高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity词汇小测 新人教版选修8

2021年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity单元综合测试题新人教版选修81．Change the following English into the Chinese：1.make /earn / get a / one’s living/ make a life2.take in；3.a large amount of4.in addition5.a diversity of vegetables6.by all means7.apply for2．Change the following Chinese into the English：① 多元文化的一个洲_________________ ② 在不同的时期______________③ 通过…方式_________________________ ④ 幸存于这些恐怖时期_________________⑤ 从…获得独立_______________________ ⑥ 向墨西哥宣战____________________⑦ 太平洋岛国______________________ ⑧ 谋生______________________ ⑨ 在淘金热时期__________________ ⑩ 建立了自己的城镇____________________⑾ 保持自己的文化_____________________ ⑿ 在最近的几十年里___________________⒀ 不久_______________________ ⒁ 多种国籍的混合_______________________ 3． fill the blanks with the proper words acooding to the first letter or the Chinese：1. Most people in our city are Han n__________.2. The Taiwan s_______ separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.3. Three in ten students were for the new plan. That is to say, the m_______of the students were against it.4. When s ________ was stopped, all the slave owners had to set their slaves free.5. Now in China, an increasing p___________ of the population has their own cars.6. In fact, it is very safe to travel by ____________(飞机)，and yet many people have the opposite thinking.7. The city was a _________(混合) of the old and new buildings.4 plete the following sentences1.He is _______________. （他很可能获胜。

Unit 1 A land of diversity-SectionⅢ一、单词拼写1．Research i______ that eating habits are changing fast.2．I have been informed that my ______〔行李〕had already arrived.3．It was ______〔显而易见〕that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.4．Your telephone number has s______ my mind.5．We will take the ______〔渡船〕across the river to the village.6．This is a group of people who really know the values of ______〔正义〕．7．The whole nation m______ the death of a much­loved leader.8．The ______〔当局〕have taken measures to protect the trees.9．Do you g______ the main idea of the article?二、用所给词的适当形式填空1．He was ______〔apparent〕much surprised at the news.2．Ask the ______〔conduct〕to put you off at the Odeon.3．It was a very kind and______〔think〕gesture.4．I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves ______〔punish〕．5．The changing vivid colours of the sunset are really ______〔fascinate〕．三、用所给短语的适当形式填空a good many team up with mark out take in apply for1．It's a pleasure to ____________ such excellent workers.2．Some of the best pupils have been ____________ for special training.3．The club ____________ a new member last week.4．I have been out of work for half a year，so I want to ____________ a job in this company.5．Tom found that there were ____________ people already there.四、句型转换1．I think it would be a great idea to cooperate with your company.I think it would be a great idea to ______ ______ ______ your company.2．Most of the people present at the meeting are for the plan.______ ______ ______ ______ ______ present at the meeting are for the plan.3．You must practice speaking English whenever possible.You must practice speaking English whenever______ ______ possible.4．A large number of cattle of this type used to exist on the plains of America.______ ______ ______ cattle of this type used to exist on the plains of America.五、汉译英1．我们想同你们公司合作提高我们的产品质量。

2021年高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity单元综合测试（I）新人教版选修8第一卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21．He is not an ordinary man；he is a(n) ________ judge.A．absolute B．diversifiedC．outstanding D．distinct22．After three months without rain，the crop quickly ________ the little rain that fell last night.A．absorbed B．acceptedC．grasped D．swallowed23．An awful traffic accident ________ the other day on the street，causing two deaths and three injuries.A．slipped B．occurredC．appeared D．braked24．Strangely enough，________ else in this small town will you find any store open on Sunday.A．everywhere B．somewhereC．anywhere D．nowhere25．The ________ cause of his illness was extreme drinking，but the real cause was his deep sadness on his wife’s death.A．major B．apparentC．clear D．serious26．The operation turned out to be very successful，and the old man ________ for another ten years.A．stayed up B．went throughC．kept up D．lived on27．Since his wife went deaf two years ago，they have to express themselves ________ writing.A．for fear of B．in case ofC．by means of D．in place of28．Since humans’ access has been limited for the past 55 years，these areas have now bee ________ home ________ 50 animals and 12 plant species.A．the；to B．a；forC．/；to D．/；for29．Lewis came to Miami two years ago.Despite a lot of difficulties，he remains here to make a ________ for himself.A．living B．profitC．life D．difference30．This treatment is not available in ________ of hospitals.A．most B．majorityC．the most D．the majority31．I firmly believe ________ he talked about at the meeting is right.A．that B．whichC．that what D．what that32．She has ________ physical training for several years without interruption.A．taken up B．saved upC．kept up D．drawn up33．—Is John still out of work now?—I heard that he ________ for a job as a life­guard at the munity pool last week，but whether he was employed is still unknown.A．applied B．affordedC．offered D．reformed34．I think，though I could be mistaken，________ he liked me.A．who B．whichC．that D．what35．—What about going riding on a cable car?—________！Hopefully we will have a good time.A．Good luck B．Doesn’t matterC．Sounds interesting D．Cheer up第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Unit 1 A land of diversity(总分:150分时间:120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What are the two speakers talking about?A.A kind of food.B.An invention.C.An order.答案:B2.What’s the woman anxious to know about?A.Her test time.B.Her score.C.Her telephone call.答案:B3.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In the hall.B.At the fashion show.C.In the booking office.答案:C4.Who will be a fourth player?A.Carol.B.The man.C.The woman.答案:A5.What will the speakers do?A.Set a date for their appointment.B.Go and see their friends off.C.Leave for a new place.答案:B第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6~8题。

选修八 Unit 1《A land of diversity》单元测试3笔试部分：I. 单项选择1. It never _____ to me that such a naughty boy should become a minister later.A. referredB. happenedC. occurredD. turned2. The young man thought carefully for several days and decided to ______ the job offer.A. lift upB. take upC. sweep upD. set up3. With all of the things________, the manager went to America for sightseeing.A. dealing withB. to deal withC. dealt withD. deal with4. Not until I began to work _______ how much time I had wasted.A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realized5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable..A.which priceB.its priceC.the price of whichD.the price of whose6. They required that the work _______ as soon as possible.A. be finishedB. will be finishedC. should finishD. is finished7. With the world economic crisis worsening, people _______ the bill by the government for more unemployment benefitsA. apply forB. go forC. appeal toD. approve of8. These village cottages ______ paying guests during the summer vacationA. take inB. take upC. take overD. take off9. ______ I toured Lushan Mountain, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.A. The first timeB. For the first timeC. At firstD. It was the first time10. —Do many people live in the desert?—_________. There are people who work in the mines, of course. But most Australians live on the coast.A. Not likelyB. Not reallyC. Not necessarilyD. Not nearly11. ______ houses were knocked in the earthquake.A. A great many ofB. The number ofC. A great number ofD. Amounts of12. It's a rule for all the students to _____ their places ahead of 5 minutes waiting for the class to be started.A．take up B．pick up C．keep up D．give up13. People like to make friends with ______ shares their interests.A. whomB. whomeverC. whoeverD. who14. It's based on the idea ______ all people are created equal, ______ is accepted by most people.A. that; thatB. which; whichC. which; whenD. that; which15. —Can we get everything ready by the weekend?—It all depends on______we can get Mr. Green's cooperation（合作）.A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. ifII 完形填空One of my father's f avorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like 16, whatever it might be, 17 I tried it. Over the years I've come to 18 how much of my success I owe to my 19 of those words as one of my values. My 20 job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 21 what I wanted to do as a career. 22 I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took 23 that much. I couldn't have been more 24 . I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity to 25 through the company into different 26 .I accepted each new opportunity with the 27 , “Well, I'll try it; if I don't like it I can always go back to my 28 position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I've 29 every career change I've made. I've discovered I 30 a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being 31 trying new opportunities. I've also discovered that if I 32 what I am doing and work hard at achieving my 33 , I will succeed. That's why I am so 34 to be a part of . I think 35 has come and I am determined to make it a success.16. A. everything B. something C. everybody D. som ebody17. A. until after B. ever since C. so that D. long before18. A. consider B. argue C. include D. realize19. A. suggestion B. explanation C. acceptance D. discussion20. A. hard B. best C. extra D.first21. A. determined B. examined C. experienced D. introduced22. A. Actually B. Gradually C. Finally D. Usually23. A. helped B. required C. expressed D. mattered24. A. careful B. mistaken C. interested D. prepared25. A. look up B. take up C. move up D. put up26. A. situations B. choices C. directions D. positions27. A. thought B. reply C. action D. advice28. A. easier B. newer C. earlier D.higher29. A. permitted B. counted C. organized D. enjoyed30. A. show B. possess C. need D. gather31. A. lucky for B. slow at C. open to D.afraid of32. A. think of B. give away C. believe in D. turn into33. A. business B. goal C. fortune D. growth34. A. excited B. curious C. surprised D. helpful35. A. dream B. time C. power D. honorIII 阅读理解When a group of children politely stop a conversati on with you, saying: “We have to go to work now,” you're left feeling surprised and certainly uneasy. After all, this is the 1990s and the idea of children working is just unthinkable. That is, until you are told that they are all pupils of stage schools a nd that the “work” they go off to is to go on the stage in a theatre.Stage schools often act as agencies（代理机构）to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name “stage school” are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education.A visit to such schools will leave you in no doubt that the children enjoy themselves. After all, what lively children wouldn't settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?Then of course there are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over 13 to 80 days.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the profession for which they are being trained. So what happens to those who don't ma ke it? While all the leading schools say they place great importance on children getting good study results, the facts seem to suggest this is not always the case.1. People would stop feeling uneasy when realizing that the children they're talking to ________.A. attend a stage schoolB. are going to the theatreC. have got some work to doD. love singing and dancing2. In the writer's opinion, a good stage school should ________.A. prod uce star performersB. help pupils improve their study skillsC. train pupils in language and performing artsD. provide a general education and stage training.3. “Profess ional work” as used in the text means ________.A. ordinary school workB. money-making performancesC. stage training at schoolD. acting, singing or dancing after class4. Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools?A. He thinks highly of what they have to offer.B. He favors an early start in the training of performing arts.C. He feels uncomfortable about children putting on night shows.D. He doubts the standard of ordinary education they have reached.BPlease, pay attention to difference of free registration and paid premium(额外费用)account. With free registration at Oxyshare you get access to easy uploading with your favorite FTP client. Your files will remain online for 30 days if there was no request to download. You may upload files at unlimited speed, also you may deliver your data to one email-address. Unlimited disk space and endless amount of file downloads are at your service, too.www. .comIn contrast to free registration, premium account increases your rights greatly. Your files remain online three times more — 90 days if there was no request to download. Speed of downloading increases in a few times. E-mail option allows you to deliver files to 100 e-mail addresses.Prices for premium account vary from $1.99 up to $189.99 according to how long you want the files to be remained. You will be able to choose wishful time-plan during the registration process. Now you are one step away from completing your registration process. Please, choose the type of account and push the appropriate button below the table.Features Standard account Premium accountUpload speed Up to 200 Kb/s UnlimitedFile size Up to 700 Mb Up to 700 MbFTP support Yes YesE-mail delivery 1 address 100 addressesDownload speed Up to 70 kb/s unlimitedFile life time 30 days* 90 days*Number of connections one UnlimitedDownload waiting 5-30 sec 0 secPlease Select: FREE PREMIUM5. What extra advantage you will get if you pay a small fee for the service?A. You can upload a file no matter how big it is.B. Your file will remain at least90 days.C. Your file will remain one month.D. Your friends will see your files for free.6. For a premium account user, the more money you will pay ________ .A. the longer your files will remain onlineB. the bigger file you can uploadC. the more money you can earnD. the longer you can use the file-hosting service7. The same feature offered by both the standard account and premium account is ________.A. upload speedB. file sizeC. file life timeD. number of connectionsCIt was as if a Hollywood superstar had walked on stag e. And indeed, every single senior that day was a star of the once-in-a-lifetime moment—the commencement. Seated, I waited anxiously for the opening address. As a foreign exchange student, I was not able to receive a diploma. However, I still had the wonderful feeling of being part of things. Like the other graduates, I was dressed in marron cap and gown(方帽长袍).Our principal, Mr. Glover, delivered a short, warm greeting. The US national anthem followed and then, hands on chests, a solemn Pledge of Allegiance(对美国的忠孝宣誓).Students who had excelled academically gave farewell speeches. Then came the core (核心) of the commencement. Hundreds of names were announced. Each graduate walked across the stage to receive his or her diploma from the principal. From the different cheers each graduate got, we had the funny sense that it was a kind of competition of who could cheer the loudest.To be honest, the presentation of diplomas got boring. But it wasn't boring for those receiving the diploma: they would treasure the moment the principal placed the sacred brown document in their hands for the rest of their lives.A new page in the book of that person's life had turned. They were glimpsing their futures: futures of challenge, hardship, perhaps loneliness too, which would take all of their courage.8. What's the article mainly about?A. An American high school's graduation ceremony.B. The opening ceremony of a sports meeting.C. A presentation of college diplomas.D. A US college's farewell party.9. Which of the following statements about the author is FALSE?A. She was one of the graduates.B. She was a foreign exchange student.C. She was excited to receive her diploma.D. She felt it great to be at the ceremony.10. From the text, we can conclude that_______.A. a diploma ensures a good jobB. a diploma guarantees a bright futureC. the commencement symbolizes the beginning of a new stage in lifeD. everyone felt excited at the presentation of the diplomaIV 单词填空1. There used to be a high _________ (百分比) of babies that died of scarlet fever every year.2. He earned his living by________ (出租) himself out to whoever needed his services.3. ____________ (显然)，he was mistaken about by the others.4. He regarded his marriage merely as a_____________ (手段) to an end: he just wanted his wife's wealth.5.It is believed that before long the mix of ____________ (国籍) will be very large.6. The oil market is enjoying a _____________ (繁荣).7. Many __________________(改革) have been made to the education system.8. He was one of the 200 a_____________ for the teaching post9. You have difficulty in moving to America, because the rules of i_________ are rather strict for the foreigners.10. Sarah s_______ into the room and carefully shut the door.11. Mr. Green has the d________ of having been the first president of the famous school.12. Research i__________ that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.13. It o___________ to me that we should go there more often.14. Ronald Reagan was first e_______ President in 1980.15. The m_______ of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.V 词组互译1. make a distinction between ________________2. in the/ a majority ___________________3. elect sb. to ... ______________4. sth. occurs to sb. ________________5. by means of___________________6. by all means______________7. make a life______________8. team up with_______________9. ___________画线，标出……界线10. ___________ 申请11.___________ 适用（于）12.__________吸收，受骗，理解13. __________ 继续活着；继续存在14. ___________许多，大量的15. ______________ 坚持，维持VI 翻译句子1. A good idea _____________ all at once. 我突然想到了一个好主意。

Unit 1 A land of diversity(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.多项选择(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 1．After the company ________ its rules and regulations，we find the business is really taking off.A．informed B．reformedC．restrained D．recovered2．(2013·鞍山高二调研)The ________ of school leavers that go to university is about fifty percent.A．degree B．percentageC．level D．standard3．The actress played ________ a very old woman，but in fact she is only a little over forty.A．apparently B．evidentlyC．obviously D．surely4．That day the road was very icy.When I was approaching the school，I ________ and fell.A．jumped B．slippedC．ran D．rushed5．The agreement the two companies reached yesterday indicated that they would ________ again.A．look up B．turn upC．team up D．pick up6．(2013·承德高二质检)You can find a camping shop in the town that has tents for ________ at D|S10 a week.A．hire B．saleC．employ D．repair7．If you can look through the text before class，you will find it easy to __________ what the teacher teaches.A．take up B．take onC．take in D．take off8．________ the students in our school want to go abroad to study further in future.A．A good many B．A great many ofC．A great deal of D．A lot of9．Although his number one choice is Harvard，Jack ________ to several universities after he graduated from high school.A．got B．adjustedC．stuck D．applied10．Even though she was supposed to live for only seventeen years，she has ________ until now healthily.A．called on B．moved onC．looked on D．lived onⅡ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)Jaime Alfonso Escalante was considered one of the best teachers in the United States.He was born in 1930 in __11__.Both his parents were teachers.He __12__ math and science in his home country for 12 years.In the 1960s，Jaime Escalante and his wife Fabiola came to the United States.__13__ the next several years，he learned to speak English and __14__ his college education and teacher __15__.In 1974，Mr.Escalante was __16__ at Garfield High School to teach mathematics.The school was in a poor area of Los Angeles，California.Many of the students had __17__ problems with illegal drugs，gangs and __18__.The school was __19__ losing its official approval(批准，认可) to __20__.Mr.Escalante's students were __21__ Mexican­Americans from a Spanish­speaking area of the city.Many were the worst students at the school and thought to be “unteachable”．But Mr.Escalante __22__ the group to work hard.He told them basic math was too easy and that they had the __23__ to do harder work.Jaime Escalante started an advanced math __24__ with a small group of students.In 1982,18 of his students took the Advanced Placement test(跳级考试) and they all __25__.Mr.Escalante's students went on to become engineers，scientists and university professors.The advanced math program at Garfield became extremely successful over the next several years.Jaime Escalante received many teaching __26__ including the Presidential Medal of Excellence in Education.A movie about his success，Stand and Deliver，was __27__ in 1988.It __28__ other teachers to use his __29__.Jaime Escalante __30__ teaching in 1998 and later moved back to Bolivia with his wife.He died earlier last year.He was 79 years old.11．A.the United States B．BoliviaC．Mexico D．Spain 12．A.learned B．majored C．taught D．researched 13．A.Between B．Among C．During D．After 14．A.repeated B．completed C．furthered D．continued 15．A.profession B．employment C．training D．application 16．A.admitted B．invited C．allowed D．hired 17．A.physical B．psychological C．serious D．economic 18．A.value B．violence C．intelligence D．loneliness 19．A.in case of B．in charge of C．in honor of D．in danger of 20．A.manage B．operate C．organize D．attend 21．A.mostly B．exactly C．appropriately D．normally 22．A.suggested B．pushed C．hoped D．supposed 23．A.talent B．ability C．right D．opportunity 24．A.program B．lesson C．research D．competition 25．A.failed B．completed C．passed D．satisfied 26．A.fames B．awards C．rewards D．achievements 27．A.sold B．published C．released D．composed 28．A.expected B．motivatedC．impressed D．influenced29．A.attitude B．moralityC．ability D．methods30．A.recovered from B．returned fromC．retired from D．resigned fromⅢ.阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)A(2013·四川高考)Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧). It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, love，and some other experiences: We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass­top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays，and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at this table，I can see my favorite room in the house，my parents' room. It is simple：a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime—waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart，on a physical property(住宅) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew，and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.31．Why does the author call her parents' bed her “safe zone” (Paragraph 3) ?A．It is her favorite place to play.B．Her needs can be satisfied there.C．Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.D．Her parents always play together with her there.32．What can be learned from the passage?A．The old furniture is still in the author's first bedroom.B．The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.C．The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.D．Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.33．Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will________.A．open the window at nightB．lie down in bed to have a dreamC．try to bring back a sense of homeD．go to Los Angeles to visit her mom34．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?A．To express how much she is attached to her home.B．To declare how much she loves her first house.C．To describe the state of her family.D．To look back on her childhood.BFarmers are being told more needs to be done to stop them injuring at work.One in five British workplace deaths happens in agriculture even though farmers are only a small part of the working population.During the year 2010/11 there were 1,061 injuries in total and it is thought many more go unreported.Jim Chapman from Warwickshire had his arm torn off by farm machinery seven years ago when he was 23.“You don't realize how much you rely on your second arm until it's gone，”he said.He fell against a PTO shaft(传动轴)，a spinning metal bar at the back of a tractor.“It catapulted(猛力掷出) me from one side of the machine to the other，”he said.“I landed on the flo or，minus all my clothing.My left arm had been ripped off.”He admits that the machinery was missing part of its proper safety guard.“But again，”he added，“it was a rushed day.There were a few machines that didn't work.Also，I was getting behind with the jobs.”Over the last 10 years，other industries that you'd think of as dangerous，like building or quarrying(矿采)，have lowered the number of workplace deaths and injuries.In the farming industry though，deaths remain high with 34 deaths in 2010/11.Judith Hackitt，the chair of the Health and Safety Executive(HSE) says it is“not acceptable” that the accident statistics for farming are still high.“People in farming don't have minor(较小的) injuries.When they get injured，it's bad.”she said.“When I said to the National F armers' Union(NFU) that if I had sons I would not want them to work in agriculture，it really made them sit up and take notice.”There's a whole host of reasons why farming is as dangerous as it is.It is a very rough industry.Also，it's often because people are left alone.They could be young and inexperienced，or older people，who would have retired maybe 5 or 10 years ago in other industries.Jim wants others to learn from his experience.“Look at what you're doing before you go running in，”he said.“You could ma ke a mistake that you'll live with for the rest of your life.”35．Jim Chapman was injured in the workplace mainly because ________.A．he crossed the machineryB．the safety guard of the machinery was goneC．he was standing at the back of the tractorD．he didn't notice the PTO shaft36．In British farming industry，________.A．farmers take up a large part of working populationB．the number of injuries is bigger than what the public knowC．old machinery was not replaced in timeD．being a farmer is the most dangerous37．Judith thought ________ were (was) not acceptable.A．the injuries of farmersB．the high deaths for farmingC．her son's hope to work in agricultureD．farmers' retiring 5 or 10 years later38．From the whole text，we can see that Jim feels ________.A．regretful B．angryC．shocked D．confusedCOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone.We do not realize that waving goodbye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side，or that in Italy and some Latin­American countries，curling the finger to oneselfis a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War Ⅱ and marked them GIFT to es cape duty payments did not bother to find out that“Gift” means poison in German.Moreover，we like to think of ourselves as friendly，yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm's length away from tins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch，which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic(语言的)and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes，gestures，customs and languages of other countries，are losing our friends，business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States，we make few concessions(让步) to the needs of foreign visitors.There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments；we do not have multilingual (多语的) guided tours.Very few restaurant menus have translations，and multilingual waiters，bank clerks and policemen are rare.Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad，we tend to stay in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken.The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English.Our business dealings，as well as the nation's diplomacy (外交)，are conducted through interpreters.For many years，America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance.After all，America was the most powerful country of the free world，the distributor(分发者)of needed funds and goods.But all that is past.American dollars no longer buy all good things，and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing.A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century，even though it may not always be the upper hand.39．It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably________.A．stand still B．jump asideC．step forward D．draw back40．In countries other than their own，most Americans ________.A．are isolated by the local peopleB．are not well informed due to the language barrierC．tend to get along well with the nativesD．need interpreters in hotels and restaurants41．According to the author，Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will________.A．affect their image in the new eraB．cut themselves off from the outside worldC．limit their role in world affairsD．weaken the position of the US dollar42．The author intends to make Americans realize that it is ________.A．dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB．important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC．necessary to use several languages in public placesD．time to get familiar with other culturesDWe're in the middle of winter.It's cold and we're suffering from cold wind and rain.The sun，even when it does show its face，is setting at 4 p．m.It's no wonder people in the street look sad.But according to most of the research on the connection between weather and mood(情绪)，they shouldn't be.Weather has little effect on mood.When you tell people this，though，they don't believe it.Most of us think the weather has quite a strong effect on our mood.Many think that the rain and cold weather dejects us and the sun and warmth cheers us up.So why don't we see this effect in the research？That's the question a new study by Klimstra et al.tries to answer with a group of young people and their mothers.In fact，Klimstra et al.found four different groups：1．Unaffected：about half the people in their study fell into this group.For these people it didn't matter that much whether it was raining or sunny，hot or cold，their mood was mostly unaffected.2．Summer lovers：here's the group you'd expect.For these people，their mood improved with less rain，more sun and higher temperatures(15% of young people and 30% of their mothers)．3．Summer haters：here's the group of people you hear less about.These were theexact opposite of the summer lovers so they were happier when there was more rain，less sun and lower temperatures (27% of the young people and 12% of their mothers)．4．Rain haters：this group's mood didn't change with the temperature，sunshine or the wind；they just hated the rain(8% of young people and 12% of their mothers)．This helps explain why studies keep finding that weather doesn't have much effect on mood：it's because we're different and these differences are mostly being averaged out.43. It's found in the study that ________.A．weather has a strong effect on moodB．cold wind and rain makes us look sadC．the sun and warmth cheers us upD．mood is little affected by weather44. In which group people like dry and hot weather?A．Unaffected. B．Summer lovers.C．Summer haters. D．Rain haters.45．From the four different groups we can learn ________.A．about half the people belong to summer loversB．more than one third of the people are summer hatersC．few of young people and their mothers like the rainD．more young people are unaffected than rain haters46．What is the BEST title for the passage?A．Does the weather really affect your mood?B．Why do people feel sad in cold winter?C．How many different groups are there?D．Do different people have different mood?E(2013·重庆高考)It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather­speak.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To anoutsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather­speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather­speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather­speak are not request s for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather­speak is a means of social bonding.47．The author mentions Dr. Johnson's comment to show that________.A．most commentators agree with Dr. JohnsonB．Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observationC．the comment was accurate two hundred years agoD．English conversations usually start with the weather48．What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?A．A social trend.B．An emotional state.C．A historical concept.D．An unknown phenomenon.49．According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that________.A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weatherB．there is nothing special about the English weatherC．the English weather attracts people to the British IslesD．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty50．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?A．To explain what English weather­speak is about.B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.Ⅳ.完成句子(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)51．An idea occured to me ________________ to finish the task.(team)我忽然想到了一个主意，我可以找一个同学来完成这项任务。

感顿市安乐阳光实验学校高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity Language points quiz练习新人教版选修8I. Complete the following sentences with proper words.1. James has e_______ to become a lawyer after graduation.2. The oil market is enjoying a b_____.3. The footprints are quite d_______; they must be fresh.4. A strong man will bear _________ (苦难) without complaining.5. The figure is expressed as a ___________ (百分比).6. The old lady held tightly onto the r____ as she climbed the stairs.7. I need to practise my ________ (Italy) before my business trip.8. This company makes no d__________ between the sexes.9. We are strongly opposed to _______ (种族的) discrimination.10. The __________ (大多数) of people seem to prefer TV to radio.II. Complete the following sentences without changing their meanings.1. After graduating they went to the West and decided to adapt to the life there.After graduating they went to the West and decided to _____ ___ _____ there.2. The ancient custom of well-dressing still exists in this old town. The ancient custom of well-dressing is ____ ____ in this old town.3. Thoughts are expressed through words.Thoughts are expressed ____ ______ ___ words.4. Most members of the committee have agreed to the proposal.____ ________ ___ the members of the committee have agreed to the proposal.III. Translate the following sentences.1. That is why __________________________________________ (今天还有40％的加利福尼亚人仍然用西班牙语) as a first or second language.2. It is believed that before long __________________________________ (多种国籍的混合将会非常之大) that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups.3. __________________ (那个县便繁荣起来) when gold was discovered there.4. There are strict controls on __________________________ (移民到这个国家).5. Those two ideas are ____________________________ (截然不同).6. The surviving sailors managed to ___________________________ (坚持到救生船来到).7. I found my bike _____________ (借助) a notice in the newspaper.8. India _______________________ (获得) Britain in 1947.9. Britain _______________ (对……宣战) Germany in 1914 on behalf of the entire empire.10. _____________________ (他返回后不久), a local war broke out near histown.。

选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity单元测试(一)笔试部分：I. 单项选择1. His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A. thatB. the fact whichC. the fact thatD. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I don't know _______.”A. from what city does she come fromB. from what city she comeC. what city does she come fromD. what city she comes from3. ________ makes mistakes must correct them.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhoeverD. Whatever4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A. whileB. thatC. ifD. for6.___ fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference from one aspect.A. WhatB. ThatC. ThisD. Which7. ______ scientists know where a storm will happen, winds will suddenly change, carrying the storm to a new direction.A. Even ifB. SinceC. DespiteD. Unless8._______ she couldn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer studentsshowed interests in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whatC. What; becauseD. Why; that9. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Let's see _________.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is10. When doing your history homework on the Civil War by typing in details to Google, a list of related books will ______ .A. come onB. come upC. come downD. come across11. Drama is a huge part of British culture and has been ______ with great success to other parts of the world.A. deliveredB. performedC. exportedD. shown12.The place _________the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which,; whereB. at which; whichC. at which; whereD. which; in which13. －What's the model plane look like?－The wings of the plane are ______ of its body.A. more than the length twiceB. twice more than the lengthC. more than twice the lengthD. more twice than the length14. Being young means having all kinds of possibilities, so you should challenge your limits and go ______ your boundaries.A. beyondB. forC. overD. above15. You can only tell the bad news to Sophia, Black and Allen, _____ itshould be kept.A. among themB. among whomC. between themD. between whom16. ― Why ______ you stay in the countryside, where it i s not convenient to go shopping?―But I've found it rather valuable for my health.A. canB. mustC. mayD. shall17. Here is ___ basic equipment you need for hiking and _____ basic tips for successful hiking.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; /18. The school themselves admit that not all children will successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained.A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which19. ---What attracts people to California is its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.---This is ________ each year a great number of people from all over the world try to _______ to California.A. how; immigrateB. Why; immigrateC. because; removeD. why; remove20. The most exciting thing for him was ______ he finally found two tinned fruits in ______ seemed to him to be a servant's bedroom .A. that; whatB. what; whatC. that; thatD. what; thatII 完形填空About a year ago, I went to stay at a Detroit hotel. I didn't want to 21 too much money with me, so I asked the desk clerk to put a hundred-dollar bill in the safe for me.The next morning, 22 , the clerk said that he knew nothing about my money. I didn't have any proof 23 I had given the man the money. There was clearly nothing left to do but go to the 24 lawyer.The lawyer 25 me to return to the hotel with him and give another hundred dollar bill to the desk. So we did. An hour later, I went 26 to the desk and asked for my money. 27 I had the lawyer as an eyewitness to the 28 hundred dollar bill, the clerk could not say he 29 nothing about it.Another hour later, I put the second part of the lawyer's 30 into action. This time both the lawyer and I went to the hotel to 31 for the hundred-dollar bill once again, and 32 the clerk insisted that he had given 33 to me, I said it was not true. The lawyer said to him, “ I 34 this gentleman give you a hundred-dollar bill. If you don't hand it 35 immediately, I will be for ced to call the 36 ”. The clerk realized he had been 37 , so he gave me back the firsthundred-dollar bill.“ I don't know 38 to thank you enough for 39 my money back.” I said to the lawyer. And what do you suppose he answered? He said, “ Oh, don't 40 me. That will be one hundred dollars, please.”21. A. carry B. lend C. spend D. hold22. A. but B. yet C. however D. instead23. A. where B. which C. why D. that24. A. nearest B. farthest C. good D. native25. A. advised B. promised C. agreed D. followed26. A. up B. down C. back D. along27. A. Though B. When C. Unless D. Since28. A. one B. another C. first D. second29. A. believed B. had C. knew D. heard30. A. law B. way C. plan D. words31. A. search B. ask C. make D. beg32. A. when B. though C. because D. as33. A. these B. this C. them D. it34. A. agreed B. saw C. let D. matched35. A. over B. in C. up D. out36. A. policeman B. officer C. official D. clerk37. A. punished B. helped C. cheated D. understood38. A. why B. how C. when D. where39. A. returning B. giving C. getting D. asking for40. A. believe B. thank C. leave D. foolIII 阅读理解ATURIN, Italy, Feb. 15, 2006 (Xinhua net) -- Chinese Wang Meng won the women's 500m short track speed skating Wednesday night, reaping China's first gold medal in the Turin Winter Olympic Games. The Olympic debutant (初次参赛者) led all the way to clock 44.345 seconds, winning the nation's third winter Olympic gold medal after Yang Yang's two in 2002.Bulgarian Evgenia Radanova, world record holder and 2002 silver medalist, had to settle for a silver again with a time of 44.374 seconds. Canada's Anouk Leblang-Boucher got the bronze in 44.759 with Chinese Fu Tianyu disqualified for cross tracking.The 20-year-old Wang, who has won four World Cup races over 500m, proved herself as the most consistent short tracker in the world. Her victory helped ease China's pain of losing an expected gold in the women's 500m long-track speed skating when World Cup leader Wang Manli came second to Russia's Svetlana Zhurova on Tuesday. Like China's Athens Olympic champion Liu Xiang, Wang jumped onto the podium and waved excitedly to the cheering crowd. "Until Ijumped onto the podium did I know my name had not yet been announced," Wang said, laughing. "I was just so excited and anxious to get onto the podium."South Koreans Kang Yun-Mi and Jin Sun-Yu, tipped as biggest threats to Chinese skaters before the competition, were edged out in the semifinals.41. Which of the following statements is true?A. Wang Manli had been expected to win the women's 500m long track speed skating but she failedB. Evgenia Radanova became world record holder in 2002.C. Wang Meng won the first gold medal in the Turin Winter OlympicGames.D. Svetlana Zhurova came second together with Wang Manli.42.Why did Wang Meng jumped onto the podium before her name was announced?Because Liu Xiang had done so before.Because she didn't understand the language.Because the cheering crowd wanted her to do so.Because she was so excited and anxious.43. How many skaters are mentioned in this passage?A. 10B. 9C. 11D. 844. Which of the following explanations is closest in meaning with theunderlined word “edged out” in the last paragraph?A. forbidden to take partB. kicked outC. chosenD. picked outBWith the number of college graduates climbing to a record high this year—some 2.12 million are entering the job market, an increase of 670,000, or 46.2 percent, over last year, many people are asking if China's first “McDonald's generation", born in the early 1980s,can stand the intense competition and find a place in the job market. They say this will be a test of both China's job market and its carefree younger generation.“Do not worry. We'll get whatever we want"，they tell each other to ease their own anxiety.Born in the early days of the country's reform and opening to the outside world, growing up in the market economy, the youngsters, familiar with McDonald's and Mickey Mouse, love to eat hamburgers, and wear foreign brand jeans and T-shirts and worship Bill Gates. Compared with their parents, they enjoy more freedom in looking for a job—and with that freedom coming burdens.These college graduates are seen scouring recruitment information in newspapers and journals, the Internet and job markets nationwide.Shortly after hotel management major, Hao Wenhua, a young woman from Chongqing in Southwest China, failed the recruitment test of a five star hotel in Guilin, South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. She appeared at a job market in Nanning, approximately 300 kilometers from Guilin, looking rather tired.Many businesses and companies say that they would take on experienced staff rather than the new graduates who are short of the experience of how to succeed in today's fast paced society.45. Which of the following groups of people belongs to China's first McDonald's generation?A. People who were born in the early days of China's reform and opening to the outside world.B. People who like to eat hamburgers and wear foreign brand clothes.C. People who admire Bill Gates.D. People who lack the experience of how to succeed in today's fast46.What can we infer from the story of Hao Wenhua in the passage? We can infer______ .A. that there are many chances to find jobs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionB. that hotel management is not a good major in collegeC. that there is intense competition in the job marketD. that many businesses and companies don't like new college graduates47.What is the best title for the passage?A. Fierce Competition in the Job MarketB. McDonald's Generation Has Grown up.CYour mobile phone rings, and instead of usual electronic signals, it's playing your favorite music. A friend sends you a favorite song to cheer you up. One day, a record company might forward new records and music videos to your phone.The mobile business is getting into the music business. For the moment, the interest is in pleasant ring tones, but some companies are hoping to take full advantage of the next generation of mobile phones---all –purpose gadgets that blend phone, personal stereo, video player and Internet browser into one. Finally, record companies might send new records and videos to fans who register their cell phone numbers.The fans could pass music or songs along to friends--- a kind of musical trading card. Unlike Internet tracks, mobile phone downloadswould be easy for record companies to control, said former record industry official Ralph Simon, who is now chairman of your mobile, based in Santa Monic, California. “If you pass a song along to other phones through a network, each phone can be charged,” said Simon. “It's like going through a toll (收费)gate. There's more possibility for copyright control than there is on the Internet.”Massachusetts-based converse is offering a service in Portugal and the Netherlands that let people record tunes on their voice mail or send music as presents to friends. Finally, people might be able to sing karaoke and pass them along. The company is sure that people will want to use music to reach out and touch someone.“A mobile phone is not a listening machine, and you'll be disappointed if you think you can change it into a radio,” said Ohad Ouziel, a creative manager for Converse in Israel. “But if someone sends you a song while you are on vacation, you appreciate the feeling.”48. The title of this passage should be _______.A. Wonderful Mobile PhonesB. The Music BusinessC. The Internet, A Modern InventionD. Music On Your Phone49.The underlined word “blend” (in Paragraph 2)probably means _______.A. sendB. becomeC. combineD. compare50.Record companies _______ the idea of passing songs and music along mobile phones.A. are worried aboutB. are interested inC. try hard to stopD. take no notice of51.According to Ralph Simon it would be easier to______ through the mobile phone network than on the Internet.A. protect the copyright of music worksB. send personal messagesC. pass music to friendsD. send voice mailDJune 26,2000—the Human Genome Project, a great 3 billion,15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life. But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.For the last few years, the genetic advances in fast developing field of biotechnology(生物学) have provided material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities forhuman health, as well as for the popular imagination。

Unit 1 A land of diversity - 词汇小测一、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)〔共10小题；共10分〕1. The business of this shop is (迅速开展) so that customers come with delight from far and near.2. We (推选) James chairman, for he was hard-working and responsible.3. He caught the ball, and then it (滑动) through his fingers.4. I won't agree to drive there; there's (无处) to park.5. A group of educators are helping to (改革) the educational system in the country.6. His attitude (明确) that he hadn't heard of what you have said.7. Having gone through plenty of (困难), he becomes stronger both in mind and in body.8. He was told to clean the classroom for a week as a (惩罚).9. After suffering such unfair treatment, the child felt there was no (正义) in the world.10. (抓住) any opportunity that comes to you, and you'll succeed.二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)〔共5小题；共5分〕11. My father h three men to help him with the harvest last summer.12. I was driving along the street looking for a place to park when the accident o .13. He fell asleep in class. A , he stayed up late last night.14. The vice president indicated that all a for the post should have a master's degree.15. He didn't realize that he had left his l at the station until he arrived home.三、单项选择〔共10小题；共10分〕16. Despite a lot of difficulties, he remains in California tomake life for himself by of cooking Chinese food.A. a; meansB. a; meaningC. the; meanD. the; means17. After 15 years in the USA, he was finally decidedto American citizenship.A. concentrate onB. apply forC. look out forD. appeal to18. I am sorry I didn't what you said. Can you explain itagain?A. turn downB. take inC. pick upD. carry out19. If you others to hire a car and see these famous touristspots, your will be more economical.A. team up withB. carry on withC. get along withD. put up with20. Although I often send emails to Tom, I have never seenhim .A. face to faceB. arm in armC. back to backD. hand in hand21. Since her childhood, she has always tried her best to herideals.A. live withB. live up toC. live throughD. live on22. Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to hiscourage.A. hold upB. keep upC. step upD. take up23. --- What do you think of Harry, our new classmate?--- I am not sure, but he is always asking questions.A. a great many ofB. a great manyC. a great numberD. a great amount of24. Being color-blind, Sophie can't make a between red andgreen.A. differenceB. distinctionC. divisionD. comparison25. It suddenly to the detective that the tall man wasprobably murdered by his own daughter.A. happenedB. occurredC. thoughtD. struck答案一、单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词)1. booming2. elected3. slipped4. nowhere5. reform6. indicated7. hardships8. punishment9. justice10. Grasp二、单词拼写(单句首字母填空)11. hired12. occurred13. Apparently14. applicants15. luggage三、单项选择16. A 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. B。

Unit 1 A land of diversity单元测试人教新课标选修8Test 1 (Book 8 ---Unit 1)第一局部：听力〔略〕第二局部：英语知识运用〔共两节，总分为45分〕第一节语法和词汇知识〔共15小题；每一小题1分，总分为15分〕21. George Washington was born in 1732 in a rich family in _______ is now the state of Virginia.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. what22. Pudong Developmental Zone is no longer a rural area ________ it used to be.A. whatB. whereC. despiteD. there23.It is _______ that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it.A. obviouslyB. apparentlyC. possiblyD. likely24. Eventually he gave in to the wish of the ________.A. mostB. majorityC. averageD. common25. They _______ Tom to record the hit single.A. kept up withB. caught up withC. put up withD. teamed up with26. He‘d _________a volleyball court on the beach with stick.A. turned outB. marked outC. made outD. broken out27.I’m told that you are going to Canada to have a three month further study. Don’t let such a good chance to improve your English _____ through your fingers.A. skiB. spreadsC. slipsD. skip28. Students sometimes support themselves by _______ of part- time jobs.A. waysB. helpC. meansD. assistance28. Didn’t it ever ________to you that one day you wouldn’t be fired because ofyour carelessness?A. dreamB. occurC. expectD. happen29. Students sometimes support themselves by ______ of part time job.A. waysB. helpC. meansD. assistance30. I have no _______ to the plan, so long as it would not cost too much.A. refusalB. commentC. ideaD. objection31. The reason why I didn’t go to France was __________ a new job.A. because I gotB. because of gettingC. I gotD. that I got32. A dog ran in front of my mother’s car and she __________ stop very quickly.A. ought toB. had betterC. used toD. had to33. I feel it an honour __________ to speak here.A. to askB. askingC. to be askedD. asked34. My goodness, look at the time! It’s nine o’clock already and I’m __________ at breakfast.A. stillB. yetC. everD. only35. He swallowed his words so much that I can never __________ what he is saying.A. make outB. catch upC. deal withD. listen to第二节完形填空〔共20小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为30分〕阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最优选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。