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1.尽管家境贫寒，但那个男孩志存高远并梦想着有朝一日能获诺贝尔奖。
(Despite)Despite his poor family, the boy is ambitious and dreams of getting the Nobel Prize one/some day.2.那个刚被批评的女孩哭着跑了出去，根本不知道这样其实让她的父母更伤心。
(Out)Out rushed the boy who had just been criticized, crying and not knowing at all that in fact it made his parents sadder.奉贤区1.微风吹拂着她的头发，那小女孩注视着彩蝶在花海中飞舞。
（With…）With the breeze blowing through her hair, the little girl watched the colorful butterflies dancing in the sea of the flowers.2.他向朋友保证在任何情况下他都不会违背做一个诚实守信人的承诺。
（under nocircumstances ）He assured his friends that under no circumstances would he break the promise that he should/would be faithful/trustworthy and honest.3.正是高三的学习经历使我们相信无论过程多么艰难，我们的努力终将会得到回报。
（convince, pay off ）It was the learning experiences in Senior Three that convinced us that however hard the process was, our efforts would eventually pay off.虹口区1.如果你忘记通知他面试时间了该怎么办。
特殊结构、句型的综合翻译题I.强调1.正是这场沙尘暴(dust storm)的后果才使人们充分认识到植树的重要性。
(It…)It was the result of the dust storm that made people fully realize the importance of planting trees.2.直到20世纪后期，中国运动员才以他们在奥运会上的杰出表现让世界对他们刮目相看。
(begin to surprise the world)It was not until the late 20th century that Chinese athletes began to surprise the world by their outstanding performances at the Olympics.3.我做梦也没有想到会在这次的化学竞赛中获一等奖。
(Little…)Little have I dreamed of wining the first prize in the Chemistry contest this time.4.我们只有从这件事中吸取教训才能避免再犯类似的错误。
(Only…)Only by learning a lesson from this can we avoid making the similar mistakes again.5.从来没有一个国家能在这样短的时间内取得这样大的进步。
(Never…)Never before can any country make such great progress in such a short time.6.一个人不经历失败几乎体会不到成功的喜悦。
(Hardly…)Hardly can one feel the happiness of success if he never experiences failure.7.学生只有通过一起学习和玩耍，才能学会具有团队精神(team spirit)。
关于汉语中几种特殊句型的翻译汉语中几种特殊句型的翻译分析了这些句型的特点,归纳了翻译这些句型的基本技巧。
汉语中有些常见句型,如是字句、得字句、把字句、搞字句等,其翻译没有、也不可能有固定的公式可以套用,如汉语的判断词是不一定总是翻译成英语的系动词be。
但是,通过纷繁的译例,我们仍然可以探索出翻译这些句型的有效方法和策略。
(一) 是字句的翻译: 是字句在汉语中占有相当的比例,但并非所有的是都是判断词,因此不能机械地用英语的连系动词be 来翻译,必须结合语境含义译之。
汉语中的是可表示等同、类属、特征、存在等意义; 是的含有被动意义;与才、就、正等连用表示强调; 是还可以表示一种直观表象或结果。
下面介绍一些是字句的翻译方法。
1. 译为英语连系动词be---改革是振兴中国的唯一出路,是人心所向,大势所趋,不可逆转。
Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized, a process which isirreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events. ---那年月,有钱人是天天过年。
In those years, the rich people s extravagance was such that everyday was a SpringFestival.---是党和政府的正确方针和政策,促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。
It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted theeconomic prosperity of China s vast rural areas.2. 省略是字---武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市,是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。
宾语前置句动词可以带宾语，介词也可以带宾语，在文言文中，宾语前置是有条件的。
一、动词宾语前置文言文中动词宾语前置，大致有以下四种种情况：（一）否定句中，代词作宾语。
否定句中动词的宾语如果是代词，这个代词宾语一般要放在动词的前面，这是古汉语特有的用法。
1、动词前面有“不”“未”“弗”“无”等否定副词的否定句。
在这种否定句里，动词的宾语如果是代词，一般放在动词的前面2、古之人不余欺也。
（《石钟山记》）译文：“古时候的人没有欺骗我呀。
”这是个否定句。
动词前面有否定副词“不”，代词宾语“余”，放在动词“欺”的前面。
翻译的时候应该按现代汉语的顺序，即“古之人不欺余也”。
忌不自信。
（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）译文：“邹忌不相信自己（比他漂亮）。
”这是个否定句。
动词前面有否定副词“不”，代词宾语“自”，放在动词“信”的前面。
翻译时应该按现代汉语的顺序，即“忌不信自”。
3、以否定性无定代词作主语的否定句。
在这类否定句中，动词的宾语如果是代词一般也要放在动词的前面。
三岁贯汝，莫我肯顾。
（《硕鼠》）这是否定句。
它的主语是“莫”“莫”是否定性无定代词。
宾语“我”也是代词，现代汉语“莫我肯顾”应理解成“莫肯顾我”。
（二）疑问句中，代词作宾语，放在动词谓语前。
在古代汉语里，使用频率大的疑问代词是“何”字，其他的还有“谁、孰、恶、安、焉、胡、奚、曷”等，它们作宾语时，也放在动词谓语前面。
①良问曰：“大王来何操？”（〈鸿门宴〉）译文：“张良问道：‘大王来时带什么了吗？’”这是疑问句，“何”是疑问代词，它充当动词“操”的宾语，前置到“操”的前面。
按现代汉语的顺序，应是“大王来操何？”②沛公安在？（〈鸿门宴〉）译文：“沛公在哪里？”这是疑问句，“哪里：是疑问代词，它是动词在“的”宾语，前置到“操“的前面。
按现代汉语的顺序，应是“沛公在安？”（三）用“之”把宾语提到动词前，以加重语气。
这种现象古汉语并不多见。
如：句读之不知，惑之不解。
（韩愈《师说》）译文：“不懂得断句，不明白疑难问题……”句中的“句读”，“惑”都是要强调的宾语，动词是“知”、“解”。
英语特殊结构的句型比较固定，在纷杂的英语句子中找出一些普遍性和代表性的规律，对理解或翻译颇有裨益。
在尊重汉语习惯表达方式的前提下，如何将英语特殊结构译成准确的汉语，是提高翻译水平的关键问题之一。
1、倒装句英语倒装句，无论是完全倒装，还是部分倒装，都与汉语的语序有差异，翻译时应尊重汉语习惯，将句子理顺。
例：Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.铁锤一落，火星四溅。
（原句为完全倒装。
）2、强调句翻译好强调句的关键在于掌握好强调句型（It is…that/who/which/…）。
应注意该句型与主语从句意义上的差异。
例：1）It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.只有不同寻常的人才能远离经济重压，才能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上一样。
（该句强调an unusual person,在译文中用"只有"两字体现出来。
）试比较主语从句：We had a lot of fun at the beach.It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我们在海滩上玩得很开心，美中不足的是乔治的脚被一块玻璃割破了。
（句中的It为形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。
a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只苍蝇，喻美中不足。
）3、被动语态英语被动语态使用比较多，尤其是科技论文中特别突出，这与汉语形成鲜明的对照。
在汉语表达中，主动语态比被运语态用得更普遍些。
因此，在进行英译汉时，最好能尊重汉语习惯，将英文被动句转换在汉语主动句。
英语四级特殊句型如何翻译改革后的翻译是英语四六级考试的又一重难点，也是让考生最头疼的内容，它除了需要我们有一定的词汇积累，也需要我们了解一些常考的句型以及固定搭配，为了方便考生复习，学习拉为大家整理出英语四级翻译必胜的原则一、定语从句可以采取顺势断句译法如：Before I went ，all the partcipants in the scheme were given a short list of words that are in commom use in the UK which Americans would either be confused by or would even offend them。
可以将这个定语从句，拆成两个单独的句子，中间通过重复英语中的先行词，将断开的句子连接起来。
译文：在我动身之前，我们这个项目所有的参与者都得到一小份单词表，上面列出某些在英国通用，而在美国则可能引起他们误解，甚至冒犯他们的词汇。
再如：Working for President Ronald Reagan，Mr。
Bush was a silent and subservient vice president，∥a former rival ∥who gave himself the task of proving his loyalty∥by staying in the background and never ∥speaking out when his beliefs differed from those of his boss。
这本来是一个很长的句子，有定语从句，又有插入语，信息量也较多。
如果不进行合理断句，很难在短时间内把所有信息，完全通顺的翻译出来。
经过断句后，这个定语从句可以采用顺序驱动的方法。
译文：布什先生为里根总统效力时，是一份缄默顺从的副总统，他以前曾是里根的竞争对手，当了副总统以后，他要证实自己对里根的忠诚：他尽量不抛头露面突出自己，在即的观点与上司相左时，他总是把话放到肚子里。
1. 当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。
（choice）【答案】At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/ traveler (for help).【解析】这里考查的是have/had no choice but to do sth.句型，意为“除了做……别无选择”，一定要注意，在这个句型中but要加to do不定式。
2. 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。
(No longer)【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education.【解析】这里考查的是no longer位于句首的倒装结构；与......保持联系 keep in touch with...。
3. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。
(…it…)【答案】I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.【解析】本句可以翻译为两种句型，如果加上括号中的is，则理解为动词find后跟宾语从句；如果不加is，则考察句型find+形式宾语it+adj.+to do sth.真正的宾语是to do不定式。
除find外，常用的动词还有think，consider等。
4. 学校董事会没有批准这一提案，也没有做出任何解释。
（nor）【答案】The school board did not approve the proposal nor did they make any explanation/give the reasonfor doing so.【解析】本题重点测试nor这个否定词引导的句子需用部分倒装结构。
Special Translate English1. · 1.Do you have a family?正确译文:你有孩子吗?2.It's a good father that knows his son.就算是最好的父亲,也未必了解自己的儿子.3.I have no opinion of that sort of man.我对这类人很反感.4.She put 5 dollars into my hand,"you have been a great man today."她把5美圆塞到我手上说:"你今天表现得很好."5.I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.我是最小的儿子,但是我还有两个妹妹.6.The picture flattered her.她比较上照.7.The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.她杂那个国家水土不服,所以回到了英国.8. He is a walking skeleton.他很瘦.9.The machine is in repair.机器已经修好了.10.He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜了父子的亲情，最终宣布儿子有罪.11.You don't know what you are talking about.你在胡说八道.12.You don't begin to understand what they mean.你根本不知道他们在干嘛.don't begin ：决不13.They didn't praise him slightly.他们大大地表扬了他.14.That's all I want to hear.我已经听够了.15.I wish I could bring you to see my point.你要我怎么说你才能明白呢.16.You really flatter me.你让我受宠若惊.17.He made a great difference.有他没他结果完全不一样.18.You cannot give him too much money.你给他再多的钱也不算多.19.The long exhausting trip proved too much.这次旅行矿日持久,我们都累倒了.20.The monk is only not a dead man.这个和尚虽然活着,但跟死了差不多.21.A surgeon made a cut in the patient's stomach.外科医生在病人胃部打了个洞.22.You look darker after the holiday.你看上去更健康了.23.As luck would have it, he was caught by the teacher again.不幸的是,他又一次被老师逮个正着.24.She held the little boy by the right hand.她抓着小男孩的右手.(这里"by"与"with"动作主语完全相反.)25.Are you there?等于句型:Do you follow me?26.If you think he is a good man, think again.如果你认为他是好人,那你就大错特错了.27.She has blue eyes.她长着双蓝眼睛.28.That took his breath away.他大惊失色.29.Two is company but three is none.两人成伴,三人不欢.30.The elevator girl reads between passengers.开电梯的姑娘在没有乘客时看书."between"="without":相同用法:She modeled between roles.译成:她不演戏时去客串下模特.31.Students are still arriving.学生还没有到齐.32.I must notstay here and do nothing.我不能什么都不做待在这儿.33.They went away as wise as they came.译文：他们一无所获.34.I won’t do it to save my life.译文：我死也不会做.35.Nonsense, I don’t think his painting is any better than yours.译文：胡说，我认为他的画比你好不到哪去.36.Traditionally, Italian presidents have been seen and not heard.译文：这个总统有名无权.37.Better late than the late.译文：迟到总比丧命好.38.You don’t want to do that.译文：你不应该去做。
英语特殊结构的翻译技巧（1）英语特殊结构的句型比较固定，在纷杂的英语句子中找出一些普遍性和代表性的规律，对理解或翻译颇有裨益。
在尊重汉语习惯表达方式的前提下，如何将英语特殊结构译成准确的汉语，是提高翻译水平的关键问题之一。
1．倒装句英语倒装句，无论是完全倒装，还是部分倒装，都与汉语的语序有差异，翻译时应尊重汉语习惯，将句子理顺。
例：1）Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks．铁锤一落，火星四溅。
（原句为完全倒装。
）2）Shot by the guerrillas were two entirely innocent tourists．被游击队打死的是两个无辜的游客。
（原句为完全倒装。
）3）Not until the jet engine had come into use could planes travel at supersonic speeds．直到使用喷气发动机之后，飞机才能以超音速飞行。
（原句为部分倒装。
）4）All the engineers could do was bridge it，and that was a hell of a job．But bridge it they did ，and only in twenty-four hours．工程师们所做的就是架桥，这可是一项艰苦的工作。
但是他们却架起了桥，而且只花了24小时。
（倒装句的主动词提前，因句中无情态动词，所以根据其时态加了did，翻译时不必译出。
）5）No matter what measure they took，in no sense could the overflowing tide be controlled．无论采取什么措施，外流的潮流都无法控制。
6）Not only are the different situations arising in practice too numerous，but the technical capacity of the contractors is too uneven to admit of any advice at a distance．这不仅由于实践中出现的情况五花八门，而且施工者的技术能力参差不齐，不可能考虑在远距离外提出任何建议。
英语特殊句型的翻译（惯用法结构）I. it作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型的翻译。
1. She had said what it was necessary to say.2. It is no time for me to hide anything.3. It is not common for him to receive letters.4. How was it possible for so great a commerce to flourish?5. It is not supposed to be easy for women to rise to the height oftaking the large free view of anything—anything which calls for action.6. Make it the first object to be able to fix and hold your attentionupon your studies.7. The fog made it difficult to calculate the distance.8. Rumor has it that there will be war.9. I have heard it remarked by a statesman of high reputation thatmost great men have died of overeating themselves.II. 强调句型的翻译1. It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.2. It is to men like Edison that we should be grateful.3. It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.4. Yet it is not he who sings loudest and jokes most that has thelightest heart.5. He is an interpreter, one whose duty it is to act as a bridge orchannel between the minds of his readers.III. “all+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself”的译法1. He was all gentleness to her.2. While she was waiting for the tinkling of the bell, all nerves,suddenly he stood before her.3. To his superiors, he is humility itself.4. Washington was discretion itself in the use of speech, nevertaking advantage of an opponent, or seeking a short-lived triumph in a debate.IV. 利用词汇重复表示强调的翻译。
