2010年中南大学英语翻译基础真题答案

1.译文应完全复写出原作的思想。

译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同。

译文应和原作同样流畅。

2.首先，翻译是一门科学，它需要对事实的认知、核查，需要懂得描述这些事实的语言---- 错误的内容，错误的事实，应该得以鉴别。

第二，翻译是一种技巧，它需要恰当的语言和约定俗成的用法。

第三，翻译是一门艺术，它识优辨劣，是一种创造性的、凭直觉的，有时是闪烁灵感的翻译。

最后，翻译是一种风格，它弥合了分歧，显示了个人的偏爱，形形色色精彩纷呈的译文折射了译者的特点。

（纽马克）第三节：the Milky Way（银河）直译为"牛奶路"；the apple of my eye(珍爱物；珍爱之人，宝贝)直译成"我眼的苹果"；"Every dog has its day."译为"每只狗都有它的日子"（正确的译法应为"人人皆有得意之日"）。

"When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war."译作"张飞杀岳飞，杀得满天飞"（正确译法应为"两雄相遇，其斗必烈"）；Solomon(所罗门，古以色列国国王大卫之子，以智慧著称)意译成"诸葛亮"；Spring, the sweet spring, is the year's pleasant king意译为"春，甘美之春，一年之中的尧舜"。

他喜欢喝矿泉水。

他父亲是个巫医。

那位老人不喝烈性酒。

我敬爱的父亲辞世了。

我家老头翘辨了。

千条汉子易共处，两个婆娘难相容。

趁热打铁。

亲身父母。

把他加上，名单上的人就全了。

从历史上看，城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分。

（读书可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。

）读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确．The ageless won’t g row old.Y ou sail with your young bride.Love will warm winter cold.Spring will ever abide.鳄鱼的眼泪；假慈悲（意译）连锁反应一石二鸟充耳不闻浑水摸鱼颠倒黑白三思而后行言传不如身教（好事不出门），坏事传千里说比做来得容易Market-oriented economyTo offer timely helpTo drain a pond to catch all the fishMore haste, less speedTo strike while the iron is hot喉结倾盆大雨掌上明珠，宝贝，珍爱之物空中楼阁笑掉大牙大海捞针进退两难，骑虎难下，进退维谷趾高气扬入乡随俗是摊牌的时候了To take advantage of every weaknessA life of luxury and dissipationDiamond cuts diamond.She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth.Is she really good-looking? But beauty is in the eye of the beholder. （音译、加注略）孤注一掷不伦不类以德报怨内奸一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。

2010年湖南大学英语翻译基础真题答案I．Term Translation1.Chinese to English1) three represents theory (The Party should always represent the development needs ofChina's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward direction ofChina 's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests the vastmajority of the people.2) Keep Up With the Times3) The ability of independent innovation4) Ruling the country by virtue5) scientific outlook (thinking) on development6) <名> mortgage slave, mortgage burden；a slave to one\'s mortgage抵押借款的奴隶7) issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers；Issues of agriculture, farmer andrural area8) pyramid selling9) service-oriented government10) Economical Housing. - Housing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get themaffordable shelters.；economical and practical property11) people oriented；people foremost12) subprime crisis13) construction of a clean and honest administration14) spiritual civilization -- intellectual and moral qualities; a civilization which is culturally andideologically advanced; a civilization with a high cultural and ideological level; cultural and ideological progress; advanced culture and ethics:Promote the daily progress of our culture level;促进精神文明raise the level of our cultural life; build a civilization with a high cultural and ideological level建设精神文明15) The rise of central China2. English to Chinese16) 外交关系正常化17) 劳资纠纷18) 不可再生资源19) 贫富差距20) 网络恐怖主义21) 泡沫经济22) 温室气体23) 智囊团24) 知识产权25) 石油换食品计划26) n. <医>炭疽(病)；炭疽脓疱27) 太平洋带状地区rim: （圆形器皿的）边，缘，框；轮缘。

2010英语真题手译text1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope andseriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint wasdirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press."So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism," Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define 'journalism' as 'a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.'"Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.Text2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious.The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C.Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.Text3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor.Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.Text 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters.Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement.Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong.Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive.Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.。

2005英译汉Nearly 20 years ago, Amory Lovins first advocated energy efficiency rather than increasing energy supplies, Seen then as a gadfly, he now advises industry and government on the cost benefits of conservation, based on research at his Rocky Mountain Institute. For example, over its lifetime each fluorescent bulb adds 1,000 kilograms less carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than an incandescent bulb and reduces electric bills.差不多20年前，艾默利洛温斯第一次倡导提高能源的使用效率，而不是增加能源供应量。

那时候，他被看成是一只牛虻，很讨厌。

根据他在落基山研究院的的研究，他又给工厂和政府在环境保护的成本效益方面提出了建议。

例如：终其一生，使用荧光灯向空气中排放的二氧化碳要比使用日光灯少近1000千克，并且能减少电费。

2005汉译英多数事情是不能没有朋友而独自享受，但是阅读却是可以的。

当我们独自坐在家中时，我们能漫游世界，并且能够明白成千上万种事情产生的道理。

我们生活在，却能与生活在数千年前的人交谈。

读书能丰富我们的阅历：使我们能体验到别人对生活的感受，哪怕他们生活在千里之外，或数百年前。

Most times, we cannot enjoy something alone but except reading. When we sat home and read alone, we could travel around the world and understand the reasons of tens of thousands of things. We are living in the modern society but we can communicate with people, who lived thousands of years ago. Reading can enrich our experience and help us learn other people’s feeling, even if they lived a thousand miles away, or hundreds of years ago.2006英译汉……which seems to be almost universally understood: intelligence is an excellence of mind that is employed within a fairly narrow, immediate, and predictable range; it is a manipulative, adjustive, unfailingly practical quality-one of the most eminent and endearing of the animal virtues, Intelligence works within the framework of limited but clearly stated goals, and may be quick to shear away questions of thought that do not seem help in reaching them. Finally, it is of such universal use that it can daily be seen at work and admired aike by simple or complex minds.译文：这几乎被普遍接受----大脑的智力利用只局限于非常小的直接的可预测的范围。

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题湖南卷解析版第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）在这一节中，考生需要根据录音内容回答下列问题。

每段对话或独白你将听一遍。

1. W: What a beautiful dress you are wearing, Mary!M: Yeah, I bought it last week. It was on sale.Q: How did Mary get her dress?2. W: Are you too tired?M: Yeah, I hate traveling by train. I can never sleep well.Q: What does the man say about traveling by train?3. W: Lucy visited New York City last summer. She told me she had a great time there.M: That sounds fantastic. I wish I could visit New York City someday.Q: What did the man think of Lucy's trip to New York City?4. W: How was the movie you saw last night?M: It was awful. The plot was confusing and the acting was terrible.Q: What does the man think of the movie?5. W: Could you pass me the salt please?M: Sure. Here you go.Q: What is the man doing?第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）在这一节中，考生需要根据录音内容回答下列问题。

各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

百科写作·标准答案一、单项选择01. A左传原名为《左氏春秋》，汉代改称《春秋左氏传》，简称《左传》。

旧时相传是春秋末年左丘明为解释孔子的《春秋》而作。

02. C楚辞又称“楚词”，是战国时代的伟大诗人屈原创造的一种诗体。

作品运用楚地（今两湖一带）的文学样式、方言声韵，叙写楚地的山川人物、历史风情，具有浓厚的地方特色。

汉代时，刘向把屈原的作品及宋玉等人“承袭屈赋”的作品编辑成集，名为《楚辞》。

并成为继《诗经》以后，对我国文学具有深远影响的一部诗歌总集，并且是我国第一部浪漫主义诗歌总集。

03. D“颜”指颜真卿，“柳”指柳公权，“颜筋柳骨”是说他们二人的风格像筋骨那样挺劲有力而又有所差异。

04. B中国画术语。

是对吴道子人物画风格的概述。

吴道子（约686-760）是盛唐最杰出的画家，在宗教画上成就突出。

在用笔技法上，他创造了一种波折起伏、错落有致的“莼菜条”式的描法，加强了描摹对象的份量感和立体感，他突出了人体曲线和自然的结合，这种画风在后来的西方也有一定的影响。

所画人物、衣袖、飘带，具有迎风起舞的动势，故有“吴带当风”之称。

后人亦以之称美其高超画技与飘逸的风格。

05. A鸳鸯蝴蝶派是发端于20世纪初叶的上海“十里洋场”的一个文学流派。

他们最初热衷的题材是言情小说，写才子和佳人“相悦相恋，分拆不开，柳荫花下，像一对蝴蝶，一双鸳鸯”（《上海文艺之一瞥》），并因此得名而成为鸳鸯蝴蝶派。

这一派的早期代表作为徐枕亚的《玉梨魂》，是用四六骈俪加上香艳诗词而成的哀情小说。

06. C创造社是“五四”新文化运动初期成立的文学社团，是中国现代文学团体。

1921年7月中旬由留学日本归来的郭沫若、成仿吾、郁达夫、张资平、田汉、郑伯奇等人在日本东京成立。

07. C司马姓氏有三个来源。

中南大学考试试卷2005-2006学年一学期时间120分钟翻译理论与实践A卷课程64学时4学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：英语系03—1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8班总分100分，占总评成绩70%【Give your answers on ANSWER SHEET attached】I. Alternative Choice: 15 %1. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near.译文A：石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。

哪怕钻机打到石油边上，也可能找不到石油。

译文B：钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。

2．I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.译文A：事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃，或站着吃——换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。

译文B：我实在是一点规矩也没有。

只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着罐头吃，或是站着吃：反正怎么省事就怎么吃。

3.过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。

译文A：In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.译文B：In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard, pioneered and forged ahead, and made great achievements in the cause of China’s so cialist modernization.4. 直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着他的一只小鞋。

英语辅导专家贾洪伟⽼师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进⾏分析，2010考研英语英译汉⽂章属环保范畴，摘⾃利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在⽜津⼤学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“⼟地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。

本题⼲中，出题者也是动过“⼩⼿术”的，⽐如：第⼀段的原⽂是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

”，经过加⼯就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

中南大学考试试卷2007--2008学年一学期时间120分钟翻译理论与实践A卷课程64学时4学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：英语系04—1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8班总分100分，占总评成绩70%【Give your answers on ANSWER SHEET attached】I. Judging the following translations with “Y” (good) or “N” (not good): 20 %1．中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。

译文：On two points China can be account. First, it upholds principle and second, it keeps its words.2. 青城山地质地貌独特，植被茂密，气候适宜，林木葱翠，层峦叠嶂，曲径逶迤，古观藏趣。

译文. Endowed with special geological landforms and a mild climate, Qingcheng Mountain enjoys exuberant vegetations and forests through which the paths wind, as well as the ancient temples dispersing in ranges of mountains.3. 一个人在原企业的优秀业绩可以为他今后求职提供“敲门砖”。

译文：An employee’s previous outstanding performance is a very important stepping stone to his or her job hunting.4. My table manners are atrocious----in this respect I’ve slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.译文：我的吃相实在不雅，这方面一下就倒退了几百年，实在是一点规矩也没有。