口译教程 - 经济篇

中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇（共5则）第一篇：中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇中高级口译词汇-经济与改革篇按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance按资排辈 to assign priority according to seniority城乡居民收入 income of urban and rural residents城镇化 urbanization城镇居民可支配收入 urban per capita disposable income保税区bounded zone奔小康 strive for relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia不良贷款 bad loans产品本土化 product localization产业不景气 industrial depression产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业格局 industrial pattern产业结构升级 upgrading of an industrial structure超负荷运转 overloaded operation承包责任制 the contract responsibility城市经济学 urban economics持续快速健康发展 sustained, rapid and sound development 充足的发展空间 ample room for development 重复生产 duplication of production 出口加工区 export processing zone出口商品和服务goods and services for export 储运storage and transport 传统产业 traditional industries传销pyramid sales;multi-level marketing 创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities 刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy大幅度跃升 rise by a big margin大开发 the large-scale development带动经济增长 spur economic growth独资公司 exclusively-funded venture翻两番 quadruple繁荣与稳定 prosperity and stability非公有制经济 non-public sectors of the economy风险资金 venture capital房地产 real estate首付 down-payment业主 home owner房产权威部门 housing authority住房贷款 housing loan房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate个人购房贷款 individual housing loan按揭 mortgage物业 property management房地产开发商 real estate developer未售出的存量房 stockpile of unsold houses房契、产权 title改革的力度 the momentum of reform改组、重组 restructure高新技术产业 high and new technology industries个人消费贷款 individual consumption loan个体、私营 self-employed or private enterprises更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system工业园区 industrial park公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system公投 referendum公有制经济 the public sector of the economy股份制 joint-stock system固定资产投资 investment in the fixed assets经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth 国际信托投资 international trust and investment国民经济 the national economy国民经济的支柱 pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉 the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构 layout and structure of the state sector 国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOE）国有企业改革和展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises合法经营 lawful business operations黑市 black market基础设施 infrastructure减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency节约的，经济的economical经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济结构战略strategic adjustment of the economic structure经济全球化 economic globalization经济特区 special economic zones（SEZ）经济文化交流 economic and cultural exchanges发经济效益好 good economic returns经济增长 economic growth经济总量 economic aggregate可持续发展 sustainable development跨越式发展 leapfrog development扩大内需 expand domestic demand拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth性调整劳动力 labor劳务输出 export of labor services两岸经济合作 cross-straits economic cooperation民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距 the north-south gap农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊 income disparity贫困地区 impoverished areas贫困人口 impoverished people瓶颈制约 bottleneck restrictions取得领先地位 assume leadership取缔非法收入 outlaw illegal gains人民币非常坚挺 the RMB is very strong/ firm三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China社会经济稳定 social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后 the backwardness of social production社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform生活富裕 an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序 the order of the market economy市政工程 municipal works;public works试点工程、试点项目 pilot project收入悬殊 excessive disparity in income私营部分 private sector私营企业 private enterprise财产税 property tax保护关税 protective duty/tariff岁入税；关税收入revenue tax商业银行 commercial banks建设银行 construction bank工商银行 industrial & commercial bank中国银行 bank of China农业银行 agricultural bank交通银行bank of communications招商银行 merchants bank税收taxation农业税 agricultural tax保税区 bonded area消费税 consumption tax个人所得税 personal income tax营业税 sales tax 关税 tariff逃税、漏税 tax evasion 免税期 tax holiday 纳税人 tax payer 税收政策 tax policy 税收减除 tax relief脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption 投资 investment 投资地点investment destination 投资环境investment environment投资机构investment institutions投资热investment fever投资者investor投资政策investment policy外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises;foreign-funded company 完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy温饱 having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价 stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy外汇 foreign exchange外汇储备 reign exchange reserves外汇管理局 SAFE（State Administration of Foreign Exchange）外汇管制 foreign exchange control外汇汇率 foreign exchange rate外商直接投资 direct foreign investment西部地区China’s western region西部大发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权日International Day for Consumers’ Rights and Interests国际交流和合作international exchanges and cooperation新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demand亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structure开益行招商inviting tenders;leasing振兴装备制造业revival of the equipment manufacturing industry资源消耗低low resources consumption政府资助项目government-sponsored programs质检QC（quality check）中部地区the central region中长期国外投资medium-and long-term foreign investment 中国出口商品交易会（广会）China Export Commodities Fair （Guangzhou Fair）中国加入世贸组织China’s entry into the WTO中国购物中心论坛 China Shopping Center Forum中国电信 China Telecom中国联通 China Unicom中国移动 China Mobile中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group中央银行 the Central Bank / PBOC专卖店 exclusive agency;franchised store资源优化配置 optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one’s own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone交自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目 key project国家重点工程national key projects南水北调 South-to-North water diversion西电东送 West-East electricity transmission project西气东输 West-East natural gas transmission project第二篇：经济与改革口译词汇I Terms 计划/市场经济体制社会福利与保障体系 social welfare and security system 2 转变政府职能the transformation of the government functions 分工协作 division of responsibility 政府包揽的工作 work undertaken by government 宏观/微观经济macro/micro-economy 4 借鉴refer to and study 丰硕成果abundant accomplishment 系统工程systematic engineering project greenhouse effect 温室效应drug –trafficking counterproductive 反作用 public utilities 公共事业 redistribution 重新分配 command based economy 指令性经济 transparency 透明度seek truth from facts ingenuity 奋斗精神sweeping transformation 势不可挡的变革grandeur 辉煌10不健全的体制flawed system 新兴工业国 newly industrialized nations 11十分重视 attach great importance to 精神财富 the spiritual legacy12顺应时代的潮流 keep up with the trend of the times 国情national conditions 13精神动力 spiritual motivation14正视遇到的困难和障碍look squarely into the difficulties and obstacles 沧海巨变 profound changes 金融秩序认真对待，切实解决be addressed seriously and resolved effectively 16 it is imperative to 日益密切的全球经济 the closely intertwined global economy 正常运行normal functions 全国人大NPC 18 全国政协CPPCC 中共中央 CPCCC19独立选举单位independent constituency 民主法制建设democratic and legal construction20民主监督 democratic supervision 参政议政 participation in and discussion on politics 21宗教信仰religious belief 人权状况human rights situation 22普遍原则 universal Principle 全球人权事业global human rights cause23生产力实现四个现代化24摆脱殖民枷锁shake off the yoke of colonialism 审视处理view and handle 25 财政收入revenue 科技成果转化the transformation of S&T advances 财税 fiscal taxation 生产、流通和消费producing, circulation and consumption 国际多边舞台the global multilateral arena 招标bid 28 出口加工区export processing zone 对外承包工程 overseas contracted projects 市场多元化 market diversification 以市场为导向 market-oriented 30 国有企业stated-owned enterprise 个体企业self-employed enterprise31私营企业 private enterprise 合资企业 joint venture独资企业solely foreign-funded enterprise 有限公司corporation ltd.33 精神文明建设the progress of spiritual civilization/ cultural and ethical civilization实施西部大开发战略the strategy of great development of China’s western regions统筹规划、分步实施a comprehensive plan carried out in a step-by-step manner 36 政治体制改革 political restructuring 优化经济结构 to optimize economic structure实行积极的财政和货币政策to carry out proactive fiscal and monetary policy 38 转变政府职能to shift the functions of the government自由职业者 freelancer 再就业工程 reemployment project 40 扩大内需to expand domestic demand 提高经济效益to better economic performance持续/可持续发展 sustained/sustainable development 42 素质/应试教育 exam-oriented/ test-oriented educationmarket capitalization 总市值stock exchange 股票交易所44 Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院 the Royal Society 英国皇家学会 45 metropolis/ cosmopolitan city/ conurbation 大都市per capita 人均 purchasing power 购买力double/ triple/treble/ quadruple/quintuple 蒸蒸日上 prosperand progress 48 切实take concrete steps/ measures 千家万户every household 49 努力 spare no efforts to, make great efforts to, strive to, work hard to, endeavor to上市公司listed/ public company 注册资金registered funds/capital 51 联合开发 joint development 技术转让 technology transfer 52 项目预算 project budget 投标 making a bid 53 中介服务机构 intermediary services 免税期 tax holiday可行性研究feasibility study 拉动经济发展to promote economic development转口贸易transit trade 股份合作制joint share/stock-holding partnership防范金融风险prevent financial risks 国有控股企业state holding enterprise劳动/技术/资金/知识密集型企业 labor-intensive industrythe primary industry/ the second industry/the service sector, i e the tertiary industry遏制通货紧缩/膨胀controlling/ quelling/ checking deflation/inflation 60 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 自由贸易区 FTZ 61 兼并 merger 破产 bankruptcy改革试点trial/ pilot reform 社区服务功能the functions of community service扭亏为盈reduction of loss and increase of profits 三讲the Three Emphasis培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas “三个代表” the Three Represents刺激经济增长 to stimulate economic growth 宏观调控 macro-control and regulatory养老、失业、医疗保险金 old-age, unemployment and medical insurance premiums 67 下岗工人laid-off workers 中心环节key link 68 廉政建设 to build a clean and honest government 创汇产品 hard-cash earning exports监事会 board of supervisors 竞争有序 orderly competition富余员工 redundant workers 代理制 proxy system 71 初步建立现代企业制度implementing a preliminary modern enterprise system 72不可逆转的历史潮流 irreversible historical trend 自我封闭self-seclusion 73 回应我们庄重呼吁respond to our solemn appeal 自力更生 self-reliance 74 风险资本 venture capital 新兴技术budding tech外商直接投资direct foreign investment 新兴市场emerging market 76 经济特区SEZ 新兴工业化国家newly-developed industrialized countries外向型企业 export-oriented enterprise 抓住机遇 to seize the current opportunity高新技术开发区 high and new technology development zone 公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system 80 实施科教兴国战略to implement the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 社会事业 social undertakings发展是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle.82 退耕还林returning cultivated land to forests 主体地位dominant position 83 封山绿化 closing off hillsides to facilitate afforestation 84 volatility 易变性 grandiosity 宏伟undulating moods 起伏的情绪 contrarian position 截然不同的立场 86 全面/更加对外开放生态建设 ecological conservation 87 欣欣向荣 move rapidly to prosperity 预期效果 expected results 齐心协力to work in unison 健康发展sound/healthy development 89 收入分配制度 income distribution system 约束机制 restraint mechanisms 90 公有/私有制 public/private ownership 大中型企业 large and medium-sized enterprises率先实现现代化 take the lead to achieve modernization精干的研究者 top-notch researchers 开拓更多的海外市场 open up more markets abroad 93 配额管理quota management equitable 公正合理的commerce, banking, insurance, securities, telecom, commerce, tourism, real estateclosed its door to the outside world 闭关锁国 stagnation 停滞96 处在技术复兴运动的前列on the cusp of a technological renaissance 97 affiliated to 附属于 prestigious 久负盛名的medical equipment manufacturer 医疗器械设备制造厂有中国特色的社会主义 99 集中研究 pool research efforts on impetuosity 急躁bulletin board 电子布告栏 hallucination 幻觉 101 筹资 to raise money 普通老百姓 the general publicbull/bear market stockbroker 经纪人stock dealer 股票交易商股票交易系统 stock trading systemstock index 股指 bear/bull marketthe New York Stock Exchange 纽约股票交易所shareholders’ meetings 106 the Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业指数BMW 宝马 107 the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数Mercedes 奔驰从国情出发proceed from national situation 行之有效的effective 109 履行国际义务 to fulfill its international obligation 大规模 on a large scale污染防治pollution prevention and treatment 国土控管territorial controlcomprehensively work on 综合整治植被 vegetation行为准则 code of conduct 一如既往地 consistently 113 任重而道远 an enduring and overwhelming task 转轨 changing 114 产业结构调整industrial readjustment 拜金主义money worship and obsession传统美德 traditional virtues 都市化 urbanization 116 出路 way out 孕育 entails/give birth to 117 冲击 to exert a negative impact on 人口老龄化 the aging of the population学术报告 presentation 奉献 dedication to 119 发展不平衡 the imbalance of development 推广popularize 120 街道委员会residential district committee 切合时宜 timely蓬勃发展 progress in a vigorous manner 十五计划 the T enth Five-Year Plan里弄居民委员会neighborhood 民政部Ministry of Civil Administration2010年远景目标 The Long Range Objectives for the Year 2010 眼前收益 immediate yielda paragon of management virtue 管理功效的典范 stodgy平庸的distill a lesson 吸取教训 paramount 最高的unethical manners 不道德手段 too much leeway 过度宽容 127 三通 establish the direct links of postal, air and shipping services and trade across the Taiwan Straithands-off management 放任自流的管理资本增殖capital appreciationin a nutshell 总的说来 opt for 选择 equities 股票以民族大义为重 take into consideration of the overall interest of the Chinese nationcorporate bonds 公司债券 the repayment of the loan in full at maturity 倒是能收回接触资金credit rating agency 信誉评级机构 assign ratings to 签发债券等级liquidity 资产流动性 liquidate 清算commercial exploitation 商业盘剥的目的 dainty shoes 轻巧的皮鞋 135 hem-line 服饰折边 monopoly 垄断 reverent 庄严的136intelligentsia 知识界跨地区，跨行业，跨所有制cross-regional, cross-trade and cross-ownershipeloquence of diction 雄辩的辞令 compassion 同情attribute to 归功于多钟联动环节 multiple linkagesintegrative talents 综合才能 utmost importance 头等重要 140 市场动力 market dynamics innovation 更新retail/whole-sale price 零售价/批发价畜牧 animal husbandry 142 aquaculture 水产养殖业经济增长点points for economic growth乡镇企业 township enterprises power-generating capacity 发电量高速公路 expressway 光缆 optical cable财政支出financial expenditures 外汇储备foreign currency reserve可支配收入disposable income 人口自然增长率natural population growth ratecurrency supply 货币供应量 convertible 可自由兑换的 148 拉开帷幕 be formally staged basic framework 基本框架 149 机构臃肿bloated size of the government institutions 官僚主义 bureaucracy 150 文牍主义 red tape 贪污腐败 bred and corruption 151 不正之风unhealthy practices the allocation of resources 资源分配152 公务员 public servants contingent of administers 行政管理干部队伍153 忠实履行职责 faithfully perform their official duties 勤政廉政 industrious and honest154 incompatibilities with 与…相矛盾骨干企业 key enterprises 155 抓大放小 manage large enterprises well while relaxing control over small ones 156 公有制public/private ownership 配套改革supportive reforms 157 改组改造 reorganizing and upgrading 售后服务after-sale service 158 市场营销marketing 调整产业结构readjust product mix159 自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses 和平统一160 公司制corporative enterprise 政企分开separate government functions from enterprise management 161 股份合作制stock cooperative system 权责分明to delineate the rights and responsibilities162 不可分割的神圣领土inalienable sacred territory 同胞compatriots 163 分裂活动splittist activities 国家统一national reunification第三篇：中高级口译最新高频词汇沪江网·新东方2008英语口译全国网络大会中高级口译最新高频词汇汇编:（０７、３）（上海新东方口译教研组专用）历年口译考试都有大量特色词汇出现，而且呈现较高的重现率，新东方发现了这一现象，从而对历年口译笔试中高频词汇作了总结汇总如下，希望对参加０７年３月笔试的考生的备考有所帮助！Allocate 分配 Arise出现 Attach 赋予粘上Characterize 以。

(一)第一产业（农业）agriculture (primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第三产业（服务业）service industry (tertiary industry)主要经济指标major economic indicators国内生产总值GDP gross domestic product （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）答案：不景气slump （衰退recession）二板市场the second board market中国创业板China Growth Enterprise Market首次上市IPOs (initial public offering)市场资本总额market capitalization法人股institutional shares内部股（非上市招股）private company shares牛市bull market法律风险legal risk风险管理risk management附坚持严格的贷款标准maintain strong underwriting standards六大风险risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险credit risk供给学派supply-side economist按不变价格计算calculate at constant price答案人均国内生产总值GDP per capita宏观经济macro economy互助基金mutual fund扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption长期国债long-term treasury bonds支付国债利息to service treasury bonds财政赤字和债务deficits and the national debt按原口径计算calculate on the base line抵押贷款collateralised loans住房抵押贷款residential mortgage loan货币主义者monetarist计划经济planned economy指令性计划mandatory plan答案按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price列入财政预算支出listed in the fiscal budget结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account开办人民币业务engage in Renminbi (RMB) business出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods保证金台帐制度Deposit account system for processing trade分期付款pay by installment保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings招商银行China Merchants Bank技术密集型technology intensive大规模生产mass production经济林cash tree跟踪审计follow-up auditing答案流动性风险liquidity risk操作风险operational risk内部审计internal audit抛售bear sales配套政策supporting policies中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行4 major state-owned commercial banks中国银行Bank of china中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China中国建设银行Construction Bank of China中国农业银生活费用income available for living expenses片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy通货膨胀inflation答案疲软股票soft stock配股allotment of shares实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per annum投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value经济规律laws of economics消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)零售价格指数retail price index （RPI）生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost行Agricultural Bank of China issuer 发行人issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行Joint Account 联合账户joint venture bank 合资银行journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐junk bond 立即债券land bank 土地银行Last Trading Day 最后交易日letter of credit 信用证Liquidation 清仓答案industrial and commercial bank 工商银行industrial bank 实业银行information disclosure 信息披露insider trading/dealing 内幕交易Insider 内幕人Institution 机构投资者institutional investor 机构投资者intermediary 中介机构international balance of payment 国际收支international monetary system 国际货币制度investment bank 投资银行。

第7讲实战口译笔记示范(经济专题-1)重点内容本次实战口译笔记示范的重点内容是经济专题的第一部分。

以下是一些关键要点：1. 宏观经济指标：在经济领域，宏观经济指标是评估一个国家经济发展状况的重要指标，包括国内生产总值（GDP）、劳动力市场、通货膨胀率等。

宏观经济指标：在经济领域，宏观经济指标是评估一个国家经济发展状况的重要指标，包括国内生产总值（GDP）、劳动力市场、通货膨胀率等。

2. 经济增长：经济增长是衡量一个国家经济健康程度的指标，通常使用年度GDP增长率来表示。

经济增长的推动因素包括投资、消费、出口等。

经济增长：经济增长是衡量一个国家经济健康程度的指标，通常使用年度GDP增长率来表示。

经济增长的推动因素包括投资、消费、出口等。

3. 国际贸易：国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。

全球化促进了国际贸易的增长，但也带来了一些贸易争端和保护主义倾向。

国际贸易：国际贸易是指不同国家之间的商品和服务交换活动。

全球化促进了国际贸易的增长，但也带来了一些贸易争端和保护主义倾向。

4. 货币政策：货币政策是中央银行调节货币供应量和利率以实现经济政策目标的手段。

货币政策的变化对经济有着重要影响，包括通胀、利率、汇率等方面。

货币政策：货币政策是中央银行调节货币供应量和利率以实现经济政策目标的手段。

货币政策的变化对经济有着重要影响，包括通胀、利率、汇率等方面。

示例以下是一个关于经济增长的实战口译示范：来源：国际经济研究机构报告根据最新发布的数据，我国今年第一季度的GDP增长率达到了5.3%，这显示出我国经济依然保持了相对稳定的增长态势。

此次增长主要得益于投资的增加以及消费的回暖。

然而，也需要注意到我国经济增长面临的一些挑战。

贸易争端和全球经济放缓对我国出口市场造成了一定冲击，这可能对未来的经济增长带来一定的不确定性。

面对这些挑战，我国政府正在加大结构性改革的力度，以推动经济转型和可持续发展。

同时，我们也需要继续关注国际经济形势的变化，调整和优化我们的货币政策，以应对不确定性和风险。

TEXTPASSAGE ONE汉译英：1．中美自 1972 年建交以来，两国的经贸关系克服了重重困难，逾越了重重障碍，在两国企业家和金融家的努力下，取得了长足的进步。

Since the establishment of Sino-US diplomatic relations in 1972, economic and trade relations between the two countries have overcome numerous difficulties and obstacles and have made great headway as a result of the invested efforts on the part of the entrepreneurs and financiers of both countries.2．美国最大的 500 家公司中已有 50 多家在中国投资。

Over 50 of 500 largest American companies have invested in China.3．美国投资项目大多规模大，技术先进，经济回报率高。

Most of American investment projects in China are large in scale and advanced in technology, and have provided excellent economic returns.4．中美在投资方面的合作有一个对两国极为有利的坚实基础和广阔前景。

Sino-US investment cooperation has a solid foundation and broad prospects, which will benefit both countries immensely.5．美国有充足的资本和强大的技术力量。

CHAPTER 2 REFORM & ECONOMY经济与改革SECTION Ⅰ：英译中Aa prudent monetary policy 稳健的货币政策absolute advantage绝对优势accounting会计学、账目清算、财会accountant会计accounting fraud作假帐accounting scandal财务丑闻financial statement财务报表keep the public informed of the financial affairs财务公开acquire购置、获取、购买、取得所有权acquisition of assets购置资产active balance (passive balance; unfavorable balance) 顺差(逆差) aggregate demand 总需求aggregate supply 总供给allocation of financial resources金融资源配置ample supply 供应充裕an average annual increase/ annual return年均利润anti-dumping measures 反倾销措施areas for the market access市场准入领域asset资产associate company （subsidiary/affiliate）联营公司autarky 自给自足、经济独立authorization bill授权书Bbad loans不良贷款banking银行业bankruptcy protection破产保护boom迅速发展brand names品牌budget预算budget deficit预算赤字budget surplus预算盈余budgetary items预算项目business cycle商业周期business fraud商业欺诈business mechanism创业机制business prototype商业原型、商业模型Ccapital 资本、资金、资产capital flow资金流量cash bonuses现金奖励cash flow 现金流量cashier's cheque 本票certificated public accountant（CPA）注册会计师commerce clause 商业条款commercialization 商品化commodity商品common law习惯法、不成文法company公司corporate （股份有限）公司、企业conglomerate集团企业、跨行业大企业firm公司，尤指合股合伙公司enterprise企业、公司、事业business 工商企业、商务业务establishment公司、企业、商业机构house 商业机构、出版公司outfit 企业、商业组织venture企业comparative advantage相对优势competition and comparison竞争比较competition mechanism竞争机制competition竞争contract 合同consumers’ association消费者协会consumer confidence消费者信心consumer expectations消费预期conventional industries传统产业core competitiveness核心竞争力cost 成本cost-effectiveness成本效应cutting edge优势Ddealer（jobber, broker）经销商(股票经纪人) deflation（inflation）通货紧缩（通货膨胀）deposit定金、保证金deprecation（appreciation）贬值（增值）depression萧条、经济不景气的一段时间devaluate 贬值discount rate贴现率distribution 流通分配diversification of investment投资多元化double, triple, quadruple两倍、三倍、四倍Eeconomic globalization 经济全球化economic growth经济增长economic leverage经济杠杆作用economic regulation经济调节economic returns经济回报、经济效应economics经济学economic ills经济弊病effective Corp. management有效的公司管理“loose and tight” management张弛有度的管理PR （the public relation）公关risk management风险管理transparency management透明管理the two-tier management system双层管理体制top-down management自上而下的管理模式make one’s own management decisions自主经营managerial and technical staff管理技术人员managerial expertise管理知识elasticity弹性、可塑性、灵活度electronic dealing电子交易electronic business (E-business) 电子商务elite精英emerging market新兴市场employment insurance(EI) 就业保险金(旧称UI—umemployment insurance，失业保险) annexation and reorganization of enterprises企业兼并重组corporate/ entrepreneurial culture企业文化corporate/ enterprise image企业形象cross-national corporation跨国公司enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit创业精神entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家身份foreign capital enterprise外资企业foreign invested venture外资企业individual initiative个人主动性initial capital 启动资金listing of a company 企业上市multinational corporation跨国公司team spirit团队精神transformation转型transnational corporation跨国公司registered capital注册资本overseas funded enterprises外资企业Ffair competition公平竞争federation 联邦financial fraud金融欺诈financial crisis金融危机financial market金融市场bullion market金银买卖市场cash market现金市场debt market债务市场discount market贴现市场equity market股本市场foreign exchange and derivatives market外汇及衍生产品市场foreign exchange market外汇市场global financial system全球金融体系insurance market保险市场securities market证券市场fiscal 财政的fiscal and monetary levers财经和货币杠杆fiscal budget财政预算fiscal policy财经政策、财务方针fiscal year 财政年度fiscal lever财政杠杆fiscal levy财政税收financial deficit财政赤字fiscal revenue财政收入national revenue财政收入fixed assets固定资产fund/capital/venture capital 资金；资本；风险资金future market 期货市场Ggenerate profit创利GNP at factor cost按成本要素计算的国内生产总值go public上市go under倒闭government spending政府开支grey income灰色收入Great Depression 大萧条Gross domestic product 国内生产总值Gross national product 国民生产总值Hhead-hunter 猎头公司hedge(against)保护、防御手段hedge fund对冲基金high return高收益、高回报holiday economy假日经济human capital 人力资本hyper-inflation恶性通货膨胀Iimmediate yield直接回报incentive动力industry工业、产业、行业advertising industry广告业aerospace industry 航空和航天工业aircraft industry飞机制造工业basic industry基础工业、重工业book industry图书出版业brewing industry啤酒酿造工业、酿制工业capital-and-technology-intensive industries资金技术密集型产业car industry汽车制造工业electronic industry电子工业entertainment industry娱乐业equipment manufacturing industry装备制造业heavy industry重工业information industry信息产业knowledge-intensive industry知识密集性产业light industry轻工业lottery industry博彩业manufacturing industry制造业monopoly industries垄断行业rubber industry橡胶工业secondary industry第二产业service industry developing in all areas 服务业全面发展textile industry纺织行业tertiary industry第三产业tourist industry旅游业industrialization 工业化infrastructure基础设施interest cut降息interest group利益集团interest rate 利率international competitiveness 国际竞争力international settlement国际结算Jjoint effort共同努力joint venture合资企业joint-stock system股份制KKeynes 凯恩斯Keynesian theory凯恩斯经济理论Llabor 劳动力labor-intensive industries劳动密集型产业late charge 滞纳金leasing 出租业务legal person法人legitimacy合理性、合法性legitimate rights and interests正当权益liability of fault过失责任limited liability corporation有限责任公司listed companies上市公司logistics物流MM&A(merger&acquisition); macroeconomic control 宏观调控Macroeconomics宏观经济学make ends meet收支平衡、日子过得去marginal return边际报酬market市场market diversification市场多元化market economy市场经济market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market saturation市场饱和market share市场占有率、市场份额market supervision 市场监管marketization市场化market-oriented employment mechanisms市场导向的就业机制mass production批量生产mechanism机制merger合并merger and bankruptcy兼并破产merit价值microeconomics微观经济学modern market economy现代市场经济monetary货币的European monetary integration欧洲货币一体化convertible currency可兑换货币monetary lever货币杠杆monetary policy 货币政策monetization货币化withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼monopoly垄断multi-functionality多功能性multi-lateral trade negotiation多边贸易谈判Oold-age pension养老保险制度oligarchy寡头政治、寡头政治的执政团oligopoly求过于供的市场情况on-the-job training 岗位培训opportunity cost机会成本optimize优化overheating过热Pparagon模范、典范patent专利patent grant专利许可patent law专利法规pension退休金、养老金per capita GDP人均国内生产总值per capita income 人均收入performance业绩plunge; dip; down （价格）猛跌；小跌；下跌portfolio一组投资positioning定位potential market潜在市场practical productive forces现实生产力primary productive forces第一生产力printing and packaging business 包装印刷业private enterprise私营企业private property私人财产private sector私营部分privatization私有化produce农产品productivity生产力profit利润promotion促销propaganda宣传proprietary intellectual property rights自主知识产权protectionism（贸易）保护主义public sector公共部门public services公共服务purchasing power购买力Q（QC）quality check 质检Rraffle 抽奖售货real economy实体经济recession 衰退、不景气regime政权、机制rent 租金regional protectionism地方保护主义resources资源restructure改组、重组retail gap零售空间Ssaturation; be saturated n./ adj. 饱和sales volume n. 销售额satellite town n. 卫星城savings n. 储蓄scale operation n. 规模经营scarcity n. 缺乏securities n. 证券stock , bond, securities 股票，债券，证券securities, options and futures 证券、期权及期货A share A股B share B 股bear market 熊市bull market 牛市China's Securities Regulatory Commission （CSRC）中国证监会joint stock company 参股公司long -term government bonds 长期国债long- term treasury bonds for construction 长期建设国债rally 反弹，股市价格和成交额在下跌后显着的上升the Dow Jones Industrial A verage 道琼斯工业指数the NASDAQ Composite Index 纳斯达克综合指数the Nikkei A verage 日京指数S& P（Standard and Poors）标准普尔指数London SE（Stock Exchange）伦敦证券交易所New Y ork SE纽约证券交易所Shanghai SE 上海证券交易所Shenzhen SE 深圳证券交易所seeking financing by listing on the stock market 上市融资securities investment 证券投资state stock reduction; reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持state-held shares 国有股stock index 股票指数stock option 股票期权treasury bonds （T-bonds）国库券The Securities and Futures Ordinance （SFO）证券及期货条例separation of powers n. 权利分离SEC （Securities and Exchange Commission）（美）证券交易委员会slump n./v. （经济）衰退，滑坡soar / surge / climb n./v. （价格）上涨SOHO （Small Office ; Home Office）soho一族（小型办公室和家庭办公室）solvency n. 偿付能力sources of investment n. 投资主体speculative adj. 投机性的start / build… from scratch v. 从零开始；白手起家storage and transport n. 储运strategic planning n. 战略部署，战略计划strong （currency）adj. （货币）坚挺strong demand n. 需求强劲subsidy n. 补助金，津贴sunrise industry n. 朝阳产业sunset industry n. 夕阳产业supply side economics n. 供方经济学T24 -hour service n.全天候服务tangible benefits n.实惠technology-intensive product n. 技术密集产品tender-invitation n.招商the distribution （allocation）of resources n.资源配置the economic structure n.经济结构the industrial structure n.产业结构the macro-control system n.宏观调控体系the market system n.市场体系the open economy n.开放型经济the order of the market economy n.市场经济秩序the potentially largest market潜在的最大市场the world trade organization (WTO) 世贸组织trade n./v.贸易ASEAN （Association of South-East Asian Nations）东南亚国家联盟ASEAN Free Trade Area 东盟自由贸易区EU （European Union）欧盟chamber of import and export trade 进出口商会dairy product 奶制品durable consumer goods, consumer durables 耐用消费品FMCG （fast-moving consumer goods）快速消费品grassland farming 牧业horticultural product 园艺品ice-free harbor 不冻港L/C （letter of credit）信用证lamb 羊羔milk powder奶粉mutton 羊肉produce 农产品protectionism 保护主义quotation of prices 报价单retail market 零售市场single-product export country 单一产品出口国steel 钢铁the most competitive products 拳头产品timber 木材timber product 木器trade balance 贸易平衡trade bloc 贸易集团（如：欧盟）trade conflicts 贸易冲突trade in commodities and services 商品和服务贸易trade monopolies and regional blockades 行业垄断和地区封锁trade sanction 贸易制裁trade deficit （surplus）贸易逆差/ 顺差trade volume 贸易额wholesale market 批发市场wool export 羊毛出口traditional industries n. 传统产业transaction n. 交易triple n./v./adj. 增长两倍turnover n.销售额TV shots n.电视广告Uunemployment insurance失业保险unemployment rate失业率urban economics城市经济学utility设施Vventure capital风险资金veto 否决vicious circle恶性循环Virtual Economy虚拟经济virtuous circle良性循环Wwelfare state福利国家work force职工总数、劳动力world multi-polarization世界多极化SECTION Ⅱ：中译英按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance按资排辈to assign priority according to seniority保税区bonded zone奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life博鳌亚洲论坛Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)不良贷款bad loans产品本土化product localization产业不景气industrial depression产业的升级换代upgrading of industries产业格局industrial pattern产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure超负荷运转overloaded operation承包责任制the contract-responsibility城市经济学urban economics城乡居民收入income of urban and rural residents城镇化urbanization城镇居民可支配收入urban per capita disposable income持续快速健康发展sustained, rapid and sound development充足的发展空间ample room for development重复生产duplication of production出口加工区export processing zone出口商品和服务goods and services for export储运storage and transport传统产业traditional industries传销pyramid sales; multi-level marketing创业机制business mechanism刺激经济活动stimulate economic activities刺激有效需求stimulate effective demand促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy 大幅度跃升rise by a big margin大开发the large-scale development带动经济增长spur economic growth独资公司exclusively-funded venture翻两番quadruple繁荣与稳定prosperity and stability非公有制经济the non-public sectors of the economy风险资金venture capital房地产real estate首付down-payment业主home owner房产权威部门housing authority住房贷款housing loan房屋空置率housing vacancy rate个人购房贷款individual housing loan按揭mortgage物业property management房地产开发商real estate developer未售出的存量房stockpile of unsold houses房契、产权title改革的力度the momentum of reform改组、重组restructure高新技术产业high and new technology industries个人消费贷款individual consumption loan个体、私营self-employed or private enterprises更具活力更加开放的经济体系 a more open and viable economic system工业园区industrial park公司法人责任制the corporate legal person responsibility system公投referendum公有制经济the public sector of the economy股份制joint-stock system固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets国际信托投资international trust and investment国民经济the national economy国民经济的支柱pillar of the national economy国民经济命脉the lifeline of the national economy国有经济的布局和结构layout and structure of the state sector国有企业state-owned enterprises （SOE）国有企业改革和发展the reform and development of state-owned enterprises 合法经营lawful business operations黑市black market基础设施infrastructure减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency节约的，经济的economical经济弊病economic ills经济带economic belts经济发展的良好势头a good momentum of economic growth经济杠杆作用economic leverage经济结构战略性调整strategic adjustment of the economic structure经济全球化economic globalization经济特区special economic zones（SEZ）经济文化交流economic and cultural exchanges经济效益好good economic returns经济增长economic growth经济总量economic aggregate可持续发展sustainable development跨越式发展leapfrog development扩大内需expand domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth劳动力labor劳务输出export of labor services两岸经济合作cross-straits economic cooperation民营科技企业non-public scientific and technological enterprises南北差距the north-south gap农村富余劳动力surplus rural labor农业的市场竞争力competitiveness of agriculture in the market泡沫经济bubble economy贫富悬殊income disparity贫困地区impoverished areas贫困人口impoverished people瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictions取得领先地位assume leadership取缔非法收入outlaw illegal gains人民币非常坚挺the RMB is very strong/ firm三资企业（中外合资企业、中外合作企业、外商独资企业）Sino-foreign joint ventures, cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises in China社会经济稳定social and economic stability社会就业比较充分a higher rate of employment社会生产落后the backwardness of social production社会主义市场经济socialist market economy社会主义现代化建设socialist modernization深化国有企业改革to deepen SOE（state-owned enterprises）reform生活富裕an affluent life世界经济波动world economic fluctuations市场经济秩序the order of the market economy市政工程municipal works; public works试点工程、试点项目pilot project收入悬殊excessive disparity in income私营部分private sector私营企业private enterprise商业银行commercial banks建设银行Construction Bank工商银行Industrial & Commercial Bank中国银行Bank of China农业银行Agricultural Bank交通银行Bank of Communications招商银行Merchants Bank农业税agricultural tax保税区bonded area消费税consumption tax个人所得税personal income tax财产税property tax保护关税protective duty/tariff岁入税；关税收入revenue tax营业税sales tax关税tariff逃税、漏税tax evasion免税期tax holiday纳税人tax payer税收政策tax policy税收减除tax relief脱贫致富shake off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity拓宽消费领域expand the scope of consumption投资investment投资地点investment destination投资环境investment environment投资机构investment institutions投资热investment fever投资者investor投资政策investment policyW外商直接投资foreign direct investment外向型经济outward-looking economy外资企业overseas-funded enterprises; foreign-funded company完善的社会主义市场经济体制full-fledged socialist market economy温饱having only adequate food and clothing稳定物价stabilize prices稳健的货币政策the sound monetary policy外汇foreign exchange外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇管制foreign exchange control外汇汇率foreign exchange rateX西部地区China's western region西部大开发the large-scale development of China’s western region下岗失业人员再就业reemploy laid-off workers消费需求的不足insufficient consumer spending消费者权益日International Day for Consumers' Rights and Interests新的经济增长点new growth areas in the economy需求疲软weak demandY亚洲金融危机the Asian financial crisis衣食住用行food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities优化消费结构optimize the consumption structureZ招商inviting tenders; leasing政府资助项目government-sponsored programs质检QC （quality check）中部地区the central region中长期国外投资medium- and long-term foreign investment中国出口商品交易会（广交会）China Export Commodities Fair （Guangzhou Fair）中国加入世贸组织China's entry into the WTO中国电信China Telecom中国联通China Unicom中国移动China Mobile中信（中国国际信托投资公司）Citic group中央银行the Central Bank / PBOC专卖店exclusive agency; franchised store资源消耗低low resources consumption资源优化配置optimize resource allocation自负盈亏responsible for one's own profits and losses自给自足autarky自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free trade zone自由职业人员free-lance professionals重点项目key project国家重点工程national key projects南水北调South-to-North water diversion西电东送West-East electricity transmission project西气东输West-East natural gas transmission project。