lecture 04
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第四讲多孔介质中的多相流动非水相液体 NAPL:非水相液体DNAPL:高密度的非水相液体 氯化溶剂煤焦油LNAPL:低密度的非水相液体 石油燃料典型NAPLs的密度四氯乙烯 四氯化碳 氯仿三氯乙烯二氯甲烷 煤焦油 二甲苯 甲苯苯汽油喷气燃料 柴油燃油不饱和、饱和介质中DNAPL四氯乙烯的实验室实验见图片XI.a :Friedrich Schwille, 1988. Dense Chlorinated Solvents in Porous and Fractured Media, Model Experiments. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.见图1:M.M. Poulsen and B.H. Kueper, 1992.A Field Experiment to Study the Behavior of Tetrachloroethylene in Unsaturated Porous Media. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 26, No. 5, Pp. 889‐895, May 1992.见图2:M.M. Poulsen and B.H. Kueper, 1992. A Field Experiment to Study the Behavior of Tetrachloroethylene in Unsaturated Porous Media. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 26, No. 5, Pp. 889‐895, May 1992.残余物和溶解的形成残余和蒸汽羽的形成典型残余饱和值残余饱和度 NAPL体积孔隙体积(没有量纲)物质 残余饱和度 三氯乙烯全氯乙烯汽油来源:良好的粗略猜测:风化玻璃“多孔介质”中的残余见图1:S.H. Conrad, J.L. Wilson, W.R. Mason, and W. J. Peplinski, 1992. Visualization of Residual Organic Liquid Trapped in Aquifers. Water Resources Research. Vo. 28, No. 2, Pp. 467‐ 478. February 1992.见:S.H. Conrad, J.L. Wilson, W.R. Mason, and W. J. Peplinski, 1992. Visualization of Residual Organic Liquid Trapped in Aquifers. Water Resources Research. Vo. 28, No. 2, Pp. 467‐478. February 1992.沙地多孔介质的残余见图5:S.H. Conrad, J.L. Wilson, W.R. Mason, and W. J. Peplinski, 1992. Visualization of Residual Organic Liquid Trapped in Aquifers. Water Resources Research. Vo. 28, No. 2, Pp. 467‐ 478. February 1992.见图6: S.H. Conrad, J.L. Wilson, W.R. Mason, and W. J. Peplinski, 1992. Visualization of Residual Organic Liquid Trapped in Aquifers. Water Resources Research. Vo. 28, No. 2, Pp. 467‐478. February 1992.四氯乙烯渗透到不饱和多孔介质见图XVIII.a 和b : Friedrich Schwille, 1988. Dense Chlorinated Solvents in Porous and Fractured Media, Model Experiments. Lewis Publishers,Chelsea, Michigan.少量的全氯乙烯释放后来:更多的全氯乙烯释放出来,全貌形成渗流区DNAPL渗透的形成见:Friedrich Schwille, 1988.Dense Chlorinated Solvents in Porous and Fractured Media, Model Experiments. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan.“溢出的问题”问题:“给定溢出发生在土壤表 面,对NAPL多长时间能 渗透到潜水面?”剩余饱 和度。
Lecture 4 Traditional Philosophies and Religion of China---Confucianism中国传统宗教文化与翻译---儒家思想Pre-class exercisesTranslate the following所以中国从前的忠孝、仁爱、信义种种旧道德,固然是驾乎外国人,说到和平的道理,更是驾乎外国人。
这种特别好的道德,便是我们的民族精神。
(《孙中山选集》684页)Lecture Notes一、儒教ConfucianismFour Books and Five Classics (四书五经): The Great Learning (《大学》), The Mean (《中庸》), Analects (《论语》), and Mencius (《孟子》); Book of Change (《易经》), Book of History (《尚书》), Book of Odes (《诗经》), Book of Rites (《礼记》), and Spring and Autumn Annals (《春秋》).1. 儒家代表人物Representatives of Confucianism1)孔子Confucius (551- 479 BC)2)孟子Mencius (372-289 BC)2. 儒家思想Concepts of Confucianism1)仁benevolence樊迟问仁,子曰“爱人”。
(《论语·颜渊》第二十二)Fan Chi asked about “ren”. Confucius said, “Love all men.” (周仪)唯仁者能好人,能恶人。
(《论语·里仁》第三)Only the man of ren knows how to like and dislike others.子曰:“知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。