被动句的翻译被动句的翻译桂萍英语中的被动语态和汉语被动语态相同，都表示句子的谓语动词和其主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，是动词的一种变化形式。
被动句的主语实际上是谓语动词的承受者。
当行为主体（动作的发出者）不明确，或无关紧要时，英语中就经常使用被动语态，把所要说明的人或事物放在主语的位置上。
这样就突出了行为的对象，减少了主观色彩。
尤其是在科技英语中被动语态更是被大量采用。
被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特色。
汉语中虽也有被动句，但使用范围较狭窄。
许多被动意义的句子是用无主句的形式来表达的。
英语被动句的译法比较灵活，翻译时要根据句子的整体结构采用合适的方法来处理。
一般说来，被动句的翻译可以有以下四种方法：一、将被动句译成汉语的判断句汉语中常用“……是……的”这一句式来说明人和事物的客观情况。
这种结构在语义上往往具有被动的含义，可以与英语中的被动结构相沟通。
一般说来，英语中用来说明客观情况的被动句都可以转译成汉语的这一句式。
例如：1. The table is made of wood.这桌子是木制的。
2. Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天造成的。
3. The United Kingdom is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国是由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成的。
4. The sign language is used by the deaf people.这种手势语是聋哑人使用的语言。
5. The telephone is invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 . 电话是亚历山大·格雷姆·贝尔在1876年发明的.二、将被动句译成汉语的主动句具体说明如下；1. The United Nations Secretary General said much would be achieved when the whole world acted together. 联合国秘书长说只要国际社会共同努力，很多事情都能完满解决。
翻译4定语从句和被动句被动句和定语从句的翻译一、被动句的翻译1.As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory.一旦所有事实为人们所发现，理论即可形成。
2.The optimists are not bothered by defeat.乐观主义者不会因为失败而烦恼。
3.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。
4.This old man has been taken care of years by some PLA men.这些解放军战士照顾这个老人好几年了。
5.This question will be discussed in the next lesson.这个问题将在下一节课讨论。
6.The plan will be examined by a special committee.这个计划将由一个特别委员会审查。
7.Production costs has been greatly reduced.了生产成本已经大大降低。
8.All these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 所有这些因素都应该加以考虑。
9.So far no conclusion has been arrived at.到目前为止还没有得出结论。
10.The whole village had been practically destroyed by the big flood.大洪水几乎摧毁了整个村庄。
11.The enemy was soon destroyed by us.我们很快地把敌人消灭了。
12.National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on October 1st by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.每年10月1日，中国各族人民都热烈庆祝国庆节。
1、信而见疑，忠而被谤，能无怨乎?
译为：诚信却被怀疑，忠贞却被诽谤，能没有怨言吗？
2、“故内惑于．郑袖，外欺于．张仪。
”
这里“惑”、“欺”的动作是由“于”后的“郑袖”、“张仪”发出来的。
译为：所以在内被郑袖所迷惑，在外被张仪欺骗。
3、兵挫地削，亡其六郡，身客死於秦，为天下笑
译为：军队被挫败，土地被削减，失去了六个郡，自己也被扣留死在秦国，为天下人所耻笑。
4、是以见．放
译为：因此被放逐
5、其后楚日以削割，数十年竟为．秦所．灭
译为：此后楚国的领土一天比一天缩小，几十年后，最终被秦国灭掉了。
英语中被动句的翻译⽅法（1) 汉语中有被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭等词时,可译成英语被动句.他常被派做这项⼯作. He is often sent to do this work.你叫⾬淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.这孩⼦昨天挨来了⼀顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.我们的⾐服给汗⽔湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句有些句⼦的主语不是动词的执⾏者,⽽是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时⽤被动句处理.历史是⼈民创造的. History is made by the people.这⾸歌是我⼀个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.这座桥将在今年年底建成.The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要⽤被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.据报,敌⼈当时离那⾥只有⼗⾥.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.据谣传,那场事故是由于玩忽职守⽽造成的. It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence.据了解这地⽅有丰富的⾃然资源. It is known that the area is rich in natural resources.有⼈认为 It is considered that-- 普遍认为 It is generally accepted that--据信 It is believed that-- 众所周知 It is well known that据悉 It is learned that 据推测 It is supposed that--据估计 It is estimated that 必须指出 It must be pointed out that可见 It will be seen that 不⽤说 It is understood that⽆可否认 It cannot be denied that 已经证明 It has been proved that可以肯定 It may be confirmed that 可以有把握地说 It may be safely said that⼈们有时会问 It is sometimes asked that ⼈们希望 It is expected that据说 It is said that据报道 It is reported that。
