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2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。
Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. B. At three next Wednesday.2. B. A piercing pain.3. A. He is going to get married.4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more.5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him.6. B. It's wise to be prepared.7. B. He is a trouble-maker.8. D. $309. C. Work out in the gym.10. B. 23211. A. Mary isn't his type.12. A. Play tennis.13. C. In the hospital.14. A. She is seriously ill.15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady.Section BDialogue16. A. A duodenal ulcer.17. B. Try medical means.18. A. Overweight.19. C. He is a heavy smoker.20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks.Passage One21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity.22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.23. B. In their 60s and 70s.24. D. Iron.25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity.Passage Two26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty.27. B. He is an investment advisor.28. D. Fear.29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, Cand D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31. Employers have a legal obligation to pay _______ to their workers for injuries.A. compensationB. compromiseC. commodityD. consumptionKey: A32. The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to _________.A. alleviateB. aggravateC. extinguishD. interveneKey: D33. But despite all the legal hustle and bustle, they don’t actually expect to _______ death sentences to life terms without parole.A. induceB. convertC. reviveD. swerveKey: B34. To maintain physical well-being, a person should eat _______ food and get sufficient exercise.A. integralB. grossC. wholesomeD. intactKey: C35. The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the ______ and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A. provisionB. prosperityC. privilegeD. preferenceKey: B36. It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that “their lives will not be ______ as a resul t of bed shortages.”A. facilitatedB. forfeitedC. fulfilledD. furnishedKey: B37. The cause of his death has been a mystery and _______ unknown so far.A. exclusivelyB. superficiallyC. utterlyD. doubtfullyKey: C38. It is known that some ways of using resources _______ can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A. recklesslyB. sparinglyC. sensiblyD. incrediblyKey: A39. Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through ______ water.A. filteredB. distilledC. contaminatedD. purifiedKey: C40. We welcome him not ____________ as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A. by the wayB. at all eventsC. by no meansD. in any senseKey: C阅读理解答案如下：Part IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage One61. To have a journey of discovery witheach child, according to the passage, is _____________.A. to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62. In the first paragraph, the authorsuggests that parents ____________.D. keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchild63. When there exists a “marker” in thechild, according to the passage, __________.A. it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64. What is the author trying to tell us inthe third paragraph?B. Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65. What is the main idea of the passage?C. Parents’ role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66. The study's results indicated_____________.A. health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67. Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A. A higher death rate.68. What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C. A large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69. The Americans' unique health-carechallenge, according to James Smith, is derived form ______________.D. their unhealthy lifestyle factors70. Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine __________.B. benefits more seniors who need medicalcare.Passage Three71. The current PIK study ___________.B. was based on the global land-use models72. As the PIK results imply, it ispossible ____________.D. to return to the emission levels around199573. Simply put, to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to __________.A. to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74. The greenhouse gas pie tells us__________.C. the priorities in the environmentalprotection75. What can be the best title for thepassage?D. Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76. What can be said of Henry?C. His life was improved with telehealth.77. Henry activates his daily healthmanagement __________.B. By getting hooked up to the monitoringdevices78. As one of the pioneering patients,Henry __________.A. receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79. What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D. His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80. Thanks to the telehealth technology, Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level, thus __________.C. getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81. Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health __________.A. lies in our exposome82. What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D. Changeable.83. Speaking of genes, Rappaport would saythat __________.B. there is no such a thing as predictivemedicine.84. Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences. Wild contends that __________.C. each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85. Particularly important, according toNicholson, is the time when __________.C. the exposome comes inPassage Six86. The author cries for a change in____________.D. global science publishing87. According to the author, the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to __________.C. their limited publications in globalindexing databases88. The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that __________.D. most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89. To address the current situation, theauthor argues that it is imperative that __________.D. quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90. Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C. Globalizing Science Publishing写作英语作文：With the development of medical career, people increasingly high demand for community services, at present Chinese medicine in development stage, general practitioners training become a kind of trend, general practitioners in the community as a medical, health care, prevention, health management, training and education level, problems still exist and need to be improved.随着医学事业的发展,人们越来越高的对社区服务的需求,目前中医在发展阶段,全科医生培训成为一种趋势,在社区全科医生作为医疗、保健、预防、健康管理,培训和教育水平,问题仍然存在,需要改善。
2016年上半年四川省眼科学主治医师葡萄膜试题一、单项选择题（共27题，每题的备选项中，只有 1 个事最符合题意）1、巩膜裂伤缝合错误的是__A．先缝合伤口中央，再向两侧延伸B．剪除嵌顿在创口内的玻璃体C．应充分暴露视野D．看到明确的视网膜裂孔再冷冻E．应用6-0缝线缝合2、轴性近视不正确的是A．晶状体屈光指数、曲率半径正常B．角膜屈光指数、曲率半径正常C．易出现内斜D．屈光力正常E．眼轴延长3、为使滴眼剂对角膜的通透性增强，可对滴眼剂__A．改变pH值B．加表面活性剂C．加赋形剂D．采用低分子药物E．所有以上措施4、注视性质为中心注视的弱视的矫正方法为（）A．验光配镜+弱视训练B．验光配镜+手术治疗C．视觉刺激疗法D．红胶片法E．以上均不正确5、为使滴眼剂对角膜的通透性增强，可对滴眼剂____A．改变pH值B．加表面活性剂C．加赋形剂D．采用低分子药物E．所有以上措施6、多发性大动脉炎视力障碍的主要原因是__A．黄斑囊样水肿B．玻璃体积血C．视网膜缺血缺氧D．坏死性小动脉炎E．血管炎症渗出7、β-肾上腺素能受体阻滞剂（）A．0.5％丁卡因B．噻吗洛尔C．双氯芬酸D．酰唑胺E．毛果芸香碱8、高眼压症的危险因素不包括____A．眼压升高的程度B．视盘的形态异常C．青光眼的家族史D．心血管疾病E．眼前段的大小9、晶状体脱位最常见的原因__A．先天性的晶状体脱位B．外伤性晶状体脱位C．自发性的晶状体脱位D．全身性综合征E．炎症导致的晶状体脱位10、患者男，30岁，工作时不慎被铁水灼伤双眼，检查双眼睑红肿，角膜上皮全部剥脱，基质高度水肿混浊，一期处理正确的是____A．板层角膜移植B．前房冲洗C．羊膜移植D．角膜缘干细胞移植E．自体结膜移植11、睫状充血的特点不包括____A．推动结膜时血管不移动B．为前睫状动脉充血C．愈靠近角膜缘充血愈不显著D．围绕角膜呈毛刷状E．滴用肾上腺素液后充血并不减轻12、眼底荧光造影检查中，不属于强荧光形态的有A．新生血管B．脉络膜渗漏C．血管充盈缺损D．视网膜渗漏E．透见荧光13、眼球向正前方平视时，最前端突出于眶外缘约____A．＜8mm B．8～9mm C．10～11mm D．12～14mm E．＞14mm 14、后天性上睑下垂，伴有Homer综合征，可能的病因为A．重症肌无力B．外展神经麻痹C．交感神经损害D．提上睑肌损伤E．动眼神经麻痹15、米泔样便见于__A．婴儿消化不良B．急性细菌性痢疾C．急性胃肠炎D．霍乱E．阿米巴痢疾16、FFA中，视网膜色素上皮萎缩显示为____A．荧光素渗漏B．池样充盈C．窗样缺损D．组织染色E．充盈缺损17、下列疾病脑脊液中，均以淋巴细胞增高为主，但除外__A．化脓性脑膜炎B．病毒性脑膜炎C．结核性脑膜炎D．脑脊髓梅毒18、甲状腺相关眼病的治疗，错误的是__A．首先考虑内分泌科治疗甲状腺功能异常B．有眼征的患者均需眼部治疗C．球结膜轻度水肿、角膜暴露时应局部应用人工泪液D．严重的眼球突出，内分泌科甲状腺治疗及糖皮质激素治疗无效时，可考虑应用免疫抑制剂或放疗E．眶压明显升高严重压迫视神经时应考虑及时行眶减压术19、易误诊为黑色素痣或黑瘤的眼睑肿瘤为A．鳞状上皮细胞癌B．黄色素瘤C．毛细血管瘤D．基底细胞癌E．皮脂腺腺癌20、关于视网膜中央动脉阻塞的叙述，正确的是A．动脉管径无变化B．动脉变细，静脉变粗C．动脉变细，静脉变细D．静脉管径无变化E．以上都不对21、脱落的结膜上皮细胞、白细胞、病原体和富含纤维素性的渗出物混合形成（）A．乳头增生B．滤泡形成C．膜或假膜形成D．结膜下出血E．结膜肉芽肿22、以下不属于水样液缺乏性干眼症的治疗措施的是__A．戴湿房镜B．泪小点封闭C．人工泪液D．口服四环素口服必嗽平23、关于视神经，错误的是__A．眶内段最长，活动度最大B．视神经鞘膜内间隙与大脑同名间隙相通，故颅内压升高易出现视乳头水肿C．筛板前视神经无髓鞘D．视乳头血供全部来源于Zinn环E．视神经管内段神经鞘膜与骨膜紧密结合，因此外伤时易受损伤24、上皮基底膜营养不良又称为（）A．Bowen病B．Terrien边缘变性C．地图-点状-指纹状营养不良D．急性卡他性结膜炎E．春季卡他25、视网膜血管瘤特征性的表现是____A．红色瘤体B．黄白色渗出C．迂曲扩张的一对滋养血管D．渗出性视网膜脱离E．继发性青光眼26、该患者的显性远视度数为B．+3DC．+5.5DD．+IDE．+6.5D27、眼睑最常见的良性病变是（）A．基底细胞癌B．毛细血管瘤C．乳头状瘤D．角化棘皮病E．睑板腺腺癌二、多项选择题（共27题，每题的备选项中，有 2 个或 2 个以上符合题意，至少有1 个错项。
最新2016年中山眼科中心博士考核试题
1、先白进展
2、眼表健康维持的因素
3、眶蜂窝织炎诊治
4、糖网黄斑水肿的诊治进展
5、难治性青光眼治疗进展
2016年中山眼科中心考博真题：
1、前房积脓的原因和鉴别诊断
2、干眼、MGD和睑缘炎的角膜结膜病理改变、临床表现和治疗之间的关系和展望
3、青光眼局部用药机制、适应症和禁忌症
4、晶状体病的分类、临床表现和治疗
5、息肉样脉络膜血管病的诊断和治疗进展
附送2015年眼科中心博士中期考核试题：
1、抗VEGF治疗进展
2、白内障手术并发症及处理
3、青光眼滤过手术的早、晚期并发症临床表现和处理
4、脉络膜肿瘤鉴别诊断（至少3个）
5、先天性白内障的治疗进展
2015年考博真题（2015年没有六选五，只有五个题目，每题20分）
1、晶状体源性青光眼临床表现和诊治
2、糖网的眼部并发症及并发症的分型
3、脉络膜新生血管疾病的诊断和治疗进展
4、眼挫伤的临床表现
5、3岁男童被家长发现右眼瞳孔黄白色反光，间有哭闹，如何鉴别和诊断2014年真题
1、感染性角膜炎分类及治疗。
2、近视眼治疗进展
3、青光眼检查进展及应用。
4、眼化学伤的分期与治疗。
5、玻璃体积血的病因、检查和治疗。
6、老年人视网膜下黑色隆起的鉴别诊断及检查。
2013年的中山眼科中心考博真题：
1、玻璃体手术新进展
2、高度近视诊治新进展
3、干眼诊治新进展
4、眼内出血并发青光眼至少5种原因及处理
5、白内术后并发眼内炎原因和治疗原则
6、屈光手术进展。
目录四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题 (2)2004年 (2)四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题 (2)2006年 (2)四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题 (3)2004年 (3)2004年 (4)四川大学华西医学部博士入学考试口腔内科试题2004年1.牙髓牙本质复合体2.根尖基点3.牙龈素4.副肿瘤性天疱疮5.显著性龋均指数1.牙菌斑是如何致龋的2.根管治疗的进展3.控制牙菌斑对牙周炎治疗的意义及控制方法4.复发性口疮为什么可以用免疫抑制剂，也可以用免疫增强剂，举例说明5.根据自己的知识讲述中国口腔疾病的现状，并提出防治策略及方法四川大学华西医学部病理学博士入学考试试题2006年四川大学华西医学部骨科专业博士入学考试试题2004年一、名词解释：（每题2分）Tissue engineeringColles’ fractureBone-fascia compartment syndromeGaleazzi’s fractureThomas sign二、问答题：⒈上下肢骨传导音的检查方法及意义？⒉股骨头血供的特点及其对股骨颈骨折的临床治疗、预后的指导意义？⒊脊柱“三柱”理论的原理及其对脊柱骨折治疗的指导意义？请简述脊柱骨折治疗的基本原则？⒋人工髋关节置换术后骨溶解的病理生理及临床表现？目前有效的治疗方法？⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同？请简述两者治疗方法的特点？⒍病案分析男性，30岁，伤后8小时入院，双下肢活动障碍，双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。
X 光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm，双侧骶髂关节脱位，骶骨骨折。
请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医学部局解（骨科专业基础）博士入学考试试题2004年每题10分，选做100分⒈脊椎骨间的主要连接？⒉股鞘的结构与内容？⒊阑尾的常见位置，怎样寻找阑尾？⒋腹股沟管的构成？⒌甲状腺的位置、毗邻、甲状腺血管与神经的关系？⒍胸膜腔的体表投影？⒎子宫的位置及毗邻？⒏直肠的形态和毗邻？⒐心脏的血供？⒑肝外胆管的组成及毗邻？⒒后纵隔的结构及排列关系？⒓肾脏的位置与毗邻？⒔会阴中心体的构成及作用？⒕女性乳房的结构特点及主要淋巴引流？。
眼科学考试题（附参考答案）一、单选题（共88题，每题1分，共88分）1.患者,女,55岁,右眼胀痛,视力锐减,虹视,伴恶心、呕吐、同侧头痛一天。
既往曾有类似发病史,多在劳累后,晚上发作,睡觉后第二天缓解。
检查:右眼视力0.06,混合充血,以睫状充血为主。
角膜雾状混浊,尘状KP,前房浅,瞳孔中度散大,直径6mm,光反射迟钝,晶体前囊下可见4个白色混浊斑块,眼底窥不清。
最可能的诊断是:()A、青光眼睫状体炎综合征B、缺血性视神经病变C、晶状体源性青光眼D、正常眼压性青光眼E、急性闭角型青光眼正确答案：E2.凋亡(apoptosis)是指细胞:A、有计划性的细胞死亡B、增生C、异生D、再生正确答案：A3.最易引起凝固坏死的原因是:A、缺血或缺氧B、消化酶外漏C、结核杆菌感染D、化脓性细菌感染正确答案：A4.对糖尿病性视网膜病变的早期诊断最有帮助的辅助检查是( )A、荧光眼底血管造影(FA)B、视野C、视网膜中央动脉血压D、暗适应E、视网膜电图(ERG)正确答案：A5.均属于上消化道的是?A、口腔,胃,回肠B、口腔,十二指肠,胃C、口腔,食管,空肠D、食管,胃,十二指肠正确答案：D6.色觉敏感度最高的是:A、黄斑B、赤道部视网膜C、视盘D、周边部视网膜正确答案：A7.下列哪项不是磺胺硫尿类(sulfonylureas)口服降血糖药物的作用机转?A、增加胰岛素接受器的数目B、增进胰岛素在体內的作用C、抑制肠胃道对糖分的吸收D、直接刺激β細胞分泌胰岛素正确答案：C8.岁以上患者反复发生的霰粒肿,要考虑A、基底细胞癌可能B、眼睑黄色瘤可能C、皮样囊肿可能D、睑板腺癌可能E、鳞状细胞癌可能正确答案：D9.患者男,52岁,1月前曾被树枝擦伤左眼。
现主诉左眼视力下降,眼红眼痛,体检发现左眼混合充血,角膜灰白色干燥溃疡,则诊断应高度怀疑()A、真菌性角膜炎B、病毒性角膜炎C、蚕食性角膜溃疡D、细菌性角膜炎正确答案：A10.预防糖尿病足的发生,下列对患者选择鞋子的建议,哪项不适合?A、每次穿鞋前应先检查鞋內有无异物B、新鞋每次最多穿2小时C、为能使足部充分透气,应多选择穿涼鞋D、至少有两双鞋轮流交替穿正确答案：C11.患者,男性,26岁,因“双眼反复红痒伴异物感半年”就诊,查体:双眼眼睑睫毛根部见头皮样鳞屑附着,部分皮脂集中于睫毛根部呈黄色结痂,睑缘肥厚,睫毛排列尚规则,双眼球结膜充血,角膜透明。
眼科学题库（附参考答案）一、单选题（共88题，每题1分，共88分）1.有关糖尿病的诊断标准,下列哪项正确?1、出现多喝、多尿与不预期的体重减轻症状;2、葡萄糖耐受试验1小时后血糖值超过200mg/dL;3、禁食超过8小时以上,血糖值超过126mg/dL;4、随机血糖值超过200mg/dL;5、糖化血色素(HbA1C)低于7%A、1、2、3B、1、2、4C、1、3、4D、2、4、5正确答案：C2.正常平视时,上脸遮盖角膜上部:A、1.5-2mmB、2-3mmC、1.5-2.5mmD、0.5-1mmE、0.5-1.5mm正确答案：C3.下列关于脑死亡的意义说法不正确的是()A、为器官移植创造条件B、可以确诊为植物人状态C、有利于判定死亡时间D、确定终止复苏抢救的界限正确答案：B4.先天性心脏病或消化器官有疾病的儿童,影响生长发育,其主要理由是()A、不能得到父母很好的照顾B、情绪不佳C、细胞得不到充分的营养D、心脏负担太大正确答案：C5.患者,女性,27岁,1周前搬入新装修好的新房后出现双眼上睑红肿,伴有眼睑皮肤刺痒、烧灼感,查体:双眼上睑充血水肿,皮肤增厚、粗糙,球结膜水肿,角膜透明。
以下哪一项处理是错误的()A、10%葡萄糖酸钙静脉推注B、口服抗组胺药物C、局部热敷D、局部使用皮质类激素E、3%硼酸溶液湿敷正确答案：C6.人体主要进行养分吸收作用的器官是?A、小肠B、肝C、胃D、大肠正确答案：A7.正常人眼球向前方平视时,一般突出于外侧眶缘约:A、12—13mmB、11一12mmC、14—15mmD、13—14mmE、12—14mm正确答案：E8.真菌性角膜炎的病因有()A、长期大量使用广谱抗生素所致B、长期大量使用糖皮质激素所致C、植物性角膜外伤D、长期大量使用免疫抑制剂所致E、以上均对正确答案：E9.甲狀腺亢进的症狀,不包括下列何者?A、经常感到烦躁B、个体异常消瘦C、智力減退D、容易紧张正确答案：C10.有关高血糖、高渗透、非酮性昏迷的叙述,下列哪些正确?1、病人昏迷乃是因为脑细胞脱水所致;2、常见于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的年轻患者;3、病人会出现多食、多渴、多尿、休克等症状;4、为糖尿病患者可能发生的急性合并症A、1、2、4B、1、3、4C、2、3、4D、1、2、3正确答案：B11.眼眶由7块骨构成,不包括下面那一项.A、颞骨、额骨B、泪骨、颧骨C、上颌骨、颧骨D、额骨、筛骨E、蝶骨、腭骨正确答案：A12.阑尾的体表标志是?A、左髂前上棘与肚脐连线中外2/3B、右髂前上棘与肚脐连线中外2/3C、左髂前上棘与肚脐连线中内1/3D、右髂前上棘与肚脐连线中外1/3正确答案：D13.骨髓移植可有效治疗下列哪种贫血?A、海洋型贫血B、再生不良性贫血C、镰刀形血球贫血D、恶性贫血正确答案：B14.成年时的眼球前后径约:A、24mmB、25mmC、26mmD、27mm正确答案：A15.有关糖尿病的诊断标准,下列哪项正确?①出现多喝、多尿与不预期的体重减轻症状②葡萄糖耐受试验1小時后血糖值超过200mg/dl③禁食超过8小时以上,血糖值超过126mg/dl④随机血糖值超过200mg/dl⑤糖化血色素(HbA1C)低于7%A、①②③B、①②④C、①③④D、②④⑤正确答案：C16.以下不属于泪液排出系统的是()A、泪总管B、泪腺C、鼻泪管D、泪小点E、泪小管正确答案：B17.一孕妇因跌倒而致骨折,经检查发现胎儿正常,但母亲肺功能异常,后证实为肺栓塞.最有可能是:A、血栓栓塞B、气体栓塞C、脂肪栓塞D、羊水栓塞正确答案：C18.老年性白内障膨胀期,在进行散瞳检查时,应慎用阿托品,其理由是:( )A、阿托品散瞳时间长,给工作带来不便B、老年人身体较弱不宜用阿托品散瞳C、具有青光眼素质者可能导致青光眼发作D、以上全项正确答案：C19.口渴、多尿,常有饥饿感,这些现象是下列哪一种疾病常有之症状?A、尿毒症B、糖尿病C、高血压D、心脏病正确答案：B20.针对糖尿病患者的饮食设计,下列敘述哪项错误?A、饮食之调理宜用植物油B、饮食的热量以維持标准体重为原则C、教导个案采高脂饮食补充热量D、应多选择含纤维的食物正确答案：C21.AMD(年龄相关性黄斑变性)的说法,下述错误的是:A、是我国中老年人致盲的首位原因B、与种族、性别、家族史以及吸烟史等因素有关C、干性AMD主要以外层视网膜、RPE、玻璃膜以及脉络膜毛细血管的萎缩变性,drusen出现为特征D、湿性AMD除了有干性AMD的病理改变,还有RPE下CNV长入的特征性改变E、目前尚无确切方法预防干性AMD正确答案：A22.耳前淋巴结肿大和压痛见于:A、过敏性结膜炎B、细菌性结膜炎C、病毒性结膜炎D、免疫性结膜炎正确答案：C23.下列哪兩項系統负责人类面對外來刺激的反应与协调?A、神经系統、免疫系统B、循环系统、免疫系统C、內分泌系統、循环系统D、神经系統、內分泌系統正确答案：D24.患者,男,45岁。
Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the sentences are incomplete.Four words or phrases,marked A,B,C and D,are given beneath each of them.You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Employers have a legal obligation to pay_______to their workers forpensation promise modity D.consumptionKey:A32.The argument between the two patients became so fierce that the doctor had to_________.A.alleviateB.aggravateC.extinguishD.interveneKey:D33.But despite all the legal hustle and bustle,they don’t actually expect to_______death sentences to life terms without parole.A.induceB.convertC.reviveD.swerve Key:B34.To maintain physical well-being,a person should eat_______food and get sufficient exercise.A.integral B.gross C.wholesome D.intactKey:C35.The Central Government’s pledge to maintain the______and stability of Hong Kong at all costs is a great encouragement to the local finance.A.provisionB.prosperityC.privilegeD.preferenceKey:B36.It is pointed out that patients must be reassured that“their lives will not be______as a result of bed shortages.”A.facilitatedB.forfeitedC.fulfilledD.furnished Key:B37.The cause of his death has been a mystery and_______unknown so far.A.exclusivelyB.superficiallyC.utterlyD.doubtfully Key:C38.It is known that some ways of using resources_______can destroy the environment as well as the people living in it.A.recklesslyB.sparinglyC.sensiblyD.incrediblyKey:A39.Cholera is a preventable waterborne bacterial infection that is spread through______ water.A.filtered B.distilled C.contaminated D.purifiedKey:C40.We welcome him not____________as a new broom but rather as a very old friend.A.by the wayB.at all eventsC.by no meansD.in any senseKey:C2016医博英语考试阅读理解答案如下：Part IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage One61.To have a journey of discovery witheach child,according to the passage,is_____________.A.to discover their unique sleep-wakecycles62.In the first paragraph,the authorsuggests that parents____________.D.keep a diary on sleep pattern for theirchild63.When there exists a“marker”in thechild,according to the passage,__________.A.it might lead to his or her earlysubstance use64.What is the author trying to tell us inthe third paragraph?B.Sometimes parents need to seek professionalassistance.65.What is the main idea of the passage?C.Parents’role in building their child’shealthy sleeping habit.Passage Two66.The study's results indicated_____________.A.health disparities between English andAmerican senior citizens67.Which of the following is uniquehealth-care challenge for English senior citizens when compared with theirAmerican counterparts?A.A higher death rate.68.What does James Smith imply by anAmerican plate?C.A large portion of food consumed byAmericans.69.The Americans'unique health-carechallenge,according to James Smith,is derived form______________.D.their unhealthy lifestyle factors70.Even though it is much more aggressive,the American medicine__________.B.benefits more seniors who need medicalcare.Passage Three71.The current PIK study___________.B.was based on the global land-use models72.As the PIK results imply,it ispossible____________.D.to return to the emission levels around199573.Simply put,to produce and consume lessmeat and dairy is to__________.A.to reduce more methane and nitrous oxideemissions74.The greenhouse gas pie tells us__________.C.the priorities in the environmentalprotection75.What can be the best title for thepassage?D.Diet for a Healthier PlanetPassage Four76.What can be said of Henry?C.His life was improved with telehealth.77.Henry activates his daily healthmanagement__________.B.By getting hooked up to the monitoringdevices78.As one of the pioneering patients,Henry__________.A.receives the most benefits fromtelehealth79.What is the most important about thetelehealth technology in the case of Henry?D.His condition can be kept undercontinuous surveillance at home.80.Thanks to the telehealth technology,Henry knows for sure his blood oxygen level,thus__________.C.getting hospitalized in no timePassage Five81.Rappaport argues that a major threat toour human health__________.A.lies in our exposome82.What can be said of the exposomeaccording to Rappaport?D.Changeable.83.Speaking of genes,Rappaport would saythat__________.B.there is no such a thing as predictivemedicine.84.Even though we cannot pinpoint theexact impact of environmental influences.Wild contends that__________.C.each of us leaves a unique exposurehistory in the environment85.Particularly important,according toNicholson,is the time when__________.C.the exposome comes inPassage Six86.The author cries for a change in____________.D.global science publishing87.According to the author,the lowinternational recognition and impact of scientists in the developing countriescan be attributed to__________.C.their limited publications in globalindexing databases88.The survey conducted by Tijssenjustified the author's view that__________.D.most scientists in developing countriesremain marginalized in global science publishing89.To address the current situation,theauthor argues that it is imperative that__________.D.quality and quantity be desired in thelocal journals90.Which of the following can be the besttitle for the passage?C.Globalizing Science Publishing。
2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解试卷一（Paper One）Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Now let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. At ten next Wednesday.B. At three next Wednesday.C. At ten next Monday.D. At three next Monday.【答案】B【解析】录音中护士一开始问男病人下个星期一上午十点有空吗？病人说只有下午三点有空，接下来护士确认了最后的时间为下个星期三的三点，故正确答案为B项。
四川大学·2016年·博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析————————————————————————————————————————完形填空Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer，that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence，it 5，is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep，burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn，and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence？That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we ‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise，it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner，14 ，is running a small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs，they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience，our faithfulness，our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ，not merely how much of it there is. 18 ，they would hope to study a 19 question：Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？20 the results are inconclusive. 1. ［A］Suppose［B］Consider［C］Observe［D］Imagine 2. ［A］tended［B］feared［C］happened［D］threatened 3. ［A］thinner［B］stabler［C］lighter［D］dimmer 4. ［A］tendency［B］advantage［C］inclination［D］priority 5. ［A］insists on［B］sums up［C］turns out［D］puts forward 6. ［A］off ［B］behind［C］over［D］along 7. ［A］incredible［B］spontaneous［C］inevitable［D］gradual 8. ［A］fight［B］doubt［C］stop［D］think 9. ［A］invisible［B］limited［C］indefinite［D］different 10. ［A］upward［B］forward［C］afterward［D］backward 11. ［A］features［B］influences［C］results［D］costs 12. ［A］outside［B］on［C］by［D］across 13. ［A］deliver［B］carry［C］perform［D］apply 14. ［A］by chance［B］in contrast［C］as usual［D］for instance 15. ［A］if［B］unless［C］as［D］lest 16. ［A］moderate［B］overcome［C］determine［D］reach 17. ［A］at［B］for［C］after［D］with 18. ［A］Above all［B］After all［C］However［D］Otherwise 19. ［A］fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent［D］hostile 20. ［A］By accident［B］In time［C］So far［D］Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , ofcourse.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D. recognized her immediately.解析：B。
四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1. 本试题共5大题，共11页，请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2. 1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。
3. 翻译和作文题答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。
书写要求字迹消楚、工整。
I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhen a person begins a mediated or immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activ ity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change，the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessarily for each m ember to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.1 .The last word of the first sentence, nam ely “ends' is most likely B .[A] a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”[B] a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”[C] a postpositional adjective, meaning “finishing”[D] an adjective, meaning “purposeful”2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact,B .[A] the relationships between the participants break up[B] those who participate will be in an unintentional event[C] all participants would try to maintain their relationships|D] the participants will certainly get through an activity3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? C[A] The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.[B] Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.[C] Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.[D] If their relationship changes, the participants want it to change as they hoped.4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that . A[A] one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave[B] face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships[C] social relationship is something that is forced on all participants[D] to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face5. The best title for this passage may well be . A[A] Face and Social Relationship [B] How to Conduct Socially[C] Greetings and Farewells [D] Conversational SociologyPassage Two（Tips:出现人名字的地方用笔圈出来，数字用笔圈出来）The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things：Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain ---- thirty-one near the summit ---- when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, the ir power, their resistance to conquest. In Patrick Meyers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this li ne: “Mountains are metaphors.” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness，”the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $65,000 (plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second-guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazines:“Some of us have been asking: Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you.On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22,000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter — an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slope with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me.” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning. Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.6. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?[A] Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest.[B] Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits.[C] In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women.[D] Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.7. The sentence “They reach up to reach in”may be best paraphrased by “”[A] To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top[B] In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself[C] Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it[D] One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical8. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT .[A] Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously[B] Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing[C] New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing {D} It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing9. In the last paragraph, Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means.[A] determination is more vital than thinking[B] persistence and action require reasoning[C] one should avoid misunderstanding the situation[D] it is meaningless to think in mountaineering10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .. [A] a historian [B] a mountaineer[C] a tourist guide [D] a reporterPassage 3The Hertz Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the City of Dallas, and the Neiman-Marcus Group, Inc., have one thing in common----all have purchased the services of Feedback Plus. Feedback Plus is an agency that dispatches professiona l shoppers who pose as customers. These “mystery” shoppers visit the client’s business, purchase products or services and report back to the client on the quality of service they receive. The City of Dallas hired Feedback Plus to see how car-pound employees treat citizens picking up their cars. The Air Force is using professional shoppers to assess customer service at their on-base supply stores. Banks, hospitals, and public utilities are also hiring mystery shoppers. Vickie Henry, chief executive of Feedba ck Plus, notes that many similar firms compete for client’s business, and service really differentiates one firm from another. Although Henry has a database of 8,800 people who serve as professional shoppers, she sometimes assumes the role of mystery shopper herself. During a recent visit to an upscale women's apparel store, she observed the type of customer service most companies attempt to avoid. None of the many salespeople on the sales floor said hello when she entered the store. When she removed a skirt from a clothing rack, none of the salespeople approached her. Finally, several minutes after entering the store, Henry approached a salesperson and asked to use the dressing room. Needless to say, service at this firm did not receive high marks from Feedback Plus.As organizations experience increased competition for clients, patients, and customers, awareness of the importance of public contact increases. They are giving new attention to the old adage “First impressions are lasting impressions.” Research indicates that initial impressions do indeed tend to linger. Therefore, a positive first impression can set the stage for a long-term relationship.We are indebted to Susan Bixler, president of Professional Image, Inc., and author of Professional Presence, for giving us a better understanding of what it means to possess professional presence. Professional presence is a dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style that empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation. Once acquired, it permits us to be perceived as self-assured and thoroughly competent. We project a confidence that others can quickly perceive the first time they meet us.Bixler points out that, in most cases, the credentials we present during a job interview or when we are being considered for a promotion are not very different from those of other persons being considered, [t is oar professional presence that permits us to rise above the crowd. Debra Benton, a career consultant, says, “Any boss with a choice of two people with equal qualifications will choose the one with style as well as substance.” Learning to create a professional presence is one of the most valuable skills we can acquire.The development of professional presence begins with a full appreciation of the power of first impressions. The tendency to form impressions quickly at the time of an initial meeting illustrates what social psychologists call a primacy effect in the way people perceive one another. The general principle is that first impressions establish the mental framework within which a person is viewed, and later evidence is either ignored or reinterpreted to coincide with this framework.11. For all of the following walks of life EXCEPT the the professional presence has beendiscussed in this passage.[A] economic [B] military[C] academic [D] medical12. The underlined word “apparel” in the first paragraph means ““[A] apparatus [B] cosmetics[C] clothing [D] specialty13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] No first impressions would ever change in the later contacts.[B] How one composes oneself determines how one is evaluated by others.[C] Social psychology is a science that stipulates the principles for social behaviors.[D] Opportunities in jobs or promotions are for those who differ from their competitors.14. The underlined word : “poise” in the third paragraph means:[A] proper comportment [B]desirable position[C] careful pause [D] positive assurance15. Which of the following is likely to be the title of this article?[A] The Power of First Impression[B] The Primacy Effect in Marketing[C] Social Psychology in Business[D] The Importance of FeedbackPassage FourYou can’t drive if you’re blind, or blind drunk, but an alarming number of Americans find themselves, at least occasionally, driving in a blind rage. “It’s a major social issue，”says Dr. Ricardo Martinez, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safe ty Administration. “A 3,000-pound car in the hands of rude, hostile person is a lethal weapon.”A report on “road rage” to be released this week by the American Automobiles Association concluded that “motorists ... are increasingly being shot, stabbed, beaten, and run over for i nane reasons.” And inanity is not confined to young louts in “Baywatch” T-shirt: young men are by far the most common perpetrators, but middle-aged men and women can be equally big jerks. The most common manifestation of road rage was aggressive tailgating, followed by headlight flashing, “obscene gestures”, blocking other vehi cles, and verbal abuse. Drivers have been assaulted with weapons ranging from partially eaten burritos to canes (“a favorite with the elderly and disabled”）to golf clubs ---- and other vehicles, including buses,bulldozers, forklifts, and military tanks. “In terms of fatal crashes, drunks are a much bigger menace,”says David Willis, president of the AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. “But the average motorist doesn’t encounter a drunk very often, while in a place like Washington, D.C., at least once a week yo u’ll have an encounter with some crazy guy on the road.”Naturally, the phenomenon has given rise to its own therapeutic movement, whose leading practitioner is a Whittier, California, psychologist named Arnold Nerenburg. Nerenburg, who calls himself “America’s Road Rage Therapist”, has identified four stimuli that provoked road rage. The most common is feeling endange red by someone else’s driving --- for example, when another driver cuts you off or follows too closely. Others are resentment at being forced to slow down, righteous indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules or steals your parking space and ----perhaps the most dangerous, because it opens the door to an escalating exchange of hostilities ----anger at another driver who takes his own road rage out on you.The fact that most drivers are mutual strangers contributes to the volatility of highway confrontations. “There’s a deep psychological urge to release aggressio n a gainst an anonymous other,” Nerenburg says.Road-rage therapy tends toward the common-sensical---- “Take a deep breath and just let it go,” Nerenburg recommends. But it might help to consider that you might not be all that anonymous to the other driver. One of his patients realized the depth of his problem after he yelled an obscenity at the woman in the next car ----who turned out to be his boss s wife.16 .Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] More and more Americans are using their cars to express their anger.[B] Old people and women are milder in temperament during driving.[C] Common sense might be the basis for overcoming road rage.[D] If people know each other, road rage would not happen.17. According to American Automobile Association, the people are more likely than all the others to be road-angered.[A] young [B] middle-aged[C]old [D] handicapped18. Which of the following is a justifiable cause for road rage, according to Dr. Nerenburg?[A] Another driver fails to observe a traffic law.[B] The parking space is occupied by another car.[C] The lane is taken by a slowly-moving car.[D] Another driver flashes the head-light.19. The underlined word “lethal” in the first paragraph means:[A] powerful [B] illegal[C] dangerous [D] deadly20. What might be the deep problem that one of Nerenburg’s patients had realized?[A] He faces a lawsuit of sex harassment.[B] He is in danger of being fired.[C] He will be fined by traffic police.[D] He falls ill and has to see a doctor.Passage FiveMost people, asked if they can think without -speech, would probably answer, “Yes, but it is not easy for me to do so. Still I know it can be done.” Language is but a garment! But what if language is not so much a garment as a prepared road or groove? It is, indeed, in the highest degree likely that language is an instrument originally put to uses lower than the conceptual plane and that thought arises as a refined interpretation of its content. The product grows, in other words, with the instrument and the thought may be no more conceivable, in its genesis and daily practice, without speech than is mathematical reasoning practicable without the lever of an appropriate mathematically symbolism. No one believes that even the most difficult mathematical proposition is inherently dependent on an arbitrary set of symbols, but it is impossible to suppose that the human mind is capable of arriving at or holding such a proposition without the symbolism.The writer, for one, is strongly of the opinion that the feeling entertained by so many that they can think, or even reason, without language is an illusion. The illusion seems to be due to a number of factors. The simplest of these is the failure to distinguish between imagery and thought. As a matter of fact, no sooner do we try to put an image into conscious relation with another than we find ourselves slipping into a silent flow of words. Thought may be a natural domain apart from the artificial one of speech, but speech would seem to the only road we know of that leads to it.21. In the first line, the underlined phrase can best be replaced by[A] most of the people [B] more people[C] more than one people [D] many people22. In line 3, the word ‘groove” is probably closest in meaning to[A] later growth [B] designated slot[C] particular path [D] ready-made viaduct23. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree?[A] Thought came into being earlier than language[B] It is language that makes conceptual thought possible[C] Thought is no different from mathematics because it depends on symbolism[D] Both thought and language are the interpretation of propositions.24. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?[A] The imagery is the precondition of thought[B] Thought has to be bore in words.[C] Imagery is an explanation of words.[D] Once we use words, we make mistakes.25. The idea of this passage is held by[A]some people including the writer.[B] the writer himself alone[C] most people but the writer[D] one of the people other than the writerPassage SixStrikes and strikebreaking, lockouts and boycotts, all pit one side against the other in labor disputes. Ultimately, the negative effects of such actions ---- including resentment, fear, and distrust ---- linger for months or years after a dispute has been resolved.Increasingly, more productive techniques such as mediation and arbitration are being used to settle disagreements between labor and management. Either one may come into play before a labor contract expires or after some other strategy, such as a strike, has proven ineffective.Mediation is the use of a neutral third party to assist management and the union during their negotiations. This third party (the mediator) listens to both sides, trying to find common ground for agreement. The mediator also tries to encourage communication between the two sides to promote compromise, and generally keep the negotiation moving. Initially, the mediator may meet privately with each side. Eventually, however, the goal is to get the two sides to settle their differences at the bargaining table.Unlike mediation, the arbitration step involves a formal hearing. Just as it may be the final step in a grievance procedure, it may also be used in contract negotiations when the two sides cannot agree on one or more issues. At this point, the arbitrator hears the formal positions of both parties on outstanding, unresolved issues. The arbitrator then analyzes these positions and makes a decision on the possible resolution of the issues. If both sides have agreed in advance that the arbitration will be binding, that means they must accept the arbitrator’s decisio n.If mediation and arbitration are unsuccessful, then according to the Taft-Hartley Act, the president of the United States can obtain a temporary injunction to prevent or to stop a strike if it would endanger national health or security.26. According to the author, with the solution of a labor crisis[A] the tension between labor and management can continue[B] labor and management do not trust each other any more[C] the negative effect of actions like strike would be resolved[D] a long time is needed to bring the dispute to an end27. To resolve a labor dispute, one should[A] resort to mediation or arbitration from the start[B] make sure that the labor contract expires[C] take other steps before going to mediation or arbitration[D] strike first and then accept mediation or arbitration28. Which of the following is true of mediation?[A] The mediator makes final decisions after meeting with both sides.[B] To avoid bias, the mediator cannot meet either side in advance.[C] The primary task is to help both sides bargain with each other.[D] The mediator can be a representative from either the labor or the management.29. The pre-condition for an arbitration to be authoritative is that[A] both sides agree in advance to abide by the decision made[B] a formal hearing must be conducted just like in a court trial[C] the decision is focused on the most outstanding and unresolved issues[D] there is no bargaining allowed by arbitration，unlike mediation30. In the last sen tence, the underlined word “injunction” most likely refers to[A] a formal declaration [B] a subpoena [C] a lawsuit protocol [D] an official orderVI Vocabulary (10%; 0-5 mark each)31. Dr. Norman Bethune came from Canada to help the Chinese people in their war against Japanese aggression.[A] in the way [B] all the way [C] along the way [D] by the way32. Throughout history, he who knows the art of war uses force only as the last[A] resort [B] rescue [C] refrain [D] recant33. After a careful investigation and evaluation，the city hall decided to the old house.[A] dismantle [B] destroy [C] demolish [D] delineate34. The monument was so small that it appears to be more for than for memorial.[A] significance [B] indifference [C] oblivion [D] memory35. Millions of years ago the Vesuvian volcano destroyed Pompeii, but today it is[A] dormant [B] Pacifying [C] ignited [D] pictured36. Because humans have to talk about the limitless world by means of limited language sounds, there is a great between the world and language.[A] apathy [B]anomaly [C] asymmetry [D] agnosticism37. If an organism is quite successful in getting used with the environment that is new to it, we say that the organism is very[A] agile [B] adjustable [C] adoptive [D] adaptive38. When we do Planning, we Should take a11 relevant factors into consideration in order to as much as possible the difficult cases or even failures.[A] forestall [B] forerun [C] foretell [D] forecast39. is the practice of putting yourself in a position of another person in order to understand his/her feelings.[A] affectionate [B]empathy[C] pathology [D] affiliation40. In schools and universities, some courses are compulsory, which one has to take, while the others are( ) , either freely of as required.[A] optimal [B] opaque [C] optical [D] optional41. When one applies for a job position, one needs to ( ) one's resume, describing one's educational as well as working experiences.[A] submit [B] subject [C] submerge [D] subside42. As industry grew，so ( ) did the need for more and more skilled industrial workers.[A] much [B] as to [C] too [D] as for43. The rescue team worked hard to search for the missing mountaineers,( ) the heavy and icy snowstorm.[A] in spite [B] despite [C] although [D] disregard44. “Breaking Bad” is the most thrilling TV drama series ( ) I have watched in several years.[A] as [B] what [C] which [D] that45. The revised feasibility report handed in by the draft team is good enough, ( )a few spelling errors on some pages.[A] except for [B] except that [C] excepting [D] except46. It is mandatory that the engineering project ( ) accomplished by the end ofthis year.[A] is [B] has been [C] be [D] will be47. ( ) the advice from the councilor, we would not have finished the task so smoothly.[A] out of [B] what with [C] but for [D] instead of48. The traffic accident has claimed 5 lives, the cause of which is still ( ) investigation.[A] under [B] beyond [C] for [D] beneath49. Even though the bell for dismissing class has rung，the teacher is still talking ( )[A] over [B] forward [C] off [D] away50. Since the negotiation with the management has come to a deadlock, the worker's union decide to take ( ) the street.[A] to [B] over [C] down [D] away withIII Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)In the last decade, giving birth at home has become an increasingly popular option for some couples. Assisted by a physician or a nurse-midwife，many women have successfully given birth at home (51) A to healthy babies. In fact, some studies indicate that ―一for (52)<C>uncomplicated pregnancies --- home delivery is as safe as hospital delivery. (53) [B] Advocates of home birth argue that the atmosphere in a hospital --- with all its forbidding machines，rules, regulations, and general lack of “homeyness”---- is stressful. (54) [B] Therefore ，giving birth in a hospital detracts from what should be a joyous, natural human experience. Supporters of home birth further argue that hospitals are (55) [C] meant to deal with illness and that the delivery of a baby should not be viewed as an illness.On the other side of the argument, critics of home birth argue that if emergency medical (56) [A] procedures are necessary, giving birth at home may be (57) [B] downright dangerous. Furthermore, hospital practices in labor and delivery have changed (58) [D] radically in the last decade, particularly with the increased popularity of the Lamaze method. Thus hospitals are not the strange, forbidding environments they once were. (59) [A] Most hospitals, for example, allow fathers to be present (60) [A] at the entire labor and delivery, and many allow the。
考博详解与指导局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题：(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7.腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置病理真题1，名词解释：肉芽组织，老化，autopsy,瘘管，转移钙化，紫癜，类白血病反应，肺褐色硬化，纤维素样坏死2，选择题：老样子很简单3，简答体：肿瘤增生和非肿瘤增生的区别。
病案讨论：冠心病及其合并症有关的。
为什么说淤血总是病理性的?说出3种胃肠道的肉芽肿性炎。
说出3种病理诊断方法及其特点。
肿瘤的TNM分期，举例1个第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
2006年解剖..........名词解释1.Calot triangle, 2.prevertebral space, 3.costodiaphragmatic recess, 4.renal sinus, 5.pterion, 6.the sinus of vena cava, 7.喙肩弓, 8.股鞘, 9.尿生殖膈, 10.卵巢悬韧带简答(十选七)1.手的神经分布, 2.食管胸部的走行和吡邻, 3.股管的解剖结构和临床意义, 4.胸骨角平面的器官组织结构和走行, 5.男女直肠前壁的吡邻以及直肠指检可触及的结构, 6.子宫的位置和韧带, 7.腹股沟管的保护机制, 8.头皮的结构和神经血管分布, 9.结肠上间隙及小网膜囊的结构和吡邻, 10.颈部迷走神经,膈神经,及颈交感干的鉴别.华西01-04年外科考博之专业基础解剖试题01年考博局部解剖学试题一名词解释必答题（每题5分，共40分）纵隔翼点胸导管鼻旁窦胃床膀胱三角齿状线肩袖二问答题（从以下10题中选作五题，每题12分）1大脑动脉环的位置、组成、分支、及其意义2脊柱的骨性构成，连接方式，正常弯曲及其功能3胸膜的位置，分布，隐窝及其生理临床意义4子宫的位置，形态，分部，动、静脉来源、淋巴回流5咽的形态、位置，分部和各部通连6心的传导系统组成，各部的位置及机能意义7阐述腹股沟管8描述肝门，肾门和肺门9阐述甲状腺位置，毗邻及其血供10髋关节组成，结构特点02年考博局部解剖学试题一名词解释（每个3分，10题，共30分）鼻副窦腹直肌鞘主动脉裂孔肺段阴道穹输尿管间襞纵隔肝胰壶腹括约肌隔缘肉柱颈动脉鞘二问答题（共70分）1简述结肠上区器官配布特点（１０分）2肾结石随尿外排，常在哪些部位滞留（5分）3试述肝门、肾门、肺门内各器官的心局部关系（10分）4试述子宫的形态、位置、姿势和固定装置。
（10分）5试述髋关节的组成和结构特点（10分）6乳腺脓肿需进行切开排脓手术请问（10分）女性乳房结构上有哪些特点应如何选择手术切口、为什么7阑尾炎需作阑尾切除术，请问（15分）若是经麦氏点切口，经哪些层次到腹腔阑尾位于何处，常见位置有哪几种打开腹膜腔后，如何区分大，小肠如何才能迅速准确地找到阑尾阑尾动脉耒自何动脉，如何寻找辨认阑尾动脉2003年博士入学局部解剖学考试题一名词解释（共10个，每个3分，共计30分）骨髓椎间孔盆膈肺段纵隔肾蒂十二指肠悬韧带股管齿状线乳房悬韧带二问答题（共10题，从中选作7题，每题10分，共计70分）1男、女直肠前面各有何重要结构，肛门指诊男、女各能触及哪些结构？2试述膝关节的组成、结构特点和运动。
