交互英语 读写译Book one 翻译unit1-5 第四版

新时代交互英语（第四版）读写译4课本翻译答案（部分）第一单元：1. nothing new2. abolish the practice.3. is concerned about4. adapt himself to5. so that I wrote a book about it6. isn't driven by poverty alone but by habit as well7. are freshmen permitted8. In the long run第二单元：1. he points to the people who spurred him on2. applied to transfer to3. hanging around the chemistry lab with "three or four friends"4. but watch out for those wires第三单元：1. When you compare students of equivalent intellectual aptitude and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.2. By contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.3. It then measures the idea of willpower, through such questions as whether people feel they have been fairly successful in life or usually pursue goals with great energy.4. Those low in hope tend to become fixated on one goal and persist even when they find themselves blocked... They just stay at it and get frustrated.第四单元：1. As 1999 drew to a close, two weeks of continuous rain drummed down the sides of the Avila Mountains in northern Venezuela.2. The soil was so saturated that landslides and mudflows slid down the mountain, washing away towns, dams, and bridges and claiming thousands of lives.3. By far, most of the victims---about ninety-eight percent---were in the poorest nations.4. By contrast, industrialized nations incorporate weather predictions into their emergency preparedness efforts.5. Every nation would benefit from more systematic studies and observations of weather phenomena.第五单元：1. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.2. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep.3. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see.4. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, what would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?5. Your eyes would touch and embrace every object that came within your range of vision.第六单元：1. take into account that Americans read text from left to right2. insists on preserving some of her Korean art concepts3. could be adapted slightly4. which are heavy with Western graphic notions Or: and they are heavy with Werstern graphic nitions1. 我遇到许多巨大的挑战，使我不得不为了保持自己的东方身份奋力挣扎。

第一单元：1. nothing new2. abolish the practice.3. is concerned about4. adapt himself to5. so that I wrote a book about it6. isn't driven by poverty alone but by habit as well7. are freshmen permitted8. In the long run第二单元：1. he points to the people who spurred him on2. applied to transfer to3. hanging around the chemistry lab with "three or four friends"4. but watch out for those wires第三单元：1. When you compare students of equivalent intellectual aptitude and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.2. By contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.3. It then measures the idea of willpower, through such questions as whether people feel they have been fairly successful in life or usually pursue goals with great energy.4. Those low in hope tend to become fixated on one goal and persist even when they find themselves blocked... They just stay at it and get frustrated.第四单元：1. As 1999 drew to a close, two weeks of continuous rain drummed down the sides of the Avila Mountains in northern Venezuela.2. The soil was so saturated that landslides and mudflows slid down the mountain, washing away towns, dams, and bridges and claiming thousands of lives.3. By far, most of the victims---about ninety-eight percent---were in the poorest nations.4. By contrast, industrialized nations incorporate weather predictions into their emergency preparedness efforts.5. Every nation would benefit from more systematic studies and observations of weather phenomena.第五单元：1. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.2. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep.3. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see.4. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, what would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?5. Your eyes would touch and embrace every object that came within your range of vision.第六单元：1. take into account that Americans read text from left to right2. insists on preserving some of her Korean art concepts3. could be adapted slightly4. which are heavy with Western graphic notions Or: and they are heavy with Werstern graphic nitions1. 我遇到许多巨大的挑战，使我不得不为了保持自己的东方身份奋力挣扎。

Unit Four Not Child’s Play1. Learning ObjectivesIn this unit, you will learn how to:•distinguish between facts and opinions•locate the argument that the writer is making•write business letters (to be learnt by yourself)•understand the appropriate types of address required in business letters (to be learnt by yourself) •translate advertisements (to be learnt by yourself)•read newspapers and magazines (to be learnt by yourself)2. Important Words & Expressions1) Choose one word from word pool below to complete every sentence best:equivalent arbitrary creep compel applaud①Alangir says he _____________ the international attention showered on the children of hiscommunity.②As light ____________ into the sky, his eyes scour the heaps of garbage, zeroing in on the recyclabletreasures.③Here, reality has long ____________ children to earn, even when parents aspirefor their youngsters to be schooled.④The Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime,and ____________ abuse.⑤Nike’s overseas workers need to make the ____________ of at least $3 a dayto cover their basic food, shelter, and clothing needs.2)The following phrases and sentence patterns are closely related to the topic of Child Labour. Please translate:He would toughen the health and safety standards in the factories, to bring them in line with standards in the United States.He would crack down on the use of child labor.There is both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight’s initiati ve.Many workers at plants turning out shoes for Nike and other international companies spend their days inhaling dangerous fumes.its overseas workers make wretched, below-subsistence wages.It’s not the minimum age that needs raising, it’s the minimum w age.well below the subsistence levels in those countriesThe Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse.Deeply impoverished workers were willing, even eager, to take their places on assembly lines and work for next to nothing.found herself demoted from team leader on an assembly line to cleaning the factory’s toiletsto reshape its public imagekeeps a sharp eye onrises with the crows and goes foraging in the city’s trash dumpshis eyes scour the heaps of garbage, zeroing in on the recyclable treasuresChild labor is nothing new to India. It has long been illegal, and there have been several efforts by the government to abolish the practice.armed with a multimillion dollar grant from the German government, has been trying to coax kids like Mohammed out of the labor pool and into schoolBy comparison, one in five children in Africa work, representing 17 percent of the region’s work force.Some children’s advocates in India, argue that kids will be relieved fr om work only if their families can make a decent living without them.Reality has long compelled children to earn, even when parents aspire for their youngsters to be schooled.One way out, would be to offer these families loans to start small businesses.We don’t want to give monetary incentives, arguing that child labor isn’t driven by poverty alone but by habit as well.In the long run, this sacrifice they make will be offset by the long-term returns that a child who has gone to school fetches.He applauds the international attention showered on the children of his community. But, neither moral outrage nor foreign funds for schools and clinics can abolish child labor unless there are some fundamental changes in the Indian economy.We have to wean ourselves from it slowly. The issue of child labor was never on the agenda.3. Text Structure and Analysis1) Warming up questions:•What aspect of child labour is addressed in Reading 1?•And how is it illustrated?2) Text analysisPart Ⅰ: Paras. 3 – 5Background: Philip Knight, Nike’s chairman and chief executive,made the announcement to improve the conditions in its overseas factories.While the author’s attitude and comment toward it: ( satirical and negative)“ … not be too quick to canonize Nike.”“ … both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight’s initiative.”Part Ⅱ: Paras. 3 – 5Main idea: If Knight keeps his promise, there would be a great advance in health and safetystandards of child labourers, and a big decrease in child labours.The author described the promisewith 2 subjunctive mood sentences: “ … would be a great advance.” (S1,Para. 3)“ … would bring …” (S1,Para. 4)as “ … are likely to ...” (S2,Para. 3)“ a smokescreen.” (S2,Para. 5)So, It won’t be a true promise.Part Ⅲ: Paras. 6 – 8Main idea: The biggest problem with Nike is that its overseas workers make wretched, below-subsistence wage.In this part, the author fired a direct attack on Nike’s problem. Look at all the blaming words: “You have to keep a close eye on him at all times. (S2,Para. 6)“It’s not the minimum age, … it’s the minimum wage.” (S4,Para. 6)“No wonder Knight has billions.” (S1,Para. 7)“ Nike hasn’t been listening.” (S3,Para. 8)Part Ⅳ: Paras. 9 – 11Main idea: The Nike’s current strategy is to reshape its public image while doing as little as possible for the workers.This part is to expose Nike’s real purpose of trumpeting by contrasting a recent pay increase said by Nike with what its Indonesian workers actually receive.A rhetorical question adds power to revelation:●“ Does anyone think it was an accident that ...?” (S2,Para. 11)Part Ⅴ: Paras. 12 – 14Main idea: Nguyen, a Vietnamese worker, revealed the application of corporal punishment in the factories and other working conditions, and correspondingly was forced to resign.A real person’s example is given to show Nike’s abuse.Part Ⅵ: Paras. 3 – 5Conclusion: Though Nike’s efforts to reshape image, it is true that its working condition needs to be improved.4. Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions1)Facts are often communicated as simple statements.e.g. In Indonesia, the pay is less than $1 a day. (S6, Para. 6, Reading 1)2) A statement of opinion can be presented as a fact if it is backed up by evidence to support it.Advertisements sometimes use this technique. It is up to the reader or listener to assess how well founded the evidence is.3) When a fact is obviously debatable, the statement will sometimes include “safety clauses”such as“possibly” or “probably”.e.g. If Knight follows through in good faith on this promise, the working conditions in the factoriesare likely to improve …(S2, Para. 3, Reading 1)4) Where an opinion or viewpoint is not deliberately presented as a fact, there are clues to look out for.The use of conditionals (could, might, would) and signals of opinion (believe, opinion, think) are indicators that an opinion is being offered.e.g. Three dollars a day for Indonesia, China, and Vietnam would still be a tiny sum …(S2, Para. 8, Reading 1)5) There are quotes from statements made by people who were respected as authorities in their fields.They were made at times when all the information they had led people to believe that the statements were factually correct. Even some statements made by experts have been proved to be wrong, especially in science and technology when developments change what we know over time.6) In order to decide whether or not information might be biased towards one particular viewpoint, wewill also need to take account of the context in which the information is provided: for example, whether it is there to advertise, publicise or entertain, or merely to inform.7) Fact or opinion?①He announced that he independent organizations would be allowed to inspect the overseas factoriesthat make his company’s products, that he would toughen th e health and safety standards in the factories, … (S1, Para.2, Reading 1)②Even with the increase, the workers are making less than $1 a day. (S3, Para.9, Reading 1)③She said, that made her feel ashamed. (S3, Para.13, Reading 1)④Agency officials, however, have suggested that Alangir’s group seek that kind of funding elsewhere.(S1, Para.23, Reading 2)⑤India became the first country to sign on to the agency’s International Programmeon the Elimination of Child Labour two and a half years ago. (S1, Para.9, Reading 2)⑥Over the next three years, agency officials say they hope to relieve 30,000 kids from the labor poolby …(S1, Para.24, Reading 2)⑦On a good day, Mohammed, a spindly boy bursting with energy, brings home 15 rupees-acontribution vital to sustaining his family’s threadbare existence. (S2, Para.2, Reading 2)5. Locate the Argument that the Writer is MakingIn an argumentative essay you give your own opinion and then try to convince other people you are right with your reasons and examples.Before beginning to write an argumentative essay think about your own opinion and ask yourself:Do you have a strong opinion?What have other people said on the subject and do you think they are right?Is there any other evidence you can think of to support your views?To write an argumentative essay, use the following steps to help you:①Begin by introducing the debate topic in your own words. (Background)②Then write if you agree or disagree with the argument. (Plea)③Tell people why you hold that opinion and come up with ideas and examples to back up yourarguments. Most important ideas first and links between each idea so that the essay flowswell.④Think about why people might have a different opinion (objections) and try to show why theyare not important or they are not true. (Concession)⑤Conclude with a brief summary and try to make a strong last sentence that people willremember. For example Oprah Winfrey famously wr ote,“ I believe the choice to be excellentbegins with aligning (对准) your thoughts and words with the intention to require more fromyourself." The rest of the article maybe forgotten, but that strong sentence is remembered.7. Elements of Argument in Reading 1:Background：Nike tries to generate a lot of positive press.Plea：The positive press is a smokescreen. Nike needs to raise workers’ minimum wage, not minimum age.Concession: If Nike keeps his promise, there would be a great advance.8. Argumentative Writing PracticeIt is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.Background: _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________.Plea: _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________.Concession: ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________.Conclusion: ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________.9. Write Business LettersRead pp.83-85 for a general idea about how to write a business letters.10. Translate AdvertisementsRead pp.86-88 for some concerning translation strategy.11.Self-AssessmentNow please take some time to check your own preparation and progress. On a scale of 1 to 3, where 1 means “not at all”, 2 means “moderately well”,and 3 means “very well”, rate how well you mastered the goals of this unitGOALS LEVEL YOU MASTERED Identify and understand different purposes for reading 1 2 3Figure out the author’s attitude 1 2 3Get organized for classes 1 2 3Organize a study group 1 2 3Describe a chart 1 2 3Translate computer documents 1 2 3Your own goals 1 2 3。

Unit 1美国人认为没有人能停止不前。

如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。

这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。

时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。

人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。

”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。

我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。

时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。

时光一去不复返。

我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。

外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。

城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。

白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。

人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。

在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。

你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。

不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。

许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。

他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。

他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。

一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。

既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。

因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。

因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。

我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。

虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。