中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿—助动词情态动词
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中学英语语法助动词与情态动词在中学英语语法中,助动词和情态动词都是常见的语法助词,它们在句子中起到不同的语法作用。
一、助动词(Auxiliary verb)是一种没有实际意义的动词,它的作用是帮助构成其他动词的各种时态和语态,或者用于否定、疑问、祈使等语态。
在英语中,常见的助动词包括be动词、do动词、have动词、will动词等。
1. be动词(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)2. do动词(do, does, did, done)3. have动词(have, has, had, having)4. had better (最好)5. would rather (宁愿)6. should (应该)7. ought to (应当)8. need (需要)9. dare (敢)10. used to (过去常常)这些助动词在英语语法中起到非常重要的作用,学生需要掌握它们的基本用法和常见用法,并且能够正确地运用它们来构成正确的句子。
二、情态动词(Modal verb)是一种表示说话人态度、意愿、推测、能力等的动词,它们通常用于表示说话人的主观态度或对某个行为的看法。
在英语中,常见的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、shall、should、will、would等。
情态动词是英语语法中的一类特殊动词,它们用于表达说话人的态度、意愿、推测、能力等。
情态动词通常不单独使用,而是和实义动词一起构成谓语动词,用于表达各种语态和时态。
以下是一些常见的英语语法情态动词:1. can (能够)2. could (过去能够)3. may (可能)4. might (可能)5. shall (将要)6. should (应该)7. will (将会)8. would (会)9. must (必须)10. need (需要)11. dare (敢)12. used to (过去常常)情态动词的使用可以表达说话人对某种情况或行为的看法、意愿、推测、能力等,因此在英语语法中非常重要。
情态动词一、情态动词的定义Modal verb 情态动词是一种 "auxiliary verb助动词",也被称为"helping verb"。
这意味着它们和其他动词一起赋予你的句子新的含义。
例如,他们可以改变你的主要动词的时态,或者表示某事发生的可能性、许可或必要性。
二、常见的英语情态动词有:CanCouldWillWouldShouldMayMightMustShall三、9大常用情态动词的用法1.Can1)表达能力。
在这种情况下,can是be able to的另一种说法。
I can play piano.我会弹钢琴如果你在问问题,这也适用。
要问某人做某事的能力,通常你会说:Canyou…?Can you speak English?你会说英语吗2)有时也被用作提供帮助或请求许可的一种方式。
I can watch your dog while you're on vacation.你度假时我可以照看你的狗。
Can you please pass the butter?请把黄油递给我好吗?3)表达某事发生的可能性。
Houses can flood in this region during rainstorms.暴风雨期间,这个地区的房屋会被淹。
2.Could1)Could表示can的过去式。
用它来表达能力,但是是用在谈论过去的时候。
I could understand German when I was a kid.我小时候能听懂德语。
Could you hear the birds chirping yesterday morning?昨天早上你能听到鸟叫吗?2)Could有时用来表示可能性,与can相似。
但是,与can不同,它用于更少的具体可能性和建议。
We could go to the park or we could go to the mall.我们可以去公园,也可以去购物中心。
2023年中考英语语法---动词及动词短语专题复习及练习题(含答案)一、动词的基本框架动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词:及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。
(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。
(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。
第十三章助动词和情态动词要点概览◎助动词和情态动词的定义◎can(could),may(might),must,need◎Will you? 和Shall I/we?◎would和should◎have to◎易混易错点剖析知识讲解一、助动词和情态动词用法1.助动词是协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。
汉语中只有助词,而没有助动词。
这又是英汉两种语言的一大差别。
英语的助动词,就是起辅助作用的动词,本身没有独立的词义,不能单独做谓语,在句子中只起语法作用,和实意动词一起构成谓语(叫复合谓语),表达否定,疑问,时态,语态和其他语法关系。
其2.情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
把情态动词放在句首、句尾用问号便构成疑问句;在其后加上not或never等否定词就构成否定句。
如:My mother can drive. 我妈会开车。
My mother can’t drive. 我妈不会开车。
Can your mother drive? 你妈会开车吗?Can’t your mother drive? 你妈不会开车吗?You needn’t look at me like that. 你不必那样瞧着我。
常用的情态动词有can, could; may, might; must; should; need; dare; ought to 等。
【即时体验】1. —Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?—Yes, you ________.A. mustB. canC. mayD. need【解析】A 情态动词的用法。
情态动词have to为“不得不”,其肯定回答为“Yes, you must”,否定回答为“No, you needn’t”。
故选A。
2. –Look at that girl! Is it Susan?—No, it _______ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. wouldn’t【解析】B 情态动词的用法。
助动词和情态动词1、助动词和情态动词的定义:助动词一般没有词义,主要构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。
情态动词,有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后必须跟动词原形。
判断正误:()She cans swim well. ()She can swims well.()She can swim well. ()She swims well.(1)助动词的种类①be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)助动词be与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态,与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态。
Eg. I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。
The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。
②have(has,had,having)助动词have与过去分词结合,构成完成时态。
Eg. I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。
She has finished her homework.她已经写完作业了。
We had finished our homework.我们已经写完作业了。
③shall(should),will(would)助动词shall和will与动词结合,构成将来时。
Eg. I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。
We shall be very happy to see you.我们见到你会很高兴的。
④do(does,did)助动词do与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句。
Eg. I don’t like dogs.我不喜欢狗。
Does she clean the room? 她打扫房间吗?Did you know it? 你不知道吗?(2)情态动词的种类2、can(could),may(might),must(need,have to)基本句型:肯定句:主语+can,may,must+动词原形+……否定句:主语+can,may,must +not+动词原形+……疑问句:Can,May,Must+主语+动词原形+……?(1)can,may,must的肯定句①can的肯定句A.表示能力,许可,可能性。
初三英语中考语法一轮复习讲义(二十四)助动词和情态动词概述在英语中,助动词一般都无具体意义,主要包括:be,have,do,will和shall,而情态动词有具体的词义,但是它们都不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
本章从情态动词(如can,may,must等)的用法讲解入手,再深入到句子,如对Will you...和Shall I...等句型的解析。
典型例句:1.He is listening to music.(他正在听音乐。
)典型例句:2.I can speak English fluently.(我会讲一口流利的英语。
)助动词和情态动词概述1.助动词和情态动词的定义在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态、构成疑问及否定形式或加强语气。
情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后必须跟动词原形。
His brother doesn’t like playing basketball.(他哥哥不喜欢打篮球。
)(表示否定)I did go to see him,bu the wasn’t in.(我确实去看望他了,但他不在家。
)(加强语气)Have you seen the film?(你看这部电影了吗?)(表示时态)(⚪)Maria types well.(×)Maria cans type well.(⚪)Maria can type well.(×)Maria can types well.(玛丽亚打字打得很好。
)说明:当主语是第三人称单数(如Maria)时,can的后面不能加s;也不能在行为动词后加s,必须用动词原形。
2.助动词和情态动词的种类(1)助动词的种类A.be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)助动词be与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见(第13章动词的进行时));与过去分词结合,可以构成被动语态(参见(第16章被动语态))。
2024年中考英语三轮复习学案情态动词和动词语态中考高频考点总结上篇:情态动词情态动词是用来表明说话人对于某一行为的情感态度和观点。
比较下面句子语气态度:1.You clean the clssroom.2.You should/must/need/can clean the classroom.是不是加入情态动词,就立马就有说话人的情感态度和观点了呢?情态动词不能单独做谓语动词,其后需要接动词原形,两者一起构成谓语动词。
初中常见的情态动词有:can/could;may/might;will/would;shall/should;need;must;dare等。
情态动词本身的用法多且繁杂。
但是中考对于情态动词的考察较为简单,一般在单项选择,语法填词和完成句子中进行考察。
考察内容主要包括三方面:情态动词的本意用法;情态动词表推测用法和含有情态动词的被动。
含有情态动词的被动一般在语法填词和完成句子中进行考察。
这里主要讲解单项选择中常考的本意用法和表推测用法。
情态动词的本意用法1.只作情态动词(1).can/could(2).may/might(3).must2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词(1).needneed do sth.需要做某事need to do sth.需要去做某事need doing sth.某事需要被做(2).daredare do sth.敢于做某事dare to do sth.敢于去做某事3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词(1).will/wouldYou will make it if you will.第一个will作助动词,第二个will作情态动词。
(2).shall/should(了解)4.具有情态动词的某些特征(了解)have to:必须had better:最好1.can/could可以,能够can't/couldn't不可以;不能够2.should应该/shouldn't不应该3.may/might也许,可以may/might not也许不4.must必须/mustn't禁止5.need需要/needn't不需要6.will/would愿意1.can/could(1).表示具有做某事的能力"能,会"时,could可看作是can的过去式,表示过去的能力。
英语语法知识讲解:助动词和情态动词
1.助动词:辅助其他动词构成时态、语态、疑问句式、否定名式的动词。
助动词有些词义,有些没有词义,或者暗含一点词义。
放在谓语首位置助动词会受主语人称、数的限制,其他位置不会受限制。
2.英语中有19个助动词:
do does did
shall will should would
have has had having
be am is are was were been being
3.情态动词:放在谓语动词的首位,辅助其他动词构成谓语,给谓语增加“可以,愿意,能够,应该,必须”等意思。
情态动词的性质、作用与助动词相同,除了给谓语增加一点意思外,还代替助动词与其他动词构成疑问句式和否定句式。
但它们没有人称、数的变化,并且只能用在谓语中,不能用于为以外的成分中。
4.英语的情诚动词有:
5.助动词和情态动词的对比:
本文作者:丹丹英语(公众号:英语语法学习)
英语语法知识讲解:助动词和情态动词1.助动词:辅助其他动词构成时态、语态、疑问句式、否定名式的动词。
助动词有些词义,有些没有词义,或者暗含一点词义。
放在谓语首位置助动词会受主语人称、数的限制,其他位置不会受限制。
2.英语中有19个助动词:do does did shall w 推荐度:点击下载文档文档为doc格式。
中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解(3)中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解中考英语情态动词、助动词、系动词专项讲解语法精讲1.can 和could2.may 和might3.need, must和have to情态动词 4. should和ought to5. shall, will和would6. had better1.can和coul d① can表⽰能⼒,意为“能够,可以”,could⽤于过去时,例如He can finish his homework al one. 他可以单独完成作业的。
He couldn’t cook when he was 18 years old. 他18岁时还不会做饭。
② can表⽰推测,意为“可能”,在否定句中表⽰否定的猜测,意为“不可能”,could⽤于对过去的猜测,can’t be 不可能例如:He could be cooking at this time yesterday. 他昨天这个时候有可能正在做饭。
He can’t be here be cause he has gone to American.他不可能会在这⾥,因为他已经去美国了。
③ can表⽰请求语⽓,coul d的语⽓更委婉,例如:Can I help you? / Coul d I help you? 有什么我可以为您效吗?拓展:be abl e to=can也为“能够”,⽤来表⽰能⼒(有⼈称和时态的变化)例如:He is able to d eal with this problem. 他能解决这个问题的。
2.may和 might① may表⽰请求,might语⽓更委婉,例如:May I help you?Might I sit here?② may表⽰肯定的推测,语⽓⽐can更弱,might对过去的推测例如:Mary may be doing her homework now.May can be doing her homework now. can表达的推测语⽓⽐may更强,更有把握。
第九章动词概说思维导图知识梳理一、实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词动词是表示动作、状态或性质等的词,根据其词义及在句中的作用可分为实义动词(亦称行为动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类.(一)实义动词实义动词又称为行为动词,表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,在句中能独立作谓语.实义动词又可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.).1.及物动词,它后面必须跟宾语才有完整的意义I like none of the books.这些书我全不喜欢.I know little about the subject.我对这个问题知道得很少.She killed the locust with a newspaper.她用张报纸把蝗虫打死了.I gave him some books.我给了他几本书.He often reads an English book.他经常看英文书.注意及物动词可用于被动语态.2.不及物动词本身意思完整,其后无须跟宾语My father often comes back late.我父亲经常晚回来.The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂.不及物动词不能直接接名词,如果要接名词,要在动词和名词之间加介词或副词.I looked for my watch every place but I didn't find it.我到处找我的表,但是没找到.I'll wait for you until eight o'clock.我将等你到八点钟.有一些动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词.如何区别它们,就看它们后面是否直接接名词作宾语.She sings very well.她歌唱得很好.(用作不及物动词)She sings English songs very well.她唱英语歌唱得很好.(用作及物动词)(二)连系动词它本身有一定词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成系表结构.连系动词可以分为三类:1.单纯表示一个特征或状态用得最多的是be(是、在),另外还有feel(觉得、摸上去),look(看起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(似乎是),appear(显得、看来好像)等.The flowers look beautiful.这些花看上去很漂亮.She is a very good student.她是个非常好的学生.The cake smells strange.这蛋糕有怪味.Her voice sounds sweet.她的嗓音很甜美.I'm not feeling well. I often feel tired.我感觉不舒服.我常常感到疲劳.The medicine tastes terrible.这种药太难吃了.2.表示变成某种状态这样的动词有become(变成),come(成为),fall(变得),get(变得),grow(渐渐变得),run(变成),turn(变为),go(变成),prove(证明),make(变为).His grandma is growing very old.他的祖母年纪很大了.It's getting darker and darker.天越来越黑了.He became a doctor three years ago.他3年前当上了医生.His face turned pale. He must be ill.他的脸变得苍白,他一定是病了.He fell asleep.他睡着了.The meat has gone bad.肉变坏了.The river ran dry(=stopped flowing)during the drought.这条河在干旱期间断流了.3.表示保持某种状态这样的动词有continue(仍旧是),keep(保持),lie(处于······状态),remain(仍是),,stand(处于···状态),stay(继续处于······状态)等.Keep quiet, please.请安静.You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你要照顾好自己,保持身体健康.The weather continued fine for several days.一连好几天天气都很好.Shops remained open till late in the evening.商店开到晚上很晚的时候.The window stayed open all the night.窗子整夜开着.The house stood empty for a long time.那所房子空了好长一段时间.4.表示感觉或知觉的连系动词常用来表示人的感觉或知觉的连系动词有feel, taste, smell, sound和look,分别相当于汉语中的“摸起来,感觉”“尝起来”“闻起来”“听起来”“看上去”的概念.后面通常接形容词作表语,也可接介词短语like.The music sounds beautiful.这段音乐听起来很优美.The rock looked like a tiger.这块岩石看上去像只老虎.(三)助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式.常见的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will等.She is doing her homework now.她现在正在做家庭作业.What have you been doing these days?你这些天一直在做什么?I'll be meeting them at the station.我将去车站接他们.Does anyone ever take them to school?有人送他们去上学吗?Did anyone sharpen this knife?有人把刀磨利了吗?(四)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想.情态动词有实际的词义,但词义不完全,不可单独作谓语,须同动词原形连用,不随人称和数而变化.情态动词所表示的情态有:命令、允诺、请求、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、能力、需要等.初中阶段应掌握的情态动词有:can/could, may/might, must, shall/should, will/would, need.如:Ask Miss Gao. She may tell you why,去问高老师.她可能会告诉你原因.Need we hand in our exercise-books before class?我们需要在上课前交练习本吗?You shouldn't do that.你不该做那件事.二、单词动词和短语动词动词根据其构成方式还可分单词动词和短语动词(一)单词动词就是由一个单词构成的动词,如:live, work, study, learn, come, go, hit, strike等.(二)短语动词主动词还可由两个或两个以上的单词构成,这就是“短语动词”.短语动词大多由动词与介词/副词等搭配而成.在使用中,我们要将短语动词当作一个整体来使用.短语动词主要有以下几种类型.1.动词+介词go over复习,listen to 听,think about 考虑,look for寻找,rely on依靠,depend on 依靠,look into 调查,play with和······一起玩,send for派人去请,consist of由·····组成,arrive at 到达等.这类短语动词相当于及物动词,须跟宾语.Stop talking and listen to me carefully.停止说话,认真听我讲课.Who is waiting for you?谁在等你?2.动词+副词eat up 吃光,give up 放弃,hold up 举起,put on穿;上演,take place 发生,turn on打开,try on试穿,等它们构成新的词义,有的用作及物动词,有的用作不及物动词.Please wake me up at 5:00 tomorrow morning.请在明天早晨5点钟唤醒我.Let me try it on.让我试穿一下.Please turn on the radio=Please turn the radio on.请打开收音机.点拨(1)如果动词+副词结构的宾语是代词,就必须把宾语插在动词和副词之间.Let him in.让他进去.He turned it on.他把它打开.(2)如果宾语是名词,该名词既可放在动词和副词之间,也可放在副词之后.They put the meeting off till next week.他们把会议推迟到下周召开.He turned off the light before he left the room.他离开房间前关上了灯.3.动词+副词+介词catch up with 赶上,get on with 与某人相处,go on with 继续,keep up with 跟上,do away with 废除,look down upon 轻视,look forward to 期待,keep away from脱离,等.这类短语动词相当于及物动词,后面须跟宾语.How are they getting along with their work?他们工作进展如何?Li Ping works hard all the time to catch up with the others.李平一直努力学习,目的是想赶上其他同学.If we don't finish painting the room today, we can go on with it tomorrow.要是今天房间粉刷不完,我们明天接着干.4.动词+名词+介词catch hold of(on)抓住,握住,give lessons to给······上课,make friends with 与······交朋友,take care of照料,pay attention to 注意,等.这类动词短语相当于及物动词,后面须跟宾语.We made friends with them during the trip.我们在旅途中和他们结为朋友.Take care of yourself.保重!5.动词+形容词+介词be fond of爱好,be familiar with 熟悉,be suitable for适合,be late for迟到,be good at善于,be afraid of害怕,等.这类短语动词相当于及物动词,后面须跟宾语.My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求严格.My brother is good at swimming.我弟弟擅长游泳.I'm looking forward to seeing you.我高兴地期望和你见面.Are you afraid of snakes?你怕蛇吗?I'm very fond of dancing.我很喜欢跳舞.Many people are fond of showing off.有许多人喜欢炫耀.三、延续性动词和非延续性动词英语中表示动作的动词,按其动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词.(一)延续性动词又叫持续性动词,它所表示的动作是一种延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响.延续性动词可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,如“for+一段时间”“since+从句(一般过去时)”“since+时间点”,how long 等.这样的动词有learn, work, stand, lie, walk, keep, have, wait, smoke, watch, sing, read, sleep, live等.We have known each other since childhood.自孩提时代我们就认识.I have been living here for years.我在这里住了多年了.They've been working from morning to night.他们从早到晚一直在干活儿.点拨延续性动词通常(如一般过去时)不可以和一个表示短暂的具体时间状语连用;若用于进行时态,则可以和表示具体时刻的时间状语连用.正:The boy was reading at six yesterday afternoon.正:The boy began to read at six yesterday afternoon.误:The boy read at six yesterday afternoon.(二)非延续性动词这种动词表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生后立即结束,产生某种结果.这样的动词有close, die, arrive, post, come, fall, leave, go, break, lose, give, join, receive,buy, borrow, become, start, happen, begin, finish, kill, marry等.The boy broke his arm yesterday.这男孩昨天把胳膊弄折了.He went to Shanghai two weeks ago.两个星期前,他去上海了.It happened after three years.事情发生于三年后.如上所述,非延续性动词的肯定式不能与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用.点拨(1)用“(一段时间)+ago”代替“for+-段时间”或用“It is+(一段时间)+since”或用“(一段时间)+has passed+ since”.(2)将非延续性动词(词组)改成be+形容词(副词、名词、介词短语等)或相近的延续性动词.四、限定性动词和非限定性动词英语动词还可以根据其与主语的关系分为限定动词和非限定动词.限定动词在句子中起谓语作用,可与助动词或情态动词连用,但必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致.(一)限定性动词The coat is much too big for me.这衣服我穿太大了.They haven't arrived at an agreement.他们尚未达成协议.He goes to school every day.他每天上学.They were preparing for the party last week.上周他们正为聚会做准备.(二)非限定性动词英语主动词有三种非限定形式,它们是不定式(包括带to的和不带to的不定式),-ing分词和-ed分词,它们在句中不起谓语作用,而可以起主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等作用.它们不受主语的人称和数的制约.I want Bill to come with me.我想要比尔跟我一道去.I heard him lock the door.我听到他锁门了.I must get my bike repaired.我必须叫人修一下我的自行车.Doing this can save a lot of time and money.这样做可以节省很多时间和钱.I can't help laughing.我忍不住笑了.好题精练一、选择填空1.No one knew why Miss Black_________ the new boxes.A. has brokenB. had brokenC. would have brokenD. have broken2.-Where are you_________?-At the Grand Hotel.A. stayingB. livingC. remainingD. stopping3.Don't keep on_________ the book.A. findingB. seeingC. borrowingD. reading4.What a fine day, _________.A. what are theyB. won't itC. isn't itD. No, it isn't5.The stranger told us his name after we_________ him twice.A. askedB. have askedC. were askingD. had asked6.Today is Saturday. Tomorrow_________ Sunday.A. is going toB. willC. will beD. is going to be7.Don't worry, the train_________ yet.A. arrivedB. won't arriveC. has arrivedD. hasn't arrived8.Tim_________ the army for three years.A. has joinedB. has taken part inC. has attentedD. has been in9.I believe she'll always keep what you_________ her.A. have just givenB. just gaveC. won't giveD. had given10.One morning while I_________ along the street, I_________ an old man crying.A. walking; heardB. walked; heardC. was walking; was hearingD. was walking; heard答案:1-5BADCD 6-10CDDAD二、改正下列句中的错误1.The old man is dieing.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.They entered into the hall one after another.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Before liberation the Yellow River often overflew its banks.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.She married with a rich man at the age of twenty.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.The cake tasted well.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.What did they discuss about at the meeting?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.The sun raises in the east.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.We ought study hard for the people.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.I have put up the map on the wall an hour ago.____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Do you agree me on this point?____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案:1.dieing→dying2.去掉into3.overflew→overflowed4.去掉with5.well→good6.去掉about7.raises→rises8.ought→ought to9.have put up→ put up10.agree后加with。
中考英语词汇与语法满分快车道书稿第八章助动词·情态动词在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。
对于助动词,同学们一般了解即可。
情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语,另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化;情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
第一节知识点概述助动词的种类1.be(am,are,is,was,were,been,being)它与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态,与过去分词结合可以构成被动语态。
I am reading the book.我正在读这本书。
The book was written by me.这本书是我写的。
2. have(has,had,having)它与过去分词结合,构成完成时态。
I have finished my homework.我已经写完作业了。
3.shall(should),will(would)它与动词结合构成将来时。
I will visit Beijing tomorrow.我明天将到北京参观。
4. do(does,did)它与其他动词结合构成否定句和疑问句。
I don't like dog.我不喜欢狗。
Do you clean the room.你打扫房间吗?情态动词的种类can,may,mustcan,may,must是三个最重要的情态动词,其基本句型如下:肯定句:主语+can,may,must +动词原形否定句:主语+can,may,must +not +动词原形疑问句:Can,May,Must +主语+动词原形?1. can,may,must的肯定句You may eat lunch,but you must wash your hands.你可以吃饭,但是你必须洗手。
(1)cana.表示能力;能,会She can run fast,but I can't.她很会跑,但是我不会。
b.表示可能;能够I can get there in ten minutes.我十分钟之后就可以到那儿。
(表示一种可能性)c.表示允许;许可You can use this dictionary.你可以用这本字典。
d. can和be able to比较can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态。
can(could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
I can(=am able to)pay for the book. 我买得起那本书。
He will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了。
2.maya.表示请求、许可May I borrow your pen?我可以借你的钢笔用一用吗?b.可能、或许Tomorrow I may go shopping.明天,我可能(或许)去商店买东西。
He might be our new teacher.他或许是我们的新老师。
3.musta.必须、应该(表示有做某一动作的必要或义务)You must buy a ticket.你必须买一张票。
b.一定、准是(表示有把握的判断或推测,一般只用于肯定句中)在You must这一句型中,它的意思与祈使句相同。
You must get up early. =Get up early.你必须早起。
You must study hard. =Study hard.你必须用功读书。
He must be our new teacher.他肯定是我们的新老师。
e. must与have to比较must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要,have to侧重于客观上的必要。
如果用于过去时态或将来时态时,则要用have to来代替。
但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。
(一般过去时)I haven't got any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点了。
(一般将来时)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。
4.表示推测的用法can , could ,may ,might ,must 皆可用来表示推测,其用法如下:a.could ,might 表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can ,may。
b.can ,could 用于否定句和疑问句中。
句型:主语+ can't , couldn't +be +动词ing.(否定句)Can ,Could +主语+be +动词ing.(疑问句)They can't be cleaning the room now.他们现在不可能在打扫房间。
c.may ,might , must 用在肯定句中。
句型:主语+ may ,might ,must +be +动词-ing(表示对现在发生动作的推测)He must be sleeping . 他现在肯定在睡觉。
d.但如果上述这些词(must ,can't… ) + have +过去分词则指对过去已发生的事进行推测。
The road is wet , It must have rained last night .地是湿的;昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
There isn't any water on the road . It (can't ) couldn't have rained last night .地面上一个水滴都没有,昨天不可能下雨了。
5. have to的用法(1)have(has)to +动词原形have(has)to后面要用动词原形。
当主语为第三人称单数时用has to,当句子是过去时用had to。
We have to leave now.我们不得不现在就离开。
He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。
I had to do my homework last Sunday.上周日,我不得不做作业。
(2)have to的否定句句型:主语+don't(doesn't)have to+动词原形You don't have to walk so fast.你不必走那么快。
He will not have to buy a new coat next year.明年,他没必要买新外衣了。
(3)have to的疑问句句型:Do(Does)+主语+have to +动词原形?Do you have to study maths now?你现在必须学数字吗?Yes,I do.是的,必须学。
No,I don't(have to).不,不必学。
Did he have to ask the question?他非要问那个问题吗?Yes,he did.是的。
No,he didn't(have to).不。
第二节实战演练一、例题选讲1.You ________ smoke in the office.答案为mustn’t 或can’t。
mustn’t 表示绝对禁止,can’t 语气较弱。
2.-May I take this magazine out of the reading-room?-No, you ________.答案为mustn’t。
may 的否定回答常用mustn’t。
3.-Must I clean the blackboard before class ?-No, you ________.答案为needn’t。
表示“不必”,不用mustn’t,但也可用don’t have to4.It was too late. I ________ go back.答案为had to。
表示客观要求。
5.Little Mary ________ stay at home by herself at night.答案为dare not。
dare not既能作情态动词,也能作实义动词,作为情态动词直接否定。
6.________ we go swimming this afternoon?That’s great.答案为Shall。
Shall用于第一人称,表示请求。
7.Excuse me, ________ tell me where the post office is ?答案为could you。
could you …?表示客气,不是过去时。
8.S he’s very well. She ________ any help.答案为needn’t have,doesn’t need。
Need 作为情态动词时,后要接动词原型,作为实义动词时否定要加助动词。
二、复习时需要注意的要点(1)情态动词在句中没有人称和数的变化。
(2)含有情态动词的句子改为否定句或疑问句不必加助动词,只需要将情态动词置于主语前,或在情态动词后加上not。
例如:1)Must I write a letter to cheer him up?2)You needn’t wait for me.(3)情态动词的过去式,例如can-could,may-might。
但是少数情态动词只有过去式,例如used to表示过去常常。
Must的过去式往往用had to。
(4)大多数情态动词后接不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
例如:1)He can be doing his homework now.2)He must have attended the meeting last night.第三节巩固练习一、用适当的情态动词填空,必要时可用否定式:1.What ______ I do for you ?2.________ we have lunch before 11:45?No, you needn’t.3.The boy _________ skate well when he was six years old.4.__________what he said be true?5.-Tomorrow will be a fine day. _________ we go our for a picnic ?-That’s great.6.How ________ you say I’m foolish ?7.You __________ to have a good rest. It’s good for you.8.You _________ not hurry. There is enough time to go.9._______ the girl go out alone on a rainy night ?10.-Is the man Professor Li ?-No, he ________ be Professor Li. I know that Professor Li has gone to Beijing.二、选择题()1. “ Who ______ it be that hid behind the door ? “ the old lady wondered.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will()2. You must be a teacher, ______?A. are youB. must youC. mustn’t youD. aren’t you()3. I have told him many times, but he ________ listen to my advice.A. won’tB. shan’tC. couldn’tD. mustn’t()4. “Do I have to get back before 10:00 ? ““ No, you _______. “A. needn’tB. may noC. can’tD. must()5 Oh, dear! How _______ this happen?A. mayB. canC. mightD. must()6. _____ you tell me whom he is ?A. couldB. MayC. MightD. Must()7. “ Must he do it ? “ “ No, he _______. “A. mustB. needn’tC. doesn’t have toD. Both B and C()8. You _______ to be more careful if you want to get good marks.A. mustB. shouldC. canD. ought()9.You ________ return the book now. You can keep it till next week.A. can'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. may not()10.Can I leave this door open at night ? No, you ________ .A. should better notB. would better notC. had better notD. mustn’t better()11.Hurry up. He ________ for us at the station.A. must waitB. must be waitingC. should waitD. should be waiting()12.The food must be good. No, it ________ be good.A. must notB. needn'tC. wouldn'tD. cannot()13.Your shirt is rather dirty. ________ I wash it for you ?A. DoB. WillC. HaveD. Shall()14.He promised that he ________ help us as long as we needed.A. mustB. had toC. wouldD. should()15.Certain species of birds ________ find food because of pollution.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. cannotD. couldn’tI、1.can2.must3.can4.can5.Shall6.dare7.have8.need9.Dare 10.can’t。