死亡
社会化
13所院校本(2003):“社会化是个体通过与 社会的交互作用,适应并吸收社会的文化,成 为一个合格的社会成员的过程” 孙时进(2003):“可以认为,个体的社会化 就是个体经过同他人交往,接受社会文化影响, 学习掌握社会行为规范和价值观念的过程”。 郑:从文化的角度,社会化被看做是一个文化 传递和延续的过程,社会化的实质是社会文化 (核心是价值标准)的内化。
First, the self is composed of our thoughts and beliefs about
ourselves, or what James (1890) called the "known," or, more simply, the "me." Second, the self is also the active processor of information, the "knower," or "I.”
11. 我是内向而心理常有矛盾的人 12. 我是有时有自卑感的人; 13. 我是感情脆弱的人; 14. 我是渴望真诚友谊的人; 15. 我是愿意得到别人理解的人 16. 我是能理解他人的人; 17. 我是有时拘谨的人; 18. 我是宁愿自我感受的人; 19. 我是不愿被人怜悯的人; 20. 我是相信自己的人。
The self-perception of Chimps and Orangutans 3/3
They rarely touch the red spot and, unlike chimps and orangutans, are no more likely to touch it when the mirror is present than when the mirror is absent. These studies indicate that chimps and orangutans have a rudimentary(未发展的) selfconcept. They realize that the image in the mirror is themselves and not another ape (猿), and recognize that they look different from how they looked before.