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BD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001B A I 730 D D i a m o n dC o a t i n g S y s t e mP a r t I / O p e r a t i n g M a n u a lS T A N D A R DPart I / Operating ManualBAI 730 D Diamond Coating SystemI m p o r t a n t i n f o r m a t i o n f o r t h e u s e rOnly appropriately qualified personal will have the required technical knowledge to correctly in-terpret and act upon the technical information in this document.We also point out that the content of this document is not part of, nor do they affect, any earlieror existing agreement, commitment or legal relationship. All obligations of Balzers Ltd. will begoverned by the sales contract in question, which also contains complete and exclusively validprovisions regarding warranty. These contractual warranty provisions are neither extended norrestricted by the information contained in this document.The information contained in this document will be regularly updated and checked for correct-ness, and may be subject to amendments at any time without prior notice.Manufacturer's address:Balzers LimitedFL-9496 BalzersPhone+423 388 4111Fax+423 388 5419Ó Balzers Limited. 1997Subject to technical alterations.No part of this document may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in anyway, including but not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic or other record, without theprior agreement and written permission from BALZERS Ltd. Offenders are liable to pay da-mages. All rights in respect of issuance of a patent or design registration are reserved.The system program, delivered as standard accessory or as updated version, are intended foruse only with the BAI 730 D system installed. It is illegal to use or copy this software for otherpurposes; in particular, it is strictly forbidden to give copies to other persons without the writtenpermission from BALZERS Ltd.2 / 6BD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001Part I / Operating ManualBAI 730 D Diamond Coating System1.G e n e r a l r e m a r k sThe deposition of wear protective coatings onto tools consists today not only of running thedeposition process. It consists also in the choice of appropriate substrates, pretreatment, toolinspection, documentation and delivery.This is especially true for diamond deposition, because the appropriate choice of the substratesand the pretreatment is the key for achieving good adhesion. Only carbide substrates can becoated and out of the large group of different carbide grades only grades with specificproperties.Depending on the substrates to be coated different efforts for pretreatment are necessary. Ac-cording to these requirements this manual is split into 3 parts:Part I:BAI 730 D Diamond Coating SystemPart II: Pretreatment ManualPart III: Diamond Deposition on ToolsPart I is the Manual for the BAI730 D Diamond Deposition System. It gives you all informationregarding the diamond deposition process, equipment and handling. It allows you to coat spe-cific substrates specially prepared from carbide manufacturers for diamond deposition (1 basicstandard process).Part II describes the pretreatment process and equipment developed by Balzers especially fordiamond deposition. It gives you the technical, chemical and handling information for the pre-treatment of conventionally available carbides for the following successful diamond deposition.Part III is the handbook for the tool coater. It describes all steps from income inspection to de-livery of the diamond coated tools. Here you find different recipes for the deposition process andpretreatment and which process you must choose for which tool application. The recipes youget in part III depend on the package you bought and will be supplemented in future with newrecipes according to progress in development.BD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001 3 / 6Part I / Operating ManualBAI 730 D Diamond Coating SystemLeerseite4 / 6BD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001Part I / Operating ManualBAI 730 D Diamond Coating SystemChapter overview The chapter Use, Technical Data and Infrastructure specifies the use of the DiamondCoating System and gives all the necessary technical parameters and specifications.The chapter Safety describes the safety philosophy of the BAI 730 D coating system. It provi-des information on the residual hazards, explains the safety precautions of the manufacturer,and explains safety regulations and warnings.The chapter Design and Function contains detailed information on the design and the func-tion of the BAI 730 D coating system.The chapter Operating Elements provides information on all control elements of the BAI 730D coating system.The chapter Operation describes how to operate the BAI 730 D coating system. This coversall principle operating steps of the deposition process.The chapter Troubleshooting contains a summary of errors and that may appear on theprocess visualization system. It gives also a checklist for possible errors and explainsadvanced trouble shooting.The chapter Maintenance and Service contains a maintenance and service list for the BAI730 D coating system.The chapter Installation, Transport and Disposal provides information on the transport andthe installation of the BAI 730 D coating system. It also explains the rules which are to be ob-served when the system is to be disposed.Consumables / Additional Parts / Accessories / Spare PartsParts lists and Drawings in exploded FormSoftware V04UAdjustmentsBD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001 5 / 6Part I / Operating ManualBAI 730 D Diamond Coating System6 / 6BD 802 633 BE 4th Edition 11/2001。
Cutting:Products and servicesProductivity gainsCoated cutting tools can be used with substantially higher cutting speeds and feeds than uncoated tools. This reduces machining times and thus costs per piece. Longer tool life means fewer tool replacements and thus reduced setupcosts.HSC and dry machiningHigh-speed cutting and dry machining generateconsiderable heat. Thanks to the thermal stability, hot hardness and oxidation resistance of the coating, theheat is dissipated via the chip.Hard machiningHard and wear-resistant coatings make it possible to machine hardened steels up to 70 HRC. Tools with defined cutting edges allow the finishing of hard work-pieces, thus eliminating the need for grinding.Difficult to cut materialsTitanium and nickel alloys as well as high-alloy steels are difficult to cut. Coatings with a low coefficient of friction and a low tendency of adhesion to the workpiece materialmake it easier to machine such materials.Re-coating offers even greater savingsIf resharpened tools are re-coated, they achieve the same performance as new coated tools and a longer total service life. Re-coating becomes a must if the service lives and cutting parameters prescribed for production lines are to bemaintained.Partners for regrindingRegrinding and recoating must occur rapidly and efficiently. Oerlikon Balzers cooperates closely with reputable toolgrinding specialists.Efficient logisticsIn most areas, Oerlikon Balzers offers a convenient pick-up service. Special transport containers eliminate the need to individually package the tools. Also, the order data can be transmitted digitally.BALINIT ® reduces costs in cutting applicationsHQ016EN (1011)We are at your service. World-wide.Headquarters OC Oerlikon Balzers AG Oerlikon Balzers Headquarters Iramali 18LI-9496 Balzers Liechtenstein Tel +41 81 784 /balzersArgentina Oerlikon Balzers Revestimentos Metálicos Ltda Av. Pablo Richieri, 4240Córdoba 5014Tel +54 351 /balzers/arBenelux Oerlikon Balzers Coating Benelux NV Schurhovenveld 4 050B-3800 Sint-Truiden Tel +32 11 69 30 /balzers/beBrasil Oerlikon Balzers Revestimentos Metálicos Ltda Rua Balzers, 250Parque Industrial – Jundiai-SP 13213-084Tel +55 11 2152 /balzers/brCanada Oerlikon Balzers Coating USA Inc.3250 Harvester Road Burlington, Ontario L7N 3W9Tel +1 905 631 /balzers/usChina Oerlikon Balzers Coating (Suzhou) Co., Ltd No.9 Chang Yang Street Suzhou Industry Park Suzhou, 215024Jiangsu Province, China Tel +86 512 676 /balzers/cnČeská Republika Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH organiza ční složka Červeny ´ K říž 250586 02 Jihlava Czech Republic Tel +420 561 201 /balzers/czDeutschland Oerlikon Balzers Coating Germany GmbH Am Ockenheimer Graben 41D-55411 Bingen Tel +49 67 21 7 /balzers/deEspaña Oerlikon Balzers-Elay Coating S.A.U.Antigua, 2E-20577 Antzuola Tel +34 9 /balzers/esFrance Oerlikon Balzers Coating France SAS 4 rue Louis de Broglie Parc d´Activités de l´Esplanade Saint Thibault des Vignes F-77462 Lagny-sur-Marne Cedex Tel +33 1 6412 49 /balzers/frIndia Oerlikon Balzers Coating India Ltd.EL-22, J Block M.I.D.C. Bhosari Pune 411 026Tel +91 20 3061 /balzers/inIndonesia PT Oerlikon Balzers Artoda Indonesia Kawasan Delta Silicon 2 Blok F5 No. 10A Lippo Cikarang, Cibatu Cikarang Selatan, Bekasi 17550Tel +62 21 8911 /balzersItalia Oerlikon Balzers Coating Italy S.p.A.Via Volturno, 37I-20047 Brugherio (MI)Tel +39 039 28 /balzers/itKorea Oerlikon Balzers Coating Korea Co., Ltd.Eyon-Hansan Industrial Park (5B-3, 4, 5)833-2 Hansan-ri Chongbuk-myeon Gyeonggi-do Pyongtaek City 451-833Tel +82 31 680 /balzers/krLiechtenstein OC Oerlikon Balzers AG Beschichtungszentrum Iramali 18LI-9496 Balzers Tel +423 388 /balzers/chMagyarország Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Magyarországi Fióktelepe Babér U. 6 (Alpa Ipari Zóna)H-8000 Székesfehérvár Tel +36 22 /balzers/huMéxico Oerlikon Balzers Coating México, S.A. de C.V.Acceso III No. 304 y 306Colonia Industrial La Montaña C.P. 76150Querétaro, Qro.Tel +52 442 209 68 /balzers/mxNippon Oerlikon Nihon Balzers Coating Co., Ltd.7-2-2 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-City,Kanagawa-Pref., Japan 254-0014Tel +81 463 /balzers/jpNordic Countries Oerlikon Balzers Sandvik Coating AB Årstaängsvägen 31 D-E SE-117 43 Stockholm Tel +46 8 681 /balzers/seÖsterreich Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Burgstallweg 27A-8605 Kapfenberg Tel +43 38 62 /balzers/atPolska Oerlikon Balzers Coating Poland Sp. z o.o.ul. Fabryczna 4PL-59-101 Polkowice Tel +48 76 746 48 /balzers/plPortugal Oerlikon Balzers-Elay Coating S.A.sucursal em Portugal Zona Industrial do Casal da Areia,Lote 17PT-2460-392 Alcobaça Tel +351 262 544 /balzers/ptRomania S.C. Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Kapfenberg Austria - Maracineni Branch Office Platforma …Europa 2“ sat Argeselu, nr. 537 bis - Hala 5Com. Maracineni Jud Arges - Romania RO-110195 Pidesti Tel +40 372 706 /balzers/roRussia Oerlikon Balzers RUS Ltd.Russian Federation, 144011Moscow Region, Elektrostal Lesnaya st, 8A.Tel +7 495 702 97 /balzersSchweiz/Suisse Oerlikon Balzers Coating SA, Brügg Erlenstrasse 39CH-2555 Brügg Tel +41 323 65 74 /balzers/chSingapore Oerlikon Balzers Coating Singapore Pte. Ltd.21 Kian Teck Drive Singapore 628838Tel +65 62 68 62 /balzers/sgThailand Oerlikon Balzers Coating (Thailand) Co., Ltd.Amata Nakorn Industrial Estate 700/38 Moo 6, T. Nongmaidaeng A. Muang Chonburi 20000Thailand Tel +66 38 468 810/-813www. /balzersTürkiye Oerlikon Balzers Kaplama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti Nosab 120. Sokak No. 716140 Nilüfer Bursa / Turkey Tel +90 224 411 00 /balzers/trUnited Kingdom Oerlikon Balzers Coating UK Ltd.Bradbourne Drive, Tilbrook,Milton Keynes, MK7 8AT Great Britain Tel +44 19 08 37 72 /balzers/ukUSA Oerlikon Balzers Coating USA, Inc.2511 Technology Drive Suite 114Elgin, IL 60124United States Tel +1 847 /balzers/us/balzersProperties of BALINIT ® coatings* depends on application and test conditions 1) Relative to TiAlNCC = Cemented carbide HSS = High-speed steel CBN = Cubic boron nitrideCuttingApplication recommendations for BALINIT ® coatingsLubricated machining Minimal-quantity lubrication (MQL)These recommendations are of a general nature. Precise values depend on the substrate, geometry, surface finish, and machining parameters.Coatable materialsMetallic materials such as high-speed steels, hot- and cold-working steels, stainless steels, heat-treatable steels, carbides and cermets can be coated.Heat treatment of toolsThe temperature in the final heat-treatment step (most commonly the tempering temperature in the case of steels) must be higher than the coating temperature.Surface conditions of toolsSurfaces must be in the bright condition. Tools must not be chrome-plated, burnished,steam-tempered or bath-nitrided. Ground surfaces must not display grinding cracks, oxide films or rehardening burns. Cutting edges must not have burrs. Polished surfaces must be free of polishing residues. Surfaces must be free of rust, chips, wax, adhesive tape, and paint. Tools must be demagnetised.Brazed toolsBrazed tools can be coated provided the filler metal has a melting point higher than 600°C and contains no cadmium.Packaging for shipmentTools are to be packaged in such a way that they will not be damaged by other objects or each other. The packaging has to be suitable for return shipment. On request, shipment can occur in coating fixtures. The use of transport grids for shank tools facilitates safe and cost-effective handling without the need for expensive individual packaging.Rust protectionTools should be coated lightly with water-displacing oil in order to safeguard them against rusting.Wear and success factorsForms of tool wearSuccess factors for coatingDIA = BALINIT ® DIAMONDFN = BALINIT ® FUTURA NANO FT BALINIT ® FUTURA TOP HE = BALINIT ® HELICA HL = BALINIT ® HARDLUBE T = BALINIT ® TRITON XC = BALINIT ® X.CEEDA = BALINIT ®AAD = BALINIT ® ALDURA AN = BALINIT ® ALNOVAAP = BALINIT ® ALCRONA PRO B = BALINIT ® BCS = BALINIT ® FUTURA CS。
常见涂层体系简介WS-008，不含六价铬的电镀层和非电解锌片涂层产品的交付规范。
该交付规范由WÜRTH集团于2019年7月8日发布，并在全球范围内所有子公司推行使用。
其目的是为了整合表面涂层类型，减少紧固件表面涂层种类，并提高表面涂层质量要求。
一、交付规范适用范围WS-008交付规范适用于WÜRTH集团所有ISO米制螺纹的螺栓、螺钉和螺母，所有非ISO米制螺纹紧固件以及无螺纹紧固件，如，垫圈、销、夹、铆钉等。
规范要求WS-008适用于依据本规范进行表面处理的紧固件，除非另有规定，此类紧固件的涂层体系仍需遵循标准ISO 4042(紧固件电镀涂层体系)和标准ISO 10683(紧固件非电解锌片涂层体系)的相关要求及检测程序。
上述标准要求被WÜRTH集团视为紧固件表面处理的最低要求。
也就是说WASI紧固件表面处理体系整体要求比相关的ISO标准更为严格，从而能更好的控制紧固件表面处理质量。
二、WS-008表面涂/镀层的命名WS-008表面涂/镀层的命名WS-008的涂/镀层命名是由涂/镀层金属简写、涂/镀层颜色简写、防腐等级简写、涂/镀层是否有调节摩擦系数的润滑层简写组成的，整体表述简洁明了，对于紧固件表面镀层的归纳分类起到很好的概括作用。
涂/镀层金属简写Z —电镀锌，Zinc，彩虹色钝化加封闭ZN—电镀锌镍合金，Zinc-Nickel，彩虹色钝化加封闭ZF —非电解锌片涂层，Zinc Flake涂/镀层颜色简写S—以银色为基础色的外观，SilverB—黑色外观，Black防腐等级简写M —中等防腐能力，MediumH—高等防腐能力，High润滑层简写L—润滑层，"VDA-润滑体系"，润滑和调节摩擦系数R —润滑层，"法国标准的润滑体系"，可以有效降低安装预紧力涂镀层表述实例例1：SCR-ISO 4014-8.8-(ZFSHL)-M10X100，表示该六角头螺栓的表面涂层为银色高防腐性能，带润滑层的非电解锌片涂层。
Cutting:Products and servicesProductivity gainsCoated cutting tools can be used with substantially higher cutting speeds and feeds than uncoated tools. This reduces machining times and thus costs per piece. Longer tool life means fewer tool replacements and thus reduced setupcosts.HSC and dry machiningHigh-speed cutting and dry machining generateconsiderable heat. Thanks to the thermal stability, hot hardness and oxidation resistance of the coating, theheat is dissipated via the chip.Hard machiningHard and wear-resistant coatings make it possible to machine hardened steels up to 70 HRC. Tools with defined cutting edges allow the finishing of hard work-pieces, thus eliminating the need for grinding.Difficult to cut materialsTitanium and nickel alloys as well as high-alloy steels are difficult to cut. Coatings with a low coefficient of friction and a low tendency of adhesion to the workpiece materialmake it easier to machine such materials.Re-coating offers even greater savingsIf resharpened tools are re-coated, they achieve the same performance as new coated tools and a longer total service life. Re-coating becomes a must if the service lives and cutting parameters prescribed for production lines are to bemaintained.Partners for regrindingRegrinding and recoating must occur rapidly and efficiently. Oerlikon Balzers cooperates closely with reputable toolgrinding specialists.Efficient logisticsIn most areas, Oerlikon Balzers offers a convenient pick-up service. Special transport containers eliminate the need to individually package the tools. Also, the order data can be transmitted digitally.BALINIT ® reduces costs in cutting applicationsHQ016EN (1210)We are at your service. World-wide.Headquarters OC Oerlikon Balzers AG Technology and Service Centre Iramali 18LI-9496 Balzers Liechtenstein T +41 81 784 /balzersArgentina Oerlikon Balzers Revestimentos Metálicos Ltda Av. Pablo Richieri, 4240Córdoba 5014T +54 351 /balzers/arBenelux Oerlikon Balzers Coating Benelux NV Schurhovenveld 4 050B-3800 Sint-Truiden T +32 11 69 30 /balzers/beBrazil Oerlikon Balzers Revestimentos Metálicos Ltda Rua Balzers, 250Parque Industrial – Jundiai-SP 13213-084T +55 11 2152 /balzers/brCanada Oerlikon Balzers Coating USA Inc.3250 Harvester Road Burlington, Ontario L7N 3W9T +1 905 631 /balzers/usChina Oerlikon Balzers Coating (Suzhou) Co., Ltd No.9 Chang Yang Street Suzhou Industry Park Suzhou, 215024Jiangsu Province, China T +86 512 676 /balzers/cnCzech Republic Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH organizační složka Červeny ´ K říž 250586 02 Jihlava T +420 561 201 /balzers/czGermany Oerlikon Balzers Coating Germany GmbH Am Ockenheimer Graben 41D-55411 Bingen T +49 67 21 7 /balzers/deSpain Oerlikon Balzers Coating Spain S.A.U.Antigua, 2E-20577 Antzuola T +34 9 /balzers/esFrance Oerlikon Balzers Coating France SAS P .A. des 3 Noyers 16 avenue James de Rothschild F-77164 Ferrières-en-Brie France T +33 1 64 12 49 /balzers/frIndia Oerlikon Balzers Coating India Ltd.EL-22, J Block M.I.D.C. Bhosari Pune 411 026T +91 20 3061 /balzers/inIndonesia PT Oerlikon Balzers Artoda Indonesia Kawasan Delta Silicon 2 Blok F5 No. 10A Lippo Cikarang, Cibatu Cikarang Selatan, Bekasi 17550T +62 21 8911 /balzersItaly Oerlikon Balzers Coating Italy S.p.A.Via Volturno, 37I-20047 Brugherio (MI)T +39 039 28 /balzers/itKorea Oerlikon Balzers Coating Korea Co., Ltd.Eyon-Hansan Industrial Park (5B-3, 4, 5)833-2 Hansan-ri Chongbuk-myeon Gyeonggi-do Pyongtaek City 451-833T +82 31 680 /balzers/krLiechtenstein OC Oerlikon Balzers AG Beschichtungszentrum Iramali 18LI-9496 Balzers T +423 388 /balzers/chHungary Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Magyarországi Fióktelepe Babér U. 6 (Alpa Ipari Zóna)H-8000 Székesfehérvár T +36 22 /balzers/huMalaysia Oerlikon Balzers Coating Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. - Regional Office No 21&23, Jalan PTP 1/6, Taman Perindustrian Tasik Perdana,Puchong, Selangor 47120T +603-8066 /balzersMexico Oerlikon Balzers Coating México, S.A. de C.V.Acceso III No. 304 y 306Colonia Industrial La Montaña C.P. 76150 - Querétaro, Qro.T +52 442 209 68 /balzers/mxJapan Oerlikon Nihon Balzers Coating Co., Ltd.7-2-2 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-City,Kanagawa-Pref., Japan 254-0014T +81 463 /balzers/jpNordic Countries Oerlikon Balzers Sandvik Coating AB Årstaängsvägen 31 D-E SE-117 43 Stockholm T +46 8 681 /balzers/seAustria Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Burgstallweg 27A-8605 Kapfenberg T +43 38 62 /balzers/atPoland Oerlikon Balzers Coating Poland Sp. z o.o.ul. Fabryczna 4PL-59-101 Polkowice T +48 76 746 48 /balzers/plPortugal Oerlikon Balzers Coating Spain S.A.U.Sucursal em Portugal Zona Industrial do Casal da Areia,Lote 17PT-2460-392 Alcobaça T +351 262 544 /balzers/ptRomania S.C. Oerlikon Balzers Coating Austria GmbH Kapfenberg Austria - Maracineni Branch Office Platforma …Europa 2“ sat Argeselu, nr. 537 bis - Hala 5Com. Maracineni Jud Arges - Romania RO-110195 Pidesti T +40 372 706 /balzers/roRussia Oerlikon Balzers RUS Ltd.Russian Federation, 144011Moscow Region, Elektrostal Lesnaya st, 8A.T +7 495 702 97 /balzersSwitzerland Oerlikon Balzers Coating SA, Brügg Erlenstrasse 39CH-2555 Brügg T +41 323 65 74 /balzers/chSingapore Oerlikon Balzers Coating Singapore Pte. Ltd.21 Kian Teck Drive Singapore 628838T +65 62 68 62 /balzers/sgThailand Oerlikon Balzers Coating (Thailand) Co., Ltd.Amata Nakorn Industrial Estate 700/38 Moo 6, T. Nongmaidaeng A. Muang Chonburi 20000T +66 38 468 810//balzersTurkey Oerlikon Balzers Kaplama Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Sti Nosab 120. Sokak No. 716140 Nilüfer Bursa T +90 224 411 00 /balzers/trUnited Kingdom Oerlikon Balzers Coating UK Ltd.Bradbourne Drive, Tilbrook,Milton Keynes, MK7 8AT Great Britain T +44 19 08 37 72 /balzers/ukUSA Oerlikon Balzers Coating USA, Inc.2511 Technology Drive Suite 114Elgin, IL 60124United States T +1 847 /balzers/us/balzersProperties of BALINIT ® coatings(...) = alternative coating CC = Cemented carbide HSS = High-speed steelCutting toolsApplication recommendations for BALINIT ® coatingsCoatable materialsMetallic materials such as high-speed steels, hot- and cold-working steels, stainless steels, heat-treatable steels, carbides and cermets can be coated.Heat treatment of toolsThe temperature in the final heat-treatment step (most commonly the tempering temperature in the case of steels) must be higher than the coating temperature.Surface conditions of toolsSurfaces must be in the bright condition. Tools must not be chrome-plated, burnished,steam-tempered or bath-nitrided. Ground surfaces must not display grinding cracks, oxide films or rehardening burns. Cutting edges must not have burrs. Polished surfaces must be free of polishing residues. Surfaces must be free of rust, chips, wax, adhesive tape, and paint. Tools must be demagnetised.Brazed toolsBrazed tools can be coated provided the filler metal has a melting point higher than 600°C and contains no cadmium.Packaging for shipmentTools are to be packaged in such a way that they will not be damaged by other objects or each other. The packaging has to be suitable for return shipment. On request, shipment can occur in coating fixtures. The use of transport grids for shank tools facilitates safe and cost-effective handling without the need for expensive individual packaging.Rust protectionTools should be coated lightly with water-displacing oil in order to safeguard them against rusting.Wear and success factorsForms of tool wearSuccess factors for coatingB = BALINIT ® BDIA = BALINIT ® DIAMONDHC = BALINIT ® HARD CARBON HL = BALINIT ® HARDLUBEA = BALINIT ® AAD = BALINIT ® ALDURA AN = BALINIT ® ALNOVAAP = BALINIT ® ALCRONA PRO LM = BALINIT ® LATUMA PT = BALINIT ® PERTURA T = BALINIT ®TRITONThese recommendations are of a general nature. Precise values depend on the substrate, geometry, surface finish, and machining parameters.。
巴尔查斯PVD涂层机的起弧保护方式近年来，随着中国工业经济的发展，PVD涂层业务也发展很快。
目前在国际市场上知名的PVD设备制造商有瑞士的巴尔查斯、德国的普拉提，荷兰的豪泽等。
其中巴尔查斯的涂层在国际上处于领先地位，市场占有率第一。
在PVD涂层工艺过程中，起弧保护是重要的保护之一，好的起弧保护措施可以有效的避免加工零件灼伤，从而最大限度的保护工件。
一、巴尔查斯PVD涂层机介绍巴尔查斯涂层设备最普遍的型号是BAI1200，在2006年后逐渐推出了新型号-INNOVA无论是BAI1200和INNOVA设备涂层原理都是一样的，都分为抽真空、刻蚀、涂层、冷却、检漏五个阶段。
其中最关键的阶段是刻蚀和涂层：刻蚀：是巴尔查斯涂层机特有的工艺。
由弧电源在阴极和辅助阳极间放电，对工艺气体- 氩气进行电离，从而形成氩气的等离子体。
等离子体中的带正电的氩离子在偏压电源产生的电场中进行加速，高速撞击工件的基体，把附在基体表面的氧化层打掉，从而增加了涂层的结合力。
涂层：金属蒸发源（靶源）作为阴极，在真空的条件下通过它与阳极腔体之间的弧光放电，使靶材蒸发并离化，形成空间等离子体。
等离子体中的金属正离子在偏压电场的牵引下，镀覆到工件基体表面形成涂层。
巴尔查斯涂层机的基本组成包括真空镀膜室、阴极弧源、离子室、辅助阳极、基片、负偏压电源、真空系统、起弧保护装置等。
二、“起弧”定义和判断原理“起弧”定义：在刻蚀和涂层阶段，由涂层电源提供等离子体，在等离子体中包含大量的正离子和电子，如果此时在基体和腔体之间加上负向偏压，则一部分正离子会被吸附到基体上，同时电子会被吸引到腔体，形成偏压电流。
正常情况下，偏压电流均匀分布到基体和腔体之间。
但是特殊情况下，偏压电流突然上升，并且大部分电流都从工件上某个特定位置流过，这种情况我们称之为“起弧”。
起弧现象会引起工件灼伤，严重甚至报废。
判断原理：正常情况下，在刻蚀阶段中的偏压电流为10-20A ，而在涂层阶段的偏压电流为30-50A。
序号涂层代号涂层材料涂层硬度（HV0.05）磨擦系数最大工作温度(°C)涂层颜色Recommended applications1 BALINIT® ATiN 2,300 0.4 600 gold-yellow*steel cutting*punching and forming (when workinglow-hardness materials)*moulds for the injection moulding ofplastics* plungers of diesel injection pumps* medical instruments2 BALINIT® ALCRONAAlCrN 3,200 0.35 1,100 blue-grey*Solid carbide end mills and carbideindexable inserts for roughing andfinishing* Carbide and HSS hobs* CBN indexable inserts for turning* Aluminium die casting* Hot forging3 BALINIT® ALDURA TiAlN + AlCrN-based 3,300 0.35 - 0.40 >1,100 blue-grey *On solid carbide end mills for roughing and finishing* Machining of hardened steels (>60 HRC)* High speed cutting (HSC)* Cutting of difficult-to-machine materials4 BALINIT® B TiCN 3,000 0.4 400 blue-grey * milling, punching and forming with high mechanical loads* working with interrupted cutting* punching and forming of ferritic and austenitic steels*plastic injection moulding (melts with abrasive fillers or high fibreglass content)5 BALINIT® C STAR CrN + a-C:H:W 1,000 /1,5000.1 – 0.2 300 anthracite* For components made of soft basematerials (titanium, nonferrous metalalloys, stainless steels)* For high surface pressures* Plain bearings* Gearings6 BALINIT® C WC/C (a-C:H:W) 碳化钨涂层1,500 /1,0000.1 - 0.2 300 anthracite* punching and forming (low-lubricantor dry working)* plastic injection moulding (dryrunning of movable tool components)* gears and ball bearings with highsurface pressure levels* precision components of highlystressed combustion engines* systems without lubrication (cleanroom or foodstuffs technology)* fluid technology components7 BALINIT® CNI CrN 1,750 0.5 700 silver-grey * valve gear components* piston rings* hydraulic pistons* components of textile machines * components for food processing machines8 BALINIT® CROVEGA CrN 1,750 0.5 700 silver-grey * bio-compatible and foodstuff-neutral * medical tools* plastic injection moulding*mirror polished moulds9 BALINIT® DCrN 1,750 0.5 700 silver-grey* machining of copper* semi-cold forming of steel and brass* metal die casting*plastic injection moulding (plasticsthat, during processing, outgaschlorine, fluorine or other aggressivevolatile contents)*mechanical engineering (housings,shafts)*titanium components in motor sportand in the aviation industry*10 BALINIT® DIAMONDCLASSICCrystalline diamond 10,000 --- 600 grey*machining of graphite (e.g. graphiteelectrodes, crucibles, boats)11 BALINIT® DIAMONDPLUSNanocrystallinediamond10,000 --- 600 grey*machining of fibre-reinforced plastics* machining of sandwich andcomposite materials* machining of aluminium alloys12 BALINIT® DLC STAR CrN + a-C:H > 2,000 0.1 - 0.2 350 black * Engine components (fuel injection systems, valve train components, piston assembly parts, etc.)* For soft base materials (titanium, aluminium, copper alloys, stainless steel)* Pumps and compressors (pistons, cylinders, valves, shaftfeed-throughs, etc.)* Textile machines* For components exposed to high mechanical loads13 BALINIT® DLC a-C:H > 2,000 0.1 - 0.2 350 black * Engine components (fuel injection systems, valve trains, pistons, etc.) * Sliding and rolling components (bearing shells, rollers)* Pumps and compressors (pistons, cylinders, valves, shaftfeed-throughs, etc.)* Textile machines* Medical technology* Lubricant-free systems14 BALINIT® FUTURANANOTiAlN 3,300 0.30 - 0.35 900 violet-grey* HSS and carbide tools exposed tohigh thermal stresses (drilling,turning, dry machining, HSC)* plastic injection moulding (mouldswith textured surfaces, processing ofmelts with fibreglass reinforcement)* combustion engine components15 BALINIT® FUTURATOPTiAlN 3,300 0.25 900 violet-grey* HSS and carbide tools exposed tohigh thermal stresses(drilling to depths > 3D, turning, drymachining, HSC)16 BALINIT®HARDLUBETiAlN + WC/C(a-C:H:W)3,000 0.15 - 0.20 800 dark grey* tapping and drilling in difficult tomachine materials* MQL (minimum quantity lubrication)or dry machining* punching and forming (protectionagainst cold welding)17 BALINIT® HELICAAlCr-based 3,000 0.25 1,100 copper* HSS and solid carbide twist drillswith internal or external cooling* in all common steel and cast ironqualities* deep-hole drilling with twist drills18 BALINIT®LUMENATiAlN 3,400 0.30 - 0.35 900 violet-grey*plastic injection moulding (mouldswith textured surfaces, processing offibreglass-reinforced plastics)* moulds for plastics processingmade of steels with low hardness (>40 HRC)* sheet metal forming of high strengthmaterials* die casting19 BALINIT® MICRANTiAlN 3,300 0.30 - 0.35 900 violet-grey* machining of very small parts andstructures (e.g. watchmaking andelectronics industries, medicalequipment, mould-making)20 BALINIT® TRITON a-C:H 2,500 0.10 - 0.20 350 black *machining of non-ferrous metals (especially aluminium and Al alloys <9% Si), composite materials and plastics*punching and forming withhigh-loads*plastic injection moulding (processing of highly abrasive plastics, movable mould parts)21 BALINIT® X.CEED AlTiN 3,300 0.4 900 blue-grey *machining of materials that are difficult to work (titanium alloys, Inconel)*hard machining > 52 HRC*HSC22 BALINIT® X.CELL TiCrN 2,100 0.5 700 dark grey *tools for demanding sheet metal forming。
