2021年英语专业八级考试人文知识精选练习题及答案2

精品文档今日话题：辅音如何分类1. 发音部位（places of articulation）：双唇音(bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental)、齿间音(dental)等；2.发音方法(manners of articulation)：、爆破音(stop)、摩擦音(fricatives)、破擦音(affricates)、鼻音(nasal)、边音(lateral)等；3.声带状态：清辅音、浊辅音。

因此更正第七期第十道10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing选择A而不是C1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both _b___A America and MexicoB America and CanadaC America and CubaD America and Brazil2. European settlement of Australia began in the late part of _c___ when a British penal colony was established on the east coast of the continent.A the 16th centuryB the 17th centuryC the 18th centuryD the 19th century3. Which sport is supposed to be America's national sport and used to be call “American's favorable pastime”? aA baseballB basketballC rugbyD cricket4. The largest city in New Zealand is b____A AucklandB WellingtonC ChristchurchD Dunedin5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems arediscussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized.A George EliotB Jane AustinC George DickensD Charlotte Bronte6.All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____A Ode to AutumnB Ode to a NightingaleC Ode to a SkylarkD Ode on Melancholy7. Of____'s four famous comedies, the best known is Lady Windermere's Fan.A Oscar WildeB Richard SheridanC Bernard ShawD Somerset Maugham8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) __c__A voiced consonantB voiceless consonantC vowelD explosive9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ____A I.P.AB I.A.P.SC I.S.SD S.S.I.P10. With the __d__, Latin words were added into the vocabulary of the language spoken in Britain.A invasion of the RomansB Christianization of BritainC Scandinavian invasionD Norman Conquest答案BCAAA CACAB9. 国际音标（international phonetic alphabet）是目前世界上比较通行的音标，简称IPA，最初制定于1889年美国人口构成精品文档．精品文档1. The population of the United States is a bit more than 272 million, about 13% of which are Black, 12 % are Hispanic(讲西班牙语的人)，4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.2. It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.3. The most populous states are California, Texas, New York, Florida and Illinois.4. More than 80% of Americans live in urban areas.巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位；按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？1. Christmas is usually connected to ____A the reunion of a large familyB the eating of Easter eggsC the resurrection of ChristD the forgiving of other's sins2. The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____A the blacksB the Mexico-AmericansC the Spanish-AmericansD the Chinese3. The British establish ____colonies along the east coast of North American between 16.7 and 1733.A. 11 B 12 C13 D144. The largest university in Canada is ____A Laval UniversityB The University of TorontoC McGill UniversityD Simon Fraser University5. Robinson Crusoe is written by ____A Henry FieldingB Daniel DefoeC Samuel RichardsonD Jonathan Swift6. ____is written by Walt Whitman.A Representative MenB English TraitsC NatureD Leaves of Grass7. ____is not a novelist.A Henry JamesB Emily DickinsonC William Dean HowellsD Mark Twain8. ____is not one of the core branches of linguistics.A PhonologyB Psycho-linguisticsC SyntaxD Semantics9. ____ is the common factor of the three sounds:[p], [t], [k]A voicelessB spreadC voicedD nasal10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing按面积计算，美国继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后位居第四。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Ernest Hemingway puts forward a famous principle in literary writing, which isA．the Principle of Realism.B．the Principle of the Iceberg.C．the Principle of Naturalism.D．the Principle of Expressionism.正确答案：B解析：海明威提出了著名的“冰山原理”(The Principle of the Iceberg)。

知识模块：人文知识2．______ is the representative work of the Lost Generation.A．This Side of ParadiseB．The Great GatsbyC．The Sun Also RisesD．A Farewell to Arms正确答案：C解析：《太阳照常升起》是美国20年代“迷惘的一代”(Lost Generation)的代表作。

知识模块：人文知识3．All the following works feature the “Stream of Consciousness” EXCEPTA．The Sound and the Fury.B．The Winter of Our Discontent.C．Lie Down in Darkness.D．To the Lighthouse.正确答案：B解析：《烦躁的冬天》(The Winter of Our Dis-content)是约翰·斯坦贝克(John Steinbeck)的作品，他是经济大萧条时期最杰出的小说家，不是“意识流”流派。

英语专八人文知识习题与答案英语专八人文知识习题与答案__1__ The study of __ is Syntax. A、textual organizationB、sentence structuresC、word formationD、 language functions__2__ Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A、arbitrarinessB、productivityC、cultural transmission D finiteness__3__ The speech act theory was first put forward by__.A、John ScarlB、Johan AustinC、Noarn ChomskyD、M.A.K Halliday__4__ The capital city of Canada is __.A、MontrealB、OttawaC、VancouverD、York__5__ U.S. presidents normally serve a (an) __ term.A、eight-yearB、four-yearC、six-yearD、two year__6__ Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.A、HustonB、BaltimoreC、PhiladelphiaD、Boston__7__The state church in England is __.A、The BaptistB、The Roman CatholicC、The Protestant ChurchD、The Church of England__8__ The novel Emma is written by__.A、Jane AustenB、Elizabeth GaskellC、Charlotte BronteD、Mary Shelley__9__ Which of the following is not a Romantic Poet?A、William WordsworthB、Percy B. ShelleyC、George G. ByronD、George Eliot__10__ William Sidney Porter, known as O.Henry, is most famous for __.A、his poemB、his playsC、His novelsD、his short stories答案: 1-5 BDBBB 6-10 ADADD1. 选B。

专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）专八人文知识练习（1）1. Morphology is a study of ___1___A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formationB. the uses of different types of utterances in different contextsC. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in natureD. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world2.Which of the following does NOT belong to “open class words”?___2___A. NounsB. AdjectivesC. ConjunctionsD. Adverbs3. What is the minimal unit of meaning?___3___A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. AllophoneD. Allomorph4. Which of the following is NOT a free morpheme?___4___A. bedB. tressC. danceD. children5. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?___5___A. RainbowB. InactionC. Icy-coldD. Unpleasant6. ___6___ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds7.Syntax mainly deals with ___7___A. how a language changes through timeB. how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.C. how the human work when they use languageD. how a language varies through geographical space8.Syntactic categories contain the type of ___8___A. meaning that words expressB. affixes that the words takeC. structures in which the words can occurD. all of the above9.Which of the following is NOT the concern of a word category? ___9___A. A word category can be determined by meaning, inflection and distributionB. T o determine a word’s category by its meaning only is often not reliable.C. A word category can be embodied directly from its meaning.D. Distribution is more reliable than the meaning todetermine a word’s category.10. What elements does a phrase contain? ___10___A. Head, determine and complement.B. Head, specifier and complement.C. Head, specifier and complementizer.D. Head, determiner and complementizer.参考答案：ACBDD CBDCB专八人文知识练习（2）1. Where is Belfast?A. In Ireland.B. In WalesC. In Northern Ireland.D. In Scotland.2. The capital of New Zealand is_____A. Canberra.B. Ottawa.C. Wellington.D. Washington.3. Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper?A. The Guardian.B. Christian Science Monitor.C. The Daily Telegraph.D. The Times.4. The community college is a kind of_____ college popular in_____ to satisfy the needs of both the individual and the society.A. five-year; U.K.B. four-year; U.K.C. three-year; U.S.D. two-year; U.S.5. James Joyce was a famous____ whose masterpiece Ulysseshas been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20th century.A. Essayist.B. Novelist.C. Poet.D. Playwright.6. George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works except____A. Child Harold’s Pilgrimage.B. Queen Mab.C. Hours of Idleness.D. Don Juan.7. Which of the following is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most noteworthy novel in the world?A. Gone with the Wind.B. For Whom the Bell Tolls.C. American Tragedy.D. The Scarlet Letter8.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is______.A. syntaxB. semanticsC. morphologyD. sociolinguistics9.Words like “Xerox” and ”Kodak” a re formed by____A. back-formationB. blendingC. coinageD. acronym10.Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to enrich its vocabulary in the past several centuries?A. BorrowingB. UpgradationC. NarrowingD. Widening参考答案：CCBDB BDACB专八人文知识练习（3）1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.C.B Los AngelesC San FranciscoD New Y ork City2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A BlacksB HispanicsC IndiansD Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A varietiesB elementsC partsD form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A Thomas JeffersonB James MonroeC James MadisonD Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A Rhode IslandB VirginiaC TexasD Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A the Star-Spangled BannerB Uncle SamC Hot DogD Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A the Amazon RiverB the Mississippi RiverC the Nile RiverD the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A FranceB SpainC ItalyD Britain答案详解：1 D,纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

专业英语八级·2021年考试真题与答案解析PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.1. A. Maggie’s university life.B. Her mom’s life at Harvard.C. Maggie’s view on studying with Mom.D. Maggie’s opinion on her mom’s major.2. A. They take exams in the same weeks.B. They have similar lecture notes.C. They apply for the same internship.D. They follow the same fashion.3. A. Having roommates.B. Practicing court trails.C. Studying together.D. Taking notes by hand.4. A. Protection.B. Imagination.C. Excitement.D. Encouragement.5. A. Thinking of ways to comfort Mom.B. Occasional interference from Mom.C. Ultimately calls when Maggie is busy.D. Frequent check on Maggie’s grades.Now, listen to the Part Two of the interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the interview.6. A. Because parents need to be ready for new jobs.B. Because parents love to return to college.C. Because kids require their parents to do so.D. Because kids find it hard to adapt to college life.7. A. Real estate agent.B. Financier.C. Lawyer.D. Teacher.8. A. Delighted.B. Excited.C. Bored.D. Frustrated.9. A. How to make a cake.B. How to make omelets.C. To accept what is taught.D. To plan a future career.10.A. Unsuccessful.B. Gradual.C. Frustrating.D. Passionate.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. At high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower of his raft or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two motor-boats slit the waters of the Sound, drawing aquaplanes（滑水板）over cataracts of foam. On weekends Mr. Gatsby’s Rolls-Royce became an omnibus, bearing parties to and from the city between nine in the morning and long pastmidnight, while his station wagon scampered like a brisk yellow bug to meet all trains. And on Mondays eight servants, including an extra gardener, toiled all day with scrubbing-brushes and hammer and garden-shears, repairing the ravages of the night before.(2)Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a fruiterer in New York – every Monday these same oranges and lemons left his back door in a pyramid of pulpless halves. There was a machine in the kitchen which could extract the juice of two hundred oranges in half an hour, if a little button was pressed two hundred times by a butler’s thumb.(3)At least once a fortnight a corps of caterers came down with several hundred feet of canvas and enough colored lights to make a Christmas tree of Gatsby’s enormous garden. On buffet tables, garnished with glistening hors-d’oeuvre（冷盘）, spiced baked hams crowded against salads of harlequin designs and pastry pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold. In the main hall a bar with a real brass rail was set up, and stocked with gins and liquors and with cordials（加香甜酒）so long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from another.(4)By seven o’clock the orchestra has arrived – no thin five-piece affair but a whole pitful of oboes and trombones and saxophones and viols and cornets and piccolos and low and high drums. The last swimmers have come in from the beach now and are dressing upstairs; the cars from New York are parked five deep in the drive, and already the halls and salons and verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways, and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile. The bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden outside until the air is alive with chatter and laughter and casual innuendo and introductions forgotten on the spot and enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other’s names.(5)The lights grow brighter as the earth lurches away from the sun and now theorchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher. Laughter is easier, minute by minute, spilled with prodigality, tipped out at a cheerful word.(6)The groups change more swiftly, swell with new arrivals, dissolve and form in the same breath – already there are wanderers, confident girls who weave here and there among the stouter and more stable, become for a sharp, joyous moment the center of a group and then excited with triumph glide on through the sea-change of faces and voices and color under the constantly changing light.(7)Suddenly one of these gypsies in trembling opal, seizes a cocktail out of the air, dumps it down for courage and moving her hands like Frisco dances out alone on the canvas platform. A momentary hush; the orchestra leader varies his rhythm obligingly for her and there is a burst of chatter as the erroneous news goes around that she is Gilda Gray’s understudy from the Folies. The party has begun.(8)I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited – they went there. They got into automobiles which bore them out to Long Island and somehow they ended up at Gatsby’s door. Once there they were introduced by somebody who knew Gatsby, and after that they conducted themselves according to the rules of behavior associated with amusement parks. Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all, came for the party with a simplicity of heart that was its own ticket of admission.(9)I had been actually invited. A chauffeur in a uniform crossed my lawn early that Saturday morning with a surprisingly formal note from his employer – the honor would be entirely Gatsby’s, it said, if I would attend his “little party” that night. He had seen me several times and had intended to call on me long before but a peculiar combination of circumstances had prevented it – signed Jay Gatsby in a majestic hand.(10)Dressed up in white flannels I went over to his lawn a little after seven and wandered around rather ill-at-ease among swirls and eddies of people I didn’t know – though here and there was a face I had noticed on the commuting train. I was immediately struck by the number of young Englishmen dotted about; all well dressed, all looking a little hungry and all talking in low earnest voices to solid and prosperous Americans. I was sure that they were selling something: bonds or insurance or automobiles. They were, at least, agonizingly aware of the easy money in the vicinity and convinced that it was theirs for a few words in the right key.(11)As soon as I arrived I made an attempt to find my host but the two or three people of whom I asked his whereabouts stared at me in such an amazed way and denied so vehemently any knowledge of his movements that I slunk off in the direction of the cocktail table – the only place in the garden where a single man could linger without looking purposeless and alone.PART II READING COMPREHENSION11.It can be inferred form Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsby ______ through the summer.A.entertained guests from everywhere every weekendB.invited his guests to ride in his Rolls-Royce at weekendsC.liked to show off by letting guests ride in his vehiclesD.indulged himself in parties with people from everywhere12.In Para.4, the word “permeate” probably means ______.A.perishB.pushC.penetrateD.perpetrate13.It can be inferred form Para. 8 that ______.A.guests need to know Gatsby in order to attend his partiesB.people somehow ended up in Gatsby’s house as guestsC.Gatsby usually held garden parties for invited guestsD.guests behaved themselves in a rather formal manner14.According to Para. 10, the author felt ______ at Gatsby’s party.A.dizzyB.dreadfulC.furiousD.awkward15.What can be concluded from Para.11 about Gatsby?A.He was not expected to be present at the parties.B.He was busy receiving and entertaining guests.C.He was usually out of the house at the weekend.D.He was unwilling to meet some of the guests.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Term “CYBERSPACE”was coined by William Gibson, a science-fiction writer. He first used it in a short story in 1982, and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel, “Neuromancer”, whose main character, Henry Dorsett Case, is a troubled computer hacker and drug addict. In the book Mr Gibson describes cyberspace as “a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators” and “a graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system.”(2)His literary creation turned out to be remarkably prescient（有先见之明的）. Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fibre-optic cables, wireless links and other infrastructure that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The myriad connections forged by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web totap into humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.(3)But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data breaches are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through such attacks. Among the most prominent recent victims has been Target, whose chief executive, Gregg Steinhafel, stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant American retailer revealed that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-card details. Other well-known firms such as Adobe, a tech company, and eBay, an online marketplace, have also been hit.(4) The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such commercial incursions. Wider concerns have been raised by the revelations about the mass surveillance carried out by Western intelligence agencies made by Edward Snowden, a contractor to America’s National Security Agency (NSA), as well as by the growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new domain of warfare. America’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release earlier this year that cyber-threats “pose one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.(5)Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not security. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not worry much about threats because the network was affiliated with America’s military. As hackers turned up, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, reckons that last year organizations around the globe spent $67 billion on information security.(6)On the whole, these defenses have worked reasonably well. For all the talk about the risk of a “cyber 9/11”, the internet has proved remarkably resilient. Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at virtualstores, swap gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.(7)But the task is becoming harder. Cyber-security, which involves protecting both data and people, is facing multiple threats, notably cybercrime and online industrial espionage, both of which are growing rapidly. A recent estimate by the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), puts the annual global cost of digital crime and intellectual-property theft at $445 billion – a sum roughly equivalent to the GDP of a smallish rich European country such as Austria.(8)To add to the worries, there is also the risk of cyber-sabotage. Terrorists or agents of hostile powers could mount attacks on companies and systems that control vital parts of an economy, including power stations, electrical grids and communications networks. Such attacks are hard to pull off, but not impossible. One precedent is the destruction in 2010 of centrifuges（离心机）at a nuclear facility in Iran by a computer program known as Stuxnet.(9)But such events are rare. The biggest day-to-day threats faced by companies and government agencies come from crooks and spooks hoping to steal financial data and trade secrets. For example, smarter, better-organized hackers are making life tougher for the cyber-defenders, but the report will argue that even so a number of things can be done to keep everyone safer than they are now.(10)One is to ensure that organizations get the basics of cyber-security right. All too often breaches are caused by simple blunders, such as failing to separate systems containing sensitive data from those that do not need access to them. Companies also need to get better at anticipating where attacks may be coming from and at adapting their defences swiftly in response to new threats. Technology can help, as can industry initiatives that allow firms to share intelligence about risks with each other.(11)There is also a need to provide incentives to improve cyber-security, be they carrots or sticks. One idea is to encourage internet-service providers, or the companies that manage internet connections, to shoulder more responsibility for identifying and helping to clean up computers infected with malicious software. Another is to find ways to ensure that software developers produce code with fewer flaws in it so that hackers have fewer security holes to exploit.(12)An additional reason for getting tech companies to give a higher priority to security is that cyberspace is about to undergo another massive change. Over the next few years billions of new devices, from cars to household appliances and medical equipment, will be fitted with tiny computers that connect them to the web and make them more useful. Dubbed “the internet of things”, this is already making it possible, for example, to control home appliances using smartphone apps and to monitor medical devices remotely.(13)But unless these systems have adequate security protection, the internet of things could easily become the internet of new things to be hacked. Plenty of people are eager to take advantage of any weaknesses they may spot. Hacking used to be about geeky college kids tapping away in their bedrooms to annoy their elders. It has grown up with a vengeance.16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as ______.A.a function only legitimate computer operators haveB.a representation of data from the human systemC.an important element stored in the human systemD.an illusion held by the common computer users17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four paragraphs?A.Cyberspace has more benefits than defects.B.Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.C.Cyberspace symbolizes technological advance.D.Cyberspace still remains a sci-fi notion.18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are ______.A.controversialplimentaryC.contradictoryD.congruent19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?A.Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.B.The Origin of Cyber Crime.C.How to Deal with Cyber Crime.D.The Definition of Cyber Crime.PASSAGE THREE(1)You should treat skeptically the loud cries now coming from colleges and universities that the last bastion of excellence in American education is being gutted by state budget cuts and mounting costs. Whatever else it is, higher education is not a bastion of excellence. It is shot through with waste, lax academic standards and mediocre teaching and scholarship.(2)True, the economic pressures – from the Ivy League to state systems – are intense. Last year, nearly two-thirds of schools had to make midyear spending cuts to stay within their budgets. It is also true (as university presidents and deans argue) that relieving those pressures merely by raising tuitions and cutting courses will make matters worse. Students will pay more and get less. The university presidents and deans want to be spared from further government budget cuts. Their case is weak. (3)Higher education is a bloated enterprise. Too many professors do too littleteaching to too many ill-prepared students. Costs can be cut and quality improved without reducing the number of graduates. Many colleges and universities should shrink. Some should go out of business. Consider:●Except for elite schools, admissions standards are low. About 70 percent of freshmen at four-year colleges and universities attend their first-choice schools. Roughly 20 percent go to their second choices. Most schools have eagerly boosted enrollments to maximize revenues (tuition and state subsidies).●Dropout rates are high. Half or more of freshmen don’t get degrees. A recent study of PhD programs at 10 major universities also found high dropout rates for doctoral candidates.●The attrition among undergraduates is particularly surprising because college standards have apparently fallen. One study of seven top schools found widespread grade inflation. In 1963, half of the students in introductory philosophy courses got a B – or worse. By 1986, only 21 percent did. If elite schools have relaxed standards, the practice is almost surely widespread.●Faculty teaching loads have fallen steadily since the 1960s. In major universities, senior faculty members often do less than two hours a day of teaching. Professors are “socialized to publish, teach graduate students and spend as little time teaching (undergraduates) as possible,”concludes James Fairweather of Penn State University in a new study. Faculty pay consistently rises as undergraduate teaching loads drop.●Universities have encouraged an almost mindless explosion of graduate degrees. Since 1960, the number of masters’ degrees awarded annually has risen more than fourfold to 337,000. Between 1965 and 1989, the annual number of MBAs (masters in business administration) jumped from 7,600 to 73,100.(4)Even so, our system has strengths. It boasts many top-notch schools and allows almost anyone to go to college. But mediocrity is pervasive. We push as manyfreshmen as possible through the door, regardless of qualifications. Because bachelors’degrees are so common, we create more graduate degrees of dubious worth. Does anyone believe the MBA explosion has improved management?(5)You won’t hear much about this from college deans or university presidents. They created this mess and are its biggest beneficiaries. Large enrollments support large faculties. More graduate students liberate tenured faculty from undergraduate teaching to concentrate on writing and research: the source of status. Richard Huber, a former college dean, writes knowingly in a new book (“How Professors Play the Cat Guarding the Cream: Why We’re Paying More and Getting Less in Higher Education”): Presidents, deans and trustees ... call for more recognition of good teaching with prizes and salary incentives.(6)The reality is closer to the experience of Harvard University’s distinguished paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould: “To be perfectly honest, though lip service is given to teaching, I have never seriously heard teaching considered in any meeting for promotion... Writing is the currency of prestige and promotion.”(7)About four-fifths of all students attend state-subsidized systems, from community colleges to prestige universities. How governors and state legislatures deal with their budget pressures will be decisive. Private schools will, for better or worse, be influenced by state actions. The states need to do three things.(8)First, create genuine entrance requirements. Today’s low standards tell high school students: You don’t have to work hard to go to college. States should change the message by raising tuitions sharply and coupling the increase with generous scholarships based on merit and income. To get scholarships, students would have to pass meaningful entrance exams. Ideally, the scholarships should be available for use at in-state private schools. All schools would then compete for students on the basis of academic quality and costs. Today’s system of generaltuition subsidies provides aid to well-to-do families that don’t need it or to unqualified students who don’t deserve it.(8)Next, states should raise faculty teaching loads, mainly at four-year schools. (Teaching loads at community colleges are already high.) This would cut costs and reemphasize the primacy of teaching at most schools. What we need are teachers who know their fields and can communicate enthusiasm to students. Not all professors can be path-breaking scholars. The excessive emphasis on scholarship generates many unread books and mediocre articles in academic journals. “You can’t do more of one (research) without less of the other (teaching),”says Fairweather. “People are working hard – it’s just where they’re working.”(10)Finally, states should reduce or eliminate the least useful graduate programs. Journalism (now dubbed “communications”), business and education are prime candidates. A lot of what they teach can – and should – be learned on the job. If colleges and universities did a better job of teaching undergraduates, there would be less need for graduate degrees.(11)Our colleges and universities need to provide a better education to deserving students. This may mean smaller enrollments, but given today’s attrition rates, the number of graduates need not drop. Higher education could become a bastion of excellence, if we would only try.20.It can be concluded from Para.3 that the author was ______ towards the education.A.indifferentB.neutralC.positiveD.negative21.The following are current problems facing all American universities EXCEPT ______.A.high dropout ratesB.low admission standardsC.low undergraduate teaching loadsD.explosion of graduate degrees22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following EXCEPT ______.A.set entrance requirementsB.raise faculty teaching loadsC.increase undergraduate programsD.reduce useless graduate programs23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as ________.A.euphemismB.metaphorC.analogyD.personification24.What is the author’s main argument in the passage?A.American education can remain excellent by ensuring state budget.B.Professors should teach more undergraduates than postgraduates.C.Academic standard are the main means to ensure educational quality.D.American education can remain excellent only by raising teaching quality.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25.From the description of the party preparation, what words can you see to depict Gatby’s party?26.How do you summarize the party scene in Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.What do the cases of Target, Adobe and eBay in Para. 3 show?28.Why does the author say the task is becoming harder in Para. 7?29.What is the conclusion of the whole passage?PASSAGE THREE30.What does the author mean by saying “Their case is weak” in Para. 2?31.What does “grade inflation” in Para. 3 mean?32.What does the author mean when he quotes Richard Huber in Para. 5?PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign andwrite the word you believe to be missing in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the underlined part of the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.流逝，表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷99(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．All of the following are written by Nathaniel Hawthorne EXCEPTA．Fanshawe.B．Walden.C．The Scarlet Letter.D．The Blithedale Romance.正确答案：B解析：《瓦尔登湖》(Walden)是梭罗(Henry DavidThoreau)的作品。

知识模块：人文知识2．According to the theory of______, literature must be true to life and exactly reproduces real life, including all its details without any selection.A．RealismB．RomanticismC．NaturalismD．Aestheticism正确答案：C解析：自然主义(Naturalism)追求绝对的客观性．崇尚单纯地描摹自然，着重对现实生活的表面现象作记录式的写照。

知识模块：人文知识3．The works of all the following writers feature Naturalism EXCEPTA．Frank Norris.B．Stephen Crane.C．Jack London.D．Mark Twain.正确答案：D解析：马克·吐温(Mark Twain)是乡土文学的杰出代表。

专业英语八级（人文知识）练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．On which of the following streets is the financial centre of the U．S．10cated?A．Fleet Street．B．Downing Street．C．Wall Street．D．Baker Street．正确答案：C解析：华尔街是美国纽约曼哈顿南部一条大街的名字，长不超过1英里，宽仅11米，是美国主要金融机构的所在地，被誉为“西方的金融中心”。

其他三条街都在英国。

Fleet Street(舰队街)是英国报纸业较为集中的一条街，也是英国新闻界的代称。

Downing Street(唐宁街)是英国首相官邸及一些政府主要部门在伦敦的所在地。

Baker Street(贝克街)是伦敦西区的一条繁华街道。

小说家柯南·道尔(Sir Arthur Conar Dogle)塑造的人物福尔摩斯和华生医生曾于1881年至1904年居住在该街221B号(作者虚拟未来的地址)。

知识模块：人文知识2．The jury in the High Court of New Zealand is composed of ______ members．A．18B．16C．14D．12正确答案：D解析：新西兰高等法院陪审团由12位成员组成。

知识模块：人文知识3．Education in the U．K．is compulsory”for all children aged betweenA．5 and 16．B．8 and 17．C．6 and 15．D．7 and 19．正确答案：A解析：英国5到16岁的学生必须接受义务教育。

英语专业八级人文知识试题(1)美国概况练习题：1. The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2. The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3. The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4. Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5. has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6. The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7. In the United States, primary education requires years.8. Most college students in the United States are in institutions.9. The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10. _____ (which state ) is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

2. The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷101(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humanA．contact.B．communication.C．relation.D．community.正确答案：B解析：语言是人类在交际中使用的一套任意的声音符号系统。

知识模块：人文知识2．General linguistics is the scientific study ofA．language of a certain individual.B．human languages in general.C．the system of a particular language.D．the English language.正确答案：B解析：普通语言学研究整个人类语言，而非单独研究某种特定语言。

知识模块：人文知识3．Which branch of study is not included in the scope of Linguistics?A．Syntax.B．Anthropology.C．Pragmatics.D．Phonetics.正确答案：B解析：只有B“人类学”不属于语言学的一个分支。

知识模块：人文知识4．The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication isA．morphology.B．general linguistics.C．phonology.D．semantics.正确答案：C解析：本题问关于用以在交流中传递信息的语音如何被组织在一起的学科是什么．选C“音系学”。

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷121(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.jpg />B．[u]C．[e]D．[i]正确答案：B解析：[u]为后元音，其他三项都是前元音，故B为正确答案。

知识模块：人文知识20．What is the basic lexical relation between piece and peace?A．Synonymy.B．Antonymy.C．Homonymy.D．Polysemy.正确答案：C解析：piece和peace发音相同，但形式和意义不同，属于“同音／同形异义关系”(homonymy)中的同音异义词(homophones)。

知识模块：人文知识21．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was A．Thomas Jefferson.B．James Monroe.C．James Madison.D．Abraham Lincoln.正确答案：D解析：美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕·林肯。

知识模块：人文知识22．China and Ireland established diplomatic relations in June,A．1972B．1976C．1978D．1979.正确答案：D解析：中国与爱尔兰于1979年6月正式建立外交关系。

知识模块：人文知识23．The United Kingdom is aA．colony.B．unitary.C．republic.D．feudal country.正确答案：B解析：英国属于中央集权国家(unitary)，而不是联邦制国家。

知识模块：人文知识24．The English Civil War is also calledA．the Puritan Revolution.B．the second Magna Carta.C．Wars of Roses.D．the Anglican War.正确答案：A解析：英国内战又称为清教徒革命。

美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_The Mississippi River ____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _.The Atlantic and Gulf Coas tal Plain ___.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is__.Non-hispanics white，__.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is__ African Americans __.5 __America__has the world’s oldest written consti tution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by__World war II__.7 In the United States, primary education requires__SIX__years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_PUBLIC___institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_______the United States Di strict Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court._____.10 __.Louisana ___(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

今日话题：辅音如何分类1. 发音部位（places of articulation）：双唇音(bilabial)、唇齿音(labiodental)、齿间音(dental)等；2.发音方法(manners of articulation)：、爆破音(stop)、摩擦音(fricatives)、破擦音(affricates)、鼻音(nasal)、边音(lateral)等；3.声带状态：清辅音、浊辅音。

因此更正第七期第十道10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing选择A而不是C1. St. Lawrence and River Columbia are shared by both _b___A America and MexicoB America and CanadaC America and CubaD America and Brazil2. European settlement of Australia began in the late part of _c___ when a British penal colony wa s established on the east coast of the continent.A the 16th centuryB the 17th centuryC the 18th centuryD the 19th century3. Which sport is supposed to be America’s national sport and used to be call “American’s favorab le pastime”? aA baseballB basketballC rugbyD cricket4. The largest city in New Zealand is b____A AucklandB WellingtonC ChristchurchD Dunedin5. After Adam Bede,____wrote The Mill on the Floss and Silas Marner in which moral problems a rediscussed and psychological analysis of characters are emphasized.A George EliotB Jane AustinC George DickensD Charlotte Bronte6.All of the following odes are written by John Keats EXCEPT____A Ode to AutumnB Ode to a NightingaleC Ode to a SkylarkD Ode on Melancholy7. Of____’s four famous comedies, the best known is Lady W indermere’s Fan.A Oscar WildeB Richard SheridanC Bernard ShawD Somerset Maugham8. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) __c__A voiced consonantB voiceless consonantC vowelD explosive9. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is ____A I.P.AB I.A.P.SC I.S.SD S.S.I.P10. With the __d__, Latin words were added into the vocabulary of the language spoken in Britain.A invasion of the RomansB Christianization of BritainC Scandinavian invasionD Norman Conquest答案BCAAA CACAB9. 国际音标（international phonetic alphabet）是目前世界上比较通行的音标，简称IPA，最初制定于1889年美国人口构成1. The population of the United States is a bit more than 272 million, about 13% of which are Blac k, 12 % are Hispanic(讲西班牙语的人)，4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans.2. It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.3. The most populous states are California, Texas, New York, Florida and Illinois.4. More than 80% of Americans live in urban areas.巩固：按照人口数量排列，美国在世界排在第几位；按照面积排，美国又是排第几位呢？1. Christmas is usually connected to ____A the reunion of a large familyB the eating of Easter eggsC the resurrection of ChristD the forgiving of other’s sins2. The largest of the ethnic minorities in America is ____A the blacksB the Mexico-AmericansC the Spanish-AmericansD the Chinese3. The British establish ____colonies along the east coast of North American between 16.7 and 1733.A. 11 B 12 C13 D144. The largest university in Canada is ____A Laval UniversityB The University of TorontoC McGill UniversityD Simon Fraser University5. Robinson Crusoe is written by ____A Henry FieldingB Daniel DefoeC Samuel RichardsonD Jonathan Swift6. ____is written by Walt Whitman.A Representative MenB English TraitsC NatureD Leaves of Grass7. ____is not a novelist.A Henry JamesB Emily DickinsonC William Dean HowellsD Mark Twain8. ____is not one of the core branches of linguistics.A PhonologyB Psycho-linguisticsC SyntaxD Semantics9. ____ is the common factor of the three sounds:[p], [t], [k]A voicelessB spreadC voicedD nasal10. English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc, in terms of ____A manner of articulationB openness of mouthC place of articulationD voicing按面积计算，美国继俄罗斯，加拿大，中国之后位居第四。

英语专业八级人文知识英国概况1.The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are _____.A. London and CambridgeB. London and heart of EnglandC. Manchester and BirminghamD. Edinburgh and Nottingham2.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3.Which flower is symbol of England?A. ThistleB. ShamrockC. DaffodilD. Rose4._____ was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridgeand Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.A. Lough NeaghB. WindermereC. Lake DistrictD. Coniston Water5.The first known settlers of Britain were the _____.A. IberiansB. Beaker FolkC. CeltsD. Anglo-Saxons6.Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. King AlfredC. King EthelredD. Julius Caesar7.Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain?A. The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.B. The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuriesC. The Romans didn’t like the Britons.D. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.8.The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out o f France.By 1453 _____ was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.A. DoverB. CalaisC. SouthamptonD. Portsmouth9.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?A. The W ars of the RosesB. The Hundred Years’ W arC. The English Civil WarD. World War I10.The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution, is generally regarded as thebeginning of modern ____ history.A. EuropeanB. ScottishC. W elshD. world练习题答案及题解:1.B, 现在，英国移民主要集中在伦敦及英格兰心脏地带的一些城市和城镇，诸如Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和Reading等等。

新题型 TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2021)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 150 MINSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREEWORDS for each gap. Make sure you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use theblank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview'. The interview will he divided into TWO parts. At the end ofeach part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spokenONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the fourchoices of A), B), C) and D), and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to Part One of the interxiew. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Part One of the interview.Now, listen to Part Two of the inten'iew. Questions 6 to 10 are based on Part Two of the inten'iew.6. A. Continuity between writing and social life was a gift.B. Link between writing and social life was necessary.C. She preferred to stay away from other poets.D. She thought socializing experience helped a lot. 7. A. Its members could be anyone.C. It should be professional.8. A. To express stronger emotions.C. To avoid readers' misunderstanding.9. A. It was innovative. B. It was emotional.10. A. Maureen's teaching and writing experience.C. Maureen's views on socializing fbr poets. PART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]1. A. A publisher. B. A broadcaster.2. A. During her childhood.C. During high school.3. A. Historians.C.Professor of music.4. A. The environment.mcrcialization.5. A. To help students to better remember poems.C. To activate one's inner ear automatically.C. An anchorwoman.D. An academic. B. During elementary school. D. During nursery. B. Writers and poets. D. Professor of English. B. Academic work. D.Local history. B. To facilitate the process of composing poems. D. To better appreciate the poems. B. Its members had to be poets. D. It had a networking role. B. To allow for flexibility in expression. D. To signal the end of a section. C. It was different. D. It was ordinary. B. Maureen's experience as a student and poet. D. Maureen's works of criticism and poems.PART II READING COMPREHENSION |45MIN|SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene. One thinks one knows him well. For a hundred years or more he has been killed, captured and imprisoned in zoos. His bones have been mounted in natural history museums everywhere, and he has always exerted a strong fascination upon scientists and romantics alike. He is the stereotyped monster of the horror films and the adventure books, and an obvious (though not perhaps strictly scientific) link with our ancestral past.(2)Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas. No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state; no zoologist, however intrepid, has been able to keep the animal under close and constant observation in the dark jungles in which it lives. Carl Akeley, the American naturalist, led two expeditions to Uganda in the 1920s and now lies buried there among the animals he loved so well; but even he was unable to discover how long the gorilla lives, or how or why it dies, nor was he able to define the exact social pattern of the family groups, or indicate the final extent of their intelligence. All this and many other things remain almost as much a mystery as they were when the French explorer Du Chaillu first described the animal to the civilized world a century ago. The Abominable Snowman who haunts the imagination of climbers in the Himalayas is hardly more elusive.(3)The little that is known about gorillas certainly makes you want to know more. Sir Julian Huxley has recorded that thrice in the London Zoo he saw an eighteen-month-old specimen trace the outline of its own shadow with its finger. **No similar artistic initiative," he writes, “has been recorded for any other anthropoid (类人猿)，though we all know now that young chimpanzees will paint 'pictures' if provided with the necessary materials." Huxley speaks too of a traveler seeing a male gorilla help a female up a steep rockstep, and gallantry of that kind is certainly not normal among animals. It is this “human-ness" of the gorilla that is so beguiling. According to some observers he courts and makes love the same way as humans do. Once the family is established it clings together. It feeds in a group in the thick bamboo jungles on the mountainside in the daytime . each animal making a tidy pile of its food 一wild celery, bamboo shoots, and other leaves - and squatting down to eat it; and by night each member of the family makes its own bed by bending over and interlacing the bamboo fronds so as to form a kind of oval-shaped nest which is as comfortable and springy as a mattress. The father tends to make his bed just a foot or two from the ground, the mother a little higher, and the children are safely lodged in the branches up above.(4)When he walks the gorilla takes the main weight on his short legs and rests lightly on the knuckles of his hands at the end of his very long arms. When he stands upright a full-grown male rises to six feet, but with that immense chest he is far heavier than any normal man could ever be. Six hundred pounds is not uncommon. His strength is incredible — certainly great enough to take a man in his arms and wrench his head off.(5)Gorillas appear to talk to one another in high-pitched voices, not unlike those of women, or by smacking their lips or striking their cheeks, and the female, if alarmed, will scream. The male is capable of making a frightening demonstration in the face of danger. He stays behind while his family gets away, rising to his feet and uttering a terrifying roar. Sometimes he will drum on his chest and shake the trees around him with every appearance of uncontrollable fury. In extremity he will charge.(6)But all this is no more than shadow boxing as a general rule, fbr the gorilla is a gentle, kindly creature, a most forgiving ape who lives at peace with all the other animals, and his reputation fbr savagery and belligerence is nothing but a myth. When the animal charges, the thing to do is to stand your ground and look him in the eye. Then he will turn aside and slip away through the undergrowth.11.Which of the following facts about gorillas docs mankind know?A Lifespan. B. Causes of death. C. Family structure. D. Bone structure.12.Which of the following words is closer to the meaning of'mystcry" in Para. 2?A. Myth.B. Elusive.C. Horror.D. Stereotyped.13.What docs the author mean by saying “But all this is no more than shadow boxing,.. (Para. 6)?A.When facing danger, gorillas seldom intend to attack others.B.When gorillas get into fiiry. they usually attack others.C.When the family is in danger, the male gorilla protects them.D.When alarmed, the male gorilla is more likely to show fury.14.We can learn from the passage that the author's attitude towards gorillas is .A. ambiguousB. hostileC. sympatheticD. nonchalantPASSAGE TWO(1)In the town there were two mutes, and they were always together. Early every morning they would come out from the house where they lived and walk arm in arm down the street to work . The one who always steered the way was an obese and dreamy Greek. In the summer he would come out wearing a yellow or green polo shirt stuffed sloppily into his trousers in front and hanging loose behind. When it was colder he wore over this a shapeless gray sweater. His face was round and oily, with halAcloscd eyelids and lips that curved in a gentle, stupid smile. The other mute was tall. His eyes had a quick, intelligent expression. He was always immaculate and very soberly dressed. Every morning the two friends walked silently together until they reached the main street of lhe town. Then when they came to a certain fruit and candy store they paused for a moment on the sidewalk outside. The Greek. Spiros Antonapoulos,worked fbr his cousin, who owned this fruit store. His job was to make candies and sweets, uncrate lhe fruits, and keep the place clean The thin mute. John Singe, nearly always put his hand on his friend's arm and looked for a second into his face before leaving him. Then after this goodbye Singer crossed the street and walked on alone to the jewelry store where he worked as a silvenvare engraver. In the late afternoon the friends would meet again. Singer came back to the fruit store and waited until Antonapoulos was ready to go home. The Greek would be lazily unpacking a case of peaches or melons, or perhaps looking at the funny paper in the kitchen behind (he store where he cooked. Before their departure Antonapoulocs always opened a paper sack he kept hidden during the day on one of the kitchen shelves. Inside were stored various bits of food he had collected 一a piece of fruit or samples of candy. Usually before leaving Antonapoulocs waddled gently lo the gassed case in the front of the store where some meats and cheeses were kept. He glided open the back of the ease and his fat hand groped lovingly for some particular dainty inside which he had wanted. Sometimes his cousin who owned the place did not see him. But if he noticed he stared at his cousin with a warning in his tight, pale face. Sadly Antonapoulos would shuffle the morsel from one comer of the case to the other. During these times Singer stood very straight with his hands in his pockets and looked in another direction. He did not like to watch this little scene between the two Greeks. For, except drinking and a certain solitary secret pleasure, Antonapoulos loved to eat more than anything else in the world.(2)In the dusk the two mutes walked slowly home together. At home Singer was always talking to Antonapoulos. His hands shaped the words in a swift series of designs. His face was eager and his graygreen eyes sparkled brightly. With his thin, strong hands he told Antonapoulos all that had happened during the day.(3)When back at home. Antonapoulos sat back lazily and looked at Singer. It was seldom that he ever moved his hands to speak at all • and then it was to say that he wanted to cat or to sleep or to drink .These three things he always said with the same vague, fumbling signs. At night, if he were not too drunk, he would kneel down before his bed and pray awhile Then his plump hands shaped the words Holy Jesus.or God. or Darling Mary, These were the only words Antonapoulos ever said. Singer never knew just how much his friend understood of all the things he told him. But it did not matter.(4)They shared the upstairs of a small house near the business section of the town. There were two rooms. On the oil stove in the kitchen Antonapoulos cooked all of their meals. There were straight, plain kitchen chairs fbr Singer and an overstuffed sofa for Antonapoulos. The bedroom was furnished mainly with a large double bed covered with an eiderdown comforter for lhe big Greek and a narrow iron cot fbr Singer.(5)Dinncr always took a long time, because Antonapoulos loved food and he was very slow. After they had eaten, the big Greek would lie beck on his sofa and slowly lick over each one of his teeth with his tongue, either from a certain delicacy or because he did not wish to lose the savor or the meal - while Singer washed the dishes.(6)Somctimcs in the evening the mutes would play chess. Singer had always greatly enjoyed this game, and years before he had tied to teach it to Antonapoulos At first his fiend could not be interested in the reasons fbr moving the various pieces about on the board.Then Singer began to keep a bottle of something good under lhe table to be taken out after each lesson The Greek never got on to the erratic movements of the knights and the sweeping mobility of the queens, but he learned to make a few set, opening moves. He preferred the white pieces and would not play if the black men were given him. After the first moves Singer worked out the game by himself while his friend looked on drowsily. If Singer made brilliant attacks on his own men so that in the end the black king waskilled. Antonapoulos was always very proud and pleased(7)The two mutes had no other friends, and except when they worked they were alone together. Each day was very much like any other day, because they were alone so much that nothing ever disturbed them. Once a week they would go to the library fbr Singer to withdraw a mystery book and on Friday night they attended a movie. Then on payday they always went to the tcn-ccnt photograph shop above the Army and Navy Store so that Antonapoulos could have his picture taken. These were the only places where they made customary visits. There were many parts tn the town that they had never even seen. The town was in the middle of the deep South. The summers were long and the months of winter cold were very few. Nearly always the sky was a glassy, brilliant azure and the sun burned down riotously bright. Then the light, chill rains of November would come, and perhaps later there would be frost and some short months of cold. The winters were changeable, but the summers always were burning hot. The town was a fairly large one. On the main street there were several blocks oftwo- and three-story shops and business offices. But the largest buildings in the town were the factories, which employed a large percentage of the population. These cotton mills were big and flourishing and most of the workers in the town were very poor. Often in the faces along the streets there was the desperate look of hunger and of loneliness. But the two mutes were not lonely at all. At home they were content to cat and drink, and Singer would talk with his hands eagerly to his friend about all that was in his mind. So the years passed in this quiet way until Singer reached (he age of thirty-two and had been in the town with Antonapoulos fbr ten years.15.Which of the following pairs of words does NOT indicate contrast?A "yell ow or green" and“soberly dressed" (Para I).B."burning hot" and "a glassy, brilliant azure" (Para 7C."gentle, stupid smile" and "quick, intelligent expression" (Para 1).D.“straight, plain kitchen chairs" and "an overstuffed sofa" (Para 4).16.From the passage we know that Singer seems to .A.like to play chess lessB.like to eat more thingsC.be more sympatheticD.be more talkative"17.We learn from the narration in Para 6 thatA Singer usually had to finish a game of chess by himselfB.both were interested in playing chess in the eveningC.Antonapoulos was quick in learning how to play chessD.Antonapoulos was pleased when white pieces were attacked18.Which of the following groups of words BEST sums 叩the message in Para. 7?A.Booming business and poverty-stricken population.B.After-work leisure and desperate attempt fbr survival.C.Self-contentment and omnipresent desperation.D.Changeable short winter and hot long summer.PASSAGE THREE(1)Like many historical Glms.Amadeus is far from a faithful account of what is known about the period and the people thatit portrays. Events arc exaggerated, condensed and simplified, and the complexity of real characters is reduced to suit the needs ofa dramatic contrast between good and evil. Such historical liberties are often bemoaned by experts, but few have seemed to mindthe wayward story points of Amadeus. This is no doubt partly attributable to the film's high entertainment value: it is an unusually lively and fiinny historical film. It revels in the boyish humor and high spirits of its main character, the composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 -1791). played with jubilant gusto by Tom Hulce. But the film's appeal is also attributable to Mozart's music. The composer's vulgar hijinks (狂欢作乐)serve as a contrast to the transcendent beauty of his music, beautifully performed on the soundtrack by the Academy of St Martin in the Fields. Thus,even the most stringeni historical purists couldn't help but find something to enjoy in Amadeus.(2)For all its liberties, the story is actually based on a real rumor that circulated in Vienna in the 1820s. While gravely ill,the rival composer Antonio Salicni (1750-1825) confessed he had murdered Mozart decades earlier by poisoning him. Salieri was suffering from dementia (痴呆)at the time of this confcssion.and he later withdrew it, but some — including Mozart's widow Constanze —chose to believe the claim. More than 150 years later, the English playwright Peter Shaffer based the story of Amadeus not just on Salieri's confession but also the idea that Saleri had suffered from a deep and bitter jealousy of Mozart throughout the ten years that they both lived and worked as composers in Vienna. In the fun-loving Mozart.thc story goes, Salieri saw a true genius —one who made his own talent and accomplishments appear mediocre 一and this drove him on a vendetta (宿怨) that ultimately culminated in murder.(3)Shafter's story makes for great drama, but it is, of course, biased against Salieri. In fact, at the time, Salieri was regarded as the more accomplished musician and composer. From the 1770s through the 1790s. he composed dozens of operas, many of them proving popular and considered innovative. A mark of his prominence was his appointment to the influential post of Kapellmeister, or musical director, to the court of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II Salieri was also a teacher whose pupils included Ludwig Van Beethoven. Franz Liszt and Franz Schubert. In his private life, he may not have had Mozart's exuberance but nor was he the lonely and celibate man played with such convincing severity by F. Murray Abraham in Amadeus. Salieri was married al the time he knew Mozart, and he fathered no fewer than eight children.(4)If Salieri had little reason to fear or resent Mozart's success, there was naturally a degree of rivalry between two men working in the same profession and in the same city. Salieri (bom near Verona) and Mozart (bom in Salzburg) belonged to separate musical groups, and Italian and German opera fell into and out of favor during this period. The composers were therefore vying fbr work, including the prestigious post of musical tutor to the Princess of Wurttemberg, which Salieri successfully attained. As composersjhey saw their operas' debut side by side, yet there is little evidence of any animosity between them. Mozart did complain in a letter to his father that Joseph II favored Salieri over all other composers, but that observation was an accurate one. Both Mozart and his father suspected that, behind the scenes, Salieri tried to undermine Mozart's success, but these were hardly unusual suspicions in a field so reliant on patronage. In public, fellow composers reported that Mozart and Salieri were friendly with another. Shortly after the premiere of Mozart's The Magic Flute. Salieri attended a performance with Mozart, and applauded warmly and vigorously. Thus, any ill feeling between Mozart and Salieri was borne by the former rather than the latter - contrary to what is strongly depicted in Amadeus- and it stemmed from Salieri's status and success rather than his perceived mediocrity.(5)Mozart's resentments were those of a younger man struggling for position in the world. Although he had talent, he spent many years struggling to find a suitable post or patronage. He and his father travelled widely during his youth, seeking a distinguished appointment but finding mainly low pay and occasionally humiliating circumstances. It was in the period alter 1781, when Mozart defied his father and decided to live and workindependently in Vienna that his career nourished. In the space of ten years, he found great success with the operas. The Abduction from Seraglio (1782), The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787) and The Magic Flute (1791). These were composed alongside his piano concertos, symphonies and chamber music, and together with his work as a performer and teacher, his success brought a high income. Mozart's money troubles were the result of excessive spending, and his volatile temperament, rather than any malicious schemes against him. His death, at the age of 35, was not considered suspicious at the time as he had been ill for weeks with a fever. While it is true that he had a commoner's funeral, in 18th-century Vienna this was not unusual fbr a man of non-aristocratic standing. It certainly was not a mark of his downfall or ignominy, as implied by the film. At his death, Mozart was second in stature only to Salieri as Vienna's most prominent musician and composer.(6)The drama of Amadeus stems not from historical accuracies, but from our contemporary knowledge that Mozart's music and reputation have survived for centuries 一and continued to find new, zesty audiences 一while Salieri's name and work quickly faded. Mozart's secondary status during his own lifetime thus appears unjust and unwarranted, and he is invested with the role of the struggling artist and unappreciated genius. This may be shaky history, but the film has enough laughter, conflict, romance and tragedy to please any opera lover, except perhaps fbr Salieri himself, who undoubtedly would have told the talc in an altogether different key.19.According to the author. Amadeus's appeal comes from the following EXCEPT .A depiction of Mozart's characterB. a storyline true to historyC.actors' excellent performanceD.Mozart's music in the film20.According to the author, which of the following is INCORRECT about the real Salieri?A.He remained single throughout his life.B.Some of his pupils later became famous.C.He was a talented musician and composer,D.He was once assigned to an important post.21.There was some rivalry between Mozart and Salieri mainly because theyA.lived in the same cityB.joined diflerent musical groupspeted fbr musical work and postD.suspected each other on some occasions22.What does the author think of the cause of i feeling between the two men (Para 4)?A Mozart's experience of breaking up with his father.B.Salieri's attempt to undermine Mozart's success.C.Mozart's success and status as a musical talent.D.Salieri's success and status in the musical circle.23.Which of the following statements BEST supports " .............. .... the complexity of real characters is reduced to suit the needs ofa dramatic contrast between good and evil" (Para. 1)?A.It certainly was not a mark of his downfall or ignominy ..................(Para 5).B.For all its liberties, the story is actually based on a real rumor. (Para 2).C.Mozart's secondary status during his own lifetime thus appears unjust... (Para 6).D.In his private life, he may not have had Mozart's exuberance.... (Para. 3).24.Throughout the passage, the author attempts mainly toA examine how the film appeals to modem audienceB.correct some distorted personal details in the filmC.highlight the entertainment value of the film AmadeusD.provide an account of Mozart as a talented musicianSECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question inNO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET two.PASSAGE ONE25. Why docs the author call the gorilla "a paradox" (Para. I)?26. Mention TWO characteristics of gorillas which resemble those of humans.PASSAGE TWO27. Mention at least TWO differences between the mutes (Para. 1).28. What does,*Sadly Antonapoulos would shuffle the morsel from one comer of the case to the other" tell us (Para. 1)?29. How did the two mutes share cooking and washing?PASSAGE THREE30. What does "such historical liberties" refer to according to the context (Para 1)?31. Why docs the author say that "Shaffer's story makes fbr great drama" (Para 3)?32. What does the author imply by saying,*who undoubtedly would have told the talc in an altogether different key" (Para. 6)? PART HI LANGUAGE USAGE |15 MIN|The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONEword is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word.mark the position of the missing word with a**A" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word. cross the unnecessary word with a slash V and put the word in the blank provided at theend of the line.ExampleWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangsthem on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION |20 MIN|Translate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.你的青春就是一场远行，一场离自己的童年，离自己的少年，越来越远的远行。

英语专业八级人文知识练习题及答案英语专业八级人文知识练习题及答案1. “Ode to the west wind” was written by the author of ___.A “I wandered lonely as a cloud”B “Kubla Khan”C “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”D “As Defense of Poetry”2. Which of the following poets does not belong to the school of romantic poets?A William WordsworthB Percy Bysshe ShelleyC George Gordon ByronD John Donne3. Charles Dickens wrote all of the following except ___.A Oliver TwistB David CopperfieldC A Tale of Two CitiesD Heart of Darkness4. “A Red, Red Rose” was written by ___.A Alexandra PopB Robert BurnsC William BlakeD John Keats5. Pip is the character of Charles Dickens’ novel ___.A Oliver TwistB David CopperfieldC A Tale of Two CitiesD Great Expectations6. Sense and Sensibility is a ___ by ___.A play… Jane AustenB novel… Jane AustenC play… Emily BronteD novel… Anne Bronte7. In reading Shakespeare, you must have come across the line “T o be or not to be---that is the question” by___.A Iago in OthelloB Lear in King LearC Shylock in the Merchant of VeniceD Hamlet in Hamlet8. Robert Browning’s “My last Duchess” is composed in the form of a(n) ___.A dramatic monologueB extended metaphorC syllogistic argumentD dialogue9. Thomas Hardy wrote novels of __.A character and environmentB pure romanceC “stream of consciousness”D psychoanalysis10. “Wessex novels” refers to the novels written by ___.A Charles DickensB D.H. LawrenceC James JoyceD Thomas Hardy答案详解：1 选D“I wandered lonely as a cloud” 的作者是William Wordsworth; “Kubla Khan” 的作者是 Samuel Taylor Coleridge;“Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” 的作者是 George Gordon Byron.《西风颂》（Ode to the west wind）是 Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱)的代表作，他的文论着作有《诗辩》（A Defense of Poetry。