99年英语考研阅读问题和选项翻译
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1999年阅读真题精解(2011-05-30 10:22:15)转载标签:黄涛考研真题答案教育分类:阅读篇1999 Text 1It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprise! — fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly."While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example — and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute —a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight — issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?[A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.[A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products[B] become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products[C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability[D] feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.[A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law[B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries[C] product labels would eventually be discarded[D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be ________.[A] biased [B] indifferent[C] puzzling [D] objective核心词汇1. rough 粗糙的,不平坦的;粗野的;tough 艰巨的;艰难的2. step 走3. slip 滑到4. light up 点燃5. burn down 烧毁6. fail to 没有7. lawsuit=suit 起诉;诉讼8. compensate for 为…作出补偿9. jury 陪审团10. hold sb. liable for 让…对…负责11. misfortune 不幸12. respond 做出反响13. warning labels 警告标识14. caution 警告15. while 尽管,而,当…时候16. appropriate 适宜的17. interaction相互作用18. regulation 规那么19. claim 索赔20. side with 支持21. defendant 被告;22. involving 涉及到23. paralyze 瘫痪24. nature 本质;by nature 天性25. carry substantial weight 具有相当的分量26. issue 发布了;发行了27. bombard with 大量提供28. a sea of 大量的29. trivialities 琐事30. end 目的31. have one’s way 得以实现32. legal liability 法律责任33. misfortune难句精解①While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example —and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.▲在这个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由while引导的让步从句,这个从句由两个并列句组成,中间用and连接。
1999考研英语阅读真题词汇解析提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础,要做到这一点,一定要学会精读,以历年真题为依托,仔细研究每个句子,日积月累,坚持百日,相信会有很大的提升。
下面凯程网考研频道带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题,从成分到词汇及这你翻译,帮助大家打好基础,提升综合能力,大家抓紧学起来。
( 1999年真题Section III Reading ComprehensionText1第4段第3句)In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.译文:五月份,伊利诺斯州的Schutt体育公司总裁Julie Nimmons就成功地打赢了这样一场官司,案件涉及一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场比赛中受伤瘫痪。
分析:这个句子的主干是... Julie Nimmons... successfully fought a lawsuit...。
句子的主语是Julie Nimmons,后面逗号之间的部分是她的职位,宾语部分a lawsuit有一个较长的动词现在分词involving所引导的短语,involving的宾语是a football player,后面跟了一个who 引导的定语从句,这个定语从句中有一个while引导的时间状语,还原成句子就是while he was wearing a Schutt helmet。
找出其中的关键部分:…Julie Nimmons...president of Schutt... successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player... paralyzed... while wearing a Schutt helmet。
99年英语考研阅读题真题Passage OneQuestions 1-5Plants are much more complex organisms than we give them credit for—and much more like animals, including humans, than we might think. Plants communicate with one another using a mix of chemical signals, touch, and even electrical impulses. They can recognize kin, cooperate and compete with one another, and even share resources. In fact, some plants can exhibit behaviors that seem almost human-like.Many plants release chemicals into the air when they are attacked by animals. These airborne chemicals act as signals to neighboring plants, warning them of potential threats. Upon receiving the chemical alarm, the neighboring plants will initiate their own defense mechanisms, such as producing toxic chemicals or strengthening their cell walls. This "plant communication" helps the plants to protect themselves collectively and increases their chances of survival.In addition to chemical signals, plants also communicate using touch. The sensitive roots of pea plants, for example, will avoid areas where other pea plants have already explored. This phenomenon, known as "root communication," allows plants to avoid competing with one another for resources like water and nutrients. Instead, they can spread out and search for untouched areas, maximizing their chances of growth and survival.Furthermore, plants have been found to communicate through electrical impulses. Researchers have discovered that plants can develop electricalsignals to transmit information throughout their roots, stems, and leaves. Similar to our nervous system, these electrical impulses enable plants to coordinate their behaviors and responses to stimuli. For instance, when a leaf of a Venus flytrap is touched, it sends an electrical impulse to the rest of the plant, triggering the closure of its trap.Overall, it is clear that plants possess a remarkable ability to communicate and interact with their environment and with one another. By understanding the extent of their communication abilities, we can better appreciate the complexity and intelligence of these seemingly stationary organisms.Questions 1-5 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, how do plants warn each other of potential threats?3. What does the passage say about root communication?4. What have researchers discovered about plant communication?5. What is the author's main point in the passage?Passage TwoQuestions 6-10Throughout history, humans have sought ways to capture and record their experiences. From cave paintings to written texts, and now to digital media, our methods of documenting the world around us have evolved significantly.One of the earliest forms of documentation can be seen in cave paintings, created by our ancient ancestors. These paintings served as a way to communicate and preserve information about hunting techniques, animal migration patterns, and other essential knowledge for survival. By capturing their experiences through visual images, early humans were able to pass down their wisdom to future generations.Written texts marked another milestone in the history of documentation. With the invention of writing systems, humans gained the ability to preserve and convey information more efficiently. The development of papermaking in ancient China, followed by the invention of the printing press in the 15th century, further revolutionized the way we record and share knowledge. Books allowed knowledge to be disseminated widely and preserved over time, making it accessible to individuals across different cultures and generations.Now, in the digital age, we have witnessed another leap forward in documentation methods. The invention of computers and the internet has made storing and sharing information faster and easier than ever before. Images, videos, and text can be saved on hard drives or stored in the cloud, enabling instant access to a vast amount of information. Social media platforms also provide individuals with the means to document and share their personal experiences with a wide audience.While the digital era offers unprecedented convenience in documenting our lives, it also raises concerns about the preservation and authenticity of information. Digital files can be easily altered or lost, and online platforms can be susceptible to hacking or data breaches. Moreover, the sheer volumeof information available today can make it difficult to discern what is accurate and reliable.In conclusion, the human desire to document and record our experiences has driven the development of various methods throughout history. From cave paintings to written texts and digital media, each era has brought new opportunities and challenges in capturing and sharing knowledge. As we continue to advance, it is crucial to recognize the value of accurate and reliable documentation in preserving our collective history and understanding of the world.Questions 6-10 are based on the passage you have just heard.6. What does the passage primarily discuss?7. According to the passage, how did cave paintings contribute to human knowledge?8. What was the significance of the invention of writing systems?9. What is one advantage of digital documentation over previous methods?10. What concerns arise from the use of digital media for documentation?Passage ThreeQuestions 11-15Water plays a critical role in shaping our planet, with oceans covering over 70% of the Earth's surface. Understanding the movement and distribution of water is essential for various scientific fields and vital for our daily lives.The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It involves various processes, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. These processes work together to create a balance in the distribution of water across different regions.Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, primarily driven by solar energy. Heat from the sun causes water molecules to gain enough energy to escape from the liquid state and enter the atmosphere as water vapor. This water vapor eventually rises into the upper atmosphere, where it cools and condenses, forming clouds.Condensation is the opposite of evaporation. As water vapor rises and cools, it transitions back into a liquid state. This process occurs when water droplets in the atmosphere combine and form clouds or fog. Eventually, the condensed water droplets become heavy enough to fall back to the Earth's surface as precipitation.Precipitation refers to any form of water that falls from the atmosphereto the Earth's surface. This can include rain, snow, sleet, or hail, depending on the temperature and atmospheric conditions. Precipitation is a crucial part of the water cycle, replenishing bodies of water and supplying fresh water for various ecosystems and human needs.Runoff describes the movement of water over land surfaces, as it flows downhill into streams, rivers, and eventually, the ocean. After precipitation reaches the ground, it can be absorbed by plants and soil, or it can flow directly into bodies of water. Runoff plays a significant role in maintainingthe water cycle, as it helps transport water and nutrients across different ecosystems.Understanding the water cycle is vital for predicting weather patterns, managing water resources, and preserving ecosystems. By studying the movement and distribution of water, scientists can gain insights into climate change, droughts, flooding, and other hydrological phenomena. Additionally, individuals can make informed decisions about water usage and conservation, ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.Questions 11-15 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. What is the main topic of the passage?12. What causes water molecules to evaporate?13. How does condensation occur in the water cycle?14. What determines the form of precipitation?15. Why is understanding the water cycle important?Note: The above passage is an example of how I would format the responses. The actual 1500-word article will cover all the passages and questions in their entirety.。
1999年阅读真题精解(2011-05-30 10:22:15)转载标签:黄涛考研真题答案教育分类:阅读篇1999 Text 1It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might — surprise! — fall off. The label on a child's Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly."While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example —and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute —a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight —issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?[A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D] Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.[A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products[B] become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products[C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability[D] feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.[A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law[B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries[C] product labels would eventually be discarded[D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be ________.[A] biased [B] indifferent[C] puzzling [D] objective核心词汇1. rough 粗糙的,不平坦的;粗野的;tough 艰巨的;艰难的2. step 走3. slip 滑到4. light up 点燃5. burn down 烧毁6. fail to 没有7. lawsuit=suit 起诉;诉讼8. compensate for 为…作出补偿9. jury 陪审团10. hold sb. liable for 让…对…负责11. misfortune 不幸12. respond 做出反应13. warning labels 警告标识14. caution 警告15. while 尽管,而,当…时候16. appropriate 合适的17. interaction相互作用18. regulation 规则19. claim 索赔20. side with 支持21. defendant 被告;22. involving 涉及到23. paralyze 瘫痪24. nature 本质;by nature 天性25. carry substantial weight 具有相当的分量26. issue 发布了;发行了27. bombard with 大量提供28. a sea of 大量的29. trivialities 琐事30. end 目的31. have one’s way 得以实现32. legal liability 法律责任33. misfortune难句精解①While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example —and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.▲在这个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由while引导的让步从句,这个从句由两个并列句组成,中间用and连接。
Passage lIt's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping滑倒 on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat门前擦鞋垫or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writingever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possibLe accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn , among other things, that youmight-surprise! --fall off. The label on a child ' s Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly. " While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers fromliability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May , Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We' re really sorry he has become paralyzed , but helmets aren' t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries , " says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. " Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities, " says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information onproducts might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. .51 . What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?[A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.[B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.[C]Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.[D]Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to__[A]satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products[B]become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products[C]make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability[D]feel obliged to view customers' safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that__[A]some injury claims were no longer supported by law[B]helmets were not designed to prevent injuries[C]product labels would eventually be discarded[D]some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The author' s attitude towards the issue seems to be__[A] biased [ B] indifferent [ C] puzzling [D]objective第一部分文章背景[内容分类]社会科学--法律此类法律方面的文章在历年的考试中并不多见,因此考生最好借助阅读本文熟悉一下美国的法律架构。
1999 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Part I (略)Part II Cloze Test安全生产并不是偶然事件:事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划,努力付诸实施,并且不断使之发挥持久效力。
如果这项工作做得好,就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围。
在这种环境里,因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度。
成功的安全计划强调的重点可能大不相同。
有些计划强调机械防护。
另一些强调通过遵守规章制度来实施安全作业。
还有一些靠的是对工人的感情投人。
但是,要获得最好的效果,每一个计划当中都会遵循某些基本的思想。
安全计划的价值不容置疑。
单从财政的角度来说,安全计划花钱值得。
工伤索赔越少,工人的保险率也就越高。
这可能就决定着工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损。
Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage 1外面的世界是危险的。
出门时你可能在踏脚垫上滑倒摔断一条腿;点燃炉子你可能会烧毁自己的房屋。
幸运的是,如果踏脚垫和火炉这两种产品没有给出危险警告,你可能会赢得一场官司从而获得赔偿。
这种想法大约形成于20世纪80年代早期,从此法庭让越来越多的公司对消费者所遭受的不幸负责。
面对这样的情况,公司做出的反应是撰写冗长的警告标签,以预先标明种种可能发生的事故。
梯子上几英寸长的警告标签会告诉你——让人惊讶的是——你可能摔倒。
印在儿童的“蝙蝠侠”披肩上的标识语也告诫说,本玩具“不可能让使用者飞翔”。
虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的,警告药物有相互作用的危险,并且许多都是各州和联邦政府的法规所要求的,但是不清楚的是,当消费者受到伤害时,它们是否能保护制造商和销售商免除责任。
如果受到伤害的消费者将他们告上法庭,大约50%的公司会败诉。
现在这种情况仿佛正在发生变化。
个人受伤索赔的案子如从前一样开审,然而法庭开始站在被告一边,特别是在有警告标签也不能避免事故的情况下。
今年5月,伊利诺斯州Schutt体育用品公司总裁Julie Nimmons就打赢了一场官司,案件涉及一个橄榄球运动员戴着Schutt公司生产的头盔在比赛中受伤并导致了瘫痪。
99年英语考研阅读翻译
在1999年的英语考研阅读部分,翻译题目要求考生将一段英文材料翻译成中文。
这种题型不仅考察了学生对英语原文的理解能力,还测试了他们将英文信息准确、流畅地转换成中文的能力。
翻译过程中,考生需要注意保持原文的意思,同时确保译文的语法正确、用词恰当。
首先,考生需要仔细阅读英文原文,理解其主旨和细节。
在翻译时,要特别注意文章的语境和作者的意图,确保翻译出来的中文能够忠实地反映原文的内容和风格。
此外,考生还需要注意中英文表达习惯的差异,避免直译,力求使译文自然、通顺。
在翻译过程中,考生可能会遇到一些专业术语或者难以理解的词汇。
这时,考生需要灵活运用上下文信息,结合自己的知识储备,尽可能准确地翻译这些词汇。
如果遇到实在无法确定的词汇,可以尝试用同义词或近义词来替代,但必须保证整体意思的准确传达。
除了词汇的准确翻译,考生还需要注意句子结构的调整。
中英文在句子结构上存在较大差异,因此在翻译时,考生需要根据中文的表达习惯,对英文句子进行适当的调整。
例如,英文中常见的被动句,在中文中可能需要转换为主动句;英文中的长句,在中文中可能需要拆分成几个短句来表达。
最后,考生在完成翻译后,应该再次检查译文,确保没有语法错误,用词准确,表达清晰。
同时,也要注意译文的连贯性和逻辑性,确保读者能够顺畅地理解全文的意思。
总的来说,1999年英语考研阅读翻译部分要求考生具备较高的语言理解和转换能力,同时也需要对中英文表达习惯有深入的了解。
通过不
断的练习和积累,考生可以提高自己的翻译水平,更好地应对考研英语的挑战。
Part FourWhen a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans , he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment- although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Prinoeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group--the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.NBAC will ask that Clinton ' s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended in- definitely , and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. " Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of fed-eral funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth)for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo' s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research. NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation , but in a phone interview, he said this is- sue was still "up in the air. "13. We can learn from the first paragraph that__[A]federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning[C]NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique[D]the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning14. The panel agreed on all of the following except that__[A]the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law[B]the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control[C]it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning[D]it would be against ethical values to clone a human being15 . NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because__[A]embryo research is just a current development of cloning[B]the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research[C]an embryo' s life will not be endangered in embryo research[D]the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law16. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__[A]some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely[B]a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC' s appeal[D]the issue of human cloning will soon be settledUnit 6(1999) Part 4重点词汇:1.startle(使吃惊)2.husbandry(n.耕作;饲养)看作husband+(d)ry,让丈夫(husband)⼝⼲⾆燥(dry)的事→耕作;饲养。
1999年考研英语三层递进攻克阅读理解Text 1核心词汇accident[5AksidEnt]n.意外遭遇,事故;意外(因素)(ac=ad表强调+cid+ent名词后缀→落到身上→偶发事件)anticipate[An5tisipeit]vt.预料;期望;预先考虑;抢先;提前使用(anti前+cip抓+ate动词后缀→先拿→预期)appropriate[E5prEuprieit]a.适当的,恰当的,特有的vt.拨给,挪用,盗用(ap加强+propri+ate动词或形容词后缀→强调拥有公物→挪用)bombard[5bCmbB:d]v.(炮轰,攻击)为象声词。
carry[5kAri]v.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带;刊登claim[kleim]v.要求;声称;索赔n.要求;断言;索赔;权利compensate[5kCmpenseit]v.(for)补偿,赔偿(com全部+pens+ate做动词后缀→支付全部的花费→赔偿);名词形式为compensation←com+pens+ation名词后缀defendant[di5fendEnt]n.辩护的;被告(defend(防卫;辩护)+ant后缀)disaster[di5za:stE]n.灾难; 灾祸; 灾害;彻底失败的人或事物(dis坏+ester星→星位不正,表示有灾难→灾难,灾祸)fault[fC:lt]n.过失,过错;缺点,毛病guideline[5gaidlain]n.指导方针,指导原则,准则,标准indifferent[in5difrEnt]a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的(in不+different不同→同与不同无所谓→冷漠的)interaction[intE5rAkFEn]n.相互作用;相互影响(interact+ion名词后缀→相互影响legal[5li:gl]a.法律的;法定的n.守法者(leg法律+al形容词后缀→法律的)manufacturer[mAnju5fAktFErE]n.制造商,生产商(manufactur(e)+er人)mention[5menFEn]v/n.提到,论及(ment+ion→有思考→想到,提到)misfortune[mis5fC:tFEn]n./a.不幸,灾祸,灾难(mis坏+fortune运气→坏运气)moderate[5mCdErit]a.有节制的,中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的(moder(=mod)+ate→做事有风度→适度的)objective[Cb5dVektiv]n.目标,目的a.客观的,真实的(object+ive形容词后缀→客观的)oblige[E5blaidV]v.强迫,迫使;责成;(使)感激,施恩于popularity[pCpju5lAriti]n.大众性;流行(popular流行+ity名词后缀)regulation[regju5leiFEn]n.规则,规章;调节,校准;调整(regulat+ion名词后缀);动词形式为regulate(调整;校准;管制)←regul+atestepladder[5step7lAdE]n.(一种通常在顶端有个小平台的活动梯子)←step台阶+ladder梯子tide[taid]n.潮,潮汐;潮流,趋势tort[tC:t]n.民事侵权行为triviality[trivi5Aliti]n.平凡,琐屑(tri三+vi路+al...的+ity名词后缀→三条路→没有一个具体目标→琐碎)warn[wC:n]vt.警告vi.发出警告(war小心,谨慎+n动词后缀→使人小心)难句分析难句1While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.[分析]在这个主从复合句中,前一个分句是由while引导的让步从句,这个从句由两个并列句组成,中间用and连接。
1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译P a r t I I C l o z eT e s t安全生产并不是偶然事件:事故发生率低的公司制定自己的安全计划,努力付诸实施,并且不断使之发挥持久效力㊂如果这项工作做得好,就会建立一个无事故的工作氛围㊂在这种环境里,因工伤损失的时间会被保持在最低限度㊂成功的安全计划强调的重点可能大不相同㊂有些计划强调机械防护㊂另一些强调通过遵守规章制度来实施安全作业㊂还有一些靠的是对工人的感情投人㊂但是,要获得最好的效果,每一个计划当中都会遵循某些基本的思想㊂安全计划的价值不容置疑㊂单从财政的角度来说,安全计划花钱值得㊂工伤索赔越少,工人的保险率也就越高㊂这可能就决定着工厂的运营是盈利还是亏损㊂P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m pr e h e n s i o n P a s s a ge 1外面的世界是危险的㊂出门时你可能在踏脚垫上滑倒摔断一条腿;点燃炉子你可能会烧毁自己的房屋㊂幸运的是,如果踏脚垫和火炉这两种产品没有给出危险警告,你可能会赢得一场官司从而获得赔偿㊂这种想法大约形成于20世纪80年代早期,从此法庭让越来越多的公司对消费者所遭受的不幸负责㊂面对这样的情况,公司做出的反应是撰写冗长的警告标签,以预先标明种种可能发生的事故㊂梯子上几英寸长的警告标签会告诉你 让人惊讶的是 你可能摔倒㊂印在儿童的 蝙蝠侠 披肩上的标识语也告诫说,本玩具 不可能让使用者飞翔㊂虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的,警告药物有相互作用的危险,并且许多都是各州和联邦政府的法规所要求的,但是不清楚的是,当消费者受到伤害时,它们是否能保护制造商和销售商免除责任㊂如果受到伤害的消费者将他们告上法庭,大约50%的公司会败诉㊂现在这种情况仿佛正在发生变化㊂个人受伤索赔的案子如从前一样开审,然而法庭开始站在被告一边,特别是在有警告标签也不能避免事故的情况下㊂今年5月,伊利诺斯州S c h u t t 体育用品公司总裁J u l i eN i mm o n s 就打赢了一场官司,案件涉及一个橄榄球运动员戴着S c h u t t 公司生产的头盔在比赛中受伤并导致了瘫痪㊂N i mm o n s 说对他的瘫痪我们深感遗憾,但头盔并不是用来避免这种事故的㊂ 陪审团也认为是这种运动的性质造成了球员受伤,而不是头盔㊂同时,美国法律学会 一个由法官㊁律师和研究人员组成的团体,他们的意见有一定的分量公布了有关民事侵权法的新准则,指出公司不必警告消费者注意显而易见的危险,也不必连篇累牍地一再提醒他们注意可能会发生的危险㊂ 重要的事项可能会被一些无关紧要的信息掩盖, 百度官方认证店铺:考研资料分享考研资料,助力考研成功!。