口译基础教程对话练习答案 仲伟合

第一“Colorful Yunnan” International Forum on Biodiversity ConservationWelcoming address delivered by Mr. Gu ZhaoxiVice Governor of the People’s Government of Yunnan ProvinceOct.17, 2007H.E. Deputy-Minister Li Ganjie, dear guests, ladies and gentlemen, Good morning!Today, the “Colorful Yunnan” International Forum on Biodiversity Conservation, co-sponsored by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China and the People’s Government of Yunnan Province, with great assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Commission, and German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), is formally commenced. It’s a pleasure for me, on behalf of People’s Government of Yunnan Province, to extend a warm welcome to all guests present here today.Yunnan is located at the southwest frontier of China, sharing 4,060km long border with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos. 45 million people from 26 nationalities, such as Han, Yi, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Miao, are living on this land of 394,000km2. Owing to complicated and unique landform and various climate types, Yunnan has nearly all types of terrestrial ecosystems in China, and is one of the places enjoying the richest biodiversity. Presently, there are 192 nature reserves already set up in Yunnan, the protected area accounts for 8.5% of the total land area. Two national nature reserves, Xishuangbanna and Gaoligong Mountain, have been listed in the Man and Biosphere Reverses Network by UNESCO. 4 national and provincial nature reserves have been listed in the Wetlands of International Importance, namely Dashanbao of Zhaotong City, Napa Lake and Bita Lake of Shangrila County, Lashi Lake of Lijiang City. The Three-paralleled Rivers in northwest of Yunnan and Stone Forest have been listed as World Natural Heritages. More than 10 botanical gardens and arboretums, and 10 more wildlife domestication and reproduction centers and rescue houses have been built up to conserve wildlife. Conservation on embryo, soma, germ cell and germ plasm of animals and plants has contributed to world biodiversity conservation.In order to achieve sound and sustainable economic development and social progress in Yunnan, the “Initiative to Protect Colorful Yunnan” has been launched and implemented in an all-round way in the province, for the purpose of promoting a harmonious co-existence for human andnature, and a well–coordinated development between socio-economy and environment.The opening of the forum will exert very positive and important influence on promotion of international cooperation, sustainable utilization and conservation on biodiversity. Let’s join our hands, admire the nature, protect our environment, promote our culture, and carry on the history!At last, on behalf of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province, please allow me to extend our sincere appreciation to SEPA, ADB, EC and GTZ, and to all institutes, organizations, and personnels from home and abroad who care and support environmental protection in Yunnan.I wish today’s forum a great success!I wish all guests good health, successful career and all the best!Thank you very much!第二Your excellency Premier Howard, Mr. Bizilj, ladies and gentlemen, friends:I am very happy with the Australian friends gather together here. Please allow me to Premier Howard's gracious hospitality, and take this opportunity, best wishes to the Australian people!In 1995 I visited your country, the visit left me a good impression. Again after 11 years here, I not only felt the friendly feelings towards the Chinese people and the people of Australia, but also found that the people here in China showed a keen interest in. People pay more attention to China, because China's reform and opening up has undergone tremendous changes. From 1978 to 2005,China's GDP increased by 11 times, according to the annual exchange rate, by$215300000000 to $2.2257; per capita GDP from $225 to $1707; last year,import and export trade amounted to $1.42; by February of this year, foreign exchange reserves reached $853*********.With China's overall national strength, the universal concern of the international community, China will take what kind of development path? Will assume what kind of responsibility to the international community? Can become a force for world peace and prosperity? I would like to talk about a few views thereon.China is taking a path of peaceful development. It is the essence of China,through striving for a peaceful international environment for its own development, but also to its own development to promote world peace; China's development depends on her own power and innovation, and adhere to the open policy; China to conduct exchanges and cooperation with all countries in the world on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, realize mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, common development. China's development is peaceful development, open development, cooperative development. Not to move or retreat to the path of peaceful development, is the inevitable choice for china.First, this is decided by China's historical and cultural traditions. The Chinese nation always have faith and promote good will, advocate of peace. "Do not do toothers,", "and not harm, to not fight," reflected the Chinese nation "the world offeelings and moral rationality" character.Second, this is determined by China's need for development. To accelerate the economic and social development, building a modern nation, is the Chinesepeople are striving for historical task. T o achieve this goal, we must live together in peace together, mutual trust with other countries.Third, this is decided by the tide of world development institute. The pursuit of peace, development, cooperation is the common aspiration of all peoples. Chinais a member of the international community, to achieve their own development, to conform to the world trend, together with other countries to take responsibility for safeguarding world peace.In short, adhere to the path of peaceful development, not a matter of expediency, but the Chinese government and people's serious choice and solemn commitment.Premier Howard said, China's development is conducive to China, but also conducive to the world. This reflects his understanding and support of China's peaceful development. Anyone without bias will see, China in the pursuit of their own development at the same time, is taking actions in the world to play a responsible role. Generally speaking, in the following ten aspects:-- China attaches great importance to the development of the social productive forces and improve the people's material and cultural life level, is committed to promoting the cause of human progress. China has successfully solved theproblem of feeding a population of 1300000000, lifted over 200 million people out of poverty, in the national basic universal compulsory education for 9 years,offers to help about 60000000 disabled people, providing equal development opportunities to all ethnic groups. Social stability at present China, people live and work in peace. China's development and stability is the biggest contribution to the world peace and prosperity.-- China through the summary of practical experience, has embarked on a road of scientific development. China insists to save resources, protect environmentas a basic national policy, strive to build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society, promote the comprehensive coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. China'sdevelopment will not pose a threat to the world.Stand on one's own -- China pursues peaceful foreign policy, his position is determined according to the right and wrong things itself. China adheres topursue peace, promote development of cooperation in international affairs,strictly abide by the Charter of the United Nations mission and universally recognized norms of international relations, not with other countries on the basis of ideology relationship, form alliance with any other country, in the five principles of peaceful coexistence and friendly countries.-- China firmly safeguarding world peace, is the international system participants,preserving and building. China joined over 100 inter governmental international organizations, signed nearly 300 international treaties. China actively promotes the establishment of a just and rational new international order, promote democracy in international relations, maintaining the diversity of world civilization.-- China adhere with neighbors, partnerships with neighboring countries, do a good neighbor, good partners. China through APEC, the Shanghai cooperation organization, China ASEAN cooperation, the Greater Mekong sub regional cooperation, promote the development of bilateral and regional cooperation, and promote common prosperity. We argue that regional cooperation should follow the principle of openness, strengthen ties with other countries and international organizations.China -- the peaceful resolution of disputes, plays a constructive role in addressing hotspot issues. China on the Korean nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, the Middle East and other major international consistentlynegotiations standpoint, non traditional security issues, including international cooperation actively to major natural disasters. Last year we hit on India Ocean tsunami in the implementation of the biggest international rescue operationhistory of china.-- China's active participation in counter-terrorism and non-proliferation cooperation, efforts to safeguard global security and strategic stability. China is opposed to terrorism, has played a constructive role in international anti-terrorism cooperation; China signed the "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of nuclear weapons" and "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty", support the implementation of "biological weapons convention" and "Convention on the prohibition of chemical weapons", making the anti export control laws systemdiffusion comprehensive, and continue to strengthen law enforcement.-- China honors its WTO commitments, is committed to building a fair, free international trade system. After joining the WTO, China actively opening up the domestic market, the average tariff has dropped to 9.9%. The WTO trade in Services Division of 160 sectors and subsectors, China has pledged to open 100. China's intellectual property law mainly were further modified, so that therelevant agreements with the WTO consistent. China is also on the infringement of intellectual property rights lowered the threshold for criminal punishment,strengthen law enforcement for IPR protection.-- China earnestly implement the UN Millennium Development Goals, providedsincere and selfless assistance to developing countries. So far, China to more than 110 countriesand regional organizations with more than 2000 aid projects,for 44 underdeveloped countries reduced the debt of about 20000000000 yuan.In addition, China will in the next 3 years to underdeveloped countries provide us $10000000000 of preferential loans and preferential export buyer's credit, help them to strengthen infrastructure construction.-- China pursues a defensive national defense policy, to promote the cause ofinternational disarmament and arms control. China in the past 20 years, theabout 1700000. China's gross domestic product and the proportion of financial expenditure, in the world is relatively low. China's limited military spending growth, mainly to improve the military life, improve the defense ability andsafeguarding national unity, is not a threat to anyone. China's defense policy is transparent.China sincerely hopes to make greater contribution to world peace and prosperity. Therefore, China should accelerate the development of. Onlydevelopment, can China solve its own problems; only development, can Chinatake more responsibility in the world. Although China has made great progress,but it is still a developing country, facing heavy tasks of development.Population, underdeveloped productivity, development is not balanced, is China's basic national conditions. At present, China's per capita GDP is behindthe 100 world, China still has 23650000 poor people, need to solve thepopulation of nearly 24000000 jobs a year, there are about 60000000 disabled people need care and help, there are 1 hundred million rural labor force to transfer employment. To realize China's modernization, there is still a long way to go, need several generations, a dozen, or even dozens of generations of unremitting struggle.Ladies and gentlemen, friends:Peace and development are the common cause of all mankind, the building of a harmonious world is the common wish of the people around the world. Realize the human and human's harmony, the human and the natural harmony, peacebetween nations, need the joint efforts of the international community. Your former Prime Minister Mr. Menzies once warned: the struggle, searching,exploring, never give up! We are willing to cooperate with the international community including Australia, to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.Australia is rich in resources, developed economy and advanced technology,China has a market and development potential of large population, vast, a strong economic complementarity. At present, China is Australia's largest source of overseas students and fastest growing source of overseas tourists. Along with the establishment of China Confucius Institute in Australia second and "Chineseculture in Australia for" success, Australia humanistic contacts will be more closely. In Australia there is no conflict of fundamental interests, but have extensive common interests. The friendly and cooperative relations of long-term stability of the establishment of Australia, conforms to the fundamental interests of the two countries and two peoples. China Australia relations from a strategic point of view, is willing to work with Australia to become good friends, good partners.T oday, Prime Minister Howard and I held fruitful talks, reached broad consensuson developing comprehensive cooperative relations of mutual benefit and win-win in Australia in twenty-first Century. We agreed to strengthen politicalexchanges and strategic dialogue, enhance mutual trust, expand trade; ininvestment, energy, mineral resources and other areas of cooperation andaccelerating the China Australia FTA negotiations, achieve a win-win situation; to promote the culture, education, tourism and other exchanges, enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the people of regional cooperation;promote the healthy and orderly development, work together to maintainprosperity and stability in the Asia Pacific region. I believe, through the jointefforts of both sides, bilateral all-round cooperation relationship will certainly be fruitful!Now, I propose:Howard Prime Minister of health,As the two countries and the friendship between the two peoples,For the lofty cause of world peace and development,Bottoms up. (end)第三Let me begin by thanking you, Mr. Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of thisworld-renowned university.Coming to the Yale campus, with its distinctive academic flavor, and looking at the eager young faces in the audience, I cannot but recall my great experience studying at Qinghua University in Beijing 40 years ago. Indeed, what happens during one’s school year will influence his whole life. I still benefit greatly from the instruction and my interaction with other students.Yale is renowned for its long history, unique way of teaching and excellence in academic pursuit. If time could go back several decades, I would really like to be a student of Yale just like you.Yale’s motto “Light and Truth,” which is a calling for human progress, represents the aspiration of every motivated young man and woman. Over the past three centuries, Yale has produced a galaxy of outstanding figures, including 20 Nobel laureates and five American presidents. The words of Nathan Hale, an American hero and Yale alumnus, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country,”have also inspired me and many other Chinese. I sincerely hope that Yale will produce more talent and contribute further to the social and economic development of the United States and the cause of human progress.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in and cared deeply about each other. The Chinese admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit ofthe Americans and their proud achievement in national development. As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-U.S. cooperation, more and more Americans are following with great interestChina’s progress and development.Understanding leads to trust. Today, I would like to speak to you about China’s development strategy and its future against the backdrop of the evolution of the Chinese civilization and China’s current development endeavor. I hope this will help you gain a better understanding of China.In a history that spans more than five millennia, the Chinese nation has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one. In particular in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of the Chinese nation. Ninety-five years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China’s progress.Fifty-seven years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China in which people became their own masters. Twenty-eight years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts.Between 1978 and 2005, China’s GDP grew from $147.3 billion to $2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volume went up from $20.6 billion to $1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from $167 million to $818.9 billion. During this period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny and advanced the cause of human progress.On the other hand, I need to point out that, despite the success in its development, China remains the world’s largest developing country, with per capita GDP ranking behind the 100th place. The Chinese people are yet to live a well-off life andChina still faces daunting challenges in its development endeavor. Therefore it requires sustained and unremitting efforts to transform the country and make life better for its people. In the next 15 years, we will strive to make new progress in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way that will benefit China’s one billion and more population.We aim to raise China’s GDP to $4 trillion by 2020, averaging $3,000 per person. By then, China’s economy will be better developed and its democracy will be further enhanced. More progress will be made in science and education. Its culture will be further enriched, the society will become more harmonious and the people will lead a better life.To realize these goals, China has adopted a new concept of development in line with its national conditions and the requirement of the times. That is, to pursue ascientific outlook on development that makes economic and social development people-oriented, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable. We will work to strike a proper balance between urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening wider to the outside world. Greater emphasis will be put on addressing issues affecting people’s livelihood, overcoming imbalances in development and resolving key problems that have occurred in the course of development. We will pursue a new path to industrialization featuring high technology, good economic returns, low resource-consumption, low environment pollution andfull use of human resources. We will bring about coordinated economic, political, cultural and social development. And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting production, improving people’s life and protecting the environment.This concept of scientific development is based on the experience China has gained in its modernization drive and put forth in response to the trends of the times. It is also rooted in the cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.The Chinese civilization is one that has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years. The distinct cultural tradition of the Chinese nation that developedin the long course of history has exerted a strong influence on contemporary China, just as it did on ancient China. Putting people first, keeping pace with the times, maintaining social harmony and pursuing peaceful development: these values that are being pursued in China today are derived from its tradition. But they also give expression to the progress of the times.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to the people and respect for people’s dignity and value. Centuries ago, the Chinese already pointed out that “people are the foundation of a country; when the foundation is stable, the country is in peace.” Nothing is more valuable in the universe than human beings. The ancient Chinese emphasized the value of serving the people, enriching them, nourishing them, and benefiting them. We are pursuing today a people-oriented approach toward development because we believe that development must be for the people and by the people and its benefit should be shared among the people.We care about people’s value, rights and interests and freedom, the quality of their life, and their development potential and happiness index because our goal is to realize the all-around development of the people. Ensuring the right to survival and development remains China’s top priority. We will vigorously promote social and economic development, protect people’s freedom, democracy and human rights according to law, achieve social fairness and justice and enable the 1.3 billion Chinese people to live a happy life.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to unremittingself-improvement, reform and innovation. As an ancient Chinese motto puts it, “As Heaven keeps vigor through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.” Throughout its 5,000-year history, it is thanks to their perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that the Chinese nation has grown after surviving numerous setbacks and adversity. The Chinese people haveshown enterprising spirit and reform and opening-up creativity in national development and great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress. And all this gives expression to the spirit of unremitting self-improvement embodied in China’s cultural tradition.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Back in the early days of the Chinese nation, the Chinese already advocated that “harmony is most valuable.” They strove for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul, and yearned for an ideal society where “everyone loves everyone else, everyone is equal and the whole world is one community.”Today, China is endeavoring to build a harmonious society. It is a society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, integrity, fraternity, vitality, stability, order and harmony between man and nature. It is a society where there is unity between the material and the spirit, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order.The Chinese people takes [sic] the maintenance of ethnic unity and harmony as their bounden duty and the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity their sacred mission.Any act that promoted ethnic harmony and national unity will receive the warm welcome and support of the Chinese people. On the other hand, any act that undermines China’s ethnic harmony and national unity will meet their strong opposition and resistance.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness. The Chinese nation cherishes peace. In foreign relations, the Chinese have always believed that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor” and advocated that “all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.”The Chinese held that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and called for drawing upon the strength of others. Today, China holds high the banner of peace, development and cooperation. It pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and commits itself firmly to peaceful development.It seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace. The world peace is, in turn, enhanced by China’s development. China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and play its part in building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，China and the United States are both countries of vast territory where many ethnic groups coexist and different cultures intermingle. Both our two peoples arehard-working and talented. Due to different historical backgrounds and national conditions, there are differences between China and the United States. But this enables us to learn from each other and draw on each other’s strengths. Closer China-U.S. cooperation serves the fundamental interests of our two countries and peoples and is also of far-reaching significance for peace and development of the whole world.Vast as it is, the Pacific Ocean has not stood in the way of exchanges and cooperation between our two peoples over the past two hundred years, and many moving episodes of mutual learning and mutual help between our two peoples who represent different civilizations have been recorded. In the 27 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1979, China-U.S. relations have maintained steady momentum of growth despite twists and turns on the way, bringing tremendous benefits to both countries and peoples.Entering the 21st century, the world has continued to undergo profound changes. Peace and development remain the calling of our times. On the other hand, factors causing instability and uncertainty are increasing and new challenges and threats are looming. Against this backdrop, the common interests between our two countries are increasing and the areas of our cooperation widening. Global peace and security now face new challenges, such as fighting international terrorism, preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, protecting the environment and human habitat and combating transnational crimes. And it is exactly in these fields that we share important strategic interests. China has a huge market and its development has generated strong demand, while the United States has advanced technology and high quality products. This has created enormous opportunities for economic and technical cooperation between our two countries. Indeed, there is a broad prospect for the growth of constructive and cooperative China-U.S. relations in all fields.Yesterday morning, President Bush and I had an in-depth exchange of views on China-U.S. relations and major international and regional issues of common interest and reached broad and important agreement. We are both of the view that the two sides should approach our relations from the strategic and long-term perspective and that we should enhance dialogue, expand common ground, increase mutual trust, deepen cooperation and promote the overall growth of the constructive and cooperative China-U.S. relations in the 21st century.When we focus on the overall interest of China-U.S. relations, respect and show understanding to each other, I am confident that our relations will move ahead in a healthy and steady manner, and contribute to the well-being of our two peoples and bring greater hope to people around the world.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，A composer cannot write enchanting melody with one note, and a painter cannot paint landscape with only one color. The world is a treasure house where the unique cultural achievements created by people of all countries are displayed. The。

Unit 1❖李颖：We are going to ascend the great wall tomorrow morning. So I’d like to go to bed early and have a good sleep this evening. You know climbing the great wall is not an easy job.❖明天早上我们计划去爬长城，所以我想今晚早点休息，好好睡一觉。

你知道爬长城可不是一件简单的事情。

❖Jack: Great. The Great Wall is very famous and becomes a must for tourist in Beijing.Would you tell me something about it?❖好啊。

长城那么有名，是游客来北京必去的景点。

你能和我说一说长城么？❖李颖：OK. The construction of the great wall took altogether over 2000years.it started in the Zhou dynasty in the 7th century. B.C. And continued until Ming Dynasty in the 15th century A.D. The existing wall was built in the Ming Dynasty.❖好。

长城的整个建筑过程持续了总共两千多年，始于公元七世纪的周朝，后来一直延续到公元后十五世纪的明朝。

现存的城墙都是明朝修建的。

❖Jack: The Great Wall is indeed the crystallization of the industry and wisdom of the Chinese people and also a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. Then why the ancient people built the wall?❖长城的确是中国人民勤劳智慧的结晶，同时也是中国古代文化的象征.那么为什么古代人民要修建长城呢？❖李颖：It was constructed to guard against the invasion by nomadic tribes from the north.When enemy troops approached, guards on watch would send smoke signals from the beacon-fire towers as an alarm.❖修建长城是为了抵御来自北方游牧民族的入侵。

Text 2.1Each of you is a witness to that potential, in what you have learned and achieved here, and in your own hopes for the future. Twenty years ago, almost to the day, President Ronald Reagan spoke at this university and expressed the essence of economic and political freedom. // It is based, he said, on a belief in the dignity of each man, woman, and child. Free institutions, he said, reflect, in appreciation of the special genius of each individual, and of his special right to make his own decisions and lead his own life.//诸位在这里学业有成，诸位对未来充满憧憬，在座的每一位都是这种潜力的见证。

几乎在整整二十年前，里根总统曾到贵校发表演讲，道出了经济和政治自由的真谛，他说，自由的根基在于坚持男女老幼都具有尊严的信念。

他还说，自由的制度反映了尊重每一个人特有的聪明才智，尊重每一个人拥有自主自决、自由自在生活的特定权利。

Compared to President Nixon‟s, or even President Reagan‟s day, many Chinese citizens are now freer to make their own ways in life –to choose careers, to acquire property, and to travel. And across this land are many millions of young people just like you, with their own abilities and their own expectations of a better life for themselves, their families and their country.// 与尼克松总统访华甚至里根总统访华的时期相比，如今大量中国公民获得了更多的自由，正在开拓自己的生活道路。

句子精炼1.It is my great pleasure and privilege to have received your gracious invatationand work with a distinguished group of China′s automobile specialists.2. A growing number of Amercian firms have been pouring into China′s inlandprovinces, although coastal cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin are still among their first choices of investment with many foreign investors.3.I would like to discuss with you the possibilities of establishing a joint venturewith your company to manufacture progressive-scan DVD home theater systems of the latest model.4.I suggest that we should set up a board of directors for the manmangemant ofthe company and share right and obligations as equal partners .5.I cannot decide what exactly the pharse indicates . They failed to make any senseto me .6.In our school , discussion is given top priority and seminar is the way of class.7.The flexible and adaptable capacity makes a popular teacher among students.8.Confucianism sings high praises for individuals to uplift themselves for thebenefit of communal harmony , that is , communal harmony takes precedence over individual freedom.9.我希望您太太能早日与您在此团聚，我公司会支付包括国际机票在内的一切费用。

英汉同声传译技巧与训练广东外语外贸大学副校长、高级翻译学院首任院长仲伟合1、同声传译的概念口译按工作方式分为连续(consecutive interpreting,又叫交替传译、逐步传译)和同声传译(simultaneous interpreting)。

同声传译因为与发言人同步进行翻译，无须占用会议时间而受到了会议组织者的欢迎，二次世界大战之后，流行于许多国际组织。

所谓同声传译指的是用一种语言（译入语）把另外一种语言（原语）所表达的思想内容，以与原语发言人几乎相同的速度，用口头形式表达出来的一种翻译方式。

近年来，世界很多地方称这种翻译为“会议传译”(conference interpreting)。

在大多数情况下，同声传译是通过会议设备来完成的。

译员坐在特制的口译箱里，通过耳机接听发言人的讲话内容，随即通过麦克风把原语发言人的讲话内容用译人语传达给大会的听众，听众则利用耳机选择所需要的语言频道，接受翻译服务。

与交替传译相比，同声传译具有以下优点：(1)在同声传译中，发言与翻译同时进行，不占用会议时间；(2)同声传译可以利用电子设备，在同一时间内对多种语言同时进行翻译。

(3)在大型国际会议中，译员有时可以事先得到发言稿件，早做准备，提高翻译的准确率。

因此，现在国际上的会议，百分之九十都是采用同声传译的方式进行。

同声传译又可分为以下几种情况：(1)常规同传：在翻译中，译员没有稿件，靠耳听、心想、口译来在同一时间内完成同声传译工作。

(2)视译：译员拿到讲话人的书面讲话稿，一边听讲话人的讲话、一边看稿、一边口译。

(3)耳语传译：不需要使用同传设备。

译员一边听讲话人的发言，一边与会代表耳边进行传译。

(4)同声传读：译员拿到书面译文，边听发言人念稿，边宣读译文。

同声传读需要注意发言人在宣读论文过程中增加及减少的内容，有时发言人也可能会突然脱稿进行发言。

2、同声传译的工作程序同声传译的工作程序可能简单表示为：也就是原语发言人在会议厅主席台（或会场）对着麦克风发言，同传译员则坐在特制的口译箱里通过耳机接听原语信息，同时用目的语言准确传达原语信息，通过麦克风把信息传达出去。

口译教程第二版邓轶答案1、非常感谢您，市长先生。

谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。

今天我们很高兴来到这里。

我夫人与我为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。

感谢贵国对我们的欢迎,特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。

我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们。

我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。

我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。

我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读。

我祝贺在座各位学业有成。

我赞常诸位老师承上启下，发扬复日长达九十九年的优良传统。

2、Ladies and Gentlemen,Good evening.It is an honor for me to be invited to your seminar tonight.For me,for my colleagues and many otherChinese,Princeton has long been a familiar name.With a history longer than the country,it has produced many outstanding people Woodrow Wilson the 28th US President.Albert Einstein,the great scientist,and T.S.Eliot the famous poet to name but a few.As the former President Bill Clinton said in 1996 incelebration of the 250 anniversary of Princeton:"At every pivotal moment in American history,Princeton,its leadership,its students have placed a crucial role.I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China.Though our two countries are geographically far apart we have lots in common.While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald's fast food,many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China.I hope that today's seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy,thus further deepening our friendship and cooperation.。

第28单元同声传译视译28.1 复习笔记一、视译的概念视译（On-sight Interpreting）是指同传译员拿着讲话人的发言稿，边听发言、边看原稿、边进行同声传译。

视译是同声传译中经常使用的一种翻译方式，也是同声训练不可逾越的一个阶段，一般的同声传译训练都是从注意力的分配训练（如影子跟读练习）到视译，然后再过渡到无稿同声传译。

二、视译的准备工作1. 视译中有源语与译语稿件的情况非常少，即便在两稿都有的情况下，也要认真准备，不能掉以轻心。

因为发言人因为发言时间的限制或现场情况的变化，很可能在阅读发言稿时跳过一些段落，或在报告中间增加一些内容。

还有的发言者可能会临时更换发言稿。

为了应付这些意外，有经验的译员经常使用阿拉伯数字简单地将两种稿子对应段落标记清楚，在翻译过程中可以清楚地识别发言的进度。

2. 通常会议提供的发言稿是单语的，在时间充裕的情况下，可以先把稿件中的难点（词语、语句等）事先笔译出来，把原稿做一定的语篇分析与意群划分，这样在翻译的时候就可以做到胸有成竹了。

如果时间来不及或译员对稿件的内容较有把握，可以在稿子上做一些“标识”（Markers），即用诸如箭头、五角星、线条等各种笔记符号有重点地标出源语发言人的思路及语篇标识，把关键的词语和一些难译的句子和语段先译出来。

3. 在原稿并无参考价值的情况下，可以忽略原稿，把精力集中在无稿同声传译的技术工作中，利用口译笔记等，进行无稿同传。

口译的视译准备工作有时要在口译厢中进行，译员可以事先准备好词典，对那些较难的重要信息进行一定程度的准备。

4. 译员在准备过程中如果发现讲稿存在实在难以理解、过于深奥或冷僻的地方，在时间允许的情况下，最好能请教一下演讲人或有相关专业知识的人。

在国际会议中，译员对于特殊的观念、思想、概念等，一定要虚心请教，不能望文生意。

三、视译的训练1. 初步练习可以找一些有译文的发言稿，边听发言录音，边做“同声传读”。

然后逐渐过渡到脱离译稿，只看原文进行口译。

第17单元口译中的逻辑连贯17.1 复习笔记一、连贯的定义连贯（Coherence）是指以信息发出者和接受者双方共同了解的情景为基础，通过逻辑推理来达到语义上的连贯。

语义连贯是构成话语的重要标志，译者只有理解并充分表达相互照应的句内、句间或段间关系，才能传达说话者的题旨和功能。

1. 词素连贯词素连贯要求词素与词素之间能构成有效的形式和语义连贯，而且这一语义连贯能同原文概念所指的实物、行为或特征之间构成有效的语义关联。

2. 词际连贯（1）词际连贯，即小句之内词与词之间的搭配，不仅能构成有效的形式连贯，而且这一连贯能同原文概念所指的实物、行为或特征之间构成有效的语义关联。

（2）词际连贯还会受到语义规则的限制，翻译时应根据语境和有关词语的意义，从搭配等级的最高概率逐层向最低概率层进行推理，直至选出最佳搭配组合。

3. 句际连贯（1）句际连贯指句与句之间的连贯，要求它们之间不仅要有结构上的连接，而且还要有深层的语义和语用关联，也就是说要文通理顺。

（2）句际连贯的表层标记主要有指称、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接等五种衔接方式，译者在翻译中需要有效地识别这些连接标记，才能有助于准确地判断和确定原文的连贯模式及其文体特征，以便于在翻译时采取相应的策略。

二、重复1. 汉英对待“重复”的不同态度（1）汉语认为“重复”是表达连贯效果的一种重要手段，汉语语义间经常重复或互相包含，这不但可以起到前后连贯和强调的作用，还可以使语言表达显得生动活泼。

（2）英语认为“重复”已知信息是浪费时间的表现，英语句子为避免重复，某些部分能省便省。

2. 英译汉时可以对一些关键性的词加以重复，使句意明确、句子生动、或起到强调的作用。

（1）运用成语：汉语中有大量的四字词组，十分精炼，听起来有节奏感。

运用适当可使口译生动活泼，增强修辞效果。

例：But there had been too much publicity about my case.【译文】但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。