少列出两个要点）．注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．信的开头语和结尾已为你写好．参考词汇：贴对联 paste/post red couplets 鞭炮 firecrackerDear Bill，I'm glad to receive your letter．Yours sincerely，Li Hua2019年江西省临川一中、南昌二中、九江一中、新余一中等九校联考高考英语一模试卷答案和解析【答案】1. A2. D3. B4. D5. A6. B7. C8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D15. D 16. F 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. G 21. B22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C41. families 42. Their 43. that 44. valuable 45. to avoid 46. than 47. satisfied 48. by 49. talking 50. be thrown42. Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China．The cashless trend had never been more popular．With the widespread use of mobile payment，Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay．People rarely need to carry a wallet and cash at all．They are used to paying by scan QR codes （二维码）．When consuming．As∧result，people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes．Besides，people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments．Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenience．So far mobile payment has great changed peopled life in China．详解：1．去掉for，考查介词．句意：在中国，移动手机支付正广泛服务于人们．serve为及物动词，可以直接跟宾语，故去掉介词for．2．had→has，考查动词时态．句意：无现金的潮流从未像现在这样流行．此处强调过去发生的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成时，且主语为单数，故had改为has．3．safe→safest，考查形容词最高级．句意：微信和支付宝是两种最方便、最安全的支付方式．此处由and连词与上文形容词最高级构成一致，故也用形容词最高级safest．4．and→or，考查连词．句意：人们几乎不需要携带钱包或现金．由barely可知本句为否定句，and用于肯定句，故and改为or．5．scan→scanning，考查非谓语动词．by为介词，后跟动名词做宾语，故改为scanning．6．As后面加a，考查冠词．固定短语as a result"结果"，故中间需要添加冠词a．7．which→that，考查连接词．句意：人们永远不会担心他们可能会收到假钞．本句中they may get fake notes是consequence的同位语，故只能用that．8．we→they，考查人称代词．句意：此外，如果他们使用移动支付，人们经常可以得到折扣．此处people为第三人称复数，下文与之保持一致，故也应用第三人称复数形式的人称代词they．9．consumer→consumers，考查名词的数．consumer为可数名词，由plenty of"许多"修饰，故用复数形式consumers．10．great→greatly，考查副词，修饰动词，所以用副词．43. Dear Bill，I'm glad to receive your letter．Thanks for your best wishes! In the letter you asked me about the color red used in our Spring Festival．I'm writing to tell you something interesting about that．Red is a symbol of happiness and good fortune in our traditional culture．Therefore，you can see people wear red new clothes and pasted red couplets on doors against evils，hoping good fortune in the new year【高分句型一，现在分词作状语】．【要点一，红色在中国的象征】The firecrackers set off to scare away a monster named "Nian" are red as well．Meanwhile，people hang red lanterns，creating the atmosphere of festival【高分句型二，现在分词作状语】．Additionally，our senior citizens give their children lucky money in red packets．【要点二，春节期间红色的使用】Welcome to China to experience our unique Spring Festival．Best wishes!Yours sincerely，Li Hua【解析】1~3. 1．A．判断推理题．对比文章四位作者可知Sally Rooney27岁；第三段最后一句"Hastings，who reported from the battlefield in Vietnam as a young British journalist，was praised for his encyclopedic knowledge of the conflict．"可知Max Hastings年轻时曾在越南战场做过报道，可推测他的年龄比Sally Rooney大；第四段第二句"Barker，in her fifties，again focuses on the traumas of war．"可知Pat Barker已经五十岁了；Julian Jackson 出生在1954年；对比这些信息我们可知Sally Rooney在四位书作者中应当是最年轻，因此选A．2．D．细节理解题．根据最后一段第一句"This door-stopping biography by British historian Julian Jackson - born in 1954 chronicles the life of Charles de Gaulle who is regarded as one of the greatest ever Frenchmen．"可知这是一本关于法国著名政治家戴高乐的生平传记，因此人们如果对政客的生活感兴趣，可以选择，故选D．3．B．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段第一句"The critics' top four books of 2018 are based on Christmas selections in national newspapers"以及文章内容介绍了四本受欢迎小说可以判断，作者这篇文章的目的是为了介绍四部年度小说，故选B．本文是一篇2018年度书评．文章介绍四本年度最受欢迎小说及其简要内容特点．此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断4~7. 答案：1-4DABC1．D．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段第二句"Bilbies are known for their long ears and large back legs．They usually sleep during the day，and are awake at night．They look a lot like rabbits and grow to about 2.5 kilograms．"介绍了兔耳袋狸的体型，体重和生活习惯，这些都是兔耳袋狸的特征．因此第一段的主旨大意是介绍兔耳袋狸的特征，故选D．2．A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段最后一、二句"Wildlife experts are afraid that the bilby，a small marsupial，could eventually disappear forever，either because of land clearing or fires．Another reason is a threat from cats and foxes，which hunt down and kill bilbies．"可知兔耳袋狸消失的原因有土地清理或火灾，和来自猫和狐狸的捕食，没有提及A选项"树木清理"，故选A．3．B．词义猜测题．根据文章第三段后文"Without the protection of a 32-kilometer fence，experts say the animals probably would not survive．"可知如果没有32公里长的围栏的保护，这些动物可能无法生存．故可推测上文兔耳袋狸应当是被放入一个大型"保护"区域当中，故可推测划线部分单词意思为"保护的"，故选B．4．C．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段Allard的话提到"Bilbies only really survive behind fenced areas．"可知Allard提到兔耳袋狸只能在围栏里生存，也就是说要保护兔耳袋狸，建立大自然保护区是必要的，故选C．本文是一篇记叙文．介绍了澳大利亚政府组织为保护濒危动物兔耳袋狸而进行的兔耳袋狸计划．考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．8~11. 1．B．细节理解题．第一段中最后一句"Much more so than any other animal，people are able to coordinate and join their forces and actions to produce mutual benefits．"可知与其他动物相比，人类能够互相协作，由此选B．2．C．细节理解题．第三段中第二句"Psychologists and economists try hard to understand why many people are willing to sacrifice their own welfare to benefit their social environment．"可知心理学家与经济学家最感兴趣的是为什么许多人愿意牺牲自己的福利来造福他们的社会环境．因此选C．3．C．推理判断题．第四段最后一句"others are ‘success-oriented' and try to find out what kind of behavior pays off best for themselves"可知"以成功为导向"的人总试图找出哪种行为对自己最有利．由此推断"以成功为导向"的人更关注他们努力的结果，故选C．4．B．细节理解题．最后一段倒数第二句"It turns out that behavior in groups of success-oriented people was much more selfish than it in groups of majority-oriented people．"可知结果表明，在以成功为导向的群体中，人们的行为要比在以服务大众为导向的群体中自私得多．故研究的新发现是只关注自我成功的人更容易变得自私，因此选B．本文是一篇说明文．介绍了众多心理学家和经济学家对于具有"服务大众"型人格和"以成功为中心"型人格的人们的分析和研究．题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．12~15. 1．C．细节理解题．根据第二段第四句"But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics，such as memory，resistance to disease and length of life．"可知是some people而不是people，故C选项以偏概全，不是霍金的观点．故选C．2．A．推理判断题．根据最后一段第一句中"The new book published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday"使用了定冠词the可知是对应上文第一次提到的a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions，故Brief Answers to Big Questions是由Hodder & Stoughton 出版的，A选项正确；The Sunday Times是霍金曾经在上面发表过文章的报刊，故B选项排除；The Brief History of Time是霍金之前的书，故排除C 选项；Solar System不是书，D选项不正确．故综上选A．3．D．观点态度题．从文章第一段第一句"Stephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans．"；第二段第二句"And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice．"；与第二段中"The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it．"中fear，crisis，warn等词可以看出，霍金对于人类基因工程的态度是担忧的，因此选D．4．D．主旨大意题．文章只是作为举例说明，提到了Crispr（基因编辑技术）使科学家能够修改有害的基因．并不是文章的主要内容，故排除A选项；文章提出操纵DNA 将导致人类灭绝，而不是创造优良种族，B选项与文章内容相悖，故B选项错误；C选项"人类将移民太空并走出太阳系．"文章中没有提及，排除C选项；从文章的第一段第二句"The physicist，who died aged 76 in March，2018，thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings．"可知操纵DNA可能会导致人类灭绝，故选D．这是一篇说明文．物理学家斯蒂芬•霍金去世前的最后担忧是：操纵DNA将催生超级人类优等种族，他认为这一发展趋势可能会毁灭人类．题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．16~20. 1-5 FEADG1．F．细节理解题．根据下文"When you don't have a purpose"中的purpose可对对应F选项中的intention，都是强调集中注意力的意图，故选F．2．E．推理判断题．根据下文Those who lack focus are busy fighting urgent，but irrelevant fires．可知fighting urgent可和选项E中suppress urgency相呼应，告诉人们应该集中注意力在重要的事情上，而不是重要的但是不相关的事情上．故选E．3．A．细节理解题．根据第三个小标题Eliminate other options，和文中的最后一句话When you eliminate all options，it's easier to focus on the only thing that's left．（当你排除了所有的选择，就更容易专注于剩下的唯一的事情．）可知本段强调你需要让自己无从选择，故选A．4．D．推理判断题．根据下文"When your work and your mental state are not aligned （使结盟），they create an emotional dissonance．"当你的工作和精神状态不协调时，就会产生情绪失调．可知本段强调行动和思想状态要相结合，故选D作为这一段的小标题：要将行动和思想状态相结合．5．G．推理判断题．根据本段小标题Set deadlines可知，本段主要强调要设定最后期限，且本空位于段尾，对本段进行概括总结，故选G：聪明地利用截止日期可以减少你的压力．本文是一篇说明文．文章主要介绍了五种保持精力集中的方法．七选五中当所填句子位于段首的时，一定要先结合段落大意进行概括归纳段意．如第四小题，根据段落第一句"When your work and your mental state are not aligned （使结盟），they create an emotional dissonance．"强调当精神状态和工作不协调一致的话，就会导致情绪的失调．与段落最后一句"Leam to understand the types of work you do and align them with your mental states．"指出要学会理解你所做的工作的类型，并将它们与你的精神状态保持一致．点明本段的主旨：要将行为和心态结合一致．故选D．21~40. 1-5 BDACB 6-10DACBD 11-15ACBDA 16-20CBDAC1．B 考查动词词义辨析．kept保持；broke 打破；saved保存；protected保护．上一句提到作者在86岁时开始了第一次机翼行走，这里是说作者88岁时"打破"了自己的记录．故选B．2．D 考查名词词义辨析．doctor医生；repair修复；male男性；female女性．根据19空后的as a woman可知，作者是世界上年龄最大的"女性"机翼行走者．故选D．3．A 考查名词词义辨析．wing翅膀；机翼；head头；tail尾巴；bottom底部．根据第一段第一句中的my first wing-walk可知，作者参与的探险活动是在飞机的"机翼"上行走．故选A．4．C 考查动词词义辨析．practised练习；displayed推迟；inspired鼓舞；broadened 拓展．短语inspire one's imagination意为"激发/ 鼓舞了某人的想象力"，故选C．5．B 考查名词词义辨析．driver司机；pilot飞行员；guide导游；director导演．根据上文作者要进行机翼行走，故因此是在跟自己的"飞行员"说话，故选B．6．D 考查动词短语辨析．turned up出现；gave up放弃；took up接受；拿起；end up 结束．联系上一段最后一句可知，作者对飞行员提出冒险性的要求后，飞行员说自己可以做到让飞机在空中翻筋斗．所以此处是说飞行员最终采用了半循环的飞行方式收尾，结束．故选D．7．A 考查形容词词义辨析．shaky摇晃的；dizzy眩晕的；shiny闪耀的；clumsy笨拙的．根据该空后的a bit windy可知，当时有风，所以飞行过程中飞机稍微有点摇晃．故选A．8．C 考查副词词义辨析．tightly紧地；largely大地；safely安全地；correctly正确地．上文提到风很大会摇晃，但是你是被安全地固定着故选C．9．B 考查形容词词义辨析．special特别的；secure安全的；cautious小心的；accessible 易接近的．根据下一句可知，飞行员在飞行的过程中要确保一切是"安全的"，故选B．10．D 考查动词短语辨析．let out释放；got through经历；broke up分手；结束；took off起飞．根据该空后的内容可知，飞机在机场"起飞"，15分钟后到达空中，故选D．11．A 考查连接词辨析．what指代内容；how表方式；where表地点；that那个．主句缺宾语，从句缺主语，表示具体内容，用what引导宾语从句，故选A．12．C 考查动词词义辨析．charged充电；allowed允许；warned警告；cheated受骗．根据13空后dangerous activity可知，这是一项危险的活动，所以参加者起初一定会被"提醒，警告"，故选C．13．B 考查副词词义辨析．actually实际上；potentially潜在地；doubtfully怀疑地；certainly确定地．这项活动在进行之前已经基本保证了行走者的安全性，但也有"潜在地，可能发生"的危险性，故选B．14．D 考查动词词义辨析．mean意义；live生活；dream梦想；matter关系；妨碍．在作者看来，已经88岁了，即使出意外，那又有什么"关系"呢？故选D．15．A 考查名词词义辨析．glory荣誉；silence沉默；memory记忆；ash灰烬．在作者看来，自己已经活到88了，即使出了意外，也是以一种"光荣"的方式结束自己的生命．故选A．16．C 考查动词词义辨析．criticized批评；beaten打败；stuck卡住；washed洗．作者认为在步入老年阶段，很多人都会受困于自己的生活方式．17．B 考查名词词义辨析．leaders领导人；friends朋友；opponents 对手；relatives 亲戚．作者不认为周围已经退休的"朋友"中会有人想自己一样勇于挑战，故选B．18．D 考查动词词义辨析．persuade说服；praise赞美；join加入；steady稳定．作者认为周围的朋友受困于生活方式而不会"加入"到作者的冒险活动中来，故选C．19．A 考查形容词词义辨析．crazy疯狂的；difficult困难的；adventurous冒险的；ridiculous可笑的．作者认为那些安于现状的人不会加入，还会认为作者是"疯狂的"，故选A．20．C 考查形容词词义辨析．academic学术的；difficult困难的；adventurous 冒险的；ridiculous可笑的．根据5空后a bit more adventuresome可知，作者认为自己这个年龄段的人应该去做更加"冒险"的事情故选C．。

江西省重点中学协作体2019届高三第一次联考英语参考答案一、听力1-5 BABCC 6-10 BCAAB11-15ACCBA 16-20 AABCB 二、阅读理解21-23ADB 24-27 DABC 28-31BCCB 32-35 CADD 36-40 FEADG三、完形填空41-45BDACB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 ACBDA 56-60CBDAC四、语法填空61. families 62. Their 63. that 64. valuable 65. to avoid66. than 67. satisfied 68. by 69. talking 70. be thrown五、短文改错 Mobile payment is serving for people widely in China. The cashless trend had never been more popular. With the widespread use of mobile payment, Wechat and Alipay are two of the most convenient and safe ways to pay. People rarely need to carry a wallet and cash at all. They are used to paying by scan QR codes(二维码) when consuming. As result, people will never worry about the consequence which they may get fake notes. Besides, people can often get discounts if we make mobile payments. Mobile payment is winning over plenty of consumer with its convenience. So far mobile payment has great changed people's life in China. 六、书面表达 One possible version: Dear Bill, I’m glad to receive your letter. Thanks for your best wishes! In the letter you asked meabout the color red used in our Spring Festival. I’m writing to tell you something interesting about that. Red is a symbol of happiness and good fortune in our traditional culture. Therefore, you can see people wear red new clothes and pasted red couplets on doors against evils, hoping good fortune in the new year. The firecrackers set off to scare away a monster named “Nian” are red as well. Meanwhile, people hang red lanterns, creating the atmosphere of festival. Additionally, our senior citizens give their children lucky money in red packets.Welcome to China to experience our unique Spring Festival.Best wishes!Yours sincerely, hassafes t orscanningthat theyconsume rs greatlyaLi Hua评卷细则一、机器阅卷部分（共100分）1-20题，共20小题，每小题1.5分，共计30分。