交通规划软件安装过程(synchro8.0、vissim、transcad)

VISSIM交通仿真软件模型的构建VISSIM（Visual Simulation）是一种用于交通仿真的流行软件工具，它可以帮助交通规划者和工程师模拟和评估交通系统的效能。

在VISSIM中，交通仿真模型的构建是一个十分重要的过程，它直接影响仿真结果的准确性和可信度。

本文将详细介绍VISSIM交通仿真模型的构建方法，并探讨一些关键的注意事项。

建立VISSIM交通仿真模型的第一步是收集和准备输入数据。

这些数据包括道路地理信息、交通流量、信号控制参数等。

道路地理信息可以通过现场勘测或地理信息系统（GIS）获取，包括道路的长度、宽度、车道数目以及连接关系等。

交通流量数据可以通过交通调查、流量计数器或交通摄像头获取。

信号控制参数通常由交通信号控制系统提供，包括信号周期、绿灯时间和信号配时等。

收集到的数据应该被整理和准备好用于VISSIM模型的输入。

接下来，需要在VISSIM中创建道路网络。

在VISSIM中，道路网络由道路、车道和交叉口组成。

在VISSIM中绘制道路的几何形状，包括道路长度、宽度和曲线半径等。

然后，定义道路的车道数目和车道宽度，并将其连接成车道。

在交叉口处设计合适的交通流动和转弯行为。

通过这些步骤，可以在VISSIM中实现真实道路网络的几何结构。

在道路网络构建完毕后，需要配置交通流量。

通过使用VISSIM内置的工具，可以根据收集到的交通流量数据来配置车辆的起始位置、车速和目的地等信息。

还可以定义车辆的类型和行为模式，如小汽车、公交车和行人等。

这些配置将决定仿真模型中车辆的行为和运动规律。

信号控制在交通仿真模型中也是一个重要的组成部分。

VISSIM提供了强大的信号控制模块，包括周期、相位和配时等参数的定义。

通过在模型中添加适当的交通信号控制器，并配置相应的信号控制参数，可以准确模拟实际交通系统的信号控制策略。

在完成交通流量和信号控制的配置后，可以进行仿真模型的参数设置和运行。

VISSIM允许用户定义仿真时间、仿真步长和输出结果的细节设置等。

交通规划仿真软件实践训练作业第一部分OD反推、交通分布预测、交通分配一、根据地图，画规划路网、小区1、路网的创建在CAD中，将路网和小区分图层画好，保存为DXF格式，将其导入到TransCAD。

2、坐标调整利用百度地图中的API，找到三个点的坐标，然后利用TransCAD中的tools-geographic utilities-rubbersheet，如图1.2.1所示，调整路网的位置。

street控制坐标位置area控制坐标位置图1.2.1 控制点设置工具箱经过调整后的路网和小区如图1.2.2和图1.2.3所示。

图1.2.2 路网图图1.2.3 路网小区图3、检查路网连通性在路网层，点击【Tools】--【Map Editing】--【Check Line Layer Connectivity】,输入阈值，就可以检查其连通性，然后进行修改。

操作如图1.3.1所示。

图1.3.1 线层连通性检查二、添加路网属性路网属性包括：通行能力、自由流速度、道路名称、交通量、饱和度、自由流时间（Length/速度*3.6）。

在此路网中，自由流速度取值如下：快速路：80km/h；快速路辅路：40km/h；匝道：40km/h；主干路：60km/h；次干路50km/h；支路40km/h。

打开路网层数据表，点击【Dataview】--【Modify Table】添加属性字段。

三、小区型心点和连杆的建立1、生成小区型心点在小区图层，使用【Tools】--【Export】,打开对话框，进行如图3.1.1所示的选择，将其保存为“Centroid”的地理文件。

图3.1.1 导出型心对话框打开【Map Layers】，通过【Add Layer】，添加型心点“Centroid”图层，通过调整其风格，得到了如图3.1.2的小区型心点。

图3.1.2 小区型心点2、创建连杆添加索引字段：在路网节点图层，添加“index”的字段。

在小区层，点击【Tools】--【Map Editing】--【Connect】,打开设置对话框，进行如图3.2.1和图3.2.2的设置。

TransCAD交通规划实例作者：applepin◆启动TransCAD软件插入软件狗，启动TransCAD软件。

◆建立路段层点击新建文件图标，出现点击建立地理文件，点击OK，出现选择文件类型更改名字更改名字选中Line 层地理文件类型，并更改名字，点击OK，出现路段层属性对话框：点击Add Field，逐一增加字段属性点击OK，出现保存对话框：选择保存路径及文件名称点击Save,出现路段层地图界面添加路段在路段层上，点击Tools→map editing→toolbox出现地图编辑工具栏：点击，逐一增加路段应用保存得到7条线路、5个节点的路网。

输入路段属性数据打开路段层数据库：逐一输入路段属性数据(通行时间等于路段长度除以速度)点击新建文件图标，出现点击建立地理文件，点击OK，出现点击OK，出现小区层属性对话框逐一添加小区的字段属性点击OK，出现保存对话框：起好名字，点击Save。

再次回到路段层地图界面。

画小区。

点击Tools→map editing→toolbox出现工具栏：画出3个小区，并保存。

输入小区属性数据打开小区层数据库输入各小区的属性数据将小区质心点连接到路网（目的是做ID转换）。

在节点层上，增加Index。

原先节点层上只有经纬度两个字段两个字段点击数据库菜单，修改数据库属性增加一个新字段Index在小区层上，点击Tools→Map Editing →Connect调出对话框：点击Fill,完成如下设置：点出OK，路网显示出已经连接，出现小区质心节点打开点层数据库，发现新的变化：打开路段层数据库，发现新的变化：增加的三个节点的Index序号分别是小区号小区质心节点增加了6,7，8三个节点◆ 填充连接后新增路段(质心连杆)的值。

将其通行能力设为无穷大（大数即可）的值，通行时间设为很小的值。

◆ 在点层上，做点的选择集。

点击Tools →Selection填充连接后新增路段的值出现点选择工具栏：直接用鼠标点击数据库第一列位置，出现红色圆点，表示已经将Index的点选入选择集：建立网络。

transcad轨道交通步骤TransCAD是一个专门用于轨道交通规划和分析的软件工具，它提供了一系列功能强大的工具，可用于轨道交通网络的建模、运营分析、需求预测等方面。

本文将介绍使用TransCAD进行轨道交通规划的步骤。

一、数据准备在使用TransCAD进行轨道交通规划之前，首先需要准备相关的数据。

这些数据包括道路网络数据、公交线路数据、人口分布数据、交通需求数据等。

通过收集和整理这些数据，可以为轨道交通规划提供必要的基础。

二、建立轨道交通网络在TransCAD中，可以通过绘制道路线、设定交叉口、设置站点等方式来建立轨道交通网络。

建立轨道交通网络时，需要考虑到交通流量、道路容量、交通规则等因素，以保证网络的合理性和可行性。

三、设置交通需求在TransCAD中，可以通过设置交通需求来模拟不同时间段的交通流量。

交通需求可以根据人口分布、就业分布、出行方式等因素进行设定。

通过设置交通需求，可以预测未来轨道交通的客流量，为规划轨道交通线路和站点提供依据。

四、进行交通分析在TransCAD中，可以进行各种交通分析，如交通流量分析、交通状况分析、交通模拟分析等。

通过这些分析，可以评估轨道交通网络的运行情况，发现潜在的问题，并提出合理的改进方案。

五、轨道交通线路规划基于前面的数据准备和交通分析结果，可以利用TransCAD进行轨道交通线路规划。

轨道交通线路规划包括确定线路走向、站点设置、站点间距离等。

在规划过程中，需要考虑到交通需求、土地利用、环境保护等因素，以满足不同人群的出行需求。

六、轨道交通运营分析使用TransCAD进行轨道交通规划后，可以进行运营分析。

运营分析包括列车运行图的制定、乘客换乘分析、列车运行速度的优化等。

通过运营分析，可以评估轨道交通的运营效果，提出改进意见，以提高轨道交通的服务质量。

七、评估和优化在轨道交通规划完成后，需要对规划方案进行评估和优化。

评估可以通过模拟分析、调查问卷等方式进行，以评估规划方案的可行性和可行性。

TRANSCAD使用说明1.数据导入首先，要使用TRANSCAD进行交通分析，需要将交通相关数据导入软件中。

TRANSCAD支持多种数据导入格式，如shapefile、CAD文件、CSV文件等。

导入的数据可能包括道路网络、车流量、行车速度、人口分布等。

2.地图绘制3.交通模拟4.交通需求分析交通需求分析是TRANSCAD的一个重要功能。

通过分析人口分布、工作地点、出行目的等信息，可以确定交通需求的分布和量。

交通需求分析可以帮助决策者了解不同区域的交通需求状况，从而制定相应的交通规划措施。

5.交通规划与优化TRANSCAD还可以用于交通规划和优化。

通过设定不同的交通规划目标，如减少通勤时间、优化交通网络布局等，可以评估交通规划方案的效果。

根据评估结果，可以对交通规划方案进行优化和调整，以提供更好的交通服务。

6.交通可达性分析TRANSCAD可以进行交通可达性分析，即分析不同目的地的可达性情况。

可以通过设定交通工具和目的地，计算出不同区域的可达性指数，从而评估交通系统的效能。

交通可达性分析可以帮助决策者了解交通系统的覆盖范围和服务水平。

7.交通影响评估TRANSCAD可以进行交通影响评估，即评估交通规划对交通系统和周边环境的影响。

可以模拟不同交通规划方案下的交通流动情况和交通拥堵程度，从而评估不同方案的优劣。

交通影响评估可以帮助决策者选择最优的交通规划方案。

8.可视化与报告输出TRANSCAD提供了强大的可视化功能，可以将分析结果以图表、地图等形式展示出来。

同时，还可以将分析结果导出为报告，以便进一步分析和沟通。

可视化和报告输出功能使得TRANSCAD成为一个强有力的决策工具。

总之，TRANSCAD是一款功能强大的交通分析与规划软件，可以用于交通模拟、交通需求分析、交通规划优化等方面。

通过使用TRANSCAD，可以更好地理解和规划交通系统，提供更好的交通服务。

transCAD简单教程一、概况TransCAD系统是由美国Caliper公司开发的交通GIS软件，现已推出用于Windows平台的3.5版。

二、技术特性TransCAD软件把地理信息技术和交通规划技术较好地结合在一起，可以方便地对各类交通运输及相关数据进行存储、提取、分析和可视化。

由于采用先进的Windows环境及一系列最新的开发方法，使得软件具有较好的风格：先进的菜单界面、强大的图形功能、方便的工具栏、良好的开放性、多文档、多用户操作等等。

TransCAD与其它Windows应用程序相仿，对容量没有硬性限制，最大限度地发挥硬件能力。

运行环境为Windows 3.1及以上版本。

TransCAD 3.5为32位应用程序。

三、功能特性TransCAD主要包括5大功能：Windows下的、功能强大的地理信息系统；扩展数据模型，提供显示和处理交通数据的基本工具；汇集了极其丰富的交通分析过程；各式各样、数量巨大的交通、地理、人口统计数据；可以生成宏、嵌入、服务器应用及其他用户程序。

交通过程主要包括：网络和路径：生成、设置、路段方向、选定路段、转向工具箱、最短路、多路径、货郎担问题、网络分割、带宽设定等线路系统：线路服务、站点服务、线路编辑等规划：出行产生、吸引、平衡、快速反应模型、出行分布、交通分配等公交：网络生成、设置、最短路、网络阻抗计算等路线和逻辑分析：成本矩阵计算、货运路线计算与显示、弧最短路、指派问题、运输问题、货流配送、最小成本流、分区、聚类、设施定位等统计：报表、校正、模型估计、模型应用、生成模型文件、邻接矩阵、空间校准等TRANSCAD教程1-- Project and TransCAD OverviewORGANIZATIONLAB OBJECTIVESTo provide hands-on experience with transport planning, analysis, and design and t o present Geographical Information Systems (GIS) fundamentals.TERM PROJECTHomework assignments and the course project will utilize TransCAD, a PC-based GIS for transportation which is installed in the Civil Engineering Computer Lab in E G3141. A formal lab will be held every week; typically on Fridays but occasionally on Mondays and Wednesdays (a discussion section often may be held as part of t he lab). Individual copies of TransCAD are not available, but additional formal lab ti me will be scheduled as needed. TransCAD manuals will be available in the Lab, and may be checked out from the TA or the main CEE office. The course project will be completed individually (or perhaps in teams of 2).There will be intermediate reports due during the quarter, and a comprehensive final report will be due durin g exam week (tentatively, June 16, 2004). Incorporated into the final report will be one or more network design solutions. It is highly recommended that each person/t eam keep all project material in a 3-ring binder to facilitate management of project documentation. All project reports must be prepared professionally. Given the import ance of technical writing in the Civil Engineering profession, each submitted project will receive two equally weighted grades: one for technical content, one for report quality. Formal report preparation guidelines are included in the course notes. Sam ple projects from prior years are available from the instructor or TA.LAB REFERENCESCaliper (1996) TransCAD User's Guide Version 4.0Additional material focusing on GIS will be available in the lab or on-line.Project Report Style GuideGRADINGLab works will account for 35% (30% on term project and 5% on unannounced qui zzes in lab) of the total course grade.SCHEDULESee Overall Course ScheduleINTRODUCTIONWhat is TransCAD?TransCAD is a full-featured Geographic Information System (GIS) designed specific ally for managing analyzing, and presenting data related to transportation systems and facilities. It contains a comprehensive set of transportation analysis models that are commonly used by transportation professionals in theirdaily work.What is a GIS?Different definitions of a GIS have been used in different disciplines. For the newco mers to GIS, consider this relatively simpler definition: A computer software designed to manage and display data that describe features on the Earth's surface. Examp les of such features with transportation relevance are: freeways, streets, bus routes, intersections, bus stops, etc.Why GIS for transportation system analysis?GIS make it possible to display and visualize phenomenon such as traffic. For exa mple, GIS can display on a map streets with various widths to represent different amount of traffic on these streets. In addition, GIS can be used to prepare data fo r analysis in ways not possible with traditional transportation modeling software.Fundamentals of GISTo be able to use TransCAD efficiently, it is necessary to understand some funda mentals of GIS. Two of the most important GIS concepts are introduced here to fa cilitate the understanding of the tutorial materials. More GIS concepts will be introd uced throughout the quarter.Maps are generated from a databaseAlthough GIS display maps, in most cases these maps are not stored in co mputers as image files. Maps are generated by GIS from a database withdifferent tables. For example, each node in the map (Figure 1) is generatedbased on the coordinates in the Nodes table (on the upperright hand side). Each street link is generated by linking the two end nodes (see the Highways/Streets table).Features are organized into layersA map can be regarded as a set of overlaying transparencies. Each transparency is drawn with one type of feature. For example, in Figure 1, the ma p consists of two layers: Nodes and Highways/Streets. Each layer is associated with a data table and each feature is linked to a record in the table.TransCAD TutorialSee page 15 to 23 of the TransCAD User's GuideFigure 1 Map and DatabaseThe Miasma Beach Transportation ModelThere are six Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs) in Miasma Beach, and two external stations. Zones 1 and 2 are in the Central Business District (CBD), zone 3 is an urban residenTI Al area neighboring zone 4, zone 4 is a major commercial and industrial area about two miles east of the CBD, and zones 5 and 6 are suburban residential zones located about fi ve miles east of theCBD. Zones 7 and 8 are External Stations representing the eastern a nd western extremes of Coast Highway, the arterial which traverses the southern border of the City along the beach.The initial transportation network for the city comprises a grid of secondary-classified maj or arterials and a single primary arterial (Coast Highway). The six TAZs are attached by single 0.25 mile centroid connectors. Facility operating characteristics are detailed in Table 1.+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Miasma Mountains ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ |+ N || 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th W+E || Str Str Str Str Str S || |+ 1-+----+-------+---------------+----+-5 Mountain || | | | Avenue || CBD |1 mi | 4 Urb.Res. | || | | | | Suburbs |+ 2-+----+-------+---+---+-------+-------+----+-6 Miasma | | | | | Blvd || |1 mi 3-+ Comm/Ind | || | | | |+ 8----+---------------+---------------+----7 Coast || 0.5 2.0 2 mi 0.5 Highway || || Ext.Station Ocean Beaches Ext.Station |+ |+---+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---+Figure 1. City of Miasma Beach Network Schematic [Spring2004]Table 1. Miasma Beach Speed-Capacity Table----------------------------------------------------------------- Link Type Speed Lanes Capacity/Lane -----------------------------------------------------------------1. Freeway 60 2 18003. Primary Arterial 45 2 9004. Secondary Arterial 30 1 6005. Local Street 15 1 3008. Ramp 30 1 6009. Centroid Connector 25 9 1000Task 1. VALIDATE 2004 BASE YEAR NETWORKYou are provided with two sets of TransCAD files, mb2004.*and Taz.*. The first, mb2004, contains the GIS layer of the coded transportation network; the second, Taz, contains the Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) layer and activity system data (demo graphics and trip ends). The first task is to create a map file in TransCAD and to validate the zone system and network structure.GIS ConceptsWhy are there so many files with the same file names, mb2004and Taz?To efficiently manage information pertaining to a layer, a GIS usually divides the in formation into different files. It takes all the files with the name of mb2004to gene rate the Miasma Beach network in TransCAD. If you want to work from a different directory or computer, you must copy the entire set of files.1.1 Create Base Miasma MapConstruct the TransCAD "map" file which contains the GIS data for the Base Year 2004 Transportation System T and theActivity System A.1.1.1Open a Geographic FileGo to File / Open. On the File Open dialog box, select the drive and directory wh ere you store your files (mb2004.*and Taz.*). Select Geographic File under the L ist Files of Type. You should see MB2004.DBD and TAZ.DBD in the file box. Sel ect MB2004.DBD and click OK.You should now see a "stick" network in front of you. The network does not contai n end points and intersecting points. To see them, go to Map / Layers. On the La yers dialog box, under Layers in Order of Display, select Nodes(it is hidden no w) and click the Show Layer button. Close this dialog box.Exercises:Change color and style of the streetsHide streetsLabel each street with ITS name (Hint: All you need is the Layers dialog B ox)1.1.2Add Another LayerGo to Map / Layer again. Click the Add Layer button. On the File Open box, op en the Geographic File of TAZ.DBD. You should now see the TAZ layer being add ed to your map but some parts of the TAZ layer seem to be displayed outside of the window. Go to Map / Scale. On the Map Scale dialog box, select Show the E ntire Layer of TAZ and Selection Set All Features.GIS ConceptsWorking Layer (or Current Layer)When you have more than one layers in your map, there is always one layer desi gnated as the Working Layer(or Current Layer). All the manipulations on the ma p (such as labeling or querying) apply to the working layer only.Exercises:Ask TransCAD to draw TAZs before the Highway/Streets network.(Hint: Move Up and Move Down in the Layers dialog Box) ?Ask TransCAD to drop the streets from the map and add it back again (Hint: Drop Layer and Add Layer in the Layers dialog Box) ?Label each TAZ with its ID and street with its name (Hint: switch the Working Layer between Highways/Streets and TAZ and lab el each layer)Examine the MapExamine the map and compare it with Figure 1. Familiarize yourself with this map and the characteristics of the various link, node, and zone attributes.1.1.3Save the MapAfter you set up the display of the map to the way you want (which should be lab eled properly), go to File / Save As. On the Save As dialog Box, select the drive and directory where you store your files. Select Map File under the List Files of Type. Type in MB2004under File Name for your map and click OK.GIS ConceptsWhat is a *.map file?A *.map file contains information about the settings of the map such as, what layers are in the map, the color and style of each layer, texts, labels, and freehand items (markers) on top of the map, and the scale of the map. It is important to know that the *.map file itself does not contain databases of the layers. It only tells TransCAD where are the dat abases and how to display them. Without the geographic files, the map file alone can not generate maps.1.2 Network UpdatesSelect Highways/Streets as the Working Layer. Implement all network changes identified b elow. Adjust the attributes for all links accordingly.1.Delete the section of Miasma Boulevard between 3rd and 4th Streets (over the Miasma wetlands)2.Delete the section of 2nd Street between Miasma Blvd. and Mountain Avenue.3.Add a section of 4th Street between Coast Highway and Miasma Blvd.4.Add a section of 3rd Street between Miasma Blvd. and Mountain Avenue.5.Due to recent development changes, the centroid of Zone 3 along with its connector have changed. Change the connector so that it connects with Coast Highway instead of 3rd St. It should meet the highway 1.5 miles from 1st St and 1.5 mile f rom 4th St.6.All Miasma network links are secondary arterials with the exception of:a.Mountain Ave from node 310 to 345 is a local streetb.3rd Street from Coast Highway to Miasma Blvd. is a local streetc.The entire length of Coast Highway is a primary arterial1.2.1Delete LinksTo delete a link, go to Tools / Map Editing. The Map Editing tool box will show up. Press down the Delete button and click at the link that is supposed to be deleted (see (1) in the description above). The color of the link would change and you should see the R ed Light and Green Light buttons appear in the Map Editingtool box. Carefully examin e if you click at the link that is supposed to be deleted, if you click at the wrong link, c lick the Red light button. The change will not be saved. If you are sure that you have th e right one, click the Green Light button. The change will be saved and you should see t he link being removed from the map.1.2.2Add LinksTo add a section of 4th Street between Coast Highway and Miasma Blvd, first click on t he Configure Settings button. Click on Update under the "Join/Split Attribute Settings." Change the "Choosen Options" to Copy for both joining and splitting for every field. Clic k on the midpoint of Coast Hwy between 3rd and 5th. This should split this segment to two 1 mile stretches. Click on the info tool (i.e. the i button in the Tools box) and click on Coast Hwy between 3rd and 4th. Change H_DIST from 2.00 to 1.00. Do the same editing for Coast Hwy between 4th and 5th. Press down the Add Line in Map Editing bo x and add a line from the intersection of 4th & Miasma Blvd to Coast Hwy (i.e., single click at the intersection of 4th and Miasma Blvd, drag the dash line straight to Coast Hw y, then double click when the line meets the splitting point). Click on the new line and f ill in each field the same value as that of 5th street, since they have the same length and are both secondary arterial. Follow the same procedure to add a section of 3rd Street bet ween Coast Highway and Miasma Blvd..2.3Move CentroidTo change the centroid location, first delete the centroid connector between the node of c entroid 3 and 3rd St. Press down the Join Line button and click on both links of 3rd St to jointhem into one. Ensure that the H_DIST of this combined link is 1.00. Using the same process as before, split the section of Coast Highway between 1st St and 3rd St. T he split should be located about 1.5 miles from 1st and 0.5 miles from 3rd, just below th e location of centroid 4. Then add a line from the split point to about 0.25 miles above t he split. Using the info tool, edit this new line so that it contains the same properties as the other centroid connectors. The new node at the end of this link will be assigned an ID by TransCAD (ie, 351.) Again using the info tool, change the number of this node to3. As this node is the centroid, it must be named to correspond with it's zone.1.2.4Edit Link AttributesTo change attributes of network links, use the info tool and follow the way you edit H_ DIST described above.1.3 TAZ UpdatesThe TAZ.* files contain information regarding the traffic analysis zones in Miasma Beach, including demographic data. The zonal information stored in this TransCAD network is i ncomplete, you must fill in a few entries. Set TAZ as your working layer, and open the dataview. For zone 2, change the POP (population) value from 0 to 1550. For zone 5, ch ange the EOTH (other employment) value from 0 to 50, and the ETOT (total employment) from 0 to 150. For Zone 6, change the Household Income from 3800 to 38,000.GIS ConceptsEditing in a GISA GIS usually does not let you undo the editing you do. This is because managing geogr aphic information is morecomplicated than managing just texts and numbers. To prevent users from changing the database accidentally, most GIS ask for your confirmation (such as the Red light and Green light buttons in TransCAD) before the change is saved. Spatial QueryA GIS let you retrieve information pertaining to a geographic entity on the map. This fun ction is sometimes referred to as Spatial Query. You can use the spatial query tools (suc h as the i button in the Tools box) to review and edit the entity's attribute data.1.4 Formulate AttributesAfter you finish editing the network, you need to calculate the free flow travel time for b oth directions of a street. It is easier to do this task in a Dataview (a table that displays data for the entire layer) than using the info tool, because you are now dealing with all streets, not just some of them. To open the Dataview of the Miasma network, make sure the Highways/Streets is the working layer. Click at the New Dataview button. A data wi ndow will show up. Examine the data. The attributes data shown in Highways/Streets data view should correspond to those in Table 1.GIS ConceptsLink DirectionIn the dataview of the Miasma network, Dir stands for direction and is used to indicate i f the street is one-way of two-way. In Miasma Beach,Dir link values are all 0 indicating that they are all two-way streets. Therefore, on the re cord (i.e., a row in the dataview) of a street, there are two fields correspond to one attrib ute (e.g., speed, capacity, or number of lanes). While AB_SPEED contains free flow spee d of one direction, BA_SPEED contains that of theopposite direction. This could be usef ul, for example, when each direction has different speed limit or capacity. To know which direction is AB and which is BA, you need to know the direction in which TransCAD draws this link. Look at the following example.Link 25 contains two end nodes, Node 310 and 320. If this link is drawn from 310 to 3 20, then Arrow 1 is AB and Arrow 2 is BA.Node 310 +------------------+ Node 320Link 25Arrow 1 ------------------->Arrow 2 <-------------------The direction a GIS draws a link is referred to as the topological direction of this link. This information exists internally in the database (e.g., somewhere in the MB2 001 files). If you want to see a link's topological direction in Dataview, set Highwa ys/Streets as the working layer and go to Dataview / Formulate Fields. On the F ormula (Dataview: Highways / Streets)dialog box, click at the Node Fields butto n. Another dialog box Node Formula Fields come up. Highlight ID under Choose one or more node fields and select "From" and "To"under Option. Click OK. You should see two fields, [From ID]and [To ID]being add to the dataview. [Fro m ID] is ID of the node from which the link begins and [To ID] is ID of the ending node.Exercises:How do you designate a link as a one way street? (Hint: 1 or -1 in Dir)To calculate the free flow speed for all the streets in the Miasma network, first go to Dataview / Modify Table. Click on Add Field button. Enter the followings under Field Information:1. Name: AB_TRAVEL_TIME2. Type: Real Number3. Width: 104. Decimals: 25. Uncheck the box in front of IndexClick the Add Field button again. Enter the following:1. Name: BA_TRAVEL_TIME2. Type: Real Number3. Width: 104. Decimals: 25. Uncheck the box in front of Index6. Click OK.You should now see two empty fields AB_TRAVEL_TIME and BA_TRAVEL_TIME being added to the dataview. Highlight AB_TRAVEL_TIME by clicking at its column heading. Go to Edit / Fill... . On the Fill dialog box, select option Formula. On t he Formula Box, build the following formula:(H_DIST / AB_SPEED) * 60Click OK on both the Formula and the Fill boxes. Note the values being filled in t he AB_TRAVEL_TIME field. Pick a few links and verify that the values are correct. Repeat the same procedure for BA_TRAVEL_TIME with the formula:(H_DIST / BA_SPEED) * 601.5 Enhance Miasma Map1.5.1Select Color ThemesWith the Highway/Streets layer active, follow TransCAD instructions (pg. 149-158) f or establishing the following link color themes:1. Freeway = Red 6. Local Street = Light Blue3. Primary Artl = Green 8. Freeway Ramp = Purple4. Secondary Artl = Blue 9. Cntrd Connector = Yellow Select line styles which will also distinguish link types.1.5.2Create LayoutFollow TransCAD instructions (pg. 34-36) to create a layout combining maps and d ata views. Attach appropriate legends and other enhancements.1.6 Print Miasma MapAfter you have verified that your network is correct, print the final map layers and generate reports documenting all data for inclusion in the interim report.1.7 Prepare Task 1 DocumentationPrepare Task 1 documentation, including all TransCAD maps and dataviews. Follow all Project Report Style Guidelines in the preparation of this documentation. This material will be submitted as part of the first Interim Report(see Task 3).The Miasma Beach Transportation ModelTask 2. DEVELOP 2004 BASE YEAR TransCAD NETWORK and SKIMSThe objective of this task is to create a TransCAD network file that will convert the GIS information that represents the Transportation System T into a form suitable for subseque nt transportation analysis. The first such analysis task will be to use TransCAD to find minimum path trees for all Miasma Beach centroids (internal zones and exterrnal stations).2.1 Create TransCAD Network FileSet the Highway/Streets layer as the Working Layer. If you don't see Networks/Paths in your menu bar (on top of the TransCAD window), go to Procedures and check it. If you can see it, go to Networks/Paths / Create... . Create links from: Entire linelayer. Rea d length from H_DIST, and choose all link attributes under Optional fields(highlight all fields by clicking on the first field and the last field, while holding the "Shift" key on t he keyboard). Save this file as .2.2 Develop 2004 Base Year SKIM Trees with TransCADThree steps are required. First, the actual Interzonal minimum paths are computed. Intrazo nal travel times cannot be computed directly from the network, thus, a second step involv es approximating these times from interzonal times to neighboring zones. Finally, terminal times are optionally appended to selected zone pairs.Produce a minimum tree schematic for at least one centroid. These schematics will help i dentify any network errors; if any are found, correct them immediately (and repeat earlier tasks as necessary). A sample network tree is in Figure 2.+---------------------------------------------------------------+ | ----- link is on minimum path tree N |+ ..... link is NOT on minimum path tree W+E || S || || |+ 1-+----+ . . . + . . . . . . . +----+-5 || | . | || | 4 . | || | | . | |+ 2-+----+-------+---+ . + + . . . +----+-6 || | . | | || | 3 . | | || +-+ | | . | | |+ |8|---+-----------+---+-------+-------+----7 || +-+ || |+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+Figure 2. Minimum Path Tree for Centroid #82.2.1Create Interzonal Skim TreesSelect network centroids to skim and compute shortest path trees.Select centroidsSet Nodes as the Working Layer. Go to Tools / Selection. Add a selection set by clickin g at the "+" button, then click the "Selection Settings" button. Select your new selection, then click on Remane...Enter Centroids as the new name of this selection. Then, click a t the "Select by Pointing" button on the vertical tool box (the one on the right hand side of the window). You then can click on each of the centroids while pressing down the S hift key on your keyboard (selected nodes will be highlighted).Find Skim TreeMake sure Nodes is the Working Layer and is the active network. Go to Ne tworks/Paths / Multiple Paths. Minimize: Travel Time. From: Centroids. To: Centroids. Select Matrix File as an output option (total cost of each path is stored in a matrix file). Click OK and save resultant file as time.mtx.2.2.2Append Intrazonal ImpedancesCompute the average travel time to the two zones nearest in skim time to the zone in qu。

VISSIM交通仿真软件模型的构建VISSIM交通仿真软件（Vehicle-Simulation-Software）是由德国PTV公司开发的一款用于城市交通规划和交通管理的仿真软件。

其可以模拟城市交通网络中的车辆、行人行为，通过可视化的界面分析交通流量、效率和安全性，帮助用户制定更科学的交通规划和管理方案。

VISSIM软件的模型构建是软件使用的关键环节，一个完善的模型构建可以有效地提高交通仿真的准确性和可靠性。

本文将从模型构建的基本流程、要点和技巧等方面介绍VISSIM交通仿真软件模型的构建。

一、基本流程1. 数据收集：首先需要收集城市道路、交叉口、信号灯、车辆和行人等相关数据，这些数据将作为模型构建的基础。

2. 路网建模：根据收集到的数据，进行路网的建模工作。

包括道路的长度、宽度、车道数、车道类型、路口的位置和形式等信息。

在VISSIM中添加节点和链接可以构建道路网络。

3. 信号灯设置：根据收集到的信号灯数据设置模型中的信号灯，设定交通灯的周期、绿灯时间、黄灯时间和红灯时间等参数。

4. 车辆建模：在VISSIM中建立车辆模型，设定车辆的属性、加速度、减速度、速度限制等参数。

5. 行人建模：根据实际情况设置行人模型，包括行人的行走速度、行走路径、行人交通规则等。

6. 情景设置：根据需要设置仿真的场景，包括模拟的时间段、交通流量等。

7. 仿真运行：完成模型构建后，进行仿真运行并观察分析结果。

二、模型构建要点1. 数据准确性：模型的准确性受数据的影响较大，因此在模型构建前要确保收集到的数据准确完整。

2. 参数设置：在模型构建过程中需要合理设置道路、车辆、信号灯等参数，保证模型的真实性和稳定性。

3. 场景选择：根据需要选择合适的仿真场景，包括不同的时间段、交通流量、交通事故等，通过不同的场景对模型进行验证和分析。

4. 车辆行为模型：根据实际情况合理设置车辆的行为模型，包括车辆的加速度、减速度、车距等参数，确保模拟结果的准确性。

TRANSCAD操作步骤1、在CAD中建立路网和小区路段用PL命令，并在交叉口处断开，其他地方不要断开；小区要闭合；图层要分清楚；保存为R12的dxf格式；2、导入到TransCAD中路网数据要检查：先建立网络（这个文件要随时更新），检查到错误节点一般在CAD中修改，少量的可以在TransCAD中修改；导入小区；3、道路属性输入道路根据CAD中的图层分类；车速、行程时间（小数类型）、通行能力（三个主要参数）——根据细化程度分车种输入，例子中只使用小汽车的属性；4、小区编号输入5、建立型心连杆这个过程要在线层和点层中新加元素，而且新的元素和久的元素无差别，要通过小区ID连接；型心连杆可以自动连接也可以手动添加；用最短路工具可以检查新建道路的连通性；我个人建议型心连杆的属性参照支路标准，不要给得太高（为了防止经过性交通流取道型心连杆，例如）；将小区编号导入到节点的属性中，以备后用；6、计算阻抗矩阵可以使用时间张度等；7、现状OD模型校验（省略……）8、 OD分布计算小区未来发生和吸引量，并导入到TransCAD中；OD分布：需要打开阻抗矩阵，并且更改矩阵的索引；9、 OD的导入导出导出：保存为dbf格式；导入：10、期望线11、交通流量分配要打开需分配的OD矩阵；把矩阵的索引更改为节点的ID；有的时候它不会自己打开，要到文件夹中把结果找到；把两个表连接到一起，计算饱和度；画出流量图和饱和度图；12、基本完成我这个只是基本的过程，大家知道一个交通预测在TransCAD中的建模过程，希望对你们有一定的帮助。

实验二附录：
一、建小区地理文件（只建面层）
1启动TransCAD软件
建立路面层：点击新建文件图标，出现：
点击建立地里文件，点击Ok，出现对话框
点击ok，出现
点击添加属性出现对话框，：
点击ok，命名保存：
画小区：
输入小区基础资料，点击出现：
输入数据
平衡计算：
点击ok，保存平衡文件，出现平衡结果
继续输入其他基础数据：
标定模型：
选择因变量----基年发生量：
点击，添加选择现状自变量----人口和GDP：
点击ok，保存产生量模型：
得出整理后的结果：
可以点看结果报告：
然后标定吸引量模型：
点击ok，保存吸引量模型：
让后进行预测：
调用发生模型：
点击：出现：选择要求输出的结果，选将来年的产生量，在修改自变量自变量是选将来年的人口和GDP
点击ok进行预测得出预测结果报告：
点击，显示预测结果：
吸引量预测：
进行平衡计算：
得到将来年的发生量和吸引量的平衡结果：
点击生成预测结果图表数据，选择生成数据和图表形式：
点击ok，得出产生量和吸引量的结果图：。

VISSIM交通仿真软件模型的构建VISSIM交通仿真软件是一款用于模拟交通流动的先进软件，它可以帮助交通规划者和工程师们更好地理解交通系统的运行情况，从而制定更科学有效的交通规划和管理方案。

本文将针对VISSIM交通仿真软件模型的构建进行详细介绍，包括软件安装、数据准备、模型构建和模拟分析等方面，希望能够为相关领域的工作人员提供一些参考和帮助。

一、软件安装要使用VISSIM交通仿真软件进行模型构建，就需要先进行软件的安装。

目前，VISSIM 软件已经更新到了版本10，安装步骤如下：1. 打开VISSIM软件官网，下载最新版本的安装包。

2. 运行安装包，按照提示完成软件的安装过程。

3. 安装完成后，打开软件并注册账号，激活软件使用权限。

二、数据准备在进行模型构建之前，需要收集相关的交通数据和道路网络信息，这些数据将用于模型的构建和仿真分析。

数据准备工作包括以下几个方面：1. 交通流量数据：包括道路通行车辆的数量、速度、车型等信息，可以通过现场调查或者交通监测设备采集。

2. 道路网络信息：包括道路的长度、车道数、交叉口位置、信号灯设置等，可以通过地图数据或者现场测量获取。

3. 车辆参数：包括车辆的加速度、减速度、最高速度等，可以根据车辆类型和道路条件进行设定。

三、模型构建在数据准备完成之后，就可以开始进行模型的构建工作了。

模型构建是整个仿真过程中最关键的环节，它直接影响到最终的仿真效果和分析结果。

模型构建主要包括以下几个步骤：1. 创建道路网络：在VISSIM软件中，可以通过绘制道路线和设置交叉口来创建道路网络，同时设定车道数、车道宽度、交通信号灯等。

2. 添加车辆和行人：在道路网络上添加车辆和行人，并设定它们的起点、终点、出发时间、到达时间等信息。

3. 设置交通规则：根据实际交通规则和道路条件，设置车辆的行驶速度、加减速度、车距、变道等行为。

4. 调整参数：根据实际情况对车辆和道路的参数进行调整，确保模型的真实性和准确性。

vissim8.0安装教程
安装步骤：
试装系统：win1064bit
安装版本：Vissim8.0（64bit）
1.解压安装包（注意解压的路径不要有中文）。

2.总共有4个版本，选择需要安装的版本右键点击“以管理员身份运行”。

3.点击“OK”。

4.点击“NEXT”。

5.选择“I accept”，然后点击“NEXT”。

6.选择安装路径，注意不要有中文，然后点击“NEXT”。

7.点击“NEXT”。

8.点击“NEXT”。

9.根据自身情况选择是只对当前用户还是对所有用户建立桌面快捷方式，然后点击“NEXT”。

10.点击“Install”。

11.正在安装的界面。

12.点击“Finish”。

13.打开桌面生成的vissim8.0的快捷方式。

14.选择“creates a new object”，然后点击“OK”。

15.如果想用中文菜单，可以点击Edit-User Preferences，然后在语言栏选择Chinesisch，然后点击“OK”。

16.安装完成后的界面如下。