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高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
1. Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
高级英语修辞总结HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】Rhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
二、隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
三、Allusion（暗引）其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。
引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。
高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things精品文库better.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。
高英修辞Lesson 11. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)3. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile4. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)5. Rcihelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. ---- …the6. We can batten down and ride it out. -----metaphor7. Everybody out the back door to the cars!—ellipsis (省略)8. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. -----simile9. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point-----transferred epithet移就10. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile Lesson 41.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operativeventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis2.Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)3.All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—allusion 引典; climax递进4. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can dofor you; ask what you can do for your country.—antithesis, regression回环5.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. ----parallelism6.Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike….—alliteration7.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or i11, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ----parallelism; alliteration8.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. ----antithesis对句9.If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. -----antithesis10. …to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. ---repetition11. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…----metaphor12. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us -----antithesis13.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.-----metaphor14. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. -----extended metaphor15. …to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak…----metaphor16.With a good conscience o ur only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds -----parallelismLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about thenaughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting”sheik”, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to—metaphor the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and”Puritanical”gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to giveall to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification, metonymy ,synecdoche。
高级英语修辞
高级英语修辞是指在语言运用中使用更加复杂、精细和富有表现力的修辞手法，以达到更高的艺术效果和言语魅力。
以下是一些常见的高级英语修辞手法：
1. 比喻：用一个事物来形容另外一个事物，从而表现出它们之间的相似性。
2. 拟人：将非人的事物拟人化，赋予其人类的行为和品质，以表现出更加生动的形象。
3. 排比：采用连结词将一系列相似的词语或短语排列起来，以强调它们之间的关系。
4. 反复句：在句子中重复使用相同的词组或结构，以强调其中的某个关键点，从而达到增强语言表现力的目的。
5. 借代：用一个字来代替另一个字或一组字，以达到一定的修辞目的。
6. 比较修辞：通过比较来突出某一个方面的特点或优越性。
7. 省略：在句子中省略一些词语或语法结构，以增强句子的简洁度和艺术感染力。
这些技巧可以有助于你在英语写作和口语中达到更高的表达能力。
英语中的修辞手法1.明喻(Simile)明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。
例如：●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushedsintoshis wrinkled face.●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。
)●Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.（正如爬山，我们费力爬上三英尺，又掉下去两英尺。
）I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻，把德国士兵比作蝗虫，因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。
)2.暗喻(Metaphor)暗喻也是一种比喻，但不用比喻词，因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。
它直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上，从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
例如：●What will parents do without the electronic baby-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆，父母该怎么办呢？)形象地说明了电视机的保姆功用。
●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风，而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②Most American remember M. T. as the father of...（2）metaphor 暗喻①the last this intermezzo came to an end…②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...④main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑤All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑥When railroads began drying up the demand...⑦...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑧Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑨Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑩The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑪and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑫I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑬I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.⑭The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.⑮I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.⑯We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head（5）personification 拟人①...to literature's enduring gratitude...②The grave world smiles as usual...③Bitterness fed on the man...④America laughed with him.⑤Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.（7）hyperbole 夸张①If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.②...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...③The cast of characters... - a cosmos.④America laughed with him.⑤The trial that rocked the world⑥His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to expresssomething different from and often opposite to theirliteral meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan②… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remarkintended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①There is some doubt about that.（12）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.二、结构修辞格（13）antithesis 对比①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…②"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below③...between what people claim to be and what they really are.④...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⑤...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever（14）rhetorical question 修辞疑问句①Was I not at the scene of the crime?②Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?③In what conceivable way does our car concern you?三、音韵修辞格（15）头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
高级英语修辞手法总结(常考)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：英语修辞手法1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如:1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。
比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
例如:1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝Mozart的音乐.6.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）7.Hyperbole 夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如:1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Parallelism 排比, 平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.例如:1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:1>.He is out visiting the necessary.?? 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）10.Allegory 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。
英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如:1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑11.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如:1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.12.Pun 双关双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如:1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.13.Parody 仿拟这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.例如:1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问（反问）它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.例如:1>.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?2>.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.例如:1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.2>.You are staying; I am going.3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.16.Paradox 隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..例如:1>.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达2>.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。
