高级英语修辞格 (1)教学提纲

高级英语第四版第二课修辞摘要：一、引言二、高级英语第四版第二课修辞概述三、课程内容提要1.比喻2.明喻和暗喻3.提喻4.拟人5.反讽6.排比四、修辞手法在英语写作中的应用五、总结与反思正文：【引言】高级英语课程旨在帮助学生提高英语水平，使他们能够熟练地运用英语进行沟通和表达。

在第四版第二课中，我们学习了修辞这一重要主题。

修辞是一种通过语言手段，使表达更加生动、形象和具有感染力的方法。

本篇文章将概括介绍课程中的修辞内容。

【高级英语第四版第二课修辞概述】修辞是一种艺术，通过运用特定的语言技巧，使文本更加吸引人、有趣和易于理解。

在高级英语第四版第二课中，我们学习了多种修辞手法，包括比喻、明喻和暗喻、提喻、拟人、反讽和排比等。

这些修辞手法可以帮助我们更有效地传达思想和感情。

【课程内容提要】1.比喻：比喻是通过将一个事物与另一个事物相比较，从而形象地表达出某种特性的修辞手法。

例如：“时间是金钱。

”2.明喻和暗喻：明喻是直接比较两个事物，而暗喻则是通过暗示进行比较。

例如：“她的眼睛是星星。

”（明喻）和“她是个睡美人。

”（暗喻）3.提喻：提喻是通过部分代表整体或通过整体代表部分的修辞手法。

例如：“杯水车薪。

”4.拟人：拟人是一种赋予非人类事物人类特征的修辞手法。

例如：“月亮害羞地躲在云朵后面。

”5.反讽：反讽是通过表达与字面意义相反的意义，从而产生幽默或讽刺效果的修辞手法。

例如：“祝你度过一个美好的时光。

”（用于分手场景）6.排比：排比是通过重复相同或类似的结构，以强调某个观点或情感的修辞手法。

例如：“生命在于运动，健康在于运动，美丽在于运动。

”【修辞手法在英语写作中的应用】在英语写作中，运用修辞手法可以使文章更具表现力和吸引力。

例如，使用比喻可以使抽象概念更具体化，使用拟人可以让描述更生动有趣。

恰当运用修辞手法有助于作者更好地传达思想和情感，同时也能让读者在阅读过程中获得愉悦。

【总结与反思】通过学习高级英语第四版第二课中的修辞内容，我们了解了多种修辞手法及其在英语写作中的应用。

Lesson 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar1. Onomatopoeia:is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)2) As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. (Para. 5)3) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”.e.g. 1)…in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, …(Para. 5)3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.e.g. … and so thick with the dust of centuries that …(Para. 8)a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)5．Contrast:e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leatherbellows…(Para. 5)2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. (Para. 5)6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed withhuman qualities or are represented as possessing human form.e.g. 1) … where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, … (Para. 7)2) It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)Lesson 2V: Figures of speechMetaphor: 暗喻1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say. (Para.2) At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Para. 5)Synecdoche: 提喻A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part(as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)little old Japan: traditional Japanese housesMetonymy: 换喻A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington”for “the United States government”or of “the sword”for “military power”.换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture Irony：反语The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。

《高级英语Ⅰ》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：高级英语Ⅰ课程英文名称: Advanced EnglishⅠ课程类别: 专业基础课课程属性：必修学分：3 学时：54学期共1学期考核方式：笔试＋口试二、课程性质及教学目的根据《高等学校英语专业英语教学大纲》培养目标要求，高等院校英语专业要培养具有扎实的基本功、宽广的知识面、一定的相关专业知识、有较强适应能力、应变能力、自主能力和良好身心素质的复合型英语人才。

在基础阶段的英语教学完成以后，必须继续进行更高一级的英语阅读教学。

高级英语课程是英语专业基础阶段综合英语课程在高层次上的延续，是一门训练学生阅读理解、语法修辞与写作能力的综合英语技能课程，是一门专业必修课。

顺应时代和社会的要求，我系高年级综合英语教研组在总结传统教学经验、在探索新的教学理念、学习现代教育技术的基础上，以语言教学理论和多媒体网络教学技术理论为基础，以更新教学内容和手段、重组教学结构为出发点，大力改革高级英语课堂教学模式，把课堂教学和多媒体网络技术相结合，寻求以学生为中心的互动性、协作性、个性化的高年级综合英语教学模式。

学生通过多媒体课堂教学、课后自主学习，巩固和深化语言基础知识、提高词义辨析能力，扩大词汇量，阅读和分析涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面的名家作品，扩大知识面，加深对社会和人生的理解；培养学生对名篇分析和欣赏能力，逻辑思维与独立思考能力，使学生增强对文化差异的敏感性；初步了解各种修辞手段和各种写作技巧；使学生能够熟悉常用的文学、科技等词汇；并引发学习者对社会、历史、科学和文化等重大问题的自我思考能力，全面发展学生的语言技能、思辨能力、赏析能力、解决问题的能力，从而培养学生的语言综合运用能力，提高其自主学习、持续学习的能力。

在词汇上，通过课堂教学和其他途径认识7000－9000个词汇；且能正确而熟练地使用其中的5000个及其最常见的搭配。

掌握基本的构词法；掌握一定数量的同义词、反义词辨析。

《高级英语（一）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。

主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。

2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。

主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。

3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。

这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。

Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出人意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反面, 其作用是加强语气,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。

一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①―Mama,‖ Wangero said sweet as a bird . ―C an I have these old quilts?‖②Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.③My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake.④The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…⑤I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish （粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

高级英语(1)修辞格一．词语修辞格(1) simile 明喻它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as 等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils ) 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。

They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。

His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。

①The oratorial（雄辩的） storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools…②I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的） masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走） on like a swarm（群） of crawling locusts（蝗虫）.（2）metaphor 暗喻暗含的比喻。

A是B或B就是A。

收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员.( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。

Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B.Yeats ) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。

《高级英语（一）》课程教学大纲课程编号：20531102总学时数：32总学分数：2课程性质：专业任选课适用专业：旅游管理一、课程的任务和基本要求：本课程针对的是已掌握英语基础知识的高年级学生。

课文的内容及题材极具多样化，目的是让学生能接触不同的文体，吸收较广泛的知识。

每课课文后附有注释，包括作家介绍、历史背景、有关典故及一般学生使用的词典中难以查到的语言现象，因此要求学生对此不能忽略，应强化学习，拓宽视野，有利于今后更高层次的学习。

主要训练的内容有：学会查英文词典，通过独立工作加深对课文的理解；掌握较深层次的单词的构词及同义词；掌握基本的常见的各种修辞技巧，以助于提高写作水平和欣赏英文原文的能力；同时学习欣赏课文的写作技巧，并从口、笔译两方面对所学内容灵活运用，进一步扩大自己的知识和技能。

二、基本内容和要求：Unit 1:The Middle Eastern Bazaar.Basic Requirements: The very beginning lesson of this course offers a great challenge of too many new words to the students for the first time. Therefore, the students should be well-prepared to take this course. They are required to learn how to appreciate and write a detailed and well-organized article of description.Unit 2:Hiroshima----the “liveliest” city in Japan.Basic Requirements: Try to know how to appreciate and write a good report with well-organized structure and truthful description of the item to be reported. Also required is the understanding of the effects of atomic bombs, especially the vic tims’ suffering.Unit 5: Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the USSR. As a well-known speech all over the world, this one is worth being paid great attention.Basic Requirements: The students are demanded to learn some famous paragraphs by heart. Also require d to acquire are the background of this speech and Churchill’s skill of writing.Unit 6: Blackmail. This is an excerpt of one of the novels written by Arthur Hailey, the creator of several bestsellers.Basic Requirements: This test demonstrates the writer’s talent of writing and profound exposure of the evils done by the upper-class. The students are to be encouraged to read between lines and get some information about the American society depicted in the novel.Unit 9: Mark Twain----Mirror of America. As a humorist and novelist who can never escape the study of any student in American literature, Mark Twain remains so great a topic for the students who desire to learn and know American English well.Basic Requirements: By learning the text, the students can have a general understanding of this literary giant.Unit 10: The Trial that Rocked the Earth.Basic Requirements: By learning this text, the students can understand the difficulties that the theory of Evolution met in the process of its popularization in the Christian countries, even in the democratic and open America.三、实践环节和要求：无四、教学时数分配：五、其它项目：无六、有关说明：1、教学和考核方式：该课程均为考查课，考核方式均为口试，开卷考。

高级英语第三版修辞总结(一)高级英语第三版修辞总结前言•介绍高级英语第三版修辞的重要性和目的。

正文修辞的定义和作用•解释修辞的含义和作用。

•强调修辞在英语写作和修辞分析中的重要性。

修辞基础知识•简要介绍修辞的基础知识，如比喻、隐喻、夸张等。

•强调理解这些基础知识对于掌握高级修辞技巧的重要性。

高级修辞技巧•详细介绍高级修辞技巧，如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等。

•提供实例和练习，帮助读者理解和应用这些技巧。

修辞分析与应用•强调修辞分析对于阅读他人作品和提升写作能力的重要性。

•提供示范分析，并指导如何运用修辞技巧来增强自己的作品。

练习与实践•提供大量的练习题和实践活动，巩固所学的修辞技巧和分析能力。

•鼓励读者通过实践来提升自己的写作水平。

结尾•总结修辞的重要性和高级修辞技巧的学习内容。

•鼓励读者继续深入学习修辞，并在写作中灵活运用所学的技巧。

以上是关于高级英语第三版修辞的总结文稿，希望对读者有所帮助，提升他们的英语写作能力。

高级英语第三版修辞总结（续）前言修辞是英语写作中不可或缺的一部分，它能够增强语言的表达效果，丰富文章的内涵，传达作者的意图。

高级英语第三版修辞是一本权威的修辞学教材，本文将对其进行总结和归纳，为读者提供一份简明扼要的指南。

正文修辞的定义和作用•修辞是指运用各种语言手段来美化、提升和加强文学作品的艺术方法。

它通过巧妙地运用词汇、句法和修辞手法，使作品更加生动、丰富并引发读者的共鸣。

•在英语写作中，修辞不仅是丰富文章的语言表达手法，更是传达作者观点和情感的重要工具。

修辞基础知识•了解和掌握修辞的基础知识对于理解高级修辞技巧至关重要。

比喻、隐喻、夸张等是常见的修辞手法，它们能够通过对语言的转化和形象化，突出特定的意义和感受。

•深入了解这些基础知识，有助于读者使用和理解更高级的修辞手法，提升自己的写作水平。

高级修辞技巧•高级修辞技巧是指运用复杂和精密的语言手段来增强修辞效果。

例如倒装、排比、反复运用某个词汇等，它们能够在文章中产生独特的语言效果和节奏感。

⾼级英语⼀修辞格归纳《⾼级英语（⼀）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.⾳韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)⾳韵修辞格是利⽤词语的语⾳特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。

2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语⾔的变化等特点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。

3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句⼦结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞⼿法。

这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。

Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出⼈意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反⾯, 其作⽤是加强语⽓,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。

高级英语(1)修辞格汇总2014.12一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻① ...a memory that seemed phonographic②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”③Most American remember M. T. as the father of...④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail.⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye.⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake.⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her.（2）metaphor 暗喻①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,…②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A④the last this intermezzo came to an end…⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me …⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑪When railroads began drying up the demand...⑫...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑬Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑭Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑮The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑯Her voice was a whiplash.⑰and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑱But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.⑲I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑳I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.21The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. 22I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.23We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻①In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the Third International describes②The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's"（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head②The case had erupted round my head Or what of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges ...③But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary's（5）personification 拟人①…until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes…②Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque ora caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay…收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除③...to literature's enduring gratitude...④The grave world smiles as usual...⑤Bitterness fed on the man...⑥America laughed with him.⑦Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color a ppeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.④I have been exhilarated by two days of storms, but above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been. (V. Sackville-West, No Signposts in the Sea)（7）hyperbole 夸张①The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.②I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out.③If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.④I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there are still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.⑤...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...⑥The cast of characters... - a cosmos.⑦America laughed with him.⑧The trial that rocked the world⑨His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " （9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- t he use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in Japan②“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangero said, laughing .③… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for," Darrow drawled. "I know what he is here for, too. He is here because ignorance and bigotry(顽固) are, and it isa mighty strong combination.②There is some doubt about that.③ a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life④the Post’ s editorial fails to explain what is wrong with the definition, we can only infer from "so simple" a thing that the writer takes the plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that（12）ridicule（嘲笑）Words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing 愚弄有意激起对某人或某事的蔑视的笑或看不起的感情而说的话或做的事收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除①Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted②Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.③Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.（13）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.②Benjamin Franklin: “If we don’t hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.” (Peter stone and Sherman Edwards. 1776) 如果我们不能紧密地团结在一起，那就必然分散地走上绞刑架。

《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲一、说明适用专业四年制本科英语专业语言文学方向先修课程高级英语总学时32总学分2（一）本课程的目的、要求（1）使学生较系统地了解英语修辞产生的原因及其对提高语言表现力的重要作用认识，增强对英语的理解能力，提高恰当运用英语语言的交际能力。

（2）使学生学会从修辞的观点出发，从英语语言现象入手，对其内涵进行分析，初步掌握对语言进行研究、分析和比较的方法。

（3）使学生掌握各种主要的修辞手段，提高实践中运用英语的能力和理解与欣赏英语文学作品的能力。

（二）内容选取和实施中注意的问题（1）本课程应坚持理论与实践相结合的原则，适当介绍修辞理论，重点讲述实用性内容，要求学生运用所学理论分析语言实例。

（2）突出重点、兼顾一般。

在选取内容上要注意以语音、词汇、句子三级修辞方法为重点，其中又应以喻类辞格为重点。

（3）学生对明喻比较熟悉，可以略而不讲或只作为隐喻的比较对象略谈。

（4）培养学生对语言的观察能力，让学生自己寻找例句并作出说明，以加深对所学内容的理解。

（5）大纲中不带“*”号的内容属于基本内容，带“*”号内容可讲可不讲。

（三）教学方法（1）教师为主导、学生为中心。

防止教师一言堂，要在教师指导下，发挥学生的学习主动性。

（2）理论与实践相结合，课堂讲授与学生分析讨论相结合。

（四）考核方式本课程为考查课程，采用口头与笔头相结合的方式:（1）口头方式主要以课堂提问和课堂讨论表现情况为考核依据。

（2）笔头方式主要以学生平时笔头作业完成情况和课程结束时笔头测验成绩为考核依据。

（3）口头考核成绩占40%，笔头考核成绩占60%。

（五）教学内容与学时分配教学章节教学内容学时安排备注1修辞学定义22西方修辞学简史44词语的选择35句子的选择27语音类修辞格48-9句法类修辞格610语义类修辞格611逻辑类修辞格4机动2测验二、大纲内容Chapter 1 What Is Rhetoric?1.1 Rhetoric and oratory1.2 Connotation of rhetoric1.3 Definitions of rhetoric1.4 Five assumptions说明和要求:（1）了解修辞与演说之间的关系（2）修辞学的定义Chapter 2 Brief History of Western Rhetoric2.1 Classical rhetoric (5th c. B.C.---5th c. A.D.)2.2 Rhetoric in the Middle Ages (5th---14th c.)*2.3 Rhetoric in the Renaissance (15th---16th c.)*2.4 New Classical Rhetoric (17th---19th c.)2.5 Contemporary Rhetoric说明和要求:（1）了解西方修辞学产生与发展的历史（2）了解亚里士多德等学者对西方修辞学的贡献（3）了解当今修辞学发展的现状和主要趋势Chapter 4 Choice of Words4.1 Use suitable words4.2 Denotation and connotation4.3 General words and specific words4.4 Abstract words and concrete words4.5 Short words and long words说明和要求:（1）了解词的本义与衍生义（2）了解概括词与特指词的语用功能（3）了解抽象词和具体词的语用功能（4）了解大词和小词的来源和对语体色彩的影响Chapter 5 Choice of Sentences5.1 Types of sentences5.2 Long and short sentences说明和要求:（1）了解不同句子结构的修辞作用（2）了解长句和短句的语用功能Chapter 7 Phonetic Figures of Speech7.1 Alliteration7.2 Assonance7.3 Consonance7.4 Onomatopoeia7.5 Aposiopesis7.6 Apostrophe7.7 Pun说明和要求:（1）本部分从语音在语言中的地位讲起，适当介绍语音学方面的知识，重点提示音韵法在诗歌中所起的重要作用及其对散文、广告等各语体的影响。

《高级英语1》教学大纲Advanced English I课程编码：08A11060 学分：3.0 课程类别：专业必修课计划学时：48 其中讲课：48 实验或实践：0 上机：0适用专业：英语推荐教材：张汉熙主编，《高级英语》第一册（第三版），外语教学与研究出版社，2011年。

参考书目：史宝辉主编，《新编高级英语阅读教程》，中国林业出版社，2002年。

课程的教学目的与任务《高级英语1》是英语语言文学专业三年级的一门必修课程，主要是将学生的英语学习由词汇语法知识转向对篇章、修辞的理解、欣赏，学习重点是英语构词方式、同义词辨析、复杂句子的结构分析、诠释、修辞方法、英语篇章的构建方式、其衔接和连贯方式、文体风格等。

使学生对于英语语言的理解和掌握达到升华，逐步学会欣赏优美的英语原文，接触名家名篇，掌握更丰富、更纯正的英语表达方式。

课程的基本要求1、本课程阅读材料内容广泛，涉及政治、经济、社会、语言、文学、教育、哲学等方面。

通过阅读和分析所选材料，扩大学生知识面，加深学生对社会和人生的理解，培养他们的分析和欣赏能力、逻辑思维与独立思考能力。

2、结合范文，对词汇、修辞、阅读等方面内容进行分析，在巩固和提高学生原有知识的同时，讲授修辞基本知识，以培养学生文体鉴赏能力，了解并掌握英语写作文体的思维方法，英语段落结构及写作方法、英语论说文的类别、结构及写作方法，在扩大知识面的同时习得优美的语言。

3、要求学生掌握每课文章中出现的生词，分析理解文章中复杂句子的表层含义和深层含义。

4、要求学生能独立完成课后练习，把自己的理解准确、清楚地表达出来。

各章节授课内容、教学方法及学时分配建议第一章：Unit 2:Hiroshima----the “Liveliest”City in Japan 建议学时：12[教学目的与要求]在单词、短语、语法等学习的基础上，正确理解课文内容，训练对课文中出现的复杂句子的诠释能力，学习分析文章结构与写作的能力并逐步学习和培养修辞知识、文体欣赏等的综合应用能力。

高级英语第三版重排版2修辞总结(一)高级英语第三版重排版2修辞文稿总结前言本文将对《高级英语第三版重排版2修辞》进行总结。

该书是一本资深创作者所编写的英语修辞学教材，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和应用英语修辞技巧。

通过对该书内容的梳理和总结，可以对该教材有一个整体的把握。

正文修辞学入门•介绍了修辞学的定义和作用•解释了修辞学的基本概念和分类•引导读者了解修辞学在英语写作中的重要性修辞手法及例证1.比喻与隐喻–解释了比喻和隐喻的概念和区别–提供了丰富的例证，帮助读者理解和应用比喻和隐喻的技巧2.夸张与修饰–介绍了夸张和修饰的用法和效果–给出了具体的例子，加深读者对这些修辞手法的理解3.排比与对偶–分析了排比和对偶的特点和作用–提供了实际的例子，帮助读者熟悉和运用这些修辞手法4.比拟与赋形–解释了比拟和赋形的含义和使用方法–给出了多个例子，帮助读者学习如何运用比拟和赋形5.排比与修辞–介绍了排比和修辞的特点和效果–提供了实际的应用案例，增强读者对这些修辞手法的认识修辞运用技巧1.修辞的语言风格–分析了修辞在语言风格塑造中的作用–提供了多个例子，帮助读者学习如何运用修辞技巧来改变语言风格2.修辞的句式变换–探讨了修辞技巧在句式变换中的应用原则–给出了具体的实例，帮助读者掌握修辞手法在句子结构上的运用修辞在不同文体中的运用1.修辞在散文中的应用–分析了修辞技巧在散文写作中的作用和价值–提供了一些优秀散文的例子，以便读者更好地学习和运用修辞2.修辞在诗歌中的应用–探讨了修辞在诗歌创作中的重要性和独特之处–给出了一些经典诗歌的例子，帮助读者欣赏和理解修辞在诗歌中的具体运用结尾通过对《高级英语第三版重排版2修辞》的总结，我们可以清晰地了解修辞学的基本概念和分类，以及不同的修辞手法和在不同文体中的运用。

该教材为读者提供了丰富的例证和实践指导，有助于读者提升英语写作和表达的能力。

阅读本书对于提高英语修辞水平具有很大的帮助。

《高级英语1》课程教学大纲课程代码：070131069课程英文名称：Advanced English 1课程总学时：60 讲课：60 实验：0 上机：0适用专业：英语专业大纲编写（修订）时间：2017.10一、大纲使用说明（一）课程的地位及教学目标高级英语1是英语专业本科教学中的一门主干必修课，是低年级基础英语课程的延伸和发展。

与其它高年级英语课程相比，高级英语1课程课时多，涵盖面最广。

因此该课程是保证实现教学目标的重要环节。

通过本课程的学习，学生将达到以下要求：1. 提高学生阅读理解和词汇运用能力，即能掌握和使用所学词汇，特别是同义词、近义词的区分和使用。

2. 正确理解文章的内容和主题思想，抓住文章的要点，分析文章的结构、语言技巧和修辞特点。

3. 提高学生语言表达能力，逻辑思维和判断评述能力，能用英语解释文章中的难句、要点；能用英语归纳文章的主题思想，并能对文章的内容进行简单的分析、鉴赏及评论。

4. 学生能用辞典和其他工具书独立解决语言和文化、背景知识方面的难点，增加文化知识，尤其是英语语言国家的背景知识和文化知识，更好地使语言和文化结合起来。

5. 了解本专业的发展趋势。

（二）知识、能力及技能方面的基本要求1. 基本知识：有相关的英美文化背景知识、语法知识、词汇量在5000-10000之间、遣词造句无重大语法错误。

2. 基本理论和方法：能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的文章；能欣赏有一定难度的文学作品和历史传记。

3. 基本技能：语篇分析能力；修辞手段；语言的综合运用：读、写、译。

（三）实施说明根据教学计划，高级英语1安排在第五学期进行。

总学时60。

1．教学方法：课堂讲授中采用启发式教学，培养学生思考问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力；增加讨论课，调动学生学习的主观能动性；注意培养学生自主学习的能力；讲练结合并注重培养学生的创新能力。

2．教学手段：本课程属于高年级专业基础课，在教学中采用多媒体教学及传统授课方法相结合的方式，确保学生基本功扎实，同时具有较强的英语语言运用能力。