八年级期中练习1
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八年级下数学期中测试卷(1)一.选择题(共8小题)1.(2020秋•和平区期末)已知△ABC的三边长分别为a,b,c,则下列条件中不能判定△ABC是直角三角形的是()A.a=1,b=1,c=B.a=2,b=3,c=4C.a=1,b=,c=2D.a=3,b=4,c=2.(2021春•西城区校级期中)下列方程中,一元二次方程是()A.x2﹣2x+1=0B.x﹣2y=0C.ax2+bx+c=0D.3.(2020春•朝阳区期末)若菱形的两条对角线的长分别为6和10,则菱形的面积为()A.60B.30C.24D.154.(2021春•曲阜市期末)下列曲线中,表示y是x的函数的是()A.B.C.D.5.(2019•德保县模拟)已知一次函数y=kx+b,y随着x的增大而减小,且kb<0,则在直角坐标系内它的大致图象是()A.B.C.D.6.(2019春•顺义区期末)方程(x﹣2)2=3(x﹣2)的解是()A.x=5B.x=2C.x=5或x=2D.x=1或x=2 7.(2021春•曲阜市期末)如图,四边形ABCD的对角线相交于点O,且互相平分.若添加下列条件,不能判定四边形ABCD为矩形的是()A.AC=BD B.∠DAB=90°C.AB=AD D.∠ADC+∠ABC=180°8.(2019•河东区一模)如图,正方形ABCD的边长为8,M在DC上,且DM=2,N是AC 上一动点,则DN+MN的最小值为()A.6B.8C.12D.10二.填空题(共8小题)9.(2014春•天津期末)二次根式有意义的条件是.10.(2009•大连)计算:()()=.11.(2019•黑龙江)如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,在不添加任何辅助线的情况下,请添加一个条件,使平行四边形ABCD是矩形.12.(2021春•西城区校级期中)方程(x﹣4)(x﹣5)=0的解为.13.(2021春•昌平区校级期中)点B(2,﹣3)关于x轴对称的点的坐标是.14.(2021春•昌平区校级期中)如图,为估计池塘两岸边A、B两点间的距离,在池塘的一侧选取点C,分别取AC、BC的中点D、E,测得DE=15m,则A、B两点间的距离是.15.(2019春•大兴区期末)一次函数y=ax+b的图象如图,则不等式ax+b>0的解集为.16.(2016•睢宁县一模)关于x的方程x2﹣mx+4=0有两个相等实根,则m=.三.解答题(共10小题)17.(2021春•海淀区校级期中)计算:(1)(3.14﹣π)0﹣|2﹣|﹣()﹣1;(2)﹣×+.18.(2021秋•芝罘区期中)如图,在△ABC中,CD⊥AB于点D,AC=20,CB=15,BD =9.求AD与△ABC的面积.19.(2021春•大兴区期中)已知:如图,在△ABC中,∠C=90°,若AC=6,AB=8,求BC的长.20.(2021春•大兴区期中)△ABC的三边长分别为a、b、c,且满足a:b:c=1::2,试判断△ABC的形状并说明理由.21.(2020春•丰台区期末)下面是小明设计的“在一个平行四边形内作菱形”的尺规作图过程.已知:四边形ABCD是平行四边形.求作:菱形ABEF(点E在BC上,点F在AD上).作法:①以A为圆心,AB长为半径作弧,交AD于点F;②以B为圆心,AB长为半径作弧,交BC于点E;③连接EF.所以四边形ABEF为所求的菱形.根据小明设计的尺规作图过程,(1)使用直尺和圆规,补全图形;(保留作图痕迹)(2)完成下面的证明.证明:∵AF=AB,BE=AB,∴=.在▱ABCD中,AD∥BC,即AF∥BE.∴四边形ABEF为平行四边形.()(填推理的依据)∵AF=AB,∴四边形ABEF为菱形.()(填推理的依据)22.(2021•重庆模拟)已知:如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,CE∥BD交AD的延长线于点E,CE=AC.(1)求证:四边形ABCD是矩形;(2)若AB=4,AD=3,求四边形BCED的周长.23.(2009•永州)如图,平行四边形ABCD,E、F两点在对角线BD上,且BE=DF,连接AE,EC,CF,F A.求证:四边形AECF是平行四边形.24.(2021春•辛集市期末)如图所示的正方形网格中,每个小正方形的边长为1,网格的中心标记为点O.按要求画四边形,使它的四个顶点均落在格点上,且点O为其对角线交点:(1)在图1中画一个两边长分别为6和4的矩形;(2)在图2中画一个平行四边形,使它有且只有一条对角线与(1)中矩形的对角线相等;(3)在图3中画一个正方形,使它的对角线与(1)中所画矩形的对角线相等.25.(2021春•东城区期中)直线l1:y=kx+b(k≠0)与直线l2:y=ax+1(a≠0)相交于点A(1,3).(1)求直线l2的表达式;(2)横、纵坐标都是整数的点叫做整点记直线l1,直线l2,和x轴围成的区域(不含边界)为W.①当k=﹣3时,直接写出区域W内的整点个数;②若区域W内的整点个数恰好为3个,求k的取值范围.26.(2021春•东城区期中)阅读下列材料:小明同学遇到了这样一个问题:如图1,M是边长为a的正方形ABCD内一定点,请在图中作出两条直线(要求其中一条直线必须过点M),将正方形ABCD的面积分割成面积相等的四个部分.小明是这样思考的:数学课上曾经做过一道类似的题目,如图2,O是边长为a的正方形ABCD的对角线的交点,将以点O为顶点的直角绕点O旋转,且两直角边分别与BA,CB相交,与正方形重叠部分(即阴影部分)的面积为一个确定的值.可以类比解决此问题.参考小明同学的想法,解答问题:(1)请你回答图2中重叠部分(即阴影部分)的面积为;(2)请你在图3中,解决原问题:(3)如图4,在四边形AOCD中,A(0,1),C(4,0),D(4,3),点P是AD的中点,在边OC上存在一点Q,使PQ所在直线将四边形AOCD的面积分成相等的两部分,请你画出该直线,并直接写出该直线的表达式.。
2012-2013学年度第二学期八年级数学综合练习(1)编写:罗俊 审阅:刘必友班级 学号 姓名 家长签字一﹑选择题 1.函数y=11+x ,则自变量x 的取值范围是 ( ) A .x ≠1B .x ≠-1C .x ≠0D .x >12.把下列各分式中的a 和b 都扩大10倍,那么分式的值不变的是 ( ) A .b a ab + B .222aba + C .b a b a ++2 D .b a +2 3.某反比例函数的图象经过点(,),则此函数的图象也经过点 ( ) A. (,) B. (,) C. (,) D. (,)4.若△ABC ∽△DEF , △ABC 与△DEF 的相似比为1∶2,则△ABC 与△DEF 的面积比为 ( )A .1∶4B .1∶2C .2∶1D5.在反比例函数3k y x-=图象的每一支曲线上,y 都随x 的增大而减小,则k 的取值范围是 ( ) A .k >3 B .k >0 C .k <3 D . k <06.如图,小正方形的边长均为1,则下图中的三角形(阴影部分)与△ABC 相似的为 ( )7.函数xmy =与m mx y -= )0(≠m 在同一平面直角坐标系中的图象可能是 ( )8.根据下表,对函数y =3-x 1- (x >0)作了三个推测:①y ③y 的值随着x 的增大越来越接近于2,但不可能等于2.则推测正确的有 ( )A .0个B . 1个C .2个D .3个D .二﹑填空题9.当x = 时,分式112+-x x 的值为0.10.已知5x =4y =7z ≠0,则zy x z y x +--+的值为 . 11.如图,若 ,则△ABC ∽△ADE .(请添加一个条件) 12.若关于x 的分式方程8228-+=-x mx x 有增根,则m = . 13.货车行驶25千米与小车行驶35千米所用的时间相同,已知小车每小时比货车多行驶20千米,求两车的速度各为多少?设货车的速度为x 千米/小时,依题意列方程为____________________. 14.如图,已知点C 为反比例函数y=-x6上的一点,过点C 向x 轴引垂线,垂足为A ,连接CO 延长交双曲线于点B ,则△ABC 的面积等于___ ___.15.美是一种感觉,当人体下半身长与身高的比值越接近0.618时,越给人一种美感.如图,某女士身高165cm ,下半身长x 与身高l 的比值是0.60,为尽可能达到好的效果,她应穿的高跟鞋的高度大约为 .16.在同一时刻,测得小华和旗杆的影长分别是1m 和6m ,小华的身高为1.6m ,则旗杆的高为 m .17.如图,矩形OABC 的两边OC ,OA 分别位于x 轴,y 轴上,点B 的坐标为B (320-,5),D 是AB 边上的一点,将△ADO 沿直线OD 翻折,使A 点恰好落在对角线OB 上的点E 处,若点E 在反比例函数xky =的图象上,那么k = .18.将32=x 代入反比例函数xy 1-=中,所得函数值记为1y ,又将11+=y x 代入原反比例函数中,所得函数值记为2y ,再将12+=y x 代入原反比例函数中,所得函数值记为3y ,……,如此继续下去,则2012y = . 三﹑解答题 19.解分式方程 :32121---=-xxx20.有一道题:“先化简再求值:22121111x x x x x -⎛⎫+÷ ⎪+--⎝⎭,其中2009-=x ”,小明做题时把“2009-=x ”错抄成了“2009=x ”,但他的计算结果也是正确,请你通过计算解释这是怎么回事?21.如图所示的网格中有A 、B 、C 三点.(1)请你以网格线所在直线为坐标轴建立平面直角坐标系,使A 、B 两点的坐标分别为A (2,-4)、B (4,-2),则C 点的坐标是 ;(2)连结AB 、BC 、CA ,先以坐标原点O 为位似中心,按比例尺2:1在y 轴的左侧画出△ABC 缩小后的△A B C ''',再写出点C 对应点C '的坐标 ,若P (x ,y )是△ABC 内部任意一点,则点P 的对应点'P 的坐标是 .22.某校八年级两个班各为玉树地震灾区捐款1800元,已知2班比1班人均捐款多4元,2班的人数比1班的人数少10%,请你根据上述信息,就这两个班级的“人数”或“人均捐款”提出一个用分式方程解决的问题,并写出解题过程.23.已知图中的曲线是反比例函数(m为常数)图象的一支,(1)这个反比例函数的另一支在第几象限?常数m的取值范围是什么?(2)若该函数的图象与正比例函数的图象在第一象限的交点为A,过点A作x轴垂线,垂足为B,当△OAB的面积为4时,求点A的坐标及反比例函数的解Array析式.24.某中学为每个班级配备了一种可以加热的饮水机,该饮水机的工作程序是:放满水后,接通电源,则自动开始加热,每分钟水温上升10ºC,待加热到100ºC,饮水机自动停止加热,水温开始下降,水温y(0C)和通电时间x (min)成反比例关系,直至水温降至室温,饮水机再次自动加热,重复上述过程.设某天水温和室温为20ºC,接通电源后,水温和时间的关系如下图所示,回答下列问题:(1)分别求出当0≤x≤8和8<x≤a时,y和x之间的关系式;(2)求出图中a的值;(3)下表是该小学的作息时间,若同学们希望在上午第一节下课8:20时能喝到不超过40ºC的开水,已知第一节下课前无人接水,请直接写出生活委员应该在什么时间或时间段接通饮水机电源.(不可以用上课时间接通饮水机电源)25.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,过点B 作BE ⊥CD ,垂足为E ,连结AE .F 为AE 上一点,且∠BFE =∠C .(1)求证:△ABF ∽△EAD ;(2)若AB =4, BE =3,求AE 的长; (3)在(1)、(2)的条件下,若AD =3,求BF 的长.26.阅读以下文字并解答问题:在“测量物体的高度” 活动中,某数学兴趣小组的4名同学选择了测量学校里的四棵树的高度.在同一时刻的阳光下.........,他们分别做了以下工作: 小芳:测得一根长为1米的竹竿的影长为0.8米,甲树的影长为4.08米(如图1).小华:发现乙树的影子不全落在地面上,有一部分影子落在教学楼的墙壁上(如图2),墙壁上的影长为1.2米,落在地面上的影长为2.4米.小丽:测量的丙树的影子除落在地面上外,还有一部分落在教学楼的第一级台阶上(如图3),测得此影子长为0.2米,一级台阶高为0.3米,落在地面上的影长为4.4米.小明:测得丁树落在水平地面上的影长为2.4米,落在坡面上影长为3.2米(如图4).身高是1.6m 的小明站在坡面上,影子也都落坡面上,小明测得他的影长为2米.图1 图2图3图4(1)在横线上直接填写甲树的高度为米.(2)求出乙树的高度(画出示意图).(3)请求出丙树的高度为是多少?(4)计算出丁树的高度?27.已知点P的坐标为(m,0),在x轴上存在点Q(不与P点重合),以PQ为边作正方形PQMN,使点M落在反比例函数y =2x-的图像上.小明对上述问题进行了探究,发现不论m取何值,符合上述条件的正方形只有..两个,且一个正方形的顶点M在第四象限,另一个正方形的顶点M1在第二象限.(1)如图所示,若反比例函数解析式为y=2x-,P点坐标为(1,0),图中已画出一符合条件的一个正方形PQMN,请你在图中画出符合条件的另一个正方形PQ1M1N1,并写出点M1的坐标;M1的坐标是(2)请你通过改变P点坐标,对直线M1 M的解析式y﹦kx+b进行探究可得k﹦,若点P的坐标为(m,0)时,则b﹦;(3)依据(2)的规律,如果点P的坐标为(6,0),请你求出点M1和点M的坐标.28..如图,把含有30°角的三角板ABO置入平面直角坐标系中,A,B两点坐标分别为(3,0)和(0,.动点P从A点开始沿折线AO-OB-BA运动,点P在AO,OB,BA上运动的速度分别为1,2 (长度单位/秒)﹒一直尺的上边缘l从x轴的位置开始以33(长度单位/秒)的速度向上平行移动(即移动过程中保持l∥x轴),且分别与OB,AB交于E,F两点﹒设动点P与动直线l同时出发,运动时间为t秒,当点P沿折线AO-OB-BA运动一周时,直线l和动点P同时停止运动.请解答下列问题:(1)过A,B两点的直线解析式是;(2)当t﹦4时,点P的坐标为;当t ﹦,点P与点E重合;(3)①作点P关于直线EF的对称点P′. 在运动过程中,若形成的四边形PEP′F为菱形,则t的值是多少?②当t﹦2时,是否存在着点Q,使得△FEQ ∽△BEP ?若存在,求出点Q的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.。
仁爱英语八上期中测试一、单项选择1. —What do you want to be when you grow up, Nick?—I want to be _______ pilot. It is _______ unusual job.A. a;aB. a;anC. the;anD. an; a2. Peter has a bad cold. He wants to ask for a_________leave.A. two daysB. two-dayC. two days’D. two-days3. It’s not cool for students ____________. They must say no to __________.A.to smoke; smokingB. smoking; smokeC. to smoke; smokeD. for smoking; smoking4. Why not let the boy ___________ sports instead of __________ TV?A. to do; watchingB. play; watchingC. to play; watchD. playing; watching5.—Which class ________ the match, Class One or Class Two?—Class One ________ Class Two.A.won; wonB.beat; beatC.beat; wonD.won; beat6. Mom makes me ___________ an apple every day __________ the doctor away.A.eat; to keepB.to eat; can keepC.eating; keepsD.to eat; keeps7. What __________ hot weather! Please keep all the windows __________.A.a; openB. /; openC. /; openedD. a; opening8.Going to bed early ________ good for your body.A . is B. are C.was D. were9. I like running because it makes me ________.A.healthB.are healthyC.to healthD. healthy10. You had better _______ much candy. It’s bad for you.A.eatB. to eatC. not eatD. not to eat11. —Are you going to _______ our English party?—Yes, I am.A.take part inB. joinC. joined inD. took part in12. He spent half an hour _______ pictures last night.A.drawB.to drawC.drewD. drawing13. Jane ______ the USA next week.A.leaves forB.is leaving forC.leaving forD. will leave14. The news was very _______, I was ______ when I heard it.A.exciting, excitingB.exciting, excitedC.excited, excitingD. excited, excited15. Would you mind _______ me a hand.A.to giveB.giveC.gaveD. giving二、根据句意或音标完成下列各题。
一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音都完全正确的一项是()A. 混淆纷扰震耳欲聋B. 残暴憾事轰轰烈烈C. 装模作样鸡毛蒜皮狼吞虎咽D. 雅俗共赏情不自禁纷至沓来2. 下列句子中,加点词的使用不正确的一项是()A. 为了赶在截止日期前完成报告,他通宵达旦地工作。
B. 这个产品以其独特的性能和优良的品质,赢得了广大消费者的喜爱。
C. 老师耐心地给我们讲解难题,让我们受益匪浅。
D. 她的歌声婉转动听,让人陶醉。
3. 下列各句中,句式变换正确的一项是()A. 原句:他是我们班最聪明的学生。
改句:我们班最聪明的学生是他。
B. 原句:他学习刻苦,成绩优异。
改句:他学习刻苦,成绩优异,是我们班的榜样。
C. 原句:这个问题很难解决。
改句:这个问题很难解决,需要我们共同努力。
D. 原句:她穿着一件红色衣服,笑容满面。
改句:她笑容满面,穿着一件红色衣服。
4. 下列各句中,病句修改正确的一项是()A. 原句:他利用课余时间,积极参加各种社会实践活动。
改句:他利用课余时间,积极参加各种社会实践活动。
B. 原句:这个问题,我查阅了资料,但还是不知道答案。
改句:这个问题,我查阅了资料,但还是不知道答案。
C. 原句:这个电影深受观众喜爱,因为剧情紧张刺激。
改句:这个电影深受观众喜爱,因为剧情紧张刺激。
D. 原句:他虽然学习刻苦,但成绩还是不理想。
改句:他学习刻苦,但成绩还是不理想。
5. 下列各句中,语言表达得体的一项是()A. 请问您需要我帮忙吗?B. 你别再闹了,烦死了!C. 你这个做法太自私了,让人难以接受。
D. 请问您能否在会议结束后,与我交流一下意见?二、填空题(每空2分,共20分)6. 下列词语中,加点字注音完全正确的一项是()A. 沉默(mò)骄傲(jiāo)拖延(tuō yán)B. 欣慰(xīn wèi)神秘(shén mì)轻松(qīng sōng)C. 融洽(róng qià)精彩(jīng cǎi)振奋(zhèn fèn)D. 倾斜(qīng xié)紧张(jǐn zhāng)颤抖(chàn dǒu)7. 下列句子中,加点词使用不恰当的一项是()A. 他的成绩一直在班级里名列前茅。
人教版八年级英语上册期中复习之Unit1完形填空专项练习1请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
1.When I was 15, my family left China. And a year later, we _____ to New York.Unluckily, my father couldn't _____ any food for my family. So I decided to _____ my family. I looked through the ads (广告) every morning and later found a _____ at Waterbury Hospital Health Centre. There I had to sweep floors. I smiled _____ remembered my father's advice. “Be proud _____ what you do”, my father said, “whether you're a boss or not.” So even if my job was the lowest, I felt _____ to do it. Each morning, I cleaned toilets, swept floors and did some other _____ work. And after meals I had to clean the plates and bowls. I worked hard because I wanted people to _____ “That young man does a nice job.”Through eleven jobs I've held, my _____ wise (明智的) words have stayed with me. I have swept floors, and I've been the manager. I think Dad would be proud.(1)A.moved B.ran C.entered D.sent(2)A.cook B.decide C.try D.buy(3)A.hold B.help C.miss D.count(4)A.dream B.work C.job D.mark(5)A.and B.but C.or D.so(6)A.in B.with C.of D.at(7)A.bored B.excited C.afraid D.nervous(8)A.easy B.difficult C.clean D.dirty(9)A.say B.speak C.tell D.talk(10)A.teacher's B.friend's C.father's D.mother's2.Do you know something about unicorns (独角兽)? A unicorn is a horse-like animal witha large horn (角) on top of its head. It’s _____ seen in children’s fairy tales. In the ocean,there is a kind of whale called a narwhal (独角鲸) that has a tusk (长牙) that looks _____ a unicorn’s horn.Narwhals _____ in the Arctic Ocean. Male narwhals all have a tusk, but only about 15 percent of females have _____. It is actually a long and straight tooth that can _____ up to 3 meters out of the mouth.Experts have long wondered why narwhals have this strange tooth. Some believe that they use it _____ a tool. The whales could use it to break up ice _____ catch fish for dinner. But most female narwhals don’t have tusks. They usually live _____ than males. Therefore, experts think the tusk is probably a weapon (武器) that males use to fight each other when _____ for partners.A 2014 study also showed that the tusk is _____ of sensitive nerve endings (敏感的神经末梢). They allow the whale to sense changes in the environment, such as temperature changes.(1)A.finally B.hardly C.terribly D.commonly(2)A.for B.like C.at D.out(3)A.eat B.play C.live D.find(4)A.one B.it C.a D.its(5)A.live B.eat C.grow D.stand(6)A.as B.at C.for D.up(7)A.and B.or C.but D.since(8)A.long B.longest C.longer D.more longer(9)A.compete B.competed C.have competed D.competing(10)A.full B.filled C.fond D.good3.If you like talking to people and writing stories, being a news reporter may be the right job for you. It is _____, though! Reporters work hard and finish their work in time. They follow four steps to complete a news story.Do research. When reporters learn about a news event, they collect facts. They interview people in the event and take careful _____. They try to answer the questions like: who, what, when, where, why and how.Write the lead. The lead of the news story is the first sentence or several sentences. The lead tells _____ important idea of the story and makes readers want to keep reading.Write the body. The body, or the main part, of the story, gives _____ that support the lead sentence. Sometimes, the body contains words from the people interviewed by the reporter.Write a headline. A headline is the title of a news story. It should cover the main idea of the story and _____ readers' attention.If you follow the four steps above, you can _____ be a good news reporter some day.(1)A.exciting B.boring C.easy D.difficult(2)A.steps B.notes C.plans D.decisions(3)A.the most B.most C.the least D.least(4)A.information B.ideas C.details D.advice(5)A.assist B.arrange C.attack D.attract(6)A.probably B.probable C.impossibly D.impossible4.There are many reasons why I encourage (鼓励) people to travel, and I know that the experience will make one a better person.When I was travelling, I began to know the world better. The world is not just about , my small town and home. Although (尽管) you will meet different people from all over the world, you will that people are almost the same in their dreams, hopes and feelings. Enjoy exploring (探索) the different cultures, and you will also find that people aredifferent in some of the things they do and they live. Once you understand their ways, you won't feel strange or . Often we read stories about other cultures in books, but we may find of them wrong only when we visit their areas.When travelling you may find out that there are problems all over the world. If you do not travel and explore, you won't them and you cannot realize that sometimes your problems are not that big after all.On your journey you will meet lots of new friends. Talking to strangers and learning about their is a great way to spend your time.When you travel, you have to be on your own in some situations. You will surprise yourself by you can do that. All your special experiences could make an interesting book to read. It would be all your adventures and special memories.Travelling is a wonderful experience. If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place.(1)A.you B.us C.me D.it(2)A.realize B.introduce C.ask D.advise(3)A.why B.how C.when D.where(4)A.happy B.tired C.lonely D.afraid(5)A.some B.any C.all D.none(6)A.enjoy B.notice C.record D.accept(7)A.best B.worst C.smallest D.biggest(8)A.lives B.languages C.food D.clothes(9)A.how often B.how much C.how well D.how long(10)A.shared with B.helped with C.covered with D.filled with5. A hobby can be anything a person likes to do in his free time. Some people like keeping pets, building models, climbing mountains or growing flowers. Some people may enjoy drawing pictures or _____ things. They collect everything from books, coins to stamps.People have hobbies because hobbies bring _____ to them and make them relaxed. Sometimes people can _____ make some money by taking up a hobby. Hobbies help people relax after hard work and offer a balance (平衡) between work and play. Hobbies also offer more interesting _____ to people to relax themselves. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, ill or _____, can develop an interesting hobby.Hobbies can _____ a person’s health. Doctors have found that hobbies are helpful for patients (病人) to recover (恢复) from illness. Hobbies give patients something to do and offer _____ to keep them from thinking about themselves.In early years, most people were too busy making money and didn’t have enough time for hobbies. People today have _____ time than before. Machines have saved much time that people spent on their jobs before. Those who have developed hobbies never need to worry about _____ to spend their free hours.Sir William Osier, a famous Canadian doctor, talked about the _____ of hobbies. He said, “No man is really happy or safe without a hobby.”(1)A.leading B.collecting C.expecting D.discovering(2)A.pleasure B.time C.luck D.space(3)A.ever B.even C.still D.neither(4)A.cartoons B.lessons C.activites D.competitions (5)A.happy B.calm C.well D.thin(6)A.change B.improve C.hurt D.move(7)A.marks B.clothes C.interests D.service(8)A.more B.less C.much D.little(9)A.how B.when C.what D.why(10)A.prize B.message C.value D.environment6.I've never thought that a fundraiser (募捐活动) could have had such a huge influence on my life. Back in 5th grade, our school announced a fundraiser and each class would get a boxto fill it up with small . To make my class come to first place, I took two fifty-dollar bills to school and put them into the box.Two weeks later, my parents asked me about the . They said they had found out the truth and weren't , but I must do something to make up for (弥补) it.My dad had a good idea in mind. The day Christmas, he took me to a charity and explained to me that we were going to be in the kitchen for several hours, making meals with potatoes and chicken for the 300-400 people that came in each day.The work was not so hard as I thought. But as the mealtime went on, I found these people were very happy at the food they were receiving. I couldn't believe my eyes. It was just a common winter meal. I realized how some people in this world actually are.I always heard about helping people in need, but I never fully it until that day. It was enlightening (有启发的) to see how thankful they were for something I thought was . I learnt that I didn't really need all the materialistic things I hoped for. On the drive home, my dad a restaurant for lunch and I answered no at once. I knew that I didn't it.That day I came to know good the feeling is to help people who are really in need.I now return to the charity every year, trying to make a . This is why I am becoming a doctor, thinking that in the future I will make a difference in people's lives just like my father did on that December 26th.(1)A.change B.cards C.cloth D.books(2)A.proudly B.seriously C.secretly D.carefully(3)A.prize B.money C.present D.box(4)A.happy B.angry C.worried D.calm(5)A.after B.before C.over D.for(6)A.eating B.standing C.working D.watching(7)A.elderly B.blind C.disabled D.homeless(8)A.fast B.healthy C.delicious D.simple(9)A.polite B.rude C.poor D.friendly(10)A.supported B.accepted C.understood D.developed(11)A.cheap B.funny C.useless D.meaningful (12)A.cooked B.insisted C.suggested D.required(13)A.doubt B.need C.notice D.enjoy(14)A.what B.how C.when D.why(15)A.plan B.record C.decision D.difference7.Mr Wu is an English teacher. Last Monday at the beginning of class, he asked his students how their weekends had been. One girl said that she had spent a weekend—she had her wisdom teeth (智齿) out and she was still in pain. "Why do you always seem to be so happy, Mr Wu?" she asked.The girl's made Mr Wu think of something he had read somewhere before. "Every morning when you get up, you have a choice (选择) about how you want to spend that day," Mr Wu said with a smile. "I to be cheerful.""And today is my lucky day," he added." ?" The whole class were curious (好奇的)."This morning, I went to school as usual. I only had to go another kilometre down the road when my e-bike broke down…""Your e-bike broke down and it's your lucky day?" The students were . "What do you mean, Mr Wu?""My e-bike broke down a quarter before class, so I it on the roadside, took my books, and walked down the road. It took me ten minutes to arrive at the . I live eight kilometres away. My e-bike could have broken down along the way. But it didn't. , it broke down in the perfect place—off the main road, within walking distance of here. I'm still able to teach my class I'll be able to get it repaired after class. If my e-bike must break down , it couldn't be arranged (安排) in a better way."The students' eyes opened , and then they smiled. Mr Wu smiled back. Somehow, his story touched them. He was happy that they had a perfect chance (机会) to consider " "in a new way.(1)A.weakly B.cheerfully C.carefully D.angrily(2)A.busy B.wonderful C.terrible D.meaningful (3)A.question B.dream C.application D.instruction (4)A.fail B.hate C.seem D.choose (5)A.Who B.When C.Why D.How (6)A.on foot B.by taxi C.by bus D.by bike (7)A.surprised B.bored C.impatient D.nervous (8)A.left B.sold C.repaired D.found (9)A.hospital B.school C.park D.bank (10)A.somewhere B.anywhere C.everywhere D.nowhere (11)A.However B.Also C.Instead D.Otherwise (12)A.and B.but C.so D.or(13)A.yesterday B.the other day C.today D.tomorrow (14)A.suddenly B.wide C.fast D.slow (15)A.dream B.plan C.wish D.luck答案一、完形填空(共7题)1. 【答案】(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) C(5) A(6) C(7) B(8) D(9) A(10) C2. 【答案】(1) D(2) B(3) C(4) A(5) C(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) D(10) A【解析】(1) 考查副词。
Units 1-5 期中综合模拟练习一.单项填空1.I don't know here, but I'm lucky because my new neighbor is very friendly.A. somebodyB. nobodyC. anybodyD. everybody2.helpful advice you gave us on protecting personal informationthe other day!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How3.My brother has healthy living habits. He stays up late, and heis an early bird.A. usuallyB. hardlyC. oftenD. always4.-There is someone knocking at the door.-It must be the repairman. I him to come to fix our fridge two hours ago.A. callB. have calledC. calledD. will call5.With the popularity of livestreaming(直播),we can buy things than shopping in offline stores.A.cheaperB. much cheaperC. much cheaplyD. more cheaply6.Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother whatfor today's dinner.A. is buyingB.buyC. boughtD. to buy7.-In May 2023,thirteen Chinese scientists successfully reached the peak of Qomolangma,which is mountain in the world.-Wow! It's really fantastic. I am so proud of them.A.highB. higherC. the highestD.highest8.-Grandpa, you said you wrote to your friends when you were young. Then did you write to them?-About twice a month.A.How farB. How oftenC. How longD. How soon9.you stick to your rules, you will be the one who can manage your life well.A. As long asB. As soon asC. In order thatD. Even though10.-Would you like to try something different in a new restaurant?- I don't mind what to eat.A. It's up to you.B. It just depends.C. Of course not.D. I hope not.二.完形填空What do they know about Chinese culture?About 300 years ago, Chinese culture was popular in Europe. Today, many things about China are 11 popular with lots of foreign people. The things play an important role in 12 life. In a TV show, some foreign students 13 their stories.Lisa Maslova is from Russia. She once made jiaozi with her classmates during the Spring Festival."In my 14 , we also make dumplings. And our dumplings 15 Chinese jiaozi. But I find something different in China. Chinese people 16 dumplings together. The process of making them seems to be as important as the process of eating them," Lisa said.Jennifer Muller, an English girl, has a few Chinese friends. "It is 17 to stay with them because they make me feel like family," Jennifer said. "I even got hongbao from them during the Spring Festival. It really 18 me."Jamila, another English girl, wanted to learn Chinese. "But some of my friends in London said it was too hard. This stopped me from learning the 19But after I made some friends in China, I found it was 20 and very interesting to learn Chinese.11.A. only B. hardly C. still D. always12.A. our B.their C. your D.her13.A.share B. wonder C. write D.choose14.A. school B.restaurant C. competition D.country15.A. are similar to B. are different fromC. are good forD. are up to16.A. touch B. make C.watch D.eat17.A. exciting mon C. comfortable D.interesting18.A. helped B. surprised C.saved D.woke19.A.subject B.sport C.song nguage20.A.easy B. important C. natual D. useful三.阅读理解AHi! I'm Jake the pear tree.I like spring because it's warm.I get white flowers.I get new leaves.The friendly bees visit me.Ahhh! Spring.I likesummer because it's hot.My pears grow bigger and bigger.My leaves become greener and greener.People rest under my shade.Humm! Summer.I like autumn because it is cool.My pears become yellow.My leaves become colorful.People come and pick my yellow pears.Wow! Autumn.I have no leaves or pears any more.But,I like winter thanks to the clean white snow.I can sleep and wait for spring.Zzzzz! Winter21.The poem is aboutA. what season is "my" favoriteB. what the weather is likeC. why "I" like different seasonsD. why "I" dislike seasons22.Who is "I" in the poem?A. A pear.B. A pear tree.C. A bee.D. A boy.23."I" like many things about spring, but "I" don't talk aboutA. the warm weatherB. the friendly beesC. the white flowersD. the comfortable wind24.Which of the following is NOT true?A. "I" don't like winter thanks to the snow.B. "I" like people to pick the pears.C. The pears become bigger in summer.D. "I" lose the leaves in winter.25.What does the underlined sentence "I can sleep and wait for spring" mean?A. Jake can't sleep in other seasons.B. Jake doesn't like sleeping in other seasons.C. Jake can get ready enough for the new year.D. Jake likes spring better than winter.BHave you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh much less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. To move through the water, your body has to work harder. So you can burn more calories(卡路里).In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the worrying things. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn't need many special skills. Aquatic exercise is for everyone26.What do most people think of aquatic exercise?A. Relaxing.B. Worrying.C. Hard.D. Boring.27. Which of the following is TRUE about aquatic exercise?A. It is done in groups.B. It is fit for everyone.C. It is difficult to learn.D. It needs many special skills.28.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The ways to burn more calories.B. Weight change of one's body.C. The advantages of aquatic exercise.D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.29.In which part of a magazine can we read the passage?A. Culture.B. Health.C. Nature.D. Travel.30.What is the main idea of this passage?A. We should keep on exercising.B. Exercise is important.C. Aquatic exercise is good.D. How to do aquatic exercise.CResting my head on Helen's shoulder, I put my arms round her waist (腰). We sat together and rested quietly.We had not sat long before another person came in.There were no heavy clouds in the sky any more,and the moon became bright; and her light, coming in through a window near, shone full both on us and on the coming person, Miss Temple."I came to find you, Jane Eyre," said she. "I want you to come in my room, and as Helen is with you,she may come too."We followed Miss Temple to her room. It had a good fire, and looked cheerful. Miss Temple told Helen to take a seat in a low armchair on one side of the fireplace, and herself taking another, she called me to her side "Is it all over?" she asked,looking down at my face, "Do you cry your sadness away?""I am afraid I shall never do that.""Why?""Because someone wrongly accused me,and you and everybody else,will think I am a bad girl.""We shall think you are what you prove(证明)yourself to be, my child. Keep acting as a good girl,and you will make us happy.""Shall I, Miss Temple?""You will," said Miss Temple. " You were accused of telling lies a lot when you were little. Tell us the truth(真相),but add nothing."I decided that I would be most honest and most correct. Thinking for afew minutes about where to start, I told Miss Temple, my teacher, all the story of my sad childhood.-Adapted from Jane Eyre 31.What does the underlined paragraph imply(暗示)?A. Miss Temple didn't believe Jane.B. Helen would make friends with Jane.C. Nothing could make Jane happy again.D. Jane's luck might change for the better.32.The underlined word "accused"in Paragraph 9 can be put in SentenceA. Lin Tao got full marks in the math exam and his parents him.B. I asked my teacher for help with my English and he mea lot.C. Sandy often made mistakes and her parents her for her carelessness.D. The old man my cousin because she helped him walk across the street.33.Which of the following shows the right order of the passage?a. Miss Temple advised Jane to keep acting as a good girl.b. Jane told Miss Temple about her sad childhood.c. Jane and Helen sat together and rested quietlyd. Miss Temple invited Jane and Helen to her room.A. a-c-d-bB.c-d-a-bC. d-c-a-bD.b-a-c-d34. What can we know about Jane according to the passage?A. She chose to trust Miss Temple.B. She didn't worry about being accused.C. She made up(编造)her childhood storyD. She once acted as a bad girl.35.What is the best title for the story?A. Two good friendsB. A caring teacherC. A sad childhoodD. A special gift五、用方框中所给单词的适当形式补全短文(每词限用一次)what, excited, learn,use, understand, because,simple,fix,meal,ofDo you know where the vegetables and meat that we eat come from? Well, students from Jingwai Mingde Primary School in Yunnan all know about that,36.they often work on the farm during labor (劳动)classes with the help of teachers and their headteacher Lei Yingfei. They can also have free 37._______at school. The school rented(租)some farmland around the school and asked six farmers to take care 38.______ it. During the two labor classes every week,the students spend time on the farm 39. ______ how to plant vegetables and raise animals.The school sells some of the vegetables and animals, and uses the money40. the school buildings. The school 41. therest of the vegetables and animals to feed the students. The students are always 42. to see the vegetables that they grew themselves. "This is not 43. a farm. This has to do with 44. ______the students can eat and also the quality of their life," said the headteacher. He said that by working on the farm, the students can better 45.life and nature六.书面表达青少年缺乏锻炼这一现象引发社会关注。
2024-2025学年八年级语文上册期中练习测试卷试卷满分 120 分,考试时间 120 分钟一、积累与运用(30 分)1.下列加点字的读音完全正确的一项是()(3 分)A. 要塞(sài)悄然(qiāo)锐不可当(dāng)殚精竭虑(dān)B. 畸形(jī)绯红(fēi)杳无消息(yǎo)正襟危坐(jīn)C. 镌刻(juàn)应读(juān)翘首(qiào)应读(qiáo)深恶痛疾(wù)D. 佃农(tián)应读(diàn)诘责(jí)应读(jié)屏息敛声(bǐng)2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是()(3 分)A. 娴熟滞留鹤立鸡群催枯拉朽B. 胆怯燥热油光可鉴和颜悦色C. 泻气崎岖筋疲力尽抑扬顿挫D. 劳碌教诲正襟围坐诚惶诚恐3.下列句子中加点成语使用恰当的一项是()(3 分)A. 他在演讲比赛中夸夸其谈,赢得了观众的阵阵掌声。
B. 他对工作总是拈轻怕重,缺乏责任心。
C. 这部小说情节跌宕起伏,抑扬顿挫,具有很强的感染力。
D. 那些在抗疫一线的医护人员,他们的事迹可歌可泣。
4.下列句子没有语病的一项是()(3 分)A. 通过这次活动,使我们开阔了眼界,增长了知识。
B. 为了防止这类事故不再发生,我们必须采取有效措施。
否定不当,删去“不再”。
C. 一个人是否拥有健康的体魄,关键在于是否坚持锻炼。
D. 由于受阴雨天气影响,使得部分地区的农作物减产。
5.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句,衔接最恰当的一组是()(3 分)人生苦短,我们不能任由烦恼淹没快乐,。
,。
,,。
只要心明净了,就会快乐起来。
①但是我们完全可以学会操纵自己的内心②心是烦恼的根源③让它向着有阳光、有灯光的一面④亦是快乐的根源⑤不能一生都活在与烦恼的牵缠中⑥我们无法像佛一样除尽烦恼,了脱生死,达到涅槃A. ③①⑥⑤②④B. ⑤②①③④⑥C. ③①④②⑥⑤D. ⑤②④⑥①③6.古诗文默写。
2022年秋学期八年级期中检测练习英语(训练时间共90分钟,满分100分)第I卷(选择题,共70分)一、听力测试(共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)第一节听音辨图听句子,选择与你所听到的句子内容相符的图画。
每个句子读两遍。
A B C D1. 2. 3. 4.第二节情景反应听句子,选择恰当的答语。
每个句子读两遍。
()5.A.Pretty good. B.I went to the zoo. C.Good luck. ()6.A.I agree with you. B.Good luck. C.That’s too bad. ()7.A.Me too. B.Good idea. C.On foot.()8.A.Once a year. B.Yes,he does. C.Half an hour. ()9.A.Volleyball. B.See you. C.Sorry,I won’t. ()10.A.Yes,it is. B.It’s too long. C.Yes,we do.第三节对话理解听五组短对话和五个问题,选择正确的答案。
每组对话读两遍。
()11.What did the man do last night?A.Slept early.B.Played computer games.C.Did his work. ()12.How does Henry improve his English?A.By talking to friends.B.By watching TV.C.By writing to friends. ()13.Where would Peter like to live?A.City.B.Countryside.C.We don’t know. ()14.How long will the man stay in China?A.About a year.B.About a month.C.About a week. ()15.Who is the tallest in the class?A.Mary.B.Amy.C.Tom.第四节语篇理解听一篇短文,根据短文内容选择正确的答案。
天津市部分区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中考试八年级语文本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷两部分。
第Ⅰ卷为第1页至第4页,第Ⅱ卷为第5页至第12页。
试卷满分120分。
考试时间120分钟。
题 号一 二 三 四 五 六 总 分 得 分第Ⅰ卷一、(本大题共11小题,1-4每小题2分,5-11小题,每题3分)下面每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项最符合题意,请将其答案题 号1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 答 案1.下面各组词语中加点字的注音,完全正确的一项是A. 翘.首(qi ǎo 诘.责(ji é) 殚.精竭虑(d ān) B. 镌.刻(ju ān) 篡.改(cu àn) 振聋发聩.(ku ì) C. 屏.息(b ǐng) 吹嘘.(x ú) 深恶.痛疾(w ù) D. 炽.热(ch ì) 锃.亮(z èng) 杳.无消息(y ào) 2.依次填入下面一段文字横线处的词语,最恰当的一项是大爱无声声自远。
慈善精神如蒲公英的种子般随风播撒, 在社会各个角落。
一桩桩善行 着社会慈善意识的明显增强。
让我们每个人都投身到慈善活动中,用力所能及的方式点亮道德之光, 社会暖流。
积极参与,坚持不懈,慈善就会成为更多人的价值追求。
A. 驻扎 彰显 汇合B. 扎根 彰显 汇聚C. 驻扎 显示 汇合D. 扎根 显示 汇聚3.下面一段文字中有语病的一项是①天津的桥梁多得数不清,许多桥都有属于自己的故事。
②天津解放桥又称万国桥,是目前海河跨河桥中三座可开启的桥梁之一。
③解放桥是一座双叶立转式开启桥,合则走人行车,开则过船。
④这座桥的发展与诞生,见证了天津近百年的曲折历史。
A. 第①句B. 第②句C. 第③句D. 第④句4.依次填入下面一段文字方框内的标点符号,最恰当的一项是得 分评卷人春天要开的花,任是谁都按捺不住的□各种花讯接踵而至,桃花、杏花□梨花竞相开放,向人们报告春的讯息。
2024-2025学年八年级语文上学期期中复习练习卷A卷(共100分)第I卷(选择题,共24分)一、基础知识(每小题3分,共12分)1.下面加点字注音有误的一项是()A.嶙.峋(lín)胆怯.(qiè)杳.无消息(yǎo)B.开垦.(kěn)依傍.(páng)和.颜悦色(hé)C.燥.热(zào)铭.记(míng)参.天耸立(cān)D.匿.名(nì)拭.干(shì)深恶.痛疾(wù)2.下列语句中书写正确的一项是()A.除下帽来如小姑娘的发髻一般,还要将脖子扭几扭,实在标志极了。
B.她修长美妙的身体如被空气托住,似敦煌壁画中凌空翔舞的“飞天”。
C.托尔斯泰一直长相平平,当军官时,没法把他从战友里面分辩出来。
D.你在积雪初熔的高原上走过,看见白杨树,难道你就觉得它只是树?3.下列语句中加点的成语使用有误的一项是()回望历史,老一辈共产党人白手起家....,创造出无愧于时代,无愧于人民,....,一步一个脚印,殚精竭虑无愧于历史的丰功伟绩,他们的精神永垂不朽....。
....,令今天无数的后辈触目伤怀A.白手起家B.殚精竭虑C.永垂不朽D.触目伤怀4.下列语句中没有语病的一项是()A.诗词的魅力不仅在于丰富的情感和文化内涵,还在于语言韵律之美。
B.可爱的春晚吉祥物“兔圆圆”一经发布,就吸收了全国人民的关注。
C.今年刷爆成都人朋友圈的“新铁人三项”由骑行、露营、夜爬组成。
D.通过武侯戏剧传承进校园活动,使天府文化与川剧精粹得到了弘扬。
二、文言文阅读(每小题3分,共12分)阅读下面三个文段,完成5~8题。
甲春冬之.时,则.素湍绿潭,回清.倒形,绝.多生怪柏,悬泉瀑布,飞漱其.间,清荣.峻茂,良多趣味。
(节选自《三峡》)乙水皆缥碧,千丈见底。
游鱼细石,直视无碍。
急湍甚箭,猛浪若奔。
(节选自《与朱元思书》)丙庭下如积水空明,水中藻、荇交横.,盖竹柏影也。
人教版八年级上英语同步练习1期中测试(一)【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、单项填空1. Nowadays people can get much_________ from TV and the Internet.A. ideasB. storiesC. photosD. Information2. 一 Did you see___________ at the party?一No, I didn’t.A. special anyoneB. someone specialC. special someoneD. anyone special3. I think Tom is____________ than you.A. much thinnerB. little thinnerC. the thinnerD. many thinner4. 一 I think friends should be different ____________________ each other.一 I agree with you. Then we can learn something ________ our friends.A. to; fromB. with ; asC. as; withD. from; from5. --What do you want for dinner tonight?--________ We will have whatever you want.A. It's up to you.B. Help yourself.C. Never mind.D. You needn't worry.6. Where did your family go______ vacation?A. forB. inC. onD. at7. Don’t shout at him. He is only boy.A. an eight-year-oldB. a eight-year-oldC. a eight years oldD. an eight years old8. ________________________ do you like better, this one or that one?A. HowB. WhichC. WhereD. Why9. 一 Is Bob more outgoing than you?—No, he is as_____________ as me.A. quietB. quieterC. quietest10. Bob plans _______ care of the sick kids in the hospital during the winter vacation.A. to takeB. takes________C. take________D. taking11. Mike is_____________, but his brother is much__________.A. heavy; heavierB. heavy; heaviestC. heavier; heaviestD. heavier; the heaviest12. I’ll ____________stay at that hotel again .It’s so dirty and noisy.A. reallyB. usuallyC. stillD. never13. _______ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.A. BecauseB. IfC. AlthoughD. Since14. (2013 湖南娄底 ) — What did you do last night ?—I ________ TV and read books .A . watchB . watchedC . have watched15. The safety of food has become one of the _________ problems in our daily life.A. more expensiveB. more importantC. most expensiveD. most important二、完形填空16. Now more and more people care for their health. So they think they should eat ___ food every day. They need _____ food and good health, but not all the people knew that well years ago.When I was in No. l Middle School, our teacher, Mr. Lin asked us to learn something about green food by ______ .We had no idea at first. Then our four-member group had a discussion and went to do some research ( 调查 )in a supermarket. Two of us wrote down the names of the _____ food on the shelves. The other two ____ customers ( 顾客)some questions like‘‘Do you know what green food is?” “How often do you _____ green food?” and so on. More than 30 customers _____ our questions! Later each group in our class wrote a research report ____ the topic and handed it in( 上交) .Our teacher chose the ______ ones and put them on the wall of the classroom. ____ was one of them! We not only learned a lot about green food but also knew how to keep healthy.Let’s try o ur best to make our life more healthier! Join us at once!1. A. clean B. fast C. happy D. healthy2. A. green B. red C. yellow D. blue3. A. our B. us C. ourselves D. ours4. A. green B. delicious C. fast D. hot5. A. told B. asked C. helped D. answered6. A. buy B. sell C. send D. give7. A. copied B. asked C. answered D. remembered8. A. in B. about C. to D. for9. A. long B. short C. bad D. excellent10. A. Mine B. Theirs C. Ours D. His三、阅读理解17. I was in the park with my elder sister, Cathy, on Friday. My sister left her jacket on a chair while we talked to some friends. When we went back tothe chair, a girl in a red T-shirt was sitting there. She had some money in her hand. When she saw us, she stood up and walked away.I asked my sister, "Did you have any money in your jacket?"She said, "Yes, Anna, I did."I said, "Look in your jacket quickly."Cathy looked in her jacket, but her money was not there."That girl stole( 偷 ) it!" I said, and we both ran after her. We caught her quickly.My sister was very angry and she said, "Give me the money." The girl gave the money to Cathy and ran away. We both ran after her, but we lost her.Then we went home. But before we could tell our parents, my mother said to Cathy, "You left your money at home. It's on the table in the sitting room. You must be more careful with money."So the girl in the red T-shirt was not a thief! She probably thought we were thieves! We felt terrible.Please telephone us if you know this girl! We are very sorry for our mistake. We would like to say sorry to her and give the money back to her.Our number is 512667. My name is Anna.1.Cathy thought the money in the girl's hand was .A. from her jacketB. the girl's own moneyC. from their homeD. from the chair2.The girl gave the money to Cathy because______________ .A. she was afraidB. Cathy asked her nicelyC. it was Cathy's moneyD. she wanted to help them3.According to the reading, Cathy’s money was really_________ .A. in her jacketB. in the girl’s handC. at homeD. on the chair4.The two sisters found that the mone y wasn’t Cathy’s______________ .A. when the girl ran away from themB. after they heard their mother’s wordsC. when the girl came to ask for itD. when they caught her5.The writer writes the passage to________________________ .A. telephone the girlB. say thanks to the girlC. say good-bye to the girlD. return (归还) the money to the girl18. Zhou Yan, a Junior 2 student, wishes he never got a mobile phone. Last week, he went to see a doctor because his arms and fingers(手指)wereinjured.The doctor told him that he had “mobile phone disease(疾病)”. A growing number of teenagers are getting “mobile phone disease” because more and more are using mobile phones.Zhou got his mobile phone five months ago.He sent(发) messages to his friends with it all the time, even when going to bed. Zhou started to do badly in exams becausehe spent too much time playing with his mobile phone. His mom got very angry with him, but he didn’t stop playing with the mobile phone until his arms got injured(受伤).Yang Ling, a doctor, says that if someone uses his mobile phone too much,like Zhou Yan, he might get “m obile phone disease”.If teenagers find their arms or fingers hurt(疼痛), they should go to see adoctor as soon as possible. Yang says teenagers should try to use theirmobile phones less, especially (尤其) at school.1.Zhou Yan wishes he never got a mobile phone because _______________.A. his mother got angry with himB. it doesn’t work wellC. it made his arms and fingers hurt2.Zhou Yan didn’t do well in exams because _____________.A. he argued with his motherB. he was ill and didn’t go to schoolC. he spent much time on the mobile phone3.If someone has “mobile phone disease”, it means ______________.A. the mobile phone brought him a diseaseB. something is wrong with his mobile phoneC. he can’t live without the mobile phone4.Yang Ling thinks teenagers should ______________.A. go to see a doctor very oftenB. not use mobile phones any moreC. use mobile phones less and less5.The writer wants to tell us ___________in the article.A. only a few teenagers have mobile phonesB. using mobile phones too much is bad for teenagers’ study and healthC. mobile phones can help teenagers get out of trouble(麻烦)19. Most children like watching TV. It’s very interesting. By watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many things about their country and the world. Of course, they can also learn over the radio. But they can learnbetter and more easily on TV. Why? Because they can hear and watch at the same time. But they can’t see anything over the radio. TV helps to openchildren’s eyes. It helps to open their minds ( 智力), too. They learn newer and better ways of doing things.Many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evenings. They are always busy with their classes. But a few children watch TV every night. They go to bed very late. They can’t have a good rest. How about you, my young friends?1. A few children go to bed late because they_____________.A. are busy with their classesB. do their homeworkC. watch TVD. listen to the radio2. Children can’t see anything___________.A. in classB. on the radioC. on TVD. by watching TV3. TV helps to open children’s_____________.A. eyes and mindsB. mindsC. bodyD. eyes4. —Why do many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evenings? —Because___________.A. TV is not goodB. they don’t like watc hing TVC. they are always busy with their classesD. they want to play tennis5. Children can study better and easily on TV because___________.A. they like to watch TVB. they can hear at the same timeC. they can watch at the same timeD. they can hear and watch at the same time四、翻译20.1. Alice is a shy girl, but her brother is _______________ ( 外向的) .2. Are you as ___________ ( 友好的) as your sister?3. I think a good friend makes me ___________ ( 笑) .4. Our English teacher is very strict, so I can’t _______________ ( 忍受 )him.5. The book is ________________ ( 有教育意义的 ).You should read it.五、语法填空21.1. He brushes his teeth __________ (two)a day.2. We should work hard to be ___________ ( win) in our lives.3. He was very __________ ( luck) . He lost his schoolbag last week.4. I think Lisa sang ___________ (well)of all.5. Thanks for _________ ( help) me with my English.六、翻译22.1. 因为雨下得很大,我们只好推迟会议。
八年级物理期中模拟试卷一(2024.10.29)班级:姓名:一.选择题(每题2分,共24分)1.升旗时,同学们齐声高唱《义勇军进行曲》。
关于演唱中涉及到的声现象说法正确的是()A.歌声不是由振动产生的 B.歌声只能在空气中传播C.“齐声高唱”指的是声音的响度大 D.通过音调可以分辨出是谁在唱歌2.生活中有很多与声音相关的成语,那么“声如洪钟”指的是声音的()A.音调高B.音调低C.音色好D.响度大3.发生地震时,一些动物能听到地震发出的声,而人耳却听不见。
这是因为地震时发出的声()A.是超声波B.是次声波C.响度太小D.振幅太小4.现在城市很多红绿灯路口上,在传统的交通标志白线上每隔2米就安装了一个凸起的元件,这种元件叫“夜精灵”。
晚上只要汽车的灯光一照,司机就能看到附近地上的“夜精灵”亮起来,如图所示。
下面几种元件的工作原理与“夜精灵”完全不同的是()A.教室安装的LED护眼灯B.高速公路反光标志牌C.自行车的尾灯D.交警身上穿的反光马甲5.下列各图分别表示光经过透镜后的光路图,其中正确的是()A.B.C.D.6.下列关于声现象的说法正确的是()A.考试时,考生翻动试卷发出的声音是由试卷振动产生的B.“低声细语”中的“低”,指声音的音调低C.航天员们在月球上也可以直接面对面相互交谈D.通过居民区的高架路两侧设有隔音墙,属于在声源处减弱噪声7.随着超声波指纹识别技术的出现,指纹识别手机越来越普及。
下列对超声波的分析错误的是()A.速度比普通声波快,解锁时间短 B.频率超过20000Hz,人类听不到C.有较强的穿透能力,能够穿透屏幕 D.能够传递信息,分析比对指纹8.用铁丝绕成一个内径约为4mm左右的圆环,将圆环在清水中浸一下后取出,布满圆环的水膜犹如一个透镜.下列辨别水膜是凸透镜还是凹透镜的方法中简易可行的是A.用手触摸水膜,比较中间和边缘的厚度B.用刻度尺测量水膜中间和边缘的厚度C.透过水膜观察物体成像D.用激光笔照射水膜9.中华古诗词源远流长,意境优美,好多诗词中蕴含了丰富的物理知识。
北京一零一中2024-2025学年度第一学期期中练习初二数学2024.11一、选择题:本大题共8小题,共24分。
1.巴黎奥运会项目的每个图标都融合了对称美学与运动元素,将运动项目描绘成独一无二的徽章.下列巴黎奥运会体育项目的图标中,是轴对称图形的是( )A. B. C. D.2.如图,在中,边上的高是( )A.线段B.线段C.线段D.线段3.下列计算正确的是( )A. B. C. D.4.若正多边形的一个外角是36°,则该正多边形的边数为( )A.5B.6C.8D.105.下列运算正确的是( )A. B.C. D.6.设a ,b 是实数,定义*的一种运算如下:,则下列结论错误的是( )A.,则 B.C. D.7.如图,正五边形的五个内角都相等,五条边都相等,连接对角线,,,线段分别与和相交于点F ,G ,下列结论:①;②;③;④.其中正确结论的个数是()ABC △BC EC BG CD AF222()a b a b-=-632a a a÷=()326aa -=()235a aa⋅-=-()232(4)2318124x x x x x x -+-=---()2233()x y x yxy ++=+2(41)(41)116a a a---=-222(2)24x y x xy y-=-+2*()a b a b =-*0a b =a b =**a b b a =*()**a b c a b a c+=+*()*()a b a b =--AD BE CE AD BE CE 108AGC ∠=︒AG AE =2EBC BEC ∠=∠BF DE =A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个8.如图,两直线m 与n 相交于点A ,它们相交所成的锐角等于15°,若点B 是直线m 上一定点,,点C 、D 分别是直线m 、n 上的动点,则的最小值为( )A.3B. C. D.6二、填空题:本大题共8小题,共24分。
天津市部分区2023~2024学年度第二学期期中练习八年级数学一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题3分,共36分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合要求的.将正确选项填在下表中)1. 若在实数范围内有意义,则x的值可以是()A. 2B. 0C.D.答案:A解析:解:在实数范围内有意义,,即,的值可以是2,故选:A.2. 如果一个三角形的三边长分别为1,1,,那么这个三角形是( )A. 锐角三角形B. 等边三角形C. 钝角三角形D. 等腰直角三角形答案:D解析:∵有两边长都是1,∴三角形一定是等腰三角形;∵,∴对角一定是直角,故三角形一定是等腰直角三角形;故选D.3. 如图,在平行四边形中,若,则的大小为()A. B. C. D.答案:B解析:解:∵四边形是平行四边形,∴,∴∴故选B.4. 下列二次根式中,与能合并的是()A. B. C. D.答案:B解析:解:A:,与不是同类二次根式,所以不能合并,该选项不符合题意;B:,与是同类二次根式,所以能合并,该选项符合题意;C:,与不是同类二次根式,所以不能合并,该选项不符合题意;D:,与不是同类二次根式,所以不能合并,该选项不符合题意;故选:B.5. 在数学活动课上,老师要求同学们判断一个四边形门框是不是矩形,下面某学习小组拟定的测量方案,其中正确的是()A. 测量对角线是否互相平分B. 测量两组对边是否分别相等C. 测量一组对角是否都为直角D. 测量四边形的三个角是否都为直角答案:D解析:解:、测量对角线是否互相平分,只能判定四边形门框是不是平行四边形,不能判断是不是矩形,该测量方案不正确,不合题意;、测量两组对边是否分别相等,只能判定四边形门框是不是平行四边形,不能判断是不是矩形,该测量方案不正确,不合题意;、测量一组对角是否都为直角,无法判断一个四边形门框是不是矩形,该测量方案不正确,不合题意;、三个角是直角的四边形是矩形,故测量四边形的三个角是否都为直角能判断一个四边形门框是不是矩形,符合题意;故选:.6. 下列二次根式是最简二次根式的是()A. B. C. D.答案:C解析:解:根据最简二次根式的定义可得:选项,最简二次根式中被开方数不能为分数,不是最简二次根式,不符合题意,选项错误;选项,,即被开方数中含有能开得尽方的因数,不是最简二次根式,不符合题意,选项错误;选项,是最简二次根式,符合题意,选项正确;选项,,即被开方数中含有能开得尽方的因数,不是最简二次根式,不符合题意,选项错误.故选:.7. 在下列长度的各组线段中,能构成直角三角形的是( )A. 3,5,9B. 4,6,8C. 13,14,15D. 6,8,10答案:D解析:解:A、∵,∴不能构成直角三角形,本选项不符合题意;B、∵,∴不能构成直角三角形,本选项不符合题意;C、∵,∴不能构成直角三角形,本选项不符合题意;D、∵,∴能构成直角三角形,本选项符合题意;故选:D.8. 如图,四边形是正方形,点为原点,点的坐标是,点的坐标为()A. B. C. D.答案:A解析:解:∵四边形是正方形,点为原点,点的坐标是,∴,∵点在第二象限,∴点的坐标为,故选:A.9. 如图是由两个直角三角形和三个正方形组成的图形,其中阴影部分的面积是()A. B. C. D.答案:B解析:解:根据勾股定理得出:AB===5,∴EF=AB=5,∴阴影部分面积是25,故选:B.10. 如图,在△ABC中,D,E,F分别是AB、CA、BC的中点,若CF=3,CE=4,EF=5,则CD的长为()A. 5B. 6C. 8D. 10答案:A解析:∵CF=3,CE=4,EF=5,∴CF2+CE2=EF2,∴△ECF是直角三角形,即△ABC也是直角三角形,∵E,F分别是CA、BC的中点,∴EF是△ABC的中位线,∴AB=2EF=10,∵D为AB的中点,∴CD=AB=故选:A.11. 如图,将正方形沿对折,使点A落在对角线上的处,连接,则的大小为()A. B. C. D.答案:C解析:解:在正方形中,∵是正方形的对角线∴,,由折叠性质得,∴,∴,故选:C.12. 如图,中,垂直平分于点,则的长为()A. B. C. D.答案:C解析:解:垂直平分于点,,,,,∴,,,,∴,即,,,故选:C.二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分.请将答案直接填在题中横线上)13. 计算的结果是______.答案:解析:故答案为:.14. 如果=0,那么的值为____________答案:-6解析:解:在=0中,∴x-3=0,y+2=0,解得x=3,y=-2,所以,xy=3×(-2)=-6.故答案为:-6.15. 已知直角三角形的两直角边长分别为3cm和4cm,则斜边上的高为________cm.答案:2.4解析:解:由勾股定理,直角三角形斜边长==5(cm),设斜边上的高为h cm,则S=,∴h=2.4,即斜边上的高为2.4cm,故答案:2.4.16. 某地需要开辟一条隧道,隧道的长度无法直接测量.如图所示,在地面上取一点C,使C到A、B 两点均可直接到达,测量找到和的中点D、E,测得的长为1100m,则隧道的长度为______________m.答案:2200解析:解:∵点D、E分别为和的中点,∴是的中位线,∴(米),答:隧道的长度为2200米,故答案为:2200.17. 已知:在平行四边形ABCD中,对角线AC、BD相交于点O,过点O的直线EF分别交AD于E、BC 于F,S△AOE=3,S△BOF=5,则平行四边形ABCD的面积是_____.答案:32解析:解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AD∥BC,∴∠EAC=∠BCA,∠AEF=∠CFE,又∵AO=CO,在△AOE与△COF中∴△AOE≌△COF∴△COF的面积为3,∵S△BOF=5,∴△BOC的面积为8,∵△BOC的面积=平行四边形ABCD的面积,∴▱ABCD的面积=4×8=32,故答案为32.18. 如图,在矩形中,平分,交于点,为的中点,为的中点,连接.若,.则:的长为______;的长为______.答案:①. ②.解析:解:矩形中,,,平分,,,;矩形中,,,,,中,,为的中点,为的中点,为的中位线,.故答案为:;.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共66分.解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或推理过程)19. 计算(1);(2).答案:(1)(2)小问1解析:解:原式;小问2解析:原式20. 已知:如图,平行四边形ABCD中,E、F分别是边BC和AD上的点,且BE=DF,求证:AE=CF答案:详见解析解析:证:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴AB=CD,∠B=∠D,又∵BE=DF,∴△ABE≌△CDF,∴AE=CF. (其他证法也可)21. 如图,,,,,求的面积.答案:30解析:解:如图,在中,∵,∴在中,∵∴∴为直角三角形.∴.22. 如图,在中,,现将它折叠,使点与重合,求折痕的长.答案:解析:解:由折叠的性质可得:,BD=CD,,∵,∴,∴AD=AB-BD=4-CD;在Rt△DAC中,由勾股定理得:,解得:,在Rt△DEC中,由勾股定理得:.答:折痕的长为.23. 如图,等边△ABC的边长是2,D,E分别是AB,AC的中点,延长BC至点F,使CF=BC,连接CD,EF(1)求证:CD=EF;(2)求EF的长.答案:(1)见解析;(2)EF=.解析:(1)∵D、E分别为AB、AC的中点,∴DE为△ABC的中位线,∴DE∥BC,DE=BC,∵使CF=BC,∴DE=FC,∴四边形CDEF是平行四边形,∴CD=EF.(2)∵四边形DEFC是平行四边形,∴CD=EF,∵D为AB的中点,等边△ABC的边长是2,∴AD=BD=1,CD⊥AB,BC=2,∴EF=CD==.24. 如图,在四边形中,,,E为对角线中点,F为边的中点,连接,.(1)求证:四边形是菱形;(2)连接交于点G,若,,求的长.答案:(1)证明见解析(2)4小问1解析:证明:为的中点,F为的中点,,,,,.又∵,,,四边形是平行四边形,是菱形.小问2解析:解:四边形是菱形,且,,,,,,.25. 如图,在中,,,.点从点出发沿方向以每秒个单位长的速度向点匀速运动,同时点从点出发沿方向以每秒个单位长的速度向点匀速运动,当其中一个点到达终点时,另一个点也随之停止运动,设点,运动的时间是秒.过点作垂直于点,连接,.(1)求,的长;(2)求证:;(3)当为何值时,为直角三角形?请直接写出结果.答案:(1),.(2)证明见解析.(3)当或时,为直角三角形.小问1解析:解:在中,,,,,设,则,由勾股定理得:,即,解得,(舍去),,.小问2解析:证明:,,在中,,,,又,.小问3解析:解:依题得:,,,,,①当时,,,,四边形为矩形,此时,即,解得,②当时,,,,又由可得,,四边形是平行四边形,,,,,即,解得;③当时,点到达点,点到达点,此时、、三点共线,当时,不存在;综上,当或时,为直角三角形.。
八年级语文上册期中基础训练一、积累与运用1.根据拼音写出相应的词语。
(1)她那修长美妙的身体犹如被空气托住了,衬着蓝天白云,酷似敦煌壁画中líng kōng( )翔舞的“飞天”。
(2) 1937 年12 月13 日,侵华日军野蛮侵入南京,随后制造了cǎn ju é rén huán( )的南京大屠杀惨案。
(3)母亲在家庭里极能rèn láo rèn yuàn( )。
(4)在连锁酒店大肆摆放美化侵略战争的书籍,大规模cuàn gǎi ( )历史教材。
2.选择(1)下列词语中,加点字的读音全都正确的一项是( )A.颁发(bān) 要塞(sài) 国殇(chānɡ) 殚精竭虑(dān)B.仲裁(zhòng) 解剖(pāo) 诘责(jié) 深恶痛疾(wù)C.镌刻(juān) 窒息(zhì) 锃亮(chénɡ) 屏息敛声(bǐng)D.猝然(cù) 胆怯(qiè) 炽热(chì) 筋疲力尽(jīn)(1)下列词语中,汉字书写全都正确的一项是( )A.泄气翘首眼花瞭乱苍海桑田B.娴熟绯红抑扬顿挫鹤立鸡群C.劳碌黝黑为富不人振聋发聩D.浩翰遁形和颜悦色摧枯拉朽二、文学积累(1)《使至塞上》中暗写诗人漂泊无定的内心感受的句子是:__________________________________________________。
(2)《庭中有奇树》中点明全诗相思怀念这一主题的句子是:____________________________________________________。
(3)《三峡》中极尽夸张,从侧面衬托出山的高耸连绵,给人以雄伟壮观之感的句子是:__________________________________________ __________________。
北京一零一中2023-2024学年度第二学期期中练习初二数学一、选择题(本大题共8小题,共24分)在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题意的.1. 函数中,自变量x 的取值范围是( )A. x >5B. x <5C. x≥5D. x≤5【答案】C【解析】【详解】根据题意得x-5≥0,所以x≥5,故选C.2. 在中,,,的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,下列条件中,不能判定是直角三角形的是( )A. B. C. ,, D. ,,【答案】C【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了直角三角形的判断,分别根据有一个角是直角的三角形是直角三角形,勾股定理的逆定理判断即可.【详解】∵,∴,∴是直角三角形.则A 不符合题意;设,,,根据题意,得,解得,,即,所以是直角三角形.ABC A ∠B ∠C ∠ABC A B ∠∠=︒+90::3:2:1A B C ∠∠∠=1a =1b =1c =1a =b =2c =A B ∠∠=︒+90=90C ∠︒ABC 3A x ∠=2B x ∠=C x ∠=23180x x x ++=︒30x =︒390x =︒=90A ∠︒ABC则B 不符合题意;∵,∴是等边三角形.则C 符合题意;∵,∴是直角三角形;则D 不符合题意.故选:C .3. 将一次函数的图象沿y 轴向上平移4个单位长度,所得直线的解析式为( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查的是一次函数图象的平移,熟练掌握“左加右减,上加下减”是解答本题的关键.根据平移的性质“左加右减,上加下减”,即可找出平移后的直线解析式.【详解】解: 一次函数的图象沿y 轴向上平移4个单位长度, 所得直线的解析式为.故选A .4. 在平行四边形中,,则的度数为( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了平行四边形的性质,熟练掌握平行四边形的性质是解题的关键.根据平行四边形的对角相等、邻角互补以及图形可知与是对角,即可求出和的度数;再根据与是邻角,即可求得.【详解】解:如图:∵四边形为平行四边形,a b c ==ABC 2224a b c +==ABC 21y x =-23y x =+25y x =-24y x =-24y x =+ 21y x =-∴21423y x x =-+=+ABCD 100A C ∠+∠=︒B ∠50︒80︒100︒130︒A ∠C ∠A ∠C ∠B ∠A ∠B ∠ABCD∴.∵,∴,∴.故选D .5. 下列各曲线中,不能表示y 是x 的函数的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题考查了函数的概念,“一般地,在一个变化过程中,如果有两个变量与,并且对于的每一个确定的值,都有唯一确定的值与其对应,那么我们就说是自变量,是的函数”,熟悉函数的定义是解决问题的关键.根据定义,逐一判定是否对于的每一个确定的值,都有唯一确定的值与其对应,即可解决问题.【详解】解:A :对于x 的每一个取值,y 都有唯一确定的值与之对应,是的函数,该选项不符合题意;B :在x 正半轴一段范围,对于x 的每一个取值,y 有两个值与之对应,不是的函数,该选项符合题意;C :对于x 的每一个取值,y 都有唯一确定的值与之对应,是的函数,该选项不符合题意;D :对于x 的每一个取值,y 都有唯一确定的值与之对应,是的函数,该选项不符合题意;故选:B .6. 如图,在菱形中,对角线,相交于点O ,E 是的中点,连接,若,.则四边形的周长为( )A. 8B. C. D. 【答案】C 180A B A C ∠+∠=︒∠=∠,100A C ∠+∠=︒50A ∠=︒130B ∠=︒x y x y x y x x y y x y x y x y x ABCD AC BD ABEO OB =120BAD ∠=︒AEOD 6+8+【分析】本题考查了菱形的性质,直角三角形斜边中线等于斜边一半的性质以及勾股定理的应用,熟练掌握相关知识点是解题的关键.利用菱形的性质和勾股定理求出菱形的边长,利用直角三角形的中位线定理得出的长,即可计算出菱形的周长.【详解】解: 为菱形,,对角线,相交于点O ,,,,在中,,,,设,则,利用勾股定理得,,即,解得,(舍去), ,E 是的中点,, 四边形的周长为:.故选:C .7. 能说明命题“若x 为无理数,则也是无理数”是假命题的反例是( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】B【解析】【分析】本题考查了无理数的概念以及二次根式的运算,熟练掌握运算法则和定义是解题的关键.逐一计算每个选项的平方数,按照无理数定义验证即可解决问题.【详解】解:A :,是无理数,不符合题意;B :,不是无理数,符合题意;C :,是无理数,不符合题意;D :EO ABCD ABCD 120BAD ∠=︒AC BD ∴AC BD ⊥60BAO DAO ∠=∠= AB AD BC CD ===OB OD ==Rt AOB △ 60BAO ∠= ∴30ABO = ∠∴12AO AB =AO x =2AB x =222OB AO AB +=222((2)x x +=12x =22x =-∴4AB AD == AB ∴122AE EO AB ===∴AEOD 2248AE EO AD OD +++=+++=+2x π122πx =2212x ==221)6x =-=-225x =+=+8. 如图,某自动感应门的正上方A 处装着一个感应器,离地米,当人体进入感应器的感应范围内时,感应门就会自动打开.一个身高米的学生正对门,缓慢走到离门米的地方时(米),感应门自动打开,则人头顶离感应器的距离等于( )A. 米B. 米C. 2米D. 米【答案】A【解析】【分析】本题考查了矩形的判定与性质,勾股定理.熟练掌握矩形的判定与性质,勾股定理是解题的关键.如图,作于,则四边形是矩形,,,,由勾股定理得,【详解】解:如图,作于,则四边形是矩形,∴,,∴,由勾股定理得,,故选:A .二、填空题(本大题共8小题,共24分)9. 已知点,,在一次函数的图象上,则,的大小关系是______.【答案】【解析】2.5AB =1.6CD 1.21.2BC =AD 1.5 1.8 2.4DE AB ⊥E BCDE 1.2DE BC == 1.6BE CD ==0.9AE =AD =DE AB ⊥E BCDE 1.2DE BC == 1.6BE CD ==0.9AE = 1.5AD ==()11,A y -()23,B y 2y x =-+1y 2y 12y y >【分析】本题主要考查了比较一次函数值的大小,根据解析式得到y 随x 增大而减小,再由即可得到答案.【详解】解:∵一次函数解析式为,,∴y 随x 增大而减小,∵知点,,在一次函数的图象上,且,∴,故答案为:.10. 已知x+1,则代数式x 2﹣2x +1的值为____.【答案】2【解析】【分析】利用完全平方公式将所求的代数式进行变形,然后代入求值即可.【详解】解:原式为:,将代入上式,原式故答案为:2.【点睛】此题考查了完全平方公式的计算,二次根式的性质.利用完全平方公式将所求代数式进行变形是解答此题的关键.11. 如图,在平面直角坐标系中,函数与的图象相交于点,则关于x 的不等式的解集是______.【答案】13-<2y x =-+10k =-<()11,A y -()23,B y 2y x =-+13-<12y y >12y y >221x x -+()2=1x -1x =+)22=(1)=11=2x -+-xOy 1y kx =23y ax =+()1,2A -3kx ax <+1x >-【解析】【分析】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式的关系,观察图象写出直线在直线下方所对应的自变量的范围即可.【详解】解:观察图象可知,当时,直线在直线下方,故关于x 的不等式的解集是,故答案为:.12. 如图1,将长为,宽为的矩形分割成四个全等的直角三角形,拼成“赵爽弦图”(如图2),得到大小两个正方形.若图2中阴影小正方形的面积为49.则a 的值为______.【答案】4【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了正方形的性质,全等三角形的性质,根据题意可得图2中阴影小正方形的边长为,再由图2中阴影小正方形的面积为49即可求出答案.【详解】解:由题意得,图2中阴影小正方形的边长为,∵图2中阴影小正方形的面积为49,∴图2中阴影小正方形的边长为7,∴,∴,故答案为:4.13. 如图,将有一边重合两张直角三角形纸片放在数轴上,纸片上的点A 表示的数是,若以点为圆心,的长为半径画弧,与数轴交于点(点位于点右侧),则点表示的数为________.1y kx =23y ax =+1x >-1y kx =23y ax =+3kx ax <+1x >-1x >-23a +2a 233a a a +-=+233a a a +-=+37a +=4a =1AC BC BD ===2-A AD E E A E【答案】【解析】【分析】根据勾股定理可以求得和的长,再根据和,点表示的数为,即可写出点表示的数.【详解】解:,,,,,点表示的数是,点表示的数为故答案为:【点睛】本题考查勾股定理、实数与数轴,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用数形结合的思想解答.14. 已知平面直角坐标系下,点A 、C 的坐标为,,点B 的坐标为.若的面积为5,则b 的值为______.【答案】8或【解析】【分析】本题考查了平面直角坐标系中的坐标与图形,利用横、纵坐标得到线段的长度解题的关键.根据点B 、C 的坐标三角形的底,根据点A 的坐标可知边上的高,利用三角形面积计算公式求解即可.【详解】点A 、C 的坐标为,,点B 的坐标为,的底为,高为2,的面积为5,2-+AB AD AD AE A 2-E 1AC BC BD === 90ACB ABD ∠=∠=︒AB ∴===AD ∴===AD AE = AE ∴= A 2-∴E 2-+2-()1,2A ()3,0C (),0Bb ABC 2-BC ()1,2A ()3,0C (),0B b ∴ABC 3BA b =- ABC,,或,故答案为:8或.15. 漏刻是我国古代的一种计时工具.据史书记载,西周时期就已经出现了漏刻,这是中国古代人民对函数思想的创造性应用.小明同学依据漏刻的原理制作了一个简单的漏刻计时工具模型,研究中发现水位是时间的一次函数,如表是小明记录的部分数据,则时.h 的值为______.…1235…… 2.4 2.8 3.24…【答案】3.6【解析】【分析】本题考查了待定系数法求一次函数解析式,解二元一次方程组,掌握待定系数法求一次函数解析式是解题的关键.设水位h (cm )是时间t (min )的一次函数解析式为,根据表格代入数据解方程组即可求出解析式,将代入即可求解.【详解】解:设水位h (cm )是时间t (min )的一次函数解析式为,根据表格得,解得,一次函数解析式为,当,.故答案为:3.6.16. 如图,在中,,于点E ,于点F ,、交于点H ,、的延长线交于G ,给出下列结论:①;②点D 是中点:③;④若平分,则;其中一定正确的结论有______.(填序号)1|3|252ABC S b =⨯-⨯=△∴|3|5b -=8b ∴=2b =-2-()cm h ()min t 4t =cm ()min t ()cm h h kt b =+4t =h kt b =+2.42 2.8k b k b +=⎧⎨+=⎩0.42k b =⎧⎨=⎩∴0.42h t =+4t =0.442 3.6h =⨯+=ABCD Y 45DBC∠=︒DE BC ⊥BF CD ⊥DE BF AD BF A BHE ∠=∠AG AB BH =BG DBC ∠)1BE CE =【答案】①③④【解析】【分析】本题考查了平行四边形的性质、等腰三角形的性质,全等三角形的性质和判定,①由证明即可;③先证明,从而得到,然后由平行四边形的性质可知;④连接,证是等腰直角三角形,,设,得出,进而得出.②无法证明点D 是中点.【详解】解:,,,,四边形是平行四边形,,,故①正确;和中,,,,,正确;连接,如图:平分,,在HBE CBF HEB CFB ∠=∠∠=∠,BHE DEC △≌△BH DC =AB BH =CH CEH △DH CH =EH EC a ==DH CH ===)1BE DE EC ==+AG DE BC BF CD ⊥⊥ ,90DEC HFD ∴∠=∠=︒9090DHF EDC EDC C ∴∠+∠=︒∠+∠=︒,DHF C ∴∠=∠ ABCD AB CD A C ∴=∠=∠,DHF BHE ∠=∠ A BHE∴∠=∠BHE DCE △HBE CDE BE DEBEH DEC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩()ASA BHE DCE ∴ ≌BH DC EH EC ∴==,AB CD = AB BH ∴=,③CH BG 45DBC DBC ∠∠=︒,22.5HBE ∴∠=︒,,是等腰直角三角形,,,,设,,,,④正确∵是平行四边形,∴,∴,,又,∴三个角对应相等无法证明全等,∴无法证明,即无法证明点D 是中点,故②错误,综上①③④正确,故答案为:①③④.三、解答题:(本大题共10小题,共52分)解答应写出文字说明、演算步骤或证明过程.17. 计算:(1(2)【答案】(1)(222.5CDE ∴∠=︒90EH EC DEC =∠=︒ ,CEH ∴ 45EHC CDE HCD ∴∠=︒=∠+∠22.5HCD CDE ∴∠=︒=∠DH CH ∴=EH EC a ==DH CH ∴===)1DE DH HE a a ∴=+=+=+))11BE DE a EC ∴===ABCD AG BC DGF CBF ∠=∠GDF BCF ∠=∠90DFG CFB ∠=∠=︒DFG CFB DG CB =AG +2+4【解析】【分析】本题主要考查二次根式的混合运算,解题的关键是熟练掌握二次根式的性质和运算法则.(1)先根据二次根式的乘除法逐项化简,再合并同类二次根式即可.(2)先将转化为再利用平方差公式,即可求解.【小问1详解】;【小问2详解】18. 如图,在平行四边形中,点E ,F 对角线上,且,连接、、、、求证:四边形是平行四边形.【答案】证明见解析【解析】【分析】根据平行四边形的性质,得到,,进而得到,即可证明四边形是平行四边形.【详解】证明:连接交于点O,2+=+4=+2=+22⎡⎤=-⎢⎥⎣⎦()32=-=ABCD AC AE CF =DE EB BF FD DEBF OA OC =OB OD =OE OF =DEBF BD AC四边形为平行四边形,,,,,四边形为平行四边形.【点睛】本题考查了平行四边形的性质与判定,熟练掌握相关性质与判定定理是解题关键.19.(1)直接写出和的值:______,______;(2)求的值.【答案】(11.(2)1.【解析】【分析】本题考查二次根式的混合运算和异分母分式的加法运算.(1)分别把,和进行计算即可;(2)先进行异分母分式的加法运算,再将和的值代入即可.【小问1详解】解:由已知,,1. ABCD OA OC ∴=OB OD =AE CF = OE OF ∴=∴DEBF a =b =a b +ab a b +=ab =1111s a b=+++a =b =a b +ab a b +ab a b +==1ab ===【小问2详解】解:.20. 如图,已知网格中有一个,顶点A 、B 、C 、D 都在格点上,要求仅利用已有的格点和无刻度直尺作图(注意:不能用圆规),找出格点P (一个即可),使平分.小明和小天分别采用了不同的方法:小明:在边上找到格点P ,连接,可知平分.小天:在边上找到某个格点E ,连接,发现线段上存在格点P ,使平分.请根据两人的思路,分别在图1和图2中完成小明和小天的图形(标出两人所说的点,画出相应的图形)【答案】见解析【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了等腰三角形的性质与判定,平行四边形的性质,根据两人的思路进行作图求解即可.【详解】解:如图1和图2所示,即为所求;图1中易证明,则,再由平行四边形的性质结合平行线的性质可得,则,则点P 即为所求;图2中,易证明,点P 为的中点,则由三线合一定理可得平分.21. 如图.在中,点D 、E 、F 分别是边、、的中点,且.求证:四边形为矩形.()()11112111111b a a b s a b a b a b ab +++++=+====+++++++ABCD Y BP ABC ∠AD BP BP ABC ∠BC AE AE BP ABC ∠AB AP =ABP APB ∠=∠APB CBP ∠=∠ABP CBP ∠=∠AB BE =AE BP ABC ∠ABC AB AC BC 2BC AF =ADFE【答案】见解析【解析】【分析】本题考查了三角形中位线的性质、矩形的判定、等腰三角形的性质以及三角形的内角和.先根据中位线的性质得到,得到四边形为平行四边形,再利用等腰三角形的性质和三角形内角和证明,则求证可证.【详解】证明:∵点D 、E 、F 分别是边、、的中点,∴,,∴四边形为平行四边形,∵F 为中点,,∴,∴,∵,∴,则,即,∴四边形为矩形.22. 探究函数性质时,我们经历了列表、描点、连线画出函数的图象,观察分析图象特征,概括函数性质的过程.小玉同学根据学习函数的经验,对函数进行了探究.下面是小玉的探究过程,请补充完整:(1)函数的自变量取值范围是全体实数;(2)绘制函数图象①列表:下表是x 与的几组对应值:x…01234…EF AB ∥DF AC ∥ADFE 90BAC ∠=︒AB AC BC EF AB ∥DF AC ∥ADFE BC 2BC AF =BF AF CF ==,B BAF FAC C ∠=∠∠=∠180B BAF FAC C ∠+∠+∠+∠=︒()2180BAF FAC ∠+∠=︒90BAF FAC ∠+∠=︒90BAC ∠=︒ADFE 112y x =-+112y x =-+1y 2-1-…543b 345…其中,______;②描点、连线:在同一平面直角坐标系中,描出上表中各组数值所对应的点,并画出函数的图象;(3)结合函数图象,探究函数性质①函数图象上的最低点坐标是______;②的数图象关于直线______对称;(4)已知函数图象和函数的图象无交点,直接写出m 的取值范围是______.【答案】(1)原说法正确,理由见详解 (2)①2,②见详解(3)①,②1. (4)【解析】【分析】本题主要考查了函数的图像和性质.(1)根据对于任意x ,是否有意义回答即可.(2)①把代入函数即可求出b的值. ②描点画出函数图像即可.(3)①根据函数图像即可得出答案,②根据函数图像即可得出答案,(4)根据可得出当时,即可求出m 取值范围.【小问1详解】解:对于任意x ,均有意义上.的1y b =xOy ()1,x y 1y 1y 1y x =22x y m =+112y x =-+()1,232m <1y 1x =1122y x =-+≥1x =122m +<1y∴函数的自变量取值范围是全体实数【小问2详解】①当时,,∴,故答案为:2.②的图象如下:【小问3详解】①函数图象上的最低点坐标是,故答案为:②函数图象关于直线对称,故答案为:1.【小问4详解】∵,且当时,,∴当时,,即,解得:,故答案为:.23. 一次函数的图像与轴交于点,且经过点.(1)当时,求一次函数的解析式及点的坐标;112y x =-+1x =1121122y x =-+=-+=2b =1y 1y ()1,2()1,21y 1x =1122y x =-+≥1x =12y =1x =22y <122m +<32m <32m <()40y kx k k =+≠x A ()2,B m =2m A(2)当时,对于的每一个值,函数的值大于一次函数的值,直接写出的取值范围.【答案】(1)y=x +,点A 的坐标为(-4,0) (2)【解析】【分析】(1)当m =2时,把点C 的坐标代入y =kx +4k (k ≠0),即可求得k 的值,得到一次函数表达式,再求出点A 的坐标即可;(2)根据图像得到不等式,解不等式即可.【小问1详解】解:∵m =2,∴将点C (2,2)代入y =kx +4k ,解得k =;∴一次函数表达式y =x +,当y =0时,x +=0,解得x =-4∵一次函数y =x +的图像与x 轴交于点A ,∴点A 的坐标为(-4,0).【小问2详解】解:如图,y =kx +4k (k ≠0)过定点,∵当时,,对于x 的每一个值,函数的值大于一次函数y =kx +4k (k ≠0)的为1x >-x =y x ()40y kx k k =+≠k 134313k ≤-13134313431343()=+4k x ()4,0-1x =-1y x ==-=y x ()=+4k x值,∴,,解得k ≤−.∴k≤−.【点睛】本题考查了待定系数法求一次函数解析式,利用函数图像解不等式,数形结合是解答本题的关键.24. 如图,一次函数的图象与x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,点D 为x 轴上的点(在点A 右侧),为的垂直平分线,垂足为点E,且,连接.(1)求证:四边形是菱形;(2)连接,求的长.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)【解析】【分析】本题考查了菱形的判定和性质,勾股定理,平行四边形的判定和性质,直角三角形的性质,熟练掌握菱形的判定与性质是解题的关键;(1)根据为的垂直平分线,得E 为中点,,根据,再证,得,判定四边形是平行四边形,根据对角线互相垂直的平行四边形是菱形,即可得出结论;(2)根据一次函数与x 、y 轴交点得出,,再根据勾股定理求出,根据菱形的性质求出,再次利用勾股定理求出,依据直角三角形的性质定理即可得出.【小问1详解】为的垂直平分线,,,,,1x =-41k k -+≤-1313443y x =-+AC BD BC OD ∥CD ABCD OE OE AC BD BD 90BEC DEC DEA ∠=∠==︒BC OD ∥BEC DEA △≌△BC DA =ABCD OA OB AB AD BD OE AC BD BE DE ∴=90BEC DEC DEA ∠=∠==︒ BC OD ∥BCE DAE ∴∠=∠在和中,,,四边形是平行四边形,为的垂直平分线,四边形是菱形;【小问2详解】一次函数的图象与x 轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,点A 坐标为,点B 坐标为,,,在中,由(1)得:四边形是菱形,,E 为中点,,在中,E 为中点,连接,.25. 已知,矩形,,对角线、交于点O ,,点M 在射线上,满足,作于E ,的延长线交于F BEC DEA △BEC DEA BE DEBCE DAE ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩∴BEC DEA △≌△BC DA ∴=∴ABCD AC BD ∴ABCD 443y x =-+∴()3,0()0,4∴3OA =4OB =Rt AOB△5AB ===ABCD 5AD AB ∴==BD 8OD OA AD ∴=+=Rt AOB△AB === BDOE 12OE AB ∴===ABCD AD AB >AC BD DAC α∠=BC 2DMC α∠=DE AC ⊥DE BC(1)如图1,点M 在线段上①依题意补全图形,并直接写出______(用含的式子表示)②连接,请用等式表示线段与的数量关系,并证明.(2)当时,设,,请直接写出线段的长(用含m 、n 的式子表示)【答案】(1)①画图见解析,;②,证明见解析 (2)或或【解析】【分析】(1)①根据题意先补全图形,由矩形的性质得到,再根据同角的余角相等得到;②如图所示,延长交于N ,设交于G ,由矩形的性质可得,,先证明,再证明,得到,则;再证明,得到,可得;证明,得到,即可推出;(2)分当点M 在上,且时,当点M 在上,且时,当点M 在线段延长线上时,三种情况画出对应的图形讨论求解即可.【小问1详解】解:①补全图形如下:∵四边形是矩形,∴,∴,∵,∴,∴;BC CDF ∠=αOM OM DF 30α≠︒AD m =CF n =FM α12OM DF =32n m -32m n -2m n +90ADC ∠=︒CDF DAC α==∠∠MO AD MO DF AC BD OA OB OC OD ====,90BAD ∠=︒DBC α∠=BDM DBM α∠==∠BM DM =MO BD ⊥GFM GMF GND GDN ==∠∠,∠∠GF GM GN GD ==,DF MN =()AAS AON COM ≌ON OM =12OM DF =BC FC MC >BC FC MC <BC ABCD 90ADC ∠=︒90DAC DCA ∠+∠=︒DE AC ⊥90CDF DCE ∠+∠=︒CDF DAC α==∠∠故答案为:;②,证明如下:如图所示,延长交于N ,设交于G ,∵四边形是矩形,∴,,∵,∴,∵,∴,∴,∵,∴,∴,∴,∵,∴,,∴,∴,∴,即;∵,∴,又∵,∴,∴,α12OM DF =MO AD MO DF ABCD AC BD OA OB OC OD ====,90BAD ∠=︒DAC α∠=90OAB OBA α==︒-∠∠AB CD 90OAB OBA ODC OCD α====︒-∠∠∠∠DBC α∠=2DMC DBM BDM α=+=∠∠∠BDM DBM α∠==∠BM DM =MO BD ⊥DF AC AD BC ⊥,∥90DFC ADE α==︒-∠∠90DNM NMB α==︒-∠∠GFM GMF GND GDN ==∠∠,∠∠GF GM GN GD ==,GF GD GM GN +=+DF MN =AD BC ∥OAN OCM ONA OMC ==∠∠,∠∠OA OC =()AAS AON COM ≌ON OM =∴,即;【小问2详解】解:如图所示,当点M 在上,且时,取线段的中点N ,连接,则是的中位线,∴,;由矩形的性质可得,∴,∴,由(1)得,∴,∴,∴四边形是平行四边形,∴,∴;如图所示,当点M 在上,且时,取线段的中点N ,连接,则是的中位线,∴,;由矩形的性质可得,2DF MN OM ==12OM DF =BC FC MC >DF ON CN ,ON DBF 12ON BF =ON BF ∥90BC AD m DCF ===︒,∠12CN FN DF ==90CN OM NCF NFC α===︒-,∠∠90EMF α=︒-∠EMF NCF =∠∠CN OM ∥ONCM 12CM ON BF ==()333222n m FM BC BF CM BC BF m m n -=--=-=--=BC FC MC <DF ON CN ,ON DBF 12ON BF =ON BF ∥90BC AD m DCF ===︒,∠∴,∴,由(1)得,∴,∴,∴,∴四边形是平行四边形,∴,∴;如图所示,当点M 线段延长线上时,延长交于N ,∵,∴,∴,∵,∴,∴,∵,∴,∴,∴,∴,∴,在12CN FN DF ==90CN OM NCF NFC α===︒-,∠∠OBM OM BD α=∠,⊥90OMB α=︒-∠EMF NCF =∠∠CN OM ∥ONCM 12CM ON BF ==()333222m n FM BF CM BC BF BC m n m -=+-=-=--=BC AC DM ,AD BC ∥ACB DAC α∠=∠=MCN ACB α==∠∠2DMC N MCN α=+=∠∠∠N MCN DAC α===∠∠∠CM MN DA DN m ===,90DFM α=︒-∠18090290FDM ααα=︒-︒+-=︒-∠FDM DFM ∠=∠MF DM =n CM m CM +=-2m n CM -=∴;综上所述,的长为或或.【点睛】本题主要考查了全等三角形的性质与判定,等腰三角形的性质与判定,矩形的性质,三角形中位线定理,平行四边形的性质与判定等等,利用分类讨论的思想求解是解题的关键.26. 在平面直角坐标系中,对于点和直线.作点关于的对称点,点是直线上一点,作线段满足且,如果线段与直线有交点,则称点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”.如下图所示,点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”.2m n MF CF CM +=+=FM 32n m -32m n -2m n +xOy M l M l M 'N l M P 'M P M N ''=90PM N '∠=︒M P 'l P M l N P M l N(1)如图1,已知点,若点,则点关于轴和点的“垂对点”的坐标为______;若点,求点关于轴和点的“垂对点”的坐标;(2)若点、点是直线上的点,点,且满足点是点关于轴和点的“垂对点”,直接写出点的坐标______;(3)已知点,,,,其中.点在四边形的边上,直线,若四边形的边上存在点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”,请直接写出的取值范围(用含的式子表示)______.【答案】(1)①;②(2)点的坐标为:或 (3)【解析】分析】(1)①根据“垂对点”定义,结合坐标系,即可求解;②点,作关于轴的对称点,过点作轴,过点作的垂【()2,0M -①()10,2N -M y 1N ②()20,4N M y 2N P M P 2y x =--()5,0N -P M x N M (),0A a -(),0B a (),2C a a (),2D a a -0a >M ABCD :l y x t =+ABCD P M l N t a ()0,2()2,2-P ()20-,()1,3-55a t a-≤≤()20,4N ()2,0M -y ()2,0M 'M 'AB y ∥2,P N AB线段,垂足分别为,进而根据“垂对点”定义,结合坐标系,证明,得出的坐标为,即可求解;(2)当在轴上方时,过点作轴,过点作的垂线段,垂足分别为,同(1)可得,得出,根据在上,代入即可求解,当在轴下方时,同法可求;(3)当时,设正方形的中心为,得出,,将绕点逆时针旋转得到,与交于点,证明四边形是正方形,得出是等腰直角三角形,确定点的轨迹,进而根据点与点重合时为临界点,连接,进而得出,结合图形可得当时,存在点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”,根据对称性即可得出.【小问1详解】解:①如图所示,点,则点关于轴和点的“垂对点”的坐标为如图所示,点,作关于轴的对称点,过点作轴,过点作的垂线段,垂足分别为,,B A ()2AAS AN M BM P ''≌P ()2,2-M x M 'AB x ∥,P N AB ,B A ()AAS ANM BMP ' ≌()2,27P m -+P 2y x =--M x 0t >ABCD Q ()0,Q a (),Q a t t '-M SN ' M '90︒M TP ' EN TP E M SET 'EHK P P C D E '5t a =5t a ≤P M l N 55a t a -≤≤()10,2N -M y 1N ()0,2()20,4N ()2,0M -y ()2,0M 'M 'AB y ∥2,P N AB ,B A根据新定义可得:,∴,∴,∴,∴的坐标为,∴点关于轴和点的“垂对点”的坐标为【小问2详解】解:如图所示,当在轴上方时,过点作轴,过点作的垂线段,垂足分别为,2290,N M P N M PM '''∠=︒=290AM N PM B M PB '''∠=︒-∠=∠()2AAS AN M BM P ''≌24,2AM PB AN BM ''====P ()2,2-M y 2N P ()2,2-M x M 'AB x ∥,P N AB ,B A同(1)可得,∴∵点、点是直线上的点,设,则,∵点,∴∴,即又∵在上,∴,解得:∴;当在轴下方时,如图所示,()AAS ANM BMP ' ≌,AN M B AM PB ''==M P 2y x =--(),2M m m --(),2M m m '+()5,0N -5,2AM m AN m '=+=--()()()225P m n m m +--+++,()2,27P m -+P 2y x =--2722m +=-72m =-()2,0P -M x∵点、点是直线上的点,设,则,∵点,∴∴,,∴,即又∵在上,∴,解得:∴综上所述,点的坐标为:或【小问3详解】解:如图所示,当时,M P 2y x =--(),2M m m --(),2M m m '+()5,0N -5,2AM m AN m '=+=+52AB m m =+--5BP AM m ==+()()225P m m m m +++-+,()22,3P m +-P 2y x =--()3222m -=-+-12m =-()1,3P -P ()20-,()1,3-0t >设正方形的中心为,∵点,,,,其中.∴即,∵关于直线直线的对称点为,则∴,∴,设直线与坐标轴的交点分别为则,∴,则是等腰直角三角形,则∵在直线上,设绕点逆时针旋转(根据新定义,与直线有交点)得到,∴是等腰直角三角形,∵点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”,∴是等腰直角三角形,设与的交点为,将绕点逆时针旋转得到,与交于点,如图所示,ABCD Q (),0A a -(),0B a (),2C a a (),2D a a -0a >02,20a a a Q -++⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭()0,Q a Q :l y x t =+Q '90Q FQ '∠=︒FQ FQ t a '==-(),Q a t t '-:l y x t =+,F H()()0,,,0F t H t -OF OH =OFH 45HFQ ∠=︒N :l y x t =+N Q '90︒Q N ''l N 'NQN ' P M l N M NP ' MM 'FN S M SN ' M '90︒M TP ' EN TP E∴∵∴,∴四边形是矩形又∵∴四边形是正方形,∴∵设与轴的交点为,与轴的交点为点,则,,是等腰直角三角形,当在正方形的边上运动时,在正方形上运动,当点在上运动时,在直线上运动,∴当点与正方形有交点时,存在点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”,即点与点重合时为临界点,连接,如图所示,90M SN M TP ''∠=∠=︒M S ST'⊥90M SN M SE ''∠=∠=︒M SET 'M S M T''=M SET 'TP NE⊥45FHO ∠=°TP x K y G EHK OKG EFG M ABCD M 'A B C D ''''N y x t =+P TE P ABCD P M l N P C D E '∵四边形是正方形,又∴轴,∵是等腰直角三角形,又,,则的纵坐标之差为,∴,,∵是等腰直角三角形,∴,∴∴当时,存在点是点关于直线和点的“垂对点”,根据对称性可得,故答案为:.【点睛】本题考查了坐标与图形,一次函数与坐标轴交点问题,等腰直角三角形的性质与判定,正方形的性质,全等三角形的性质与判定,轴对称的性质,熟练掌握一线三等角证明全等三角三角形确定点的坐标是解题的关键.M TES '45M ES EHK'∠=︒=∠D E x '∥EFG (),Q a t t '-Q F D E ''∥,F E a (),E a t a --2FG a =GKO 3OG OK OB BK OB BC a ==+=+=5t a=5t a ≤P M l N 55a t a -≤≤55a t a -≤≤。
人大附中2024-2025学年度第一学期八年级语文期中练习2024年11月5日说明:本试卷共五道大题22道小题,共8页,满分100分,考试时间120分钟;请在密封线内填写个人信息。
一、基础·运用(共14分)(一)金秋十月,学校举办了盛大的秋季运动会。
年级宣传部的同学采集赛场上的新闻;准备编辑一份运动会特刊。
下面是两篇新闻特写的节选,请阅读并完成1-4题。
(共8分)【甲】他手持实心球,缓缓走向起点。
他抬手的一瞬间,场内场外的观众都屏息liǎn()声,翘.首以待。
只见他两脚前后叉立,双手持球手腕后翻,将球置于额头右斜上方,他的身体仿佛弓弦被缓缓拉紧,实心球化作弹弓上的石头蓄势待发。
然后,右脚奋力蹬地,腰部、腹部、手部肌肉同时向前发力。
沉甸甸的实心球在空中划出一道优美的弧线,观众和选手的目光紧紧追随。
随着一声闷响,大家不约而同地发出“哇”的一声惊叹——这凝结着辛勤汗水和热切盼望的球,最终完美地落在了12米线上。
“太棒了!”观众席中发出一声惊呼。
紧接着,是雷鸣般的掌声。
【乙】“预备——”,她将上身下压,呈起跑姿势,犹如居高临下的狼王。
随着发令枪“砰”地一声响,她疾驰而出,快如闪电。
跑道上,她步伐矫健,身姿轻yíng(),像在风中穿梭的猎豹。
向前!向前!向前!她的双腿似滚滚车轮般转动,看得观众眼花缭.乱,看得对手胆战心惊。
每一次大幅度的摆臂都凝聚着对胜利的渴望【】每一次沉稳的呼吸都向世界宣告她已胜券在握。
尽管强手如林,她的眼里只有终点。
1.将文段中拼音对应的汉字依次书写在田字格里。
(2分)2.文段中加点字的注音全部正确的一项是(2分)A.qiào liáoB.qiào liàoD.qiáo liào C.qiáo liáo3.在文段(二)的【】中填入正确的标点符号,并说明理由。
(2分)标点:理由:4.下面画线句修辞手法不同于其他句的一项是(2分)A.实心球化作弹弓上的石头蓄势待发。
首都师大附中2024-2025 学年第 1 学期期中练习初二英语听力理解(共27 分)一、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选择最佳选项。
每段对话或独白听两遍。
(共9 分,每小题1.5 分)请听一段对话,完成第 1 至第 2 小题。
1.What does Helen want to be?A. A player.B. A musician.C. A writer.2.What does Helen think of being a reporter?A. Happy.B. Exciting.C. Boring.请听一段对话,完成第3 至第4 小题。
3.What is the girl’s favorite sport?A. Volleyball.B. Football.C. Tennis.4.Which class will the girl have the match with this afternoon?A. Class 8.B. Class 7.C. Class 6.请听一段对话,完成第 5 至第 6 小题。
5.How long do Chinese people spend online every week?A. 8 hours.B. 20 hours.C. 28 hours.6.Why does the speaker give the talk?A.To talk about his ideas on the future use of the Internet.B.To show the result of a survey on the use of the Internet.C.To talk about the bad and good points of using the Internet in daily life.二、听短文回答。
期中练习一请同学们认真审题,书写工整。
卷面书写的分值为5分。
(要求:书写工整,不要用胶带纸或涂改液等涂改。
)基础部分(25分)一、你能正确地默写出下面空格中的语句吗?(11分)1、______________,______________。
阳春布德泽,万物生光辉。
常恐秋节至,焜黄华叶衰。
______________,______________? ______________,______________。
(《长歌行》)2、______________,徙倚欲何依。
______________,______________。
______________,______________。
相顾无相识,长歌怀采薇。
(《野望》王绩)二、你能根据拼音写出正确的汉字吗?(6分)3、老头子zhāng huáng shīcuò,船却走不动。
4、发高烧和打hán jìn的时候,孩子们也没停下来。
三、5、我们接触了一些优秀作家以及他们的作品,你还能记得吗?(4分)(1)《芦花荡》的作者是________________。
(2)雨果是____国作家,他的代表作有《_______________》《___________________》。
四、6、文学常识填空。
(4分)阅读新闻,要注意它的结构的五个部分,即_______、_______、_______、______、结语。
阅读部分(40分)(一)特殊的听众①用父亲和妹妹的话来说,我在音乐方面简直是个白痴。
当然,这是他们在经受了我数次折磨之后得出的结论。
在他们听起来,我拉小夜曲就像是在锯床腿儿。
这话使我感到沮丧和灰心,我不敢在家里练琴。
后来,我发现了一个绝妙的去处,就在楼区后面的小山上,那儿有一片茂密的小树林,地上铺满了落叶。
②第一天早上,我蹑手蹑脚地走出家门,心里充满了神圣感,仿佛要去干一件非常伟大的事情。
林子里静极了,沙沙的足音,听起来像幽幽的乐曲。
我在一棵树下站好,心剧烈地跳起来,我不得不大喘了几口气,使它平静下来。
我庄重地架起小提琴,像在举行一个隆重的仪式,拉响了第一支曲子,但事实很快就令我沮丧了,似乎我又把那把锯带到了林子里。
我懊恼极了,泪水几乎夺眶而出,不由得诅咒道:“我真是一个笨蛋,这辈子也甭想拉好琴!”当我感觉到身后有人并转过身时,我吓了一跳。
一位极瘦的老妇人静静地坐在一张木椅上,她双眼平静地望着我。
我的脸顿时烧起来,心想,这么难听的声音一定破坏了这林中和谐的美,破坏了这位老人独享的____________。
我抱歉地冲老人笑了笑,准备溜走。
老人叫住了我,她说:“是我打扰了你吗?小伙子。
不过,我每天早晨都在这儿坐一会儿。
”一束阳光透过树叶的缝隙照射下来,她的满头银发显得格外晶莹。
“我猜想你一定拉得非常好,只可惜我的耳朵聋了。
如果不介意我在场的话,请继续吧。
”我指了指琴,摇了摇头,意思是说我拉不好。
“也许我会用心去感受这音乐。
我能做你的听众吗?就在每天早晨。
”我被这位老人诗一般的语言打动了:我羞愧起来,同时暗暗有了几分兴奋。
嘿!毕竟有人愿意听我的琴声了,尽管她是一位聋子。
我拉起另一支曲子,面对这位特殊..的“听众”,一位耳聋的老人。
她一直很________地望着我。
我停下来时,她总不忘说上一句:“真不错!我已经感受到了。
谢谢你,小伙子。
”我心里洋溢着一种从未有过的感觉。
③很快我就发觉自己变了。
从我紧闭着小门的房间里,常常传出阿尔德·舒罗德的基本练习曲。
虽然妹妹还像以前那样,敲敲门,装出一副可怜的样子说:“求求你,饶了我吧!”我却已经不在乎了。
练琴时,我站得很直,两臂累得又酸又痛,汗水也湿透了衬衣,但是我绝不坐在椅子上练习。
在以前,我可是坐着练的。
④就这样,每天清晨我都到小树林里,________地练琴:而我那位特殊的“听众”,那位耳聋的老人,也总是..早早地坐在木椅子上等我,看我拉琴。
她说,我的琴声能给她带来欢乐和幸福;我呢,在她面前,________、一丝不苟地拉着每一支曲子,仿佛她真的能听到我的琴声。
⑤我一直保守着这个秘密,直到有一天,我的一曲《月光》奏鸣曲让专修音乐的妹妹大吃一惊。
妹妹追问我得到了哪位名师的指点。
我告诉她:“是一位老太太,就住在靠近小山的那座楼里,非常瘦,满头白发,不过--她是个聋子。
”“聋子?!”妹妹惊叫起来,仿佛我在讲天方夜谭,“聋子?!多么荒唐!她是音乐学院最有声望的教授,而且曾是乐团的首席小提琴手,前天还在指导我们排练呢。
她怎么会是聋子?”⑥我一下子明白了什么,心中充满了对老人的感激与崇敬。
从此,每天早晨,我仍然早早地来到小树林里,面对我这位特殊的听众,这位“耳聋”的音乐家,轻轻调好琴弦,拉起一支支优美的曲子。
我用心感受着,仿佛听到了老人在用她的心演奏着真正的音乐,那美妙的音符从她心中缓缓流淌,充满了整个小树林,充满了我的整个身心。
⑦后来,我成了一名真正的小提琴手,有了面对成百上千的观众演奏小提琴的机会,但是,每当此时,我总是不由得想起我那位特殊..的听众,那位“耳聋”的音乐家。
7、根据文意为文中空白处选择恰当的词语,它们的字母依次为________________。
(4分)A.幽静B.坚持不懈 C平静 D.信心十足8、本文的记叙顺序是__________(2分)9、本文所写事情的起因是:________________________________________________;结果是:_____________________________________________________。
(4分)10、本文第③段具体写了“我”的变化,这些变化表明“我”比以前________和________了。
(用两个词语概括作答)(4分)11、结合文意,解释两个“特殊”的含义。
(4分)第②段中加点的“特殊”:_________________________________________________。
第⑦段中加点的“特殊”:_________________________________________________。
12、本文第②段中画横线的语句使用了什么修辞方法?有怎样的表达作用?(4分)修辞方法:___________________________________________。
表达作用:___________________________________________。
13、本文第④段中加点的“总是”有怎样的表达作用?(2分)_____________________________________________________________________。
14、说说第⑥段中画横线的句子的含义。
(2分)____________________________________________________________________(二)北池,当冻土浮露黑色,微微有一些潮湿的时候,土仍然坚硬,而草芽已经钻了出来。
人实在无法想象,柔软像纸一样的草,怎么能钻透泥土的封锁?想不出像水洗过一样新鲜的草,怎样渡过漫长的冬天。
草在出生的时候,抱紧身体,宛如一根针,像对土地恳求:我不会占太多的地方。
而它出生的土地,总是黑黑的,这是它的产床。
黑色总是令人感动,如同泪水盈满了土地的眼眶。
草是绿色的火,在风和雨水里蔓延。
一丛、一丛的,不觉中连成一片。
在草的生命辞典里,没有孤独、自杀、清高、颓唐这些词语,它们尽最大的努力活着,日日夜夜,长长的绿袖子密密麻麻写的全是:生长。
青草出生的土地,散发着草的汗香。
惠特曼说,草"是一种统一的象形文字,它的意思乃是:在宽广的地方和狭窄的地方都一样发芽,在黑人和白人中都一样生长。
"面对着草,能体会着谦卑的力量、贫贱的力量、民主的力量。
这些观念像草一样,在静默中,分分秒秒生长。
"现在,它对于我,好像是坟墓中的未曾修剪的美丽的头发。
"(惠特曼)齐白石在晚年也说过:让我的坟头青草茂盛。
这句话也如一句诗。
他们--这些洞悉人生的大师,都穿越了死亡之门,看到草的生生不息。
坟上青草,是生与死的美丽的结合。
齐白石平静地说出这话的时候,仿佛看到了自己墓庐的绿意绵绵,而把死忘记了。
如惠特曼说的"这最小的幼芽显示出实际上并无所谓死……生一出现,死就不复存在了"惠特曼的诗中无数次出现过草,而且他的"话语像草一样朴实"。
在他笔下,在密西西比、黑奴、巴门洛克、精神、流动、气概这些汹涌的词汇中,草叶蓬勃地长出来,缠绕着这些词,如同花坏,散发芳香。
15、第一第二自然段描写了草的哪两种品质?(4分)16、草的生命辞典里,没有孤独、自杀、清高、颓唐这些词语,那么,你认为阅读全文后草应该有哪些与这些词语相对应的词语?请把它们写出来(3个以上)。
(6分)17、"在宽广的地方和狭窄的地方都一样发芽,在黑人和白人中都一样生长"中的两个"一样"表明了草的什么特性?(2分)18、请写出第二部分(第四第五自然段)的中心意思。
(2分)作文部分(30分)(1)从____________________________做起(2)把____________________________带给____________________________要求:①从上面两个作文题中选择一个,完成这个文题。
②写一篇600字左右文体不限的文章。