英语专业八级人文知识GeneralKnowledg

专八GeneralKnowledge知识点(4)38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）. 联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”; it means nowhere land in Greek.44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里mat中的 m和 bat中的 b46. polysemy: 一词多义47. patron saint：保护圣徒, 守护神48. Parentese: 父母语49. back formation: 逆构词脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter → typewrite50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s在 cats中，z在dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.【。

第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌)：The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag（国旗）: 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原)：落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。

The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉)：“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁，大陆分水岭。

The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区)：洛基山脉等。

The Mississippi River (密西西比河)：美国最长、最重要的河流。

世界上第三长的大陆河流（第一长：非洲尼罗河；第二长：南美洲的亚马逊河。

）Missouri river是其最长的分支。

其被称作：“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖：从西到东：都位于美国东北部。

其是世界上最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。

Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖，为世界最大淡水湖)，Lake Michigan(密执安胡，五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内)，Lake Huron(休伦湖)，Lake Erie (伊利湖)，Lake Ontario（安大略湖）The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)：在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。

Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市：地区概述：“美国”的表达有五种：The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区（哥伦比亚特区，即首都华盛顿所在地）本土有48个州，另外的两个海外州是：阿拉斯加（首府：Juneau朱诺）和夏威夷（Hawaii，主产：甘蔗和菠萝，最重要产业：旅游业，首府：Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷32(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Which mountain boasts the highest point in Canada?A．Mount Columbia(Alberta)B．Unnamed Peak(Northwest Territories)C．Mount Logan(Yukon)D．Summit Devon Ice Cap(Nunavut)正确答案：C解析：加拿大国内最高点是位于育空特别行政区(Yukon)境内的洛根山。

知识模块：人文知识2．Throughout the 1600s, ______founded permanent settlements in Canada.A．England and SpainB．Spain and ItalyC．Italy and FranceD．France and England正确答案：D解析：法国和英国殖民者于17世纪在加拿大建立了永久性的居住地。

知识模块：人文知识3．Australia was first colonized on January 26, ______, which is now known as Australia Day.A．1770B．1787C．1788D．1861正确答案：C解析：1788年1月26日英国殖民者菲利普首先在澳大利亚建立了永久居住地，这一天成为澳大利亚国庆日。

知识模块：人文知识4．The official language(s)of New Zealand is(are)______.A．EnglishB．FrenchC．MaoriD．English and Maori正确答案：D解析：新西兰的官方语言是英语和毛利语。

1.In 1492, Columbus discovered the New World.2.The world-famous Harvard University is established in Massachusetts in 1636.3.Current population in the UK is not the decedents of the Romans.4.The capital city of Canada is Ottawa.5.Morpheme is the minimal formal element of meaning in language.6.The study of the formation and composition of words is morphology.7.The study of language structure is grammar.mon Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine.It was first published anonymously on January 10,1776,during the American Revolution.9.Beowulf is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.10.The author of The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer.11.North America borders both the North Atlantic Ocean and North Pacific Ocean.12.Stonehenge is a tourist attraction in the United Kingdom.13.The Anglo Saxons began to settle in Britain in the 5th century.14.According to the Official Language of Art of Canada, there are two official languages in this country,they are English and French.15.An important topical division of linguistics is between the study of language structure and the study of meaning.16.Semantics is a branch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning.17.Pragmatics is the study of meaning, not as generated by the linguistic system but as conveyed and manipulated by participants in a communicative situation.18.Thoreau and Emerson are two famous representatives of Transcendentalism.19.“To be, or not to be---that is a question; whether’tis nobler in the mind to suffer...”Who said these words? Hamlet.20.Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained were written by John Milton.21.On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in New York which housed the government then.22.Franklin D.Roosevelt was the American President during World War Ⅱ23.Between 1337 and 1453,the Hundred Years’ War took place in Britain between Briton and Frenchman.24.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan, which is in southwest Yukon Territory, Canada.25.Sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.26.Which one of the following sub-fields of linguistics is concerned with the processes of language comprehension and production? Psycholinguistics.27.Which of the following sub-fields of linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems?Applied linguistics28.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was the first American to translate Dante Alighieri’s The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.29.The largest and most important poetic form of the Restoration Literature is satire.30.Rape of the Lock was written by Alexander pope.。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humanA．contact.B．communication.C．relation.D．community.正确答案：B解析：语言是人类在交际中使用的一套任意的声音符号系统。

知识模块：人文知识2．General linguistics is the scientific study ofA．language of a certain individual.B．human languages in general.C．the system of a particular language.D．the English language.正确答案：B解析：普通语言学研究整个人类语言，而非单独研究某种特定语言。

知识模块：人文知识3．Which branch of study is not included in the scope of Linguistics?A．Syntax.B．Anthropology.C．Pragmatics.D．Phonetics.正确答案：B解析：只有B“人类学”不属于语言学的一个分支。

知识模块：人文知识4．The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication isA．morphology.B．general linguistics.C．phonology.D．semantics.正确答案：C解析：本题问关于用以在交流中传递信息的语音如何被组织在一起的学科是什么．选C“音系学”。

25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written by William Makepeace Thackeray.26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯27. The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可⾃⼰多找⼏个国家。

28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29. Etymology: the history of a word. 词源学30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除纽约市、南⽅、新英格兰31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头⼠或甲壳⾍乐队in the 1960s.32. In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. 有理智和⼈性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34. Morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, ⼀种含有⼀个单词的有意义的语⾔单位，如 -ed在单词 walked中，不能被划分为更⼩的有意义单位35. The name of the famous stadium露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.36. Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是的国际球⽐赛地)37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe⾷谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤⾯拖⽜⾁，，⾯拖烤⾹肠。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷60(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, ______ might arise.A．impolitenessB．contradictionsC．mutual understandingD．conversational implicatures正确答案：D解析：人们并不总是严格遵守合作原则的准则，且有时故意违反它们，正是对这些准则的公然违反才产生了会话含义(Conversational Implicature)，即言听双方通过有意识地违反这些准则，使话语变得间接或委婉，或表达更为隐晦的含义。

知识模块：语言学2．______ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.A．A locutionary actB．An illocutionary actC．A perlocutionary actD．A performative act正确答案：C解析：言后行为是由言说某话语而引起的后果或变化，是话语在听者身上产生的效果，故选C。

言语行为理论中的Performative指“施为句”，但没有D “performativeact”的概念。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷113(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by bothA．America and Mexico.B．America and Canada.C．America and Cuba.D．America and Brazil.正确答案：B解析：美国与古巴和巴西并不接壤，故可首先排除。

圣劳伦斯河是北美五大湖的出水道。

也是加拿大的最重要河流之一．由此可知答案应为B。

知识模块：人文知识2．European settlement of Australia began in the late part of______ when a British penal colony was established on the east coast of the continent.A．the 16th centuryB．the 17th centuryC．the 18th centuryD．the 19th century正确答案：C解析：1788年，由菲利普船长率领的第一批殖民者在澳大利亚杰克逊港建立起第一个英国殖民区。

在随后的一百年间，澳大利亚成为英国的流放地。

知识模块：人文知识3．Both Memorial Day and ______ are observed in memory of those who have given their lives for the United States.A．Veterans DayB．Independence DayC．Thanksgiving DayD．Labor Day正确答案：A解析：阵亡将士纪念日和退伍军人节都是为了纪念在战争中为国捐躯的战士的。

专八General Knowledge知识点1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个"红领巾"也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。

英语专业八级GeneralKnowledge知识点总结英语专业八级GeneralKnowledge知识点总结1、John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost、Paradise Regained was also written by him.2、Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes、十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。

3、Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect、俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果4、Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement、警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。

5、Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group、行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言、terminology6、Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant、陈腔滥调, 陈腐的.或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的7、Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton、夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重8、onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to、象声词, 词的构成或用法，例如buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.9、hypotaxis: 从属关系10、parataxis: 并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.。

20GG年英语专业八级人文知识试题PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(1 0MIN)Therearetenmultiple-choicequesti onsinthissection.Choosethebestan swerstoeachquestion.MarkPouran swersonPourcolouredanswersheet .1.ThestudPof__isSPntaG. AteGtualorganizationBsentencestr uctures CwordformationDlanguagefuncti ons2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTadi stinctivefeatureofhumanlangua ge? AarbitrarinessBproductivitP CculturaltransmissionDfiniteness3.ThespeechacttheorPwasfirstp utforwardbP__. AJohnScarlBJohanAustin CNoarnChomskPDM.A.KHallidaP4.ThecapitalcitPofCanadais__. AMontrealBOttawa CVancouverDPork5.U.S.presidentsnormallPservea( an)__term.Aeight-PearBfour-PearCsiG-PearDtwoPear6.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisN OTlocatedintheNortheast,U.S. AHustonBBaltimore CPhiladelphiaDBoston7.ThestatechurchinEnglandis__. ATheBaptistBTheRomanCatholic CTheProtestantChurch DTheChurchofEngland8.Thenovel Emma iswrittenbP__. AJaneAustenBElizabeth CGaskellCCharlotteBronte DMarPShelleP9.WhichofthefollowingisnotaRo manticPoet? AWilliamWordsworth BPercPB.ShelleP CGeorgeG.BPronDGeorgeEliot 10.WilliamSidnePPorter,knowna sO.HenrP,ismostfamousfor__.AhispoemBhisplaPs CHisnovelsDhisshortstories20GG年专业八级真题人文知识PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(1 0MIN)Therearetenmultiple-choicequesti onsinthissection.Choosethebestan swerstoeachquestion.MarkPouran swersonPourcolouredanswersheet .31.ThePresidentsduringtheAmer icanCivilWarwas_____.A.AndrewJacksonB.AbrahamLincol nC.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashi ngton32.ThecapitalofNewZealandis___ __.A.ChristchurchB.AucklandC.WellingtonD.Hamilton33.WhowerethenativesofAustrili abeforethearrivaloftheBritishset tlers?A.TheAboriginesB.TheMaoriC.TheIndiansD.TheEskimos34.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainish eadof_____.A.theShadowCabinetB.theParliam entC.theOppositionD.theCabinet35.Whichofthefollowingwritersi sapoetofthe20thcenturP?A.T.S.EliotwrenceC.TheodoreDreiserD.JamesJoPce36.Thenovel ForWhomtheBellToll s iswrittenbP___.A.ScottFitzgeraldB.WilliamFaulkne rC.EugeneO'NeilD.ErnestHemingw aP37._____isdefinedasaneGpression ofhumanemotionwhichisconden sedintofourteenlines.A.FreeverseB.SonnetC.OdeD.Epigr am38.WhatessentiallPdistinguishes semanticsandpragmaticsistheno tionof_____.A.referenceB.meaningC.antonPmPD.conteGt39.Thewords"kid,child,offspring "areeGamplesof__.A.dialectalsPnonPmsB.stPlisticsPn onPmsC.emotivesPnonPmsD.collocation alsPnonPms40.Thedistinctionbetweenparole andlanguewasmadebP_____.A.HalliaPB.ChomskPC.BloomfieldD.Saussure20GG年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(1 0MIN)Therearetenmultiple-choicequesti onsinthissection.Choosethebestan swerstoeachquestion.MarkPouran swersonPourcolouredanswersheet .31.ThemajoritPofthecurrentpop ulationintheUKaredescendantso fallthefollowingtribesrespectivel PEGCEPT_____.A.theAnglosB.theCeltsC.theJutesD.theSaGons32.TheHeadofStateofCanadaisre presentedbP___.A.theMonarchB.thePresidentC.thePrimeMinisterD.theGovernor -general33.The DeclarationofIndependen ce waswrittenbP__.A.ThomasJeffersonB.GeorgeWashi ngtonC.AleGanderHamiltonD.JamesMad ison34.TheoriginalinhabitantsofAust raliawere____.A.theRedIndiansB.theEskimosC.theAboriginesD.theMaoris35.Whichofthefollowingnovelsw aswrittenbPEmilPBronte?A.OliverTwistB.MiddlemarchC.JaneEPreD.WutheringHeights36.WilliamButlerPeatswasa(n)___ ___poetandplaPwright.A.AmericanB.CanadianC.IrishD.Australian37.DeathofaSalesman waswritte nbP_____.A.ArthurMillerB.ErnestHemingwaPC.RalphEllisonD.JamesBaldwin38._______referstothestudPofthei nternalstructureofwordsandther ulesofwordformation.A.PhonologPB.MorphologPC.SemanticsD.Sociolinguistics39.Thedistinctivefeaturesofaspe echvarietPmaPbeallthefollowing EGCEPT_____.A.leGicalB.sPntacticC.phonologicalD.psPcholinguistic40.Thewordtailoncereferredto“thetailofahorse”,butnowitisuse dt omean“thetailofan P animal.”ThisisaneGampleof_____.A.wideningofmeaningB.narrowing ofmeaningC.meaningshiftD.lossof meaning20GG年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题PARTIIIGENERALKNOWLEDGE(10 MIN)Therearetenmultiple-choiceq uestionsinthissection.Choosetheb estanswertoeachquestion.MarkPo uranswersonPourcolouredanswers heet31.ThelargestcitPinCanadais_____ __.A.Vancouver.B.Montreal.C.TorontoD.Ottawa.32.AccordingtotheUnitedStates Constitution,thelegislativepowe risinvestedin________.A.theFederalGovernment.B.theSu premeCourt.C.theCabinet.D.theCongress.33.Whichofthefollowingistheold estsportintheUnitedStates? A.Baseball.B.Tennis.C.Basketball.D.Americanfootball.34.TheheadoftheeGecutivebranc hinNewZealandis__________.A.thePresident.B.theGovernor-Ge neral.C.theBritishmonarchD.thePrimeMi nister.35.TheCanterburPTales,acollecti onofstoriestoldbPagroupofpilgri msontheirwaPtoCanterburP,isan importantpoeticworkbP_________ _.A.WilliamLangland.B.GeoffrePCha ucer.C.WilliamShakespeare.D.AlfredTen nPson.36.Whowrote TheAmerican?A.HermanMelville.B.NathanielHaw thorne.C.HenrPJames.D.TheodoreDreiser.37.Allofthefollowingarewell-kno wnfemalewritersin20th-centurP BritainEGCEPT_____.A.GeorgeEliot.B.IrisJeanMurdoch.C.DorisLessing.D.MurielSpark.38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTad esignfeatureofhumanlanguage? A.Arbitrariness.B.Displacement.C.DualitP.D.DiachronicitP.39.WhattP peofsentenceis“Mar klikesfiction,butTimisinterestedi npoetrP.”?A.Asimplesentence.B.Acoordinate sentence.C.AcompleGsentence.D.Noneofth eabove.40.Thephenomenonthatwordsh avingdifferentmeaningshavethe sameformiscalled______.A.hPponPmP.B.sPnonPmP.C.polPsemP.D.homonPmP.20GG年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题31.TheHeadofStateofNewZealan dis______.A.thegovernor-generalB.thePrime MinisterC.thehighcommissionerD.themonarchofUnitedKingdom32.ThecapitalofScotlandis______.A.GlasgowB.EdinburghC.ManchesterD.London33.Whowrite theDeclarationofIn dependence andlaterbecamethe U.S.President?A.ThomasJeffersonB.GeorgeWashi ngtonC.ThomasPaineD.JohnAdams34.Whichisthefollowingcitiesislo catedontheeasterncoastofAustr alia?A.PerthB.AdelaideC.SPdnePD.Melbourne35.OdetotheWestWind waswritt enbP______.A.WillianBlakeB.WillianWordswort hC.SamuelTaPlorColeridegeD.PercPBPssheShelleP36.Whoamongthefollowingisap oetoffreeverse?A.RalphWaldoEmersonB.WaltWhit manC.HermanMelvilleD.TheodoreDreis er 37.Thenovel SonsandLovers was writtenbP______.A.ThomasHardPB.JohnGalworhtPwrenceD.JamesJoPce38.ThesstudPofmentalprocesses oflanguagecomprehensionandp roductionis______.A.corpuslinguisticsB.socialinguisti csC.theoreticallinguisticsD.psPcholin guistics39.AspeciallanguagevarietPthat miGeslanguagesandisusedbPspe akersofdifferentlanguagesforpu rposesoftradingiscalled______. A.dialectB.idiolectC.pidginD.regist er40.WhenaspeakeeGpresseshisint ensionofspeaking,suchasaskings omeonetoopenthewindow,heisp erforming______.A.anillocutionarPactB.aperlocutio narPactC.alocutionarPactD.noneoftheabove20GG年英语专业八级考试人文知识真题31.Whichofthefollowingstate mentsinINCORRECT?A.TheBritishconstitutionincludestheMagnaCartaof1215.B.TheBritishconstitutionincludesParliamentarPacts.C.TheBritishconstitutionincludesdecisionsmadebPcourtsoflaw.D.TheBritishconstitutionincludesonesinglewrittenconstitution.32.ThefirstcitPeverfoundedin CanadaisA.Quebec.B.Vancouver.C.Toronto.D.Montreal.33.WhendidtheAustralianFed erationofficiallPcomeintobeing?A.1770.B.1788.C.1900.D.1901.34.The EmancipationProclama tion toendtheslaverPplantationsPstemintheSouthoftheU.S.wasissuedbPA.AbrahamLincoln.B.ThomasPaine.C.GeorgeWashington.D.ThomasJefferson.35.________isbestknownforthet echniqueof dramaticmonologue inhispoems..A.WillBlakeB.W.B.PeatsC.RobertBrowningD.WilliamWordsworth36. TheFinancier iswrittenbPA.MarkTwain.B.HenrPJames.C.WilliamFaulkner.D.TheodoreDreiser.37.InliteratureastorPinverseor prosewithadoublemeaningisdefinedasA.allegorP.B.sonnet.C.blankverse.D.rhPme.38.________referstothelearning anddevelopmentofalanguage.nguageacquisitionnguagecomprehensionnguageproductionnguageinstruction39.Theword“Motel”comesfr om“motor+hotel”.ThisisaneGampleof________inmorphologP.A.backformationB.conversionC.blendingD.acronPm40.Languageisttoolofcommu nication.ThesP mbol“HighwaP Closed”onahighwa PservesA.aneGpressivefunction.B.aninformativefunction.C.aperformativefunction.D.apersuasivefunction.。

Test for English Majors Grade Eight General KnowledgeCountries: 1. America1.The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is ________.A.the Mississippi riverB. the AppalachiansC. the Rocky MountainsD.the Hudson river2.Which is the largest racial group in the whole population of USA?A.HispanicsB. American IndiansC. Non-Hispanics WhiteD. AsianAmericans3.____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.A. AmericaB. CanadaC. EnglandD. Australia4. All states of America are governed by the common law except _____.A. LouisianaB. WashingtonC. CaliforniaD. New York5. _______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.A. CaliforniaB. IndianaC. KansasD. Massachusetts6. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of American characters? _____A. AmbitionB. IndividualismC. ConsiderationD. Self-reliance7. Which of the following is NOT America’s Newspaper? ____A. Wall Street JournalB. USA TodayC. GuardianD. The Milwaukee Journal8. “Hollywood” is often used as a synonym for ____.A. American filmsB. American forest industryC. Christians in the USAD. American advertising industry9. To the west of mainland American lies the ____.A. Atlantic OceanB. Pacific OceanC. Indian OceanD. Arctic Ocean10. Detroit, a US city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.A. automobile industryB. textile industryC. iron and steel industryD. aircraft industry11. The natives of the continent of America are the ______.A. CanadiansB. IndiansC. MexicansD. Hispanics12. ____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A. WashingtonB. Los AngelesC. San FranciscoD. New York City13. Which of the following minority groups enjoys the worst social and economic conditions?A. BlacksB. HispanicsC. IndiansD. Asian American14. Which of the following is NOT in New York City?A. Wall StreetB. Fifth AvenueC. Broadway StreetD. Niagara Falls15. Washington is named ____.A. after the US President George WashingtonB. after Christopher ColumbusC. after both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD. after none of them16. The US Congress has the power to make these laws except of _____.A. defenseB. citizenship and naturalizationC. marriageD. the regulation of foreign trade17. American and British English are two ____of the English language.A. varietiesB. elementsC. partsD. forms18. The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. James MonroeC. James MadisonD. Abraham Lincoln19. Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is ____.A. Rhode IslandB. VirginiaC. TexasD. Montana20. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A. the Amazon RiverB. the Mississippi RiverC. the Nile RiverD. the Hudson River21. The statue of liberty was given to American people by ____as a gift in 1884.A. FranceB. SpainC. ItalyD. Britain22. ____music is perhaps America’s greatest contribution to the world of popular music.A. BluesB. RockC. JazzD. Waltz23. American national flower is _____. A. violet B. rose C. lily D. primrose24. Whose presidential term is the longest?A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Abraham LincolnD. Franklin D. Roosevelt25. ___is the dividing line between the South and North.A. The Hudson RiverB. The Potomac RiverC. The Ohio RiverD. The Missouri River26. When did the American Civil War break out? ____ A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 186327. Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Hancock28. The New Deal was started by ____.A. Franklin RooseveltB. . KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson29. The District of Manhattan is in the city of ____.A. WashingtonB. San FranciscoC. New YorkD. Chicago30. The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states____.A. according to their populationB. according to their sizeD. according to their tax paid to federal government D. equally31. The US is called a “melting pot” because____.A. its steel industry is highly developedB. it has great influence on the worldC. it is an important economic center of the worldD. people from different races live there together32. The first Puritans came to America on the ship____.A. CodpeedB. Susan ConstantC. May FlowerD. Discovery2. Britain33. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland34. In Industrial Revolution, George Stephenson invented_____.A. railway engineB. spinning machineC. steam engineD. cotton textile35. ____is the leader of the British government. A. Prime Minister B. Queen C. PresidentD. Governor36. ____introduced Christianity into Britain.A. The CeltsB. The RomansC. The Viking DanesD. The French37. The real power of the British government lies in_____.A. the House of CommonsB. the cabinet headed by the Prime MinisterC. the Prime MinisterD. the Queen38. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the Severn RiverB. the Thames RiverC. the Clyde RiverD. the Potmac River39. “God Save the Queen” is the national ___of Britain. A. flag B. emblem C. anthem D. both A and B40. Big Ben is a famous _____in London. A. statue B. bridge C. hotel D. clock41. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The TelegraphB. The GuardianC. The News of the WorldD. The Times42. The capital of Wales is _____. A. Swansea B. Cardiff C. Rhonda D. Belfast43. ____is England’s biggest naval base. A. Portsmouth B. Southampton C. PlymouthD. Dover44. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative Party and ___.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Republican Party45. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonB. The NormansC. The VikingsD. The Romans46. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester3. Canada47. Maples are always used to symbolize___. A. Australia B. America C. England D. Canada48. Canada was originally one colony of ____.A. AmericaB. CanadaC. EnglandD. New Zealand49. The official languages in Canada are English and ____.A. FrenchB. SpanishC. GermanD. Portuguese50. The capital of Canada is____. A. Vancouver B. Ottawa C. Toronto D. Quebec51. The largest city in Canada is ____. A. Vancouver B. Ottawa C. Toronto D. Montreal4. Australia52. Australia was originally one colony of ____. A. America B. Canada C. England D. New Zealand53. The capital of Australia is ____. A. Canberra B. Sydney C. Melbourne D. Queensland54. The largest city in Australia is _____. A. Canberra B. Sydney C. Melbourne D. Perth5. New Zealand55. The capital of New Zealand is ____. A. Auckland B. Christchurch D. Dunedin D. Wellington56. The largest city in New Zealand is ____. A. Auckland B. Christchurch D. Dunedin D. Wellington57. The ____are the indigenous people of New Zealand, and have a rich and varied culture.A. MaoriB. CherokeeC. People from IndiaD. People from Southeast Asia58. Australia and New Zealand were first discovered by the ____explorer Able Tasman in 1642.A. FrenchB. DutchC. EnglishD. SpanishLiterature:1. American Literature59_____usually was regarded as the first American writer.A. William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetC. Emily DicksonD. Captain John Smith60. "God helps those who help themselves" is a citation from the work of____A. Paine C. Freneau D. Jeffersona philosophical and literary movement, ____flourished in New England from 1830s to the Civil War.A. sentimentalismB. transcendentalismC. modernismD. rationalism62. The chief spokes man of New England Transcendentalism is __A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. Washington Irving63. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as __A. the Modern PeriodB. the Realistic Period Romantic Period D. the Naturalistic Period64. Which is regarded as the "Declaration of Intellectual Independence"? ___A. The American ScholarB. English TraitsC. The Conduct of LifeD. Representative Men65. ____ was the first man of letters from the United States to win an international reputation.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Washington IrvingC. James Fenimore CooperD. Longfellow66. Mark Twain is well-known for his___.A. frontier themeB. symbolism.C. local colourD. international theme67. The major trend in American literature in the 70s and 80s in the 19th century is ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. sentimentalismD. naturalism68. Which book is NOT written by Mark Twain?_______A. The Gilded AgeB. The Prince and the PauperC. Life on the MississippiD. The Portrait of a Lady69. The novel that "touched off the American Civil War" refers to ____A. Gone with theWind Tom's Cabin C. Farewell to Arms D. The Grapes of Wrath70. The book from which "all modern American literature comes" refers to____.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. Moby DickD. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn71. Jack London's masterwork______ is somewhat autobiographical.A. The Sea WolfB. The People of the AbyssC. Martin EdenD. The Star Rover72. Which of the following authors is NOT the Nobel Prize winner?A. Earnest HemingwayB. Eugene O'NeilC. William FaulknerD. Scott Fitzgerald73. The Great Gatsby is written by_____.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sindair LewisC. John Steinbeck Scott Fitzgerald74. The Rabbit series were written by_____.A. John UpdikeB. Jerome David SalingerC. Mark TwainD. Ezra Pound75. _______ is Hemingway's first true novel, which portrays "the lost generation".A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. The OM Man and the SeaC. The Sun Also RisesD. A Farewell to Arms2. English Literaturethe 14the century, the most important writer is _______ A. Langland B. Wyclif C. Gowe D. Chaucer77. Here is a sentence from an essay "Read not to contradict and confuse, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider". The essay must be___.A. Of studies by Francis BaconB. The Advancement of Learning by Francis BaconC. Novum Organum by Francis BaconD. Essays by Francis Bacon78. The English Renaissance Period was an age of____.A. poetry and dramaB. drama and novelC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry79. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare's four great tragedies?A. HamletB. Romeo and JulietC. MacbethD. King Lear80. _____ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.A. Francis BaconB. Edmund SpenserC. William CarxtonD. Sidney81. Paradise Lost is the masterpiece of_____.A. William ShakespeareB. Robert BurnsC. John MiltonD. William Blake82. "To be or not to be" has become a universal question puzzling every intellectual mind.This is a quotation from _____ . A. King Lear B. Hamlet C. Romeo and Juliet D.Othello83. The novel Gulliver's Travels was written by___.A. Tobias SmollettB. Jonathan SwiftC. Laurence sTerneD. John Bunyan84. The publication of ____ marked the beginning of the Romantic Age.A. Don JuanB. The Rime of the Ancient Marine rC. The Lyrical BalladsD. Queen Mab85. The author of Ode To the West Wind is _______. A. Shelley B. Byron C. Allen PoeD. Emerson86. The famous poem "A Red, Red Rose" was written by______. A. Wordsworth B. ByronC. BurnsD. Keats87. Which is Thackeray's masterpiece? __A. The Virginians B. Vanity Fair Book of New Comes88. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece by____.A. Jane AustenB. Emily BronteC. Charles DickensD. Willimn Makepeace Thackeray89. Jane Eyre was written by which Bronte sister? ____ A. Anne B. Charlotte C. Emily D. Jane90. Which of the following novelists was the last of the great Victorian novelist?_______A. DickensB. William Makepeace ThackerayC. Thomas HardyD. George Meredith91. ________ is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.A. James JoyceB. John GalsworthyC. . LawrenceD. George Bernard Shaw92. John Galsworthy was most famous for____.A. Heart of DarknessB. UlyssesC. The Forsyte SageD. A Passage to India93. George Bernard Shaw is an outstanding _____dramatist.A. realisticB. expressionisticC. modernistD. classical94. . Maugham was most famous for __A. Moon and SixpenceB. Cakes and AleC. Human Bondag eD. The Razor's EdgeIII. Linguistics1 Introduction95. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called_______ came into being. A. syntax B. semantics C. pragmatics D. morphology96. Which of the following items is not a design feature of human language?_____A. competenceB. arbitrarinessC. displacementD. productivity97. The differences between Traditional Grammar and Modem Linguistics are all of the followings EXCEPT______.A descriptive vs. prescriptive B. spoken vs. writtenC. non-Latin-based framework vs. Latin-based frameworkD. competence vs. performance98. The term ________linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative99. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called_______.A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. computational linguisticsD. applied linguistics100. ______is regarded as the “father of modem linguistics” .A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Whorf101. The distinction between competence and performance is similar to the distinction between_.A. prescriptive and descriptiveB. synchronic and diachronicC. speech and writingD. language and parole102. Children can speak before they can read or write shows that____.A. language is basically vocalB. language is arbitraryC. language is used for communicationD. language is productive103. ________ means the lack of a logical connection between the form of something and its expression in sounds.A. AmbiguityB. AbstractnessC. ArbitrarinessD. Fuzziness104. All human languages are organized on two levels: the sound level--meaningless, the grammatical level--meaningful. This means language has the design feature of_______.A. creativeB. changeableC. arbitraryD. duality105. ____are two sub-branches of linguistics that study the units at the grammatical level.A. Morphology and semanticsB. Morphology and syntaxC. Semantics and syntaxD. Morphology and phonology106. Language has the feature of ________in the sense that users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before. A. duality B. productivity C. displacement D. interchangeability107. Linguistics gives priority to the spoken language instead of the written language because__.A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have recording devices to studyD. spoken language precedes written languages only in Indo-European108. Langue & parole are a pair important distinctions put forward by ___.A. SaussureB. ChomskyC. LyonsD. Halliday109. Who made the distinction between competence and performance?A. ChomskyB. SaussureC. HallidayD. Bloomfield2. Phonetics and Phonology110. Phonetics is the study of____.A. all the sounds that occur in the world's languageB. speech sounds used by human languages to representC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. how phonological differences can lead to misunderstanding111. In the field of phonology, which of the following does NOT belong to the suprasegmental features?________A. stressB. toneC. intonationD. syllable112. Classification of vowels are made up of the following EXCEPT______.A. the position of the tongueB. the openness of the mouthC. the shape of the lipD. the width of the vowels113. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of a word from another in a given language is a ______. A. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph114. In English, there is only one glottal. It is _______. A. [f] B. [r] C. [h] D. [v]115. The different phones which can represent a phoneme in a different phonetic environments are called the _____of that phoneme. A. minimal B. allomorph C. phones D. allophones 116. There are _______nasals in English. A. one B. two C. three D. four117. _______ are not a minimal pair in English.A. "sink" and "zinc"B. "fine" and "vine"C. "bat" and "pat"D. "teach" and "cheat"3. Morphology118. Morphology is the study of____.A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their informationB. the uses of different types of utterances in different contextsC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world.119. What is the minimum unit of meaning? ______ A. phoneme B. morpheme C. allophone D. allomorph120. There are ______morphemes in the word "undesirability". A. three B. four C. five D. six121 _____ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compoundsword "irresistible" is _______ . A. a compound one B. a clipped one C. a blended one D. a derived one123. _______ of the following word-formation processes, is the most productive.A. clippingB. blendingC. initialismD. derivation124. Morphemes that can occur "unattached" are called_____.A. inflectionalB. boundC. freeD. derivational morphemes125. The word "kung-fu" is a _____ one. A. clipped B. blended C. compound D. borrowed4. Syntax126. ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Morphology127. What elements does a phrase contain?_______.A. Head, determiner and complementB. Head, specifier and complementC. Head, specifier and complementizerD. Head, determiner and complementizerrules do not change the basic ______ of sentences.A. meaningB. formC. positionD. structure129. The syntactic component provides the _______of a sentence.A. lexiconB. structureC. meaningD. sound130. Application of the transformational rules yields ______structure.A. phraseB. deepC. prelexicalD. surface131 .The same word has the same ______ meaning to all the speakers of the same language.A. conceptualB. associativeC. lexicalD. affective5. Semantics132. The meaning relationship between the two words "sheep" and "ewe" is_____.A. AntonymyB. HomonymyC. HyponymyD. Polysemy133. X: They are going to have another baby. Y: They have a child.The relationship of X and Y is ______.B. inconsistentC. X entailing YD. X presupposing Y134. According to the componential analysis, the words "girl" and "woman" differ in the feature of____.A. HUMANB. ANIMALC. MALED. ADULT135. The semantic features of the word "girl" can be expressed as____.A. +animate, -human, +adult, +maleB. +animate, +human, -adult, +maleC. +animate, +human, +adult, -maleD. +animate, +human, -adult, -male136. According to predication analysis, the predication of the sentence "It is hot." is a ____ predication.A. no-placeB. one-placeC. two-placeD. three--place137. The relationship between "violet" and "tulip" is ____.A. co-hyponymsB. syperordinateC. hyponymsD. antonyms138. The relationship between "begin" and "commence" is ____.A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms139. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _____ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence140. What is the relationship between the words "color" and "red" ? _____A. synonymyB. antonymyC. polysemyD. hyponymy141. "fall" and "autumn" are __ synonyms.A. dialectalB. stylisticC. evalutatively differentD. semantically different142. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of___ .A. humorB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all of the above143. The four major modes of semantic change are _____.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation144. We call the relation between "animal" and "horse" as____.A. synonymyB. polysemyC. homonymyD. hyponymy145. What is the sentential relation between "He likes skating", and "He likes sports."? ___A. presuppositionB. entailmentC. contradiction C. hyponymy146. The pair of words "borrow/lend" is called _____.A. relational oppositesB. synonymsC. complementaryD. gradable opposites147. "Yellow" has different meanings to Chinese or to western people, that is its_____.A. conceptual meaningB. cognitive meaningC. associative meaningD. stylistic meaning148. X: He has been to France. Y: He has been to Europe. The relationship of A and Bis_____.A. synonymousB. inconsistentC. X entailing YD. X presupposing Y149. The ambiguity in "pass the port" is caused by____.A. lexical itemsB. a grammatical structureC. homonymyD. polysemy150. Componential analysis is a method applied in the field of_____.A. phoneticsB. syntaxC. semanticsD. pragmatics151 "big" and "small" are a pair of ____ opposites. A. complementary B. gradable C. completeD. pragmatics6. Pragmatics152. _______ first proposed the Speech Act theory. A. Searle B. Austin C. Grice D. Halliday153. The _____ provides great philosophical insights into the nature of the linguistic communication.A. Speech Act TheoryB. CP TheoryC. communicative competenceD. linguistic competence154. What is the most important concept to distinguish pragmatics from semantics?A. contextB. entailmentC. presuppositionD. discourse155. A: What do you think of Mr. Zhang? B: A fine day, isn't it?In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maximof relation156. A: Where is Paul? B. Somewhere in our University.In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maxim of relation157. A: Shall we get something for the kids? B. Yes. But I veto C-A-N-D-Y.In the dialogue between A and B, B's answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP? _____A. The maxim of quantityB. The maxim of qualityC. The maxim of mannerD. The maxim of relation158. Which of the following is NOT the specific instance of directives?______A. invitingB. advertisingC. warningD. swearing159. The word "promising" belongs to________. A representatives B. directives C. commissives D. expressives160. _______ act expresses the intention of the speaker.A. locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech161. When you talk to your boss or your friends, you sue different words, we could analyze this phenomenon with _____. A. social context B. situation context C. linguistic context D. semantic field162. The function of the sentence "Water boils at 100 degree centigrade." is ___.A. interrogativeB. directive c. informative D. performative163. Contextual features exclude ______ when an utterance is made.A. the timeB. the placeC. the participantsD. the purpose164. Liu had something to tell the manager, Mr. Smith, so he went to his place, entering the room and said," _____ ".A. You are not busy, I hope.B. Can I have a word with you, Mr. SmithC. Got a minuteD. I'm terribly sorry to trouble you, Mr. Smith165. According to Austin's speech act theory, a speaker might be performing the following acts simultaneously when speaking EXCEPT_____act. A. locutionary B. illocutionary C. perlocutionary D. relocationary7. Language Change166. Which of the following does NOT belong to the methods of the addition of new words?___A. clipped wordsB. back-formationC. functional-shiftD. meaning-shift167. The following words are the examples for "blending" except ____ . A. memo B. smog C. motel D. brunch168. The word "beseem" taken from Romeo and Juliet has faded out of the modern English language; this is an example of_______. A. addition of words B. loss of words C. narrowing ofmeaning D. loss of inflections169. The fact that a lexical item may undergo a shift in meaning is called_____ in linguistics.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning-shiftD. losing of meaning170. The new words such as "police officer", "chairperson" are created because ____.A. science and technology are developing rapidlyB. computer and internet technology are more and more popularC. women have taken up activities formerly reserved for menD. the children can remember them as quickly as possiblecentury is considered to be the beginning of modern English. A. 17th B. 19th C. 18th D. 16th172. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example______.A. lewd-ignorantB. silly foolishC. last pleasureD. knave-boy173. Which of the following words is not formed through clipping?______. A. dorm B. motel C. gent D. zoo174. Which word is different from the other three in word formation? __A. USAB. DOZERC. AIDSD. WTO175. "brunch" is a (an) _____ . A. blending B. acronym C. derivation D. compounding 176. The word "WMD" which stands for "weapon of mass destruction", is _____.A. an acronymB. a compound oneC. a clipped oneD. a blended one177. The word "girl" originally meant "young person of either sex", but now it means "young people of female sex". This is an example of____.A. meaning-shiftB. widening of meaningC. narrowing of meaningD. loss of meaning8. Language and Society178. The sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society is called____.A. sociolinguisticsB. neurolinguisticsC. macrolinguisticsD. microlinguistics179. Which of the following doesn't belong to dialectal varieties?A. regional dialectsB. sociolectC. idiolectD. diglossia180. The dialect which is caused by social status . regional B. sociolect C. idiolect D.。

2005general knowledge31. ___B __ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) ____B_____term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.? AA. HustonB. BostonC. BaltimoreD. Philadelphia34. ____D____ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic ChurchB. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England35. The novel Emma is written by DA. Mary ShelleyB. Charlotte BrontëC. Elizabeth C. GaskellD. Jane Austen36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet? BA. William WordsworthB. George ElliotC. George G. ByronD. Percy B. Shelley37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for CA. his poemsB. his playsC. his short storiesD. his novels38. Syntax is the study of B 语法，句法A. language functionsB. sentence structuresC. textual organizationD. word formation39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. ProductivityC. Cultural transmissionD. Finiteness40. The speech act theory was first put forward by BA) John Searle B) John Austin C) Noam Chomsky D) M.A,K. Halliday.2006general knowledge31.The Presidents during the American Civil War was BA. Andrew JacksonB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington.32.The capital of New Zealand is CA. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers? AA. The AboriginesB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Eskimos34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of DA. the Shadow CabinetB. the ParliamentC. the OppositionD. the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century? AA. T. S. EliotB. D. H. LawrenceC. Theodore DreiserD. James Joyce36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by DA. Scott FitzgeraldB. William FaulknerC. Eugene O’NeilD. Ernest Hemingway37.___B__ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen linesA. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of D 语义学和语用学A. referenceB. meaningC. antonymyD. context.39.The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of BA. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. emotive synonymsD. collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by DA. HallidayB. ChomskyC. BloomfieldD. Saussure..2007general knowledge31. The majority of the current population in the UK are descendants of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT_____C_____.A. the AnglosB. the CeltsC. the JutesD. the Saxons32. The Head of State of Canada is represented by____D______.A. the MonarchB. the PresidentC. the Prime MinisterD. the Governor-general 总督33. The Declaration of Independence was written by____A______.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. Alexander HamiltonD. James Madison34. The original inhabitants of Australia were_____ C_____.A. the Red IndiansB. the EskimosC. the AboriginesD. the Maoris35. Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte? DA. Oliver TwistB. MiddlemarchC. Jane EyreD. Wuthering Heights36. William Butler Yeats was a(n) ___C___ poet and playwright.A. AmericanB. CanadianC. IrishD. Australian37. Death of a Salesman was written by____A______.A. Arthur MillerB. Ernest HemingwayC. Ralph EllisonD. James Baldwin38. ____B___ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.A. PhonologyB. Morphology形态学C. SemanticsD. Sociolinguistics39. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT____D_____.A. lexicalB. syntacticC. phonologicalD. psycholinguistic40. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of_____A_____.A. widening of meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD. loss of meaning2008general knowledge31. The largest city in Canada is____C____.A. Vancouver 3B. Montreal 2C. Toronto 1D. Ottawa32. According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is invested in___D_____.A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Congress33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States? AA. BaseballB. TennisC. BasketballD. American football34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is____D______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by____B______.A. William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson36. Who wrote The American? CA. Herman MelvilleB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry JamesD. Theodore Dreiser37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT___A_____.A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? DA. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Diachronicity39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? BA. A simple sentenceB. A coordinate sentenceC. A complex sentenceD. None of the above40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called___D_____.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy 同音or同形2009general knowledge31. The Head of State of New Zealand is DA. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.32. The capital of Scotland is BA. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President? AA. Thomas Jefferson.B. George Washington.C. Thomas Paine.D. John Adams.34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia? CA. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.35. Ode to the West Wind was written by DA. William Blake.B. William Wordsworth.C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.D. Percy B. Shelley.36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse? BA. Ralph Waldo Emerson.B. Walt Whitman.C. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser.37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by CA. Thomas Hardy.B. John Galsworthy.C.D.H. Lawrence. D. James Joyce.38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is DA. corpus linguistics.B. sociolinguistics.C. theoretical linguistics.D. psycholinguistics.39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called CA. dialect.B. idiolect.C. pidgin.D. register.40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing AA. an illocutionary act. 言外行为B. a perlocutionary act.C. a locutionary act.D. none of the above.2010 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE31. Which of the following statements in INCORRECT? DA. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is AA. Quebec.B. Vancouver.C. Toronto.D. Montreal.33. When did the Australian Federation officially come into being? DA. 1770.B. 1788.C. 1900.D. 1901.34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S. was issued by AA. Abraham Lincoln.B. Thomas Paine.C. George Washington.D. Thomas Jefferson.35. ____C____ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems..A. Will BlakeB. W.B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth36. The Financier is written by DA. Mark Twain.B. Henry James.C. William Faulkner.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as AA. allegory.B. sonnet.C. blank verse.D. rhyme.38. ____A____ refers to the learning and development of a language.A. Language acquisitionB. Language comprehensionC. Language productionD. Language instruction39. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of ___C_____ in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym40. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed” on a highway serves BA. an expressive function.B. an informative function.C. a performative function.D. a persuasive function.2011专八人文知识真题31. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ___B____.A. Northern IrelandB. ScotlandC. EnglandD. Wales32. It is generally agreed that ___D____ were the first Europeans to reach Australia's shores.A. the FrenchB. the GermansC. the BritishD. the Dutch33. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf? AA. Canada.B. New Zealand.C. Great Britain.D. The United States of America.34. Who wrote the famous pamphlet, The Common Sense, before the American Revolution? BA. Thomas Jefferson.B. Thomas Paine.C. John Adams.D. Benjamin Franklin.35. Virginia Woolf was an important female ___D_____ in the 20th-century England.A. poetB. biographerC. playwrightD. novelist36. ___C___ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's hist ory.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy37. Which of the following best explores American myth in the 20th century? AA. The Great Gatsby.B. The Sun Also Rises.C. The Sound and the Fury.D. Beyond the Horizon.38. ___C____ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind.A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. Cognitive linguisticsD. Sociolinguistics39. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ____A____.A. absence of obstruction 气流阻碍B. presence of obstructionD. place of articulation40. The definition "the act of using or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individ ual speaker or by a community of speakers" refers to ___C_____.A. PidginB. CreoleC. MultilingualismD. Bilingualism201231．The Maori people are natives of DA．Australia．B．Canada．C．Ireland．D．New Zealand．32．The British monarch is the Head of BA．Parliament．B．State．C．Government．D．Cabinet．33．Americans celebrate Independence Day on AA．July 4th．B．October 11th．C．May 31st．D．September 6th．34．Canada is bounded on the north by CA．the Pacific Ocean．B．the Atlantic Ocean．C．the Arctic Ocean．D．the Great Lakes．35．Who is the author of The Waste Land? DA．George Bernard Shaw．B．W．B．Yeats．C．Dylan Thomas．D．T．S．Eliot．36．Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury? AA．William Faulkner．B．Ernest Hemingway．C．Scott Fitzgerald．D．John Steinbeck．37．"The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example of C A．exaggeration．B．understatement．D．synecdoche．38．In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel．This is a (n) BA．assimilation rule．同化B．sequential rule．序列规则C．deletion rule．省略D．grammar rule．39．Which of the following is an example of clipping? D 截缩法A．APEC．B．Motel．C．Xerox．D．Disco．40．The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is called AA．register．语域B．dialect．C．slang．D．variety．。