18世纪的英国历史背景(课堂PPT)

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Some inventions
• The safety pin • Electric iron • Dry cleaning • The zip fastener
in 1849. in 1882 common 1930s. in1855. in 1893.
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the political system
middle class opinions on political and moral problems
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• 5. Coffeehouse: informal meeting house
• time: later half of 17and18 century • People: all classes • clubs
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Cannels
travel
dangerous highwaymen
Smuggling was also very common
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• Tim Lambert • A computer scientist in the university of
South Wales
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Thank you heartily
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Society and Life
1. Population: mid of 18th
2 million
late
over 9 million
2. Main form of wealth :
owning land
Political power and influence : landowners
3. Class: top
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War
The reign of kings or queen: Queen Anne [1702—1714]
George 1 [1714—1727]
George 2 [1727—1760]
George 3 [1760—1820]
the War of Spanish Succession with France 1702—1714
Furniture
• In 1778 Joseph Bramah invented patented the modern water closet.
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Transport
• turnpike trusts : [税收] 收费高速公路；收税关卡
first in 1663 common in 18th century
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The new morality
• Against the fanaticism of the Puritans • Enjoy peace and prosperity
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Town
Obviously: larger
Particularly: in the Midland and the North of Engich landowner—gentry
middle merchants and professional men
below
craftsmen and laborers
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The Times
4. Newspapers and Journals:
5. 6. parties
ideas
the third was left fallow (unused).
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Food
• Little change:
ordinary people remained plain and monotonous
Poor people: bread and potatoes
Tea:
very common
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the War of Austrian Succession
1740—1748
the Seven Years’ War with France
1756—1763
By the end of 18th century England had become the leading
Naval power in Europe.
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Industrial Revolution
• Time: late 18th century • steam engines • Higher living standard , more people in towns and cities • The first mechanized industry: textile industry • • The UK was the first industrial country in the world
The background of 18th century in UK
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1 Industrial Revolution 2 Political system 3 War 4 Society and life 5 Morality 6 Towns 7 Agriculture 8 Food 9 Furniture 10 Transport
London
nearly 1 million end of century
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Agriculture
• Transformed by the industrial revolution
• Invention:
seed drill
• most lands
into 3 fields.
•
Each year 2 fields sown with crops
the constitutional monarchy[君主立宪制度]
Parties: the Tory[托利党]
the Whig[辉格党]
Parliament: the Prime Minister
首相
His/Her Cabinet
内阁
the House of Lords
上院
the House of Commons 下院