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◆日文名：くらんかなめ◆英文名：Kuran Kaname◆中文名：玖兰枢◆拼音：jiǔ lán shū◆配音：岸尾大辅（日）、Ezra Weisz（英）、李致林（粤）◆阶级：纯血种 Level A◆生日设定：10月26日（10月23日－11月22日，天蝎座，具备迷一样的神秘感、深藏不漏、重情感、城府深的星座、是正是邪按个体差异而体现、先前出现的生日1月13日是属于其他星座，可能由于角色的气质看上去带有浓重的抑郁特色。
）◆身高：184cm◆擅长科目：全能◆特殊能力：用意念摧毁事物、透视、使非纯血统的吸血鬼臣服于他（有许多种，大部分未知。
最后一种是纯血统的能力，虽然很伟大，但本人并不希望如此。
）◆父亲：玖兰悠（过世）◆母亲：玖兰树里（过世）◆妹妹&未婚妻：玖兰优姬（黑主优姬）◆叔父：玖兰李土（被锥生零杀死）◆堂弟：支葵千里◆姓名：锥生零◆英文：KIRYU ZERO◆所属：黑主学院日间部2年级◆年龄：17（漫画里已经过了一年了，所以现在18）◆血型：A型◆生日：未知（关于3月28日一说，经过零吧吧务组考察，证明为误传，官方公式书和任何资料均未公布其生日，详情可参见引用注释中所列吸血鬼骑士吧公告，有关其双胞胎锥生一缕生日为3月28日一说，经过官方资料查证，亦为杜撰，请勿相信任何无根据信息）[1][2]◆星座：因生日未知，故无星座可述◆身高：181cm◆外貌：银发紫眸◆种族：人类（14岁以前），（14岁以后）吸血鬼、吸血鬼猎人◆吸血鬼等级：Level D（以前是人类的吸血鬼）锥生零漫画版人物形象(11张) 在校成绩：天才般的优秀◆擅长科目：理科◆特技：料理、骑马、射击◆在校内的特别活动：风纪委员（守护者Guardian）◆使用武器：血蔷薇之枪（只能用来射杀吸血鬼而不能够用于人类，原主人是黑主理事长）◆家庭成员：父、母，同为猎人，已故；双胞胎弟弟（锥生一缕），后故。
◆尊敬的人：师父（为保护零因而失去右眼，同时让零知道吸血鬼是一种怎样的生物）◆喜欢的穿着：随便[2]◆喜欢的食物：盐汤拉面、西红柿蔬菜汤◆声优：宫野真守（日文原版）、曹启谦（粤）、Vic Mignogna（英）◆称呼：黑主理事长（黑主灰阎）◆声优：乡田穂积（CD：子安武人）/香港：陈廷轩◆罗马音：Kurosu Kaien （黑主灰阎）Korosu Rizichou（黑主理事长）Mr. Cross◆绰号：没有獠牙的吸血鬼，传说中的吸血鬼猎人◆身高：184CM◆血型：AB型◆年龄：具体不详，从漫画得知超过二百岁◆简介：一个脾气很好又很会装傻的人，标准的伪脱线，漫画41话与十牙一起反抗猎人协会（果然还是把头发散下来比较帅）。
No.1 （ナンバーワン）「掟上今日子の备忘録」主题歌歌手：西野カナ(西野加奈) 作词：Kana Nishino作曲：KENTZ・LISA DESMOND・MARIA MARCUS伤(きず)つくかもしれないなら気(き)まずくなっちゃうくらいならAh 恋(こい)なんてもうしない方(ほう)がいいのかな优(やさ)しくしてくれる谁(だれ)かと适当(てきとう)に付(つ)き合(あ)うくらいならAh いっそのこと一人(ひとり)でいた方(ほう)がいいの耻(は)ずかしくて目(め)をそらすとか紧张(きんちょう)してうまく话(はな)せないなんてありえない大人(おとな)なんだしかっこよく生(い)きたいのにCause baby you’re my No.No.No.No.1And you’re the only only only only oneその笑颜(えがお) その瞳(ひとみ) 全(すべ)てがドキドキさせるCause baby you’re my No.No.No.No.1And you’re the only only only only oneょっと自分(じぶん)でも怖(こわ)いくらいI wanna be your No.1この想(おも)い止(と)まらない仕事(しごと)も手(て)に付(つ)かないなら自分(じぶん)らしくいられないならAh いっそのこと好(す)きじゃない事(こと)にしたいメールの返信(へんしん)がないとか今何(いまなに)してるのかな？なんて気(き)にしない忙(いそが)しいしクールに生(い)きたいのにCause baby you’re my No.1And you’re the only one分(わ)からないその心(こころ) 全(すべ)てがイライラさせるCause baby you’re my No.No.No.No.1And you’re the only only only only oneちょっと自分(じぶん)でも怖(こわ)いくらいI wanna be your No.1この想(おも)い止(と)まらない戸惑(とまど)いもプライドもAh少(すこ)しずつ崩(くず)れてくキライ・キライ・やっぱりスキ本気(ほんき)で好(す)きでもいいかなI wanna be your No.1Cause baby you’re my No.No.No.No.1And you’re the only only only only oneその笑颜(えがお) その瞳(ひとみ) 全(すべ)てがドキドキさせるCause baby you’re my No.No.No.No.1And you’re the only only only only one自分(じぶん)でも怖(こわ)いくらいI wanna be your No.1この想(おも)い止(と)まらない。
12th「君って」歌手：西野カナ作词：Kana Nishino作曲：SAEKI youthK(rhythm zone)日文+罗马音：ねえ覚えてる?ne e o bo e te ru君がくれた言叶ki mi ga ku re ta ko to ba胸の中で光ってるmu ne no na ka de ki ka atte ruもしあの时君がいなかったらmo shi a no to ki ki mi gai na ka atta ra今の私はいないかもi ma no wa ta shi ha i nai ka moどうしたの?らしくないねdou shi ta no ra shi ku na i ne暗い颜してku rai kan wo shi te一人じゃどうしようもないこともhi to ri ja dou sho u mo na i ko to mo二人なら怖くないって言ったでしょfu ta ri na ra ko wa ku na itte itta de sho君って君ってki mi itte ki mi itte泣いたりしないんだねnai ta ri shi nai n da ne思い出してごらんよo mo i da shi te ko ran yo私は私はwa ta shi wa wa ta shi wa不器用だけど今はmu ki yo wo da ke do ima waすべてを受け止めたいからsu be te o ke to me ta i ka raここにいるよko ko ni i ru yo语り合ったお互いの梦はka ta ri atta o ta ka i no yu me ha(wo)まだ远すぎて见えないけどma da to su ki te mi e nai ke do何にも无駄じゃないとna ni mo mu da ja na i to教えてくれたo shi e te ku re ta君ががんばるから负けたくないki mi ga gan ba ru ka ra ma ke ta ku na i二人なら叶えられるでしょfu ta ri na ra ka na e ra re ru de sho君って君ってki mi itte ki mi itteいつでも强いんだねi tsu de mo zu yoi n do ne思い出してごらんよo mo i da shi te ko ran yo~私は私はwa ta shi wa wa ta shi wa不器用だけど今はmu ki yo wo da ke do ima wa弱さも见せてほしいからyo wa sa mo mi se te ho shi i ka raここにいるよko ko ni i ru yoI will stay with youたとえ何があってもta to e na ni ga atte moつまづいても迷ってもtsu ma zu i te mo ma yoi itte moBabe you know ,I will stay with youどんな悄悄でもちゃんと隣にいるからdon na ku ra ya mi de mo syan to tonari ni i ru ka ra 君と出会った日からki mi to da atta hi kara変わったよMy lifekawa atta yo my life嬉しいことは二人分でure shi i ko to ha fu ta ri fu deつらいことは分け合ってrai ko to wa wa kea atte辉くよBrand new dayska ga (ya) ku yo brand new daysだから颜上げてよda kara kawo ge te yo私がいるよwa ta shi ga i ru yo君って君ってki mi itte ki mi itte泣いたりしないんだねnai ta ri shi nai n da ne思い出してごらんよo mo i da shi te ko ran yo~私は私はwa ta shi wa wa ta shi wa不器用だけど今はmu ki yo wo da ke do ima waすべてを受け止めたいからsu be te wo ke to me ta i karaここにいるよko ko ni i ru yoI will stay with youたとえ何があってもta to e na ni ga atte moつまづいても迷ってもtsu ma zu i te mo ma yoi itte moBaby you know, I will stay with youどんな悄悄でもちゃんと隣にいるからdon na na ku ra ya mi de mo sya n to tonari ni i ru ka ra私が隣にいるからwa ta shi ga to na ri ni i ru ka ra中文翻译：呐还记得么？你对我说过的话还在我心中闪闪发光若是那个时候没有你的话或许就没有此刻的我了吧怎么了？不像你了呢低沉着脸你不是说过么一个人不行的话两个人就不用怕了你从来都可不能哭呢好好想一想啊我尽管很没用可是此刻我预备好了面对这一切因此我在那个地址呢尽管咱们说过的两边的妄图此刻还遥不可及你告知过我的这些都不是徒劳的你一直在尽力不想舍弃两个人的话就能够实现了吧你一直都很顽强好好想一想啊我尽管很没用可是此刻也想给你看看我弱小的一面因此我在那个地址呢I will stay with you就算发生什么就算会摔倒会迷茫Babe you know I will stay with you不论何等漆黑的日子我都会牢牢守在你身旁和你相遇那时起My life就开始改变两个人分享欢乐一路分担艰辛Brand new days 闪耀着因此扬起额头我还在你身旁呢你从来都可不能哭呢好好想一想啊我尽管很没用可是此刻我预备好了面对这一切因此我在那个地址呢。
「love slave～ラブ·スレイブ」（ラブ.スレイブ～両耳から愛の奴隷）アルバム『花宵ロマネスクキャラクターCD 宝生葵「love slave」』(2006/7/15) ゲーム『花宵ロマネスク』詞：ドン·マッコウ曲：村木康生歌：宝生葵(ほうせいあおい) (CV:遊佐浩二)翻訳：roiiNaa Kono Card doumou Yubide tsumamiなあ？このカードどう思う？指で摘（つま）み「吶,這手尖捏著的張牌你猜是什麼?」Moshi Acewo hiiteta nara Oreno kachidaもしエースを引いてたならオレの勝（か）ちだ「如果抽出的是ACE我就是贏家了」Koi no Rule恋のルール「戀愛潛規則」Oritemo ii降りてもいい「大可出局了」Dou shi taiどうしたい？「你想怎麼做」Nani wo tomadotteru何を戸惑(とまど)ってる？「在困惑什麼」Shinjitsu wa darenimo wakarihashi nai kara#真実は誰にも解りはしないから「所謂的真實誰都無法得知」Kakehiki dake umakute駆け引きだけ上手(うま)くて「唯靠高明手段而如魚得水」Aito yobitachi nara Katteni sure baii愛と呼びたちなら勝手(かって)にすればいい「所謂的真愛隨心所欲便是」Hoshii no nara Daite yaru欲しいのなら抱いてやる#「渴求的話就來緊緊相擁吧」Saa ikasama wo minuke tara Oerewo ageyouさあイカサマを見抜けたらオレをあげよう「來,除下的矜持全部交由我接收吧」Nozamu mamani kino sumumade Ubae baii望むままに気のすむまで奪えばいい「如期待般竭斯底裡的吻來奪便是」Atsu toiki熱い吐息「熾熱的吐息」Kao chika duke顔近づけ「親近的臉龐」Mitsume aiみつめ合い「相互的凝視」Kawasu kuchi dukenoかわす口づけの「唇舌的相交」Tsugunai wa darenimo dekinado shinai kara償(つぐな)いは誰にも出来などしないから「誰也不會事後補償什麼」Gomakasu koto oboete誤魔化(ごまか)すこと覚えて「做好逢場作戲的覺悟吧」Nukumori ga nogotta Sheet wo nukedashite*温もりが残ったシーツを抜け出して「溜出殘留著體温的床單」Okado chigaito Sayonaraおかど違いとサヨナラ*「不是對的人就要説再見」Kemuri yureru Kokorono meikyuuni煙(けむり) 搖れる心の迷宫(めいきゅう)に「塵煙彌漫著我心之迷宮」Mayoikonda Aino junrija wa迷い込んだ愛の巡礼者(じゅんりじゃ)は「迷路誤闖進愛的巡禮者」Kobami yurushi Tamerai mata modae拒（こば）み許（ゆる）しためらいまた悶(もだ)え「拒絶?迎許?躊躇又苦惱」Soredemo nao hanarerare nainosaそれでもなお離れられないのさ「儘管如此還是不能離開」Futari no kage二人の影「二人的身影」Getsumei rini月明(げつめい)りに「在月光之下」kasanatte重なって「互相重疊的」Nureru kuchibiru no濡(ぬ)れる唇(くちびる)の「濕潤的雙唇」Repeat@*------------- 天籟之声 X 宝生葵 X YUSA ------------- made by roii //.. 2010.4.24------------- 終わり -------------[ti:love slave][ar:宝生葵 (CV:遊佐浩二)][al:花宵ロマネスクキャラクターCD 宝生葵「love slave」][by:roii][00:-1.20]「love slave～ラブ·スレイブ」（ラブ.スレイブ～両耳から愛の奴隷）[00:00.20]アルバム『花宵ロマネスクキャラクターCD 宝生葵「love slave」』(2006/7/15)[00:01.89]ゲーム『花宵ロマネスク』[00:03.06]詞：ドン·マッコウ[00:04.92]曲：村木康生[00:05.99]歌：宝生葵(ほうせいあおい) (CV:遊佐浩二)[00:08.50]翻訳：roii[00:09.57][00:10.58]なあ？このカードどう思う？「吶,這張牌你猜是什麼?」[00:16.99]指で摘（つま）み「手尖捏著的」[00:20.51]もしエースを引いてたなら「如果抽出的是ACE」[00:27.70]オレの勝（か）ちだ「我就是贏家了」[00:29.71][00:32.77]恋のルール「戀愛潛規則」[00:37.37]降りてもいい「大可出局了」[00:39.24][00:42.86]どうしたい？「你想怎麼做」[00:46.20]何を戸惑(とまど)ってる？「在困惑什麼」[00:48.88][00:51.60]真実は誰にも解りはしないから「所謂的真實誰都無法得知」[00:56.41]駆け引きだけ上手(うま)くて「唯靠高明手段而如魚得水」[01:00.79]愛と呼びたちなら「所謂的真愛」[01:03.56]勝手(かって)にすればいい「隨心所欲便是」[01:06.05]欲しいのなら抱いてやる「渴求的話就來緊緊相擁吧」[01:11.72][01:14.27][01:15.27]さあイカサマを見抜けたら「來~除下的矜持」[01:21.71]オレをあげよう「全部交由我接收吧」[01:25.06]望むままに「如期待般」[01:28.91]気のすむまで「竭斯底裡的吻」[01:32.42]奪えばいい「來奪便是」[01:34.98][01:37.32]熱い吐息「熾熱的吐息」[01:42.13]顔近づけ「親近的臉龐」[01:43.94][01:47.53]みつめ合い「相互的凝視」[01:51.07]かわす口づけの「唇舌的相交」[01:54.31][01:56.33]償(つぐな)いは誰にも「誰也不會」[01:58.76]出来などしないから「事後補償什麼」[02:01.12]誤魔化(ごまか)すこと覚えて「做好逢場作戲的覺悟」[02:05.79]温もりが残った「溜出殘留著」[02:08.31]シーツを抜け出して「體温的床單」[02:10.76]おかど違いとサヨナラ「不是對的人就要説"再見"」[02:16.70][02:22.60][02:24.83]煙(けむり) 搖れる「塵煙彌漫著」[02:27.06]心の迷宫(めいきゅう)に「我心之迷宮」[02:30.07]迷い込んだ「迷路誤闖進」[02:32.18]愛の巡礼者(じゅんりじゃ)は「愛的巡禮者」[02:34.64]拒（こば）み許（ゆる）し「拒絶? 迎許?」[02:36.95]ためらいまた悶(もだ)え「躊躇又苦惱」[02:39.51]それでもなお離れられないのさ「儘管如此還是不能離開」[02:43.76][02:46.90]二人の影「二人的身影」[02:51.66]月明(げつめい)りに「在月光之下」[02:53.51][02:57.09]重なって「互相重疊的」[03:00.82]濡(ぬ)れる唇(くちびる)の「濕潤的雙唇」[03:03.16][03:06.03]真実は誰にも解りはしないから「所謂的真實誰都無法得知」[03:10.55]駆け引きだけ上手(うま)くて「唯靠高明手段而如魚得水」[03:15.50]愛と呼びたちなら「所謂的真愛」[03:17.75]勝手(かって)にすればいい「隨心所欲便是」[03:20.28]欲しいのなら抱いてやる「渴求的話就來緊緊相擁吧」[03:25.12]温もりが残った「溜出殘留著」[03:27.34]シーツを抜け出して「體温的床單」[03:29.72]おかど違いとサヨナラ「不是對的人就要説"再見"」[03:37.27][04:09.12]------------- 天籟之声 X 宝生葵 X YUSA ------------- [04:19.12]made by roii //.. 2010.4.24[04:29.12]------------- 終わり -------------。
魔性の天使Mashou no Tenshi歌：三桥加奈子(奇牙) Sung by Mitsuhashi Kanako (Killua)..日文..机械仕挂けの笼の鸟梦の渊Kikai- jikake no kago no tori, yume no uchi时の记忆が夜に抱かれるtoki no kioku ga yoru ni dakareru.羽をもがれて笑っている青い蝶Hane o mogarete waratteru aoi choo镇魂歌（レクイエム）でも用意しようかrekuiemu demo yooi shiyouka.そんな目で见られたら见透かされそうSonna me de miraretara misukasaresou.死臭で冷えた体暖められてくShishuu de hieta karada atatamerareteku.＊魔性の天使乾いた肌に沁み込んでゆくざわめきMashou no tenshi kawaita hada ni shimikondeyuku zawameki.魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせてMashou no tenshi fukyoowaon no hateshinai kyooki nemurasete.光る水泡（みなわ）に暗闇が溶けるならこのまま君と笑っていたいHikaru minawa ni kurayami ga tokerunara konomama kimi to waratteitai.预言者が语りだす树海（もり）の寓话（ぐうわ）が幻梦（まぼろし）に変わるなら神话が生まれるYogensha ga kataridasu: "Mori no guuwa ga maboroshi ni kawaru nara shinwa ga umareru".魔性の天使カルマが踊るその眼间（まなかい）つぶやくMashou no tenshi karuma ga odoru sono managai de tsubuyaku.魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせてMashou no tenshi fukyoowaon no hateshinai kyooki nemurasete.そんな眼（め）で见られたら见透かされそうSonna me de miraretara misukasaresou.死臭で冷えた体暖められてくShishuu de hieta karada atatamerareteku.魔性の天使乾いた肌に沁み込んでゆくざわめきMashou no tenshi kawaita hada ni shimikondeyuku zawameki.魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせてMashou no tenshi fukyoowaon no hateshinai kyooki nemurasete.中文..机械装置的笼中鸟梦的边缘在夜里怀抱着时间的记忆羽翼挣扎着却仍笑着蓝色的蝴蝶连安魂曲也准备了吧或许会被这样的双眼看穿死臭冰冷的躯体也变得温暖魔性的天使从干枯的肌肤里缓缓渗入魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沈沈睡去如果发光的水泡能将黑暗溶解这瞬间希望能与你一同欢笑预言者说着森林的寓言如幻梦般变化创造出神话魔性的天使跳著舞在『眼间』呢喃魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沈沈睡去或许会被这样的双眼看穿死臭冰冷的躯体也变得温暖魔性的天使从干枯的肌肤里缓缓渗入魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沈沈睡去魔性の天使Mashou no Tenshi 歌：三桥加奈子(奇犽) Sung by Mitsuhashi Kanako (Killua) 机械仕挂けの笼の鸟梦の渊 机械装置的笼中鸟梦的边缘 ki ka i ji ka ke no ka go no to ri yu me no u chi. 时の记忆が夜に抱かれる 在夜里怀抱着时间的记忆 to ki no ki o ku ga yo ru ni da ka re ru. 羽をもがれて笑っている青い蝶 羽翼挣扎着却仍笑着蓝色的蝴蝶 ha ne o mo ga re te wa ra tte ru a o i cho o. 镇魂歌（レクイエム）でも用意しようか 连安魂曲也准备了吧 re ku i e mu de mo yo o i shi yo u ka. そんな目で见られたら见透かされそう 或许会被这样的双眼看穿 so n na me de mi ra re ta ra mi su ka sa re so u. 死臭で冷えた体暖められてく 死臭冰冷的躯体也变得温暖 shi shu u de hi e ta ka ra da a ta ta me ra re te ku. 魔性の天使乾いた肌に沁み込んでゆくざわめき 魔性的天使从干枯的肌肤里缓缓渗入 ma sho u no te n shi ka wa i ta ha da ni shi mi ko n de yu ku za wa me ki. 魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせて 魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沉沉睡去 ma sho u no te n shi fu kyo o wa o n no ha te shi na i kyo o ki ne mu ra se te. 光る水泡（みなわ）に暗闇が溶けるならこのまま君と笑っていたい 如果发光的水泡能将黑暗溶解这瞬间希望能与你一同欢笑 hi ka ru mi na wa ni ku ra ya mi ga to ke ru na ra ko no ma ma ki mi to wa ra tte i ta i. 预言者が语りだす树海（もり）の寓话（ぐうわ）が幻梦（まぼろし）に変わるなら 神话が生まれる 预言者说着森林的寓言如幻梦般变化创造出神话 yo ge n sha ga ka ta ri da su: "mo ri no gu u wa ga ma bo ro shi ni ka wa ru na ra shi n wa ga u ma re ru". 魔性の天使カルマが踊るその眼间（まなかい）つぶやく 魔性的天使跳着舞在『眼间』呢喃 ma sho u no te n shi ka ru ma ga o do ru so no ma na ga i de tsu bu ya ku. 魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせて 魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沉沉睡去 ma sho u no te n shi fu kyo o wa o n no ha te shi na i kyo o ki ne mu ra se te. そんな眼（め）で见られたら见透かされそう 或许会被这样的双眼看穿 so n na me de mi ra re ta ra mi su ka sa re so u. 死臭で冷えた体暖められてく 死臭冰冷的躯体也变得温暖 shi shu u dehi e ta ka ra da a ta ta me ra re te ku. 魔性の天使乾いた肌に沁み込んでゆくざわめき 魔性的天使从干枯的肌肤里缓缓渗入 ma sho u no te n shi ka wa i ta ha da ni shi mi ko n de yu ku za wa me ki. 魔性の天使不协和音の果てしない狂気眠らせて 魔性的天使不协和音的无尽狂气沉沉睡去 ma sho u no te n shi fu kyo o wa o n no ha te shi na i kyo o ki ne mu ra sete 编曲佐桥俊彦 中文《魔性的天使》，日文《魔性の天使》，《Hunter X Hunter》中奇犽的角色歌，由全职猎人1999年日本ANIMATION公司制作动画声优三桥加奈子演唱。
Kana no Senshi (Kana Warrior):A New Interface for Learning Japanese CharactersKristen StubbsDepartment of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN 55455 USAkstubbs@ABSTRACTThis paper presents the design and testing of Kana Warrior, a new interface for basic Japanese character recognition based on a game-style user interface. Kana Warrior is a game designed to help Japanese students learn to read characters quickly. A small pilot study has been conducted with very encouraging results. These results support the idea that game-style interfaces may be of benefit to users outside of the realm of entertainment programs.KeywordsGame interface, language learning, JapaneseINTRODUCTIONBeginning students of Japanese are often frustrated by the fact that they must learn three separate alphabets in order to be able to read and write in proper Japanese. The two phonetic alphabets, known as kana, are called hiragana and katakana; these alphabets are used to spell out native Japanese words and words of foreign origin, respectively. The third alphabet, known as kanji, consists of thousands of characters borrowed from Chinese that represent entire words and ideas. Before learning kanji, however, each student must master all of the basic kana. In this project, a new computer interface for helping beginning Japanese students to master these basic characters was designed, built, and tested. The goal of this research is to create an interface that is both more fun for students to use and more effective in helping them learn to read kana quickly. The program that was developed and tested is called Kana no Senshi (Kana Warrior).RELATED WORKCreating program interfaces based on computer games is a relatively new idea in the HCI community. Clanton in [2] proposes a set of guidelines that interface designers canCopyright is held by the author/owner(s).CHI 2003, April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.ACM 1-58113-630-7-03/2004. use based off of computer and video games. One of the more interesting examples of applying game UI to a work-related task is PSDoom [1], developed by Chao. Chao adapted the Doom game engine in order to assist users in managing the processes running on their computers. While a game interface may not have been perfectly suited to this particular task, there may still be other tasks well-suited for which a game-style. The development of Kana Warrior has focused on the application of a computer game UI to a language learning problem.Little work has been done in the HCI community regarding computer games for foreign language instruction, especially the learning of foreign characters. Regardless, numerous computer programs have been created to help Japanese students learn kana. On the whole, however, they tend to be very similar. The two main types of user interaction are multiple-choice type questions, in which the user is presented with a kana or a Romanized syllable and asked to choose its translation from a list; and typing, in which the user is presented with kana and must type in the appropriate Romanization. The Kana Game created by Jesse Lake [4] and Kana for Windows by ComCul International [3] are good examples of traditional kana-learning interfaces. It is important to note that traditional interfaces do not place any emphasis on reading kana quickly; in both the Kana Game and Kana for Windows, the user has essentially unlimited time to answer any given question. While these and other language programs are often successful, they are not designed to be entertaining as games are. Kana Warrior is designed to be a game, following such design principles as outlined by Clanton. At the same time, it attempts to provide a means for players to learn effectively.INTERFACE DESIGNThe design of Kana Warrior was inspired by the Sega game The Typing of the Dead, itself an extension of Sega's The House of the Dead, a first-person shooting game [5]. The Typing of the Dead is a typing tutor; the player must kill zombies by typing the English phrases displayed next to them before the zombie reaches the player and takes away one of the player's lives. In Kana Warrior, however,Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).CHI 2003, April 5-10, 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.ACM 1-58113-637-4/03/0004894each zombie has associated with it one Japanese character (either hiragana or katakana) as shown in Figure 1 below. Players must type the correct romanization in order to kill the zombie. As correct letters are typed, zombies appear wounded and a progress bar indicating the total number of letters required is updated to show how many letters have been typed. When a player successfully kills a zombie, some number of circle symbols appear indicating how well the player did; more circles indicate greater speed and accuracy. These symbols represent the number of points a player earned for that particular zombie. The player's health is shown in the upper-left hand corner of the screen. When a zombie reaches the player, it momentarily displays the correct romanization for its kana before reducing the player's health and disappearing.Figure 1. Screenshot from Kana Warrior.The Kana Warrior interface has several advantages over more traditional Japanese character recognition programs. Most notably, it challenges players to read kana quickly, as they only have a limited amount of time before a zombie reaches them. As the player progresses, zombies move more quickly to encourage the player to read even faster. An additional benefit is feedback in the form of the circle symbols; the player can judge how well he or she is doing not only by whether or not he or she typed the kana correctly, killing a zombie, but also by how fast and how accurate he or she was. With these features, Kana Warrior is designed to be more fun to use than traditional programs; if players find the game both exciting and beneficial, hopefully they would continue to play it and further improve their kana-reading skills.PILOT STUDYSix beginning Japanese students were able to participate in a small pilot study comparing Kana Warrior to a traditional interface. The students had the opportunity to use both programs, during which time their performance was monitored, as well as to fill out a brief survey regarding their own preferences about the interfaces. There were few significant differences in student performance between the two interfaces, although it is interesting to note that students who used Kana Warrior first tended to type faster when using a traditional interface. In addition, every participant rated Kana Warrior as more fun to use than the traditional interface.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSOn the whole, the results of the pilot study were very encouraging. While it is difficult to draw far-reaching conclusions when working with so few users over such a short period of time, the students’ performance suggests that a game-style user interface is at least as effective for helping them to learn kana as a traditional interface and is also more entertaining.To better understand the differences between this new game-style interface and a traditional interface, a longitudinal study with more participants would be extremely useful. This would allow long-term tracking of students' performance as they used each interface. Kana Warrior itself would benefit from improved graphics and the use of sound effects. Eventually it may be extended to help players learn kanji as well.While this study has yielded very preliminary results, these results do support Chao’s conclusion that game interfaces may prove beneficial to users outside of the context of pure entertainment. In addition, it is likely that the Kana Warrior interface could be modified for other language-learning environments. The relative success of Kana Warrior suggests that game-style user interfaces should be considered in future user interface development for similar problems.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe author would like to thank Dr. Loren Terveen for his advice and encouragement. She also appreciates the assistance and input of her Japanese instructors Mr. Kenichi Tazawa and Ms. Kazue Oda.REFERENCES1. D. L. Chao. Doom as an Interface for ProcessManagement. In Proceedings of the SIGCHIConference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI Letters 3, 1), pages 152-7. ACM Press, NewYork, 2001.2. Clanton, Chuck. An Interpreted Demonstration ofComputer Game Design, in Proceedings of CHI '98(Los Angeles CA, April 1998), ACM Press, 1-2.3. ComCul International. Kana for Windows. Availableat /~comcul/ .4. Lake, J. The Hiragana/Katakana Game. Available at/~lakejess/kanjigame.html .5. Sega Corporation. http://www.sega.co.jp .895。
