科技英语复习资料2.0

信息技术2.0能力点7高中英语全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Sister's English ClassMy big sister Jessica is in high school now, and she's taking this really cool English class! It's all about using computers and the internet to learn English in fun new ways. I got to go to her school one day and see what they were doing. It was so awesome!First, the teacher had them get onto these education websites and play all sorts of games and activities. There were word games, listening activities with videos and songs, reading comprehension passages, you name it! The websites kept track of what they got right and wrong so the teacher could see what each student needed to work on more.But the best part was when they did projects using all these awesome web tools. Jessica's group had to create a virtual tour video of their hometown to share with a school in another country. They used this cool movie-making software that let them record video, add photos, put in music, and do all sorts ofsnazzy effects. Then they uploaded it to a video sharing site so the other school could watch it.Another group wrote and recorded their own radio play audio drama thingy. They developed the whole story themselves, and used this program that let them record different voices for each character part. There were sound effects and background music too. When it was done, they posted it as a podcast that anyone could listen to!My favorite was Jessica's group project though. They had to design their own language-learning video game! How cool is that?? They used this game-maker program to build different levels and worlds, adding their own graphics, characters, obstacles, you name it. And get this - to advance through the levels, you had to answer English vocabulary and grammar questions correctly!The students could get so creative with their games. Jessica's had this whole fantasy story about battling ogres and dragons to rescue a princess. But the ogres spoke in idioms, and you had to figure out what they meant to beat them. The dragons guarded these treasure chests, and you needed the right vocab word keys to unlock them. It looked hard but crazy fun!All the students shared their games online at the end so other classes could try them out. I couldn't believe how much advanced technology they got to use. Jessica said it made learning English so much more engaging than just reading from a textbook.There were a bunch of other awesome activities they did too, like video chatting with students from other countries to practice conversational English. Or using translation programs and multi-lingual dictionaries to analyze different language structures. They even coded their own basic language-learning apps and websites to share with each other!I was just blown away by all the incredible computer skills Jessica and her classmates were picking up, on top of becoming fluent in English. Things are so different from when I was learning my ABCs and counting to 10. Give me that video game English class any day!篇2Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 10 years old. I love learning about technology and today I want to tell you all about this really cool thing called Information Technology 2.0 AbilityPoint 7. It's kind of a mouthful, so let's just call it IT 2.0 AP7 for short.IT 2.0 AP7 is all about using computers and the internet to communicate and work together with people from all over the world. Isn't that amazing? With IT 2.0 AP7, you can chat with your friends who live on the other side of the planet, or even team up with kids in different countries to do school projects together!One of the most important parts of IT 2.0 AP7 is something called "online collaboration tools." These are special websites and computer programs that let multiple people work on the same thing at the same time. For example, let's say you and your best friend are writing a story for English class. With an online collaboration tool like Google Docs, you can both type on the same document even though you're not in the same room. Cool, right?Another big part of IT 2.0 AP7 is something called "cloud computing." The cloud is like a huge computer up in the sky that stores all your files and documents so you can access them from any device with an internet connection. That way, you don't have to carry around a flash drive or email yourself files anymore. Everything is just there, floating in the cloud, whenever you need it!Speaking of the internet, IT 2.0 AP7 also covers things like online research skills and figuring out if the information you find online is trustworthy and accurate. Nowadays, there's a ton of information out there on the web, but not all of it is true or reliable. IT 2.0 AP7 teaches you how to be a super cybersleuth and separate the good stuff from the fake news and misinformation.But IT 2.0 AP7 isn't just about computers and the internet. It also involves working well with others, even if they're from a totally different culture or background than you. When you're collaborating online with people from around the globe, you have to be respectful of their traditions and perspectives. It's about building bridges between people, not walls.For example, let's say you're video chatting with students from Japan as part of a group project. You might notice that they tend to be quieter and more polite than your American classmates. Instead of getting frustrated, IT 2.0 AP7 teaches you to be patient, listen carefully, and appreciate cultural differences. Working across cultures can be hard sometimes, but it's also really cool and helps everyone broaden their horizons.Another thing I really like about IT 2.0 AP7 is that it gets you ready for the future job market. Nowadays, more and morecompanies have employees who work remotely from home or do business with clients and partners in other countries. With strong IT 2.0 AP7 skills, you'll be a total pro at online teamwork, digital communications, and navigating global cultures from day one on the job.Overall, IT 2.0 AP7 is helping prepare the next generation (that's us kids!) to become responsible digital citizens who can use technology in positive ways to connect with others and make the world a little bit smaller. We're the first true "global generations" in history thanks to the internet and IT 2.0 AP7 is giving us the skills we need to thrive in this hyper-connected reality.So what do you think? Are you excited to start leveling up your IT 2.0 AP7 abilities? Let me know if you have any other questions! Technology is the future and mastering IT 2.0 AP7 will give you a huge head start. Now if you'll excuse me, I have to go video chat with my friends in Australia about our science fair project. Travel the world without leaving your room - gotta love IT 2.0 AP7!篇3Title: My Fun Adventures with Technology and English!Hi there! My name is Timmy, and I'm a 10-year-old boy who loves to learn about all sorts of cool stuff, especially when it comes to technology and English. You see, in my school, we have this really neat program called "Information Technology 2.0 Competency Point 7 High School English," and let me tell you, it's been a blast!Now, I know what you're thinking: "Ugh, English and technology? That sounds so boring!" But trust me, it's way more exciting than it seems. You see, in this program, we get to use all sorts of awesome gadgets and gizmos to help us learn English in the most fun and interactive ways imaginable!One of my favorite things we do is called "digital storytelling." Basically, we get to create our own little stories or comics using these really cool apps on our tablets or computers. We can add in pictures, animations, and even record our own voices narrating the story. It's like making our very own movies or cartoons, but with a language-learning twist!And you know what the best part is? We get to share our creations with our classmates and even with kids from other schools around the world! It's like having pen pals, but way cooler because we can see and hear each other's stories come to life. Sometimes, we even collaborate on projects together, whichmeans we get to work as a team with kids from different countries and cultures. How awesome is that?Another really cool thing we do is called "virtual field trips." Basically, we get to explore different places and learn about different cultures and traditions, all from the comfort of our classroom. We can take virtual tours of famous museums, historical sites, or even go on virtual safaris and explore the natural world! And the best part? We get to do it all in English, which means we're learning new vocabulary and expressions without even realizing it.But that's not all! We also get to play all sorts of fun educational games and apps that help us practice our English skills in a super engaging way. Whether it's spelling games, grammar quizzes, or even just silly little word puzzles, we're always learning and having a blast at the same time.And you know what the coolest part is? Sometimes, we even get to chat with native English speakers from around the world using video conferencing tools. It's like having a real-life language exchange partner, but without ever having to leave our classroom! We get to learn about their culture, ask them questions, and practice our speaking and listening skills in a real-world context.And the best part? We're not just learning English – we're also becoming super tech-savvy in the process! We're learning how to use all sorts of cool tools and apps, how to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly, and how to collaborate and communicate with people from all over the globe.So, if you ever get a chance to join a program like "Information Technology 2.0 Competency Point 7 High School English," my advice is: go for it! It's a whole new world of learning and adventure, and trust me, you're going to have a blast. Who knows, maybe you'll even become the next big tech genius or world-famous author someday!Well, that's all for now, folks. Time for me to log off and go play some more educational games or chat with my virtual pen pals. See you around, and happy learning!篇4IT Magic Tricks for High School English!Hi friends! I'm going to tell you all about some super cool IT magic tricks that can help you with English in high school. It's important stuff, but I'll keep it fun, I promise!First up, let's talk about something called "learning analytics". That just means using numbers and data to understand how you're doing in your English class. It's like having a special spyglass that lets you see your progress! With learning analytics, your teacher can look at your grades, how much time you spend on assignments, which topics give you trouble, and more. Then they can make a game plan to help you improve in the areas where you're struggling.Next, we have "adaptive learning". This is where your lessons actually change and morph based on your needs! It's like having a magical textbook that can shapeshift. If you're breezing through vocabulary, your textbook will make that part easier and spend more time on the grammar that's tripping you up. Isn't that cool? It makes sure you don't waste time on stuff you already know while giving you bonus practice where you need it most.Now for my favorite: "virtual reality and augmented reality"! With VR, you can transport yourself to any english-speaking country in the world from your classroom. One minute you're practicing conversations in a Parisian cafe, the next you're touring London and hearing all the different accents! AR is awesome too - it lets you see holograms and animations thatteach you things in 3D. You could watch a hologram teacher act out dialogue between characters. Or point your tablet at a textbook page and see the wordscome alive! This type of immersive tech is a total game-changer.Those IT capabilities are just the start - there's so much other cool stuff like online collaboration tools, gamified apps that make practicing fun, and AI tutors. The future of learning English is going to be a blast! I bet years from now, students will look back and say "Thank goodness we had those IT superpowers back in the day to make English easier." I can't wait to see what other technological magic tricks they come up with next!Well, that's all from me! I hope you're just as excited as I am about using IT to make your high school English journey awesome. Let me know if you have any other questions! Study hard, play hard, and enjoy the magic of 21st century learning!篇5My Big Adventures in High School English!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. Today I'm going to tell you all about my big journey learning high school English! It's been quite the adventure let me tell you.It all started when my parents told me I needed to start preparing for the future. They said things like "You need to develop your IT 2.0 skills" and "English will be super important when you're older." At first, I didn't know what any of that meant. IT 2.0? English? It all sounded like a bunch of grown-up nonsense to me.But then my parents signed me up for these special English lessons. They were different than the English I was learning at my regular school. The teacher, Ms. Jackson, was really nice but also kind of strict. She said we had to master things called "skill points" and the first one was all about high school English!On the first day, Ms. Jackson handed out these huge books that looked older than my grandpa. "These are real high school English textbooks from a few years ago," she told the class. My eyes just about popped out of my head! How was I supposed to read books that looked older than a dinosaur?But Ms. Jackson said we were going to take it step-by-step. She started off explaining all the basics of English grammar and vocabulary. Things like verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and more. At times it got a little confusing with all the big fancy words. But Ms. Jackson was a great teacher and made sure we understood it all.Then we started reading through the high school books, a little bit at a time. The readings were all about complex topics like philosophy, history, science, and more. I'll be honest, a lot of it just went straight over my head at first. Words I had never heard of like "didactic" and "quintessential." Writings by super deep thinkers like Shakespeare, Nietzsche, and Orwell. Definitely a step up from the picture books I was used to!But slowly, bits and pieces started making sense. Ms. Jackson would go through each reading super carefully. She'd explain what all the big vocabulary words meant. She'd give context on who the writers were and what they were talking about. Little by little, I felt myself getting better at understanding and analyzing the writings, just like a high school student would.Reading and understanding was one thing, but then came writing and putting those high school skills into practice ourselves. Yikes, let me tell you, that was the hard part! Ms. Jackson would assign us to write long essays, short stories, poetry analysis, and more - just like real high school assignments. My hand would cramp up after just a few sentences as I tried to remember everything about grammar rules, essay structure, literary devices, and more.I'll never forget the time I had to write a 5 paragraph persuasive essay on whether or not kids should have homework.I slaved over that essay for weeks, letting my imagination go wild with arguments, examples, and carefully constructed paragraphs. When I finally read my final draft out loud to the class, I felt like a little Shakespeare myself!As the months went on, the readings and writings just kept getting harder and harder. But something amazing happened - I actually started enjoying it! Analyzing those deep,thought-provoking writings was like a fun puzzle to solve. Flexing my writing muscles to craft a beautiful descriptive story was like creating a little work of art.Before I knew it, I had made my way through pretty much that entire high school English textbook cover-to-cover. Essays, short answers, multiple choice tests - you name it, I did it. Ms. Jackson said I had mastered "IT 2.0 Skill Point 7" and was reading, writing and comprehending at a twelfth grade level. OMG, I felt so accomplished!Was it easy? Heck no! There were plenty of times I got frustrated and felt like giving up. But I stuck with it because I knew developing my English skills would open up so many opportunities for me later in life. Ms. Jackson said it would helpme get into a great college, land an awesome job, and even travel the world. Who knows, maybe I'll be an author or English professor someday!Well, there you have it - my long, exciting, sometimes mind-boggling journey through high school English as an8-year-old kid. If you asked me a year ago if I thought I could do something so advanced, I would have said "No way, Jose!" But now I feel like a bonafide little English scholar.Us kids are a lot smarter and capable than grown-ups think. With hard work, determination, and a great teacher, we can take on any challenge - even mastering skills way beyond our years. So parents, sign your kids up for those IT 2.0 courses! Who knows what incredible things they'll be able to accomplish. The world is our oyster!Okay, I'll stop rambling now. Thanks for reading about my big English adventure. Time for me to go play video games and act like a regular 8-year-old again. Until next time!篇6Title: Unleashing Your Tech Superpowers with IT 2.0!Hey there, tech troopers! Are you ready to dive into the exciting world of Information Technology 2.0? Get ready to unleash your inner tech genius and supercharge your English skills at the same time!First things first, let's talk about what IT 2.0 is all about. You see, in today's digital age, technology is like a trusty sidekick that helps us conquer all sorts of challenges. From chatting with friends across the globe to exploring virtual worlds and unlocking mind-boggling mysteries, tech has our backs!Now, when it comes to IT 2.0, we're talking about taking your tech skills to the next level. It's like leveling up in your favorite video game, but instead of slaying dragons or rescuing princesses, you'll be mastering the art of using technology to communicate, collaborate, and create like a boss!Let's start with communication. In the world of IT 2.0, you'll learn how to harness the power of digital tools to express yourself clearly and effectively. Imagine being able to craft emails, presentations, or even your own blog posts that captivate your audience and make them hang on to every word. It's like having a superpower that lets you share your thoughts and ideas with the world!But that's not all, my tech-savvy friends! IT 2.0 also teaches you how to collaborate like a pro. Gone are the days of working alone in a dark, musty basement (unless you're into that sort of thing). With IT 2.0, you'll master the art of teamwork, using cutting-edge tools to brainstorm, share ideas, and work together seamlessly, no matter where your team members are located.And let's not forget about creation! IT 2.0 empowers you to unleash your creativity and bring your wildest ideas to life. Whether you're crafting stunning digital art, coding your own games, or even designing mind-blowing websites, the sky's the limit when you have IT 2.0 in your toolbelt.Now, you might be thinking, "But wait, what does all this have to do with English?" Well, my tech-tastic friends, the answer is simple: communication, collaboration, and creation are all about expressing yourself clearly and effectively, and what better way to do that than by mastering the English language?With IT 2.0, you'll learn how to use English like a pro in all your tech endeavors. From crafting persuasive emails to collaborating with international teammates, and even presenting your creations to the world, your English skills will be your secret weapon for success.So, are you ready to unlock your tech superpowers and take your English skills to new heights? Buckle up, because the journey of IT 2.0 is about to begin! Together, we'll explore the endless possibilities of technology, unleash our creativity, and conquer the world (or at least the digital realm) one byte at a time.Get ready to level up, tech troopers! IT 2.0 is calling, and your adventure awaits!。

Unit 1、2 科技英语基础知识resistance 电阻值、current 电流、charge 电荷，充电、circuit 电路、relay 继电器，中继器，中转站、antenna 天线field （电，磁）场、filter 滤波器、coherent 相干的，相关的、burst 脉冲、envelope 包络, 包迹、network 网络、spectrum 频谱、rectifier 整流器、regulator 稳压器、modulator 调制器、flip-flop 触发器、potential 电位、carrier 载波, 载流子、determinant 行列式、line 电线, 电网conductor 导体inductance 电感introduce 引入, 介绍Unit 3 Electrical Technique（电子技术）Passage Binary System and Logic Systems（二进制系统和逻辑系统）1.Binary SystemA digital system functions in a binary manner.It employs devices which exist only in two possible states. A transistor is allowed to operate at cutoff or in saturation, but not in its active region. A node may be at a high voltage of, say, 4±1 V or at a low voltage of, say, 0.2±0.2 V, but no values are allowed. Various designations are used for these two quantized states, and the most common are listed in Table 3.1. In logic, a statement is characterized as true or false, and this is the first binary classification listed in the table. A switch may be closed or open, which is the notation under 9, etc. Binary arithmetic and mathematical manipulation of switching or logic functions are best carried out with classification 3, which involves two symbols, 0(zero) and 1(one).1二进制一个数字系统作用于二进制方式下。

Definition of EST●It refers to any piece of spoken or written English language dealing with science and technology.●EST explains its contents through using lots f scientific and technical terminologies and signs, and frequently drawing support from graphs and pictures.●It is a language used by the scientists and technicians in a special situation. It is of informational, communicative style, which is different from General English and Literary English in style, including vocabulary, syntax, discourse and aesthetics.●In short, EST lays stress on the description of objective things, on the judgment of facts or on the reasoning of logical concepts, probing into the real value of the objective world. Therefore, it shows accuracy, logicality and objectivity.Characteristics of EST●EST, as a special English style, emphasizes exactness, science, logicality, and compactness and has unique language structures.●Its language aims for an accurate, objective, logical and concise style. Its sentences are logical in their meanings and interact to each other.Main features of EST in grammar●The application of nominalization;●Non-personal subject;●Long sentences;●Passive voice;●Omission.Style of EST●Accuracy●Objectivity e.g.●Logicality e.g.●ConcisenessC●In conclusion we can see that there are mainly four features in EST: theyare accuracy, objectivity, logicality, and conciseness. These features are reflected on every facet of vocabulary, syntax and discourse, etc. But generally speaking, their relationships influence and interact each other. Lexical characteristics of EST●EST vocabulary can be divided into three categories according to its meanings and functions:highly technical words or terminologies;semi-/sub-technical words;non-technical words.●Technical words refer to the words that can exactly explain definite concepts in a specific field of science and technology.●Sub-technical words, also known as semi-technical words are defined as context-dependent words that occur with high frequency across disciplines.e.g.●Non-technical words tend to occur particularly frequent in technical English. Stransmission●“发射, 播送“ in radio engineering;●“传动，变速” in mechanical engineering;●“透射“ in physics;●“遗传” in medicine.lSyntactical Characteristics●Extensive use of passive voice●Frequent use of Non-personal Subject●Frequent use of long sentencesExtensive use of passive voice●Passive voice is a n important means to express EST’s objectivity. The use of the passive voice mainly concerns information construction to emphasize the subject and its objectivity.●Passive is clearer in meaning and more concise in structure. It allows scientists to introduce the most important information at the beginning. Frequent use of Non-personal Subject●Using impersonal subject will simplify the structure of the sentences and make the structures smooth. EST writings are aimed at giving an objective description or narration of a certain thing to show its scientific nature.e.g.●The information technology is finding growing application in modern warfare.●The use of electronic computers has moderated these problems somewhat in the area of programming and manufacturing of decision elements.Frequent use of long sentences●Contrary to the computer engineers’ initial predictions that if the dictionaries were large enough and the lexicography good enough, then the programs would be able to do quality translation, the natural language we speak and write, with all their exceptions and ambiguities, their subtleties and idiosyncrasies, are far more complex than this statement suggests, and have proved to be beyond the capabilities of computer technology.●The performance of the navigation system was compared with two existing algorithms, and the experimental result showed that the proposed architecture provides an efficient and flexible solution for higher level control problems.Discourse characteristics●The discourses of EST are required to be precise and simple in language, compact in structure, careful and thorough in reasoning and nicety in conclusion.●Mercury is the smallest of the nine major planets. It is also the nearest to the sun. its average distance from the sun is approximately 60 million kilometers. It takes 88 days to complete one revolution. Its mass is 1/20 of the earth. It also has no atmosphere. It probably does not rotate, so that the side facing the sun is extremely hot and the hidden side is extremely cold.●an EST discourse characterized with correctness, requires precise description, otherwise the scientific information could not be efficiently transmitted.●What’s more, and EST discourse usually consists of one or more conceptual paragraphs, combined by connectors, and/or deep logical relations, form and organic whole, i.e. text.●Astigmatism in the electron microscope arises from two sources: from the lenses themselves; and from dirty apertures (which are only 25 to 50 microns in diameter) in the objective lens. In both cases the astigmatism can be corrected by a skilled operator. In effect, the electron microscope achieves its superior resolution more in spite of, than because of, its lenses. Two practical rules:●Grasping the main theme (the kernel component) and understanding how the paragraph is developed (what rhetoric functions employed.)I. A comparison of words in English and Chinese●Applied to the translation of words and phrases, the “analysis of the logic of thinking” method is to find out t he similarities and differences between English and Chinese in the use of words and phrases in the context, in connection with the author’s clue of thoughts.The most evident differences in words between English and Chinese are as follows.●English people tend to make abstract thinking while Chinese people are likely to think in a more concrete way. Because of the abstract thinking, words in English tend to stretch in meaning, with more flexible usages. Usually, an English word does not have a clear-out boundary to the meaning or function. However, the part of speech, meaning and usage of Chinese words are more concrete and stable.1. Part of speech●In English, it is very common for a word to be used as different parts of speech.●For example, shoulder mean s “肩膀” in the sentence “I patted him on the shoulder.” But it means “承担” in the sentence “We should be ready toshoulder the responsibility”.2 There are more polysemous words in English than in Chinese●“words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words”.●It is difficult to determine what a word means without the context.●Therefore, analysis of the logical relationship in the context is very important for the correct understanding of English words.Examples:●Children usually love stories about animals.●孩子们一般都喜欢关于小动物的故事。

科技英语综合复习资料考试题型：1. 阅读理解，占40分；2. 选择题，20分；3. 完形填空20分；4. 翻译，20分。

Part I Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are twelve passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIf you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank who sponsors the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don’t have to carry much cash. This saves your trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also, if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don’t have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are a big business. Americans spend $16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit companies charge their members annual dues. The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company — a percentage of purchase price of the merchandise or service. In return, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments.However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting overdue payments from unreliable customers. Also, the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers’ account.Yet, in many ways, the big loser in the credit card system is not the credit card company, the store, or the card user, but rather the general customer. The store makes up for the fees it pays to the credit card company by increasing prices for goods and services. Stores may have more sales if they accept cards, but the added cost to the store when credit cards are accepted instead of cash, is actually passed on to all customers in higher prices. In this way the cash customer suffers for the convenience the credit card customer enjoys.Many feel that it will only be a matter of time before credit cards completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses. In such a credit card economy there would be only one ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ and each individual would be given his or her card. Each person’s Social Security number would be used as the card number. Firms would use their Federal Identification number. Thus, every individual would be able to pay for everything by credit card —newspapers, cab fares, donations, tools, theater admissions, tuition, children’s allowances, everything. All salary payments would be credited to each individual’s account with the ―super-credit-card-bank-company‖ which would pay one’s bills, deduct state and federal taxes, and deposit what’s left —if anything —into a savings account. Just think of the convenience of getting rid of cash and checks and even eliminating loose change. No need, then, to worry as before, when you wanted to buy a newspaper and you only had a $20 bill.However, with a complete credit card economy, there would still be the problem of thefts of cards, forging of card and lost cards, so the credit card is really not that practical. Something else is needed that is small, always with us, cannot be forged, and easily identifies our account. The answer is your thumbprint; everyone’s thumbprint would be recorded with his or her Social Security number.1. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.A. how the credit card company worksB. how the credit card company pays the bankC. the advantages of the credit cardD. the disadvantages of the credit card2. According to Paragraph 1, if you have a credit card, you will have to pay a small service charge to ______.A. the credit card companyB. the store where you purchase goodsC. the bank where you deposit moneyD. other customers3. From Paragraph 3 we know that the big loser in the credit card system is ______.A. the general customerB. the storeC. the card userD. the credit card company4. The author thinks that credit cards ______.A. will completely disappear in the futureB. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses quicklyC. will completely replace cash and checks for both individuals and businesses sooner or laterD. will not replace cash and checks because there is a matter of time5. From the author’s point of view, the credit card is ______.A. perfect and practicalB. not easily forgedC. still faced with some problems and not so practicalD. more practical than one’s thumbprintPassage TwoSome people argue that the pressure on international sportsmen and sports women kill the essence of sports -- the pursuit of personal excellence. Children kick a football around for fun. When they get older and play for local school teams, they become competitive but they still enjoy playing. The individual representing his country cannot afford to think about enjoying himself; he has to think only about winning. He is responsible for an entire nation's hopes, dream and reputation. A good example is the football World Cup. Football is the world's most important sport. It is even more important now that the United States is seriously taking it up. Winning the World Cup is perhaps the summit of international sporting success. Mention "Argentina‖ to someone and the chances are that he'll think of football. In a sense, winning the World Cup "put Argentina on the map".Sports fans and supporters get quite irrational about the World Cup. People in England felt that their country was somehow important after they won in 1966. Last year thousands of Scots sold their cars, and even their houses, and spent all their money traveling to Argentina, where the finals were played.So, am I arguing that international competition kills the idea of sport? Certainly not! Do the Argentinians really believe that because eleven of their men proved the most skillful at football, their nation is in every sense better than all others? Not really. But it's nice to know that you won, and that in one way at least your country is best.1. What’s the author’s main purpose in the passage ?A) To prove that football is the world's most important sport.B) To show that Argentina is better than all others.C) To compare Scotland with Argentina.D) To explain the role of sport.2. In the second paragraph, the word ―summit‖ means ______.A) highest point B) mountain topC) award D) summary3. According to the passage, Argentina is world-famous because of its ______.A) large number of sports fans and supportersB) success in the football World CupC) obvious position on the mapD) excellence at all important sports4. According to the passage, if a sportsman only thinks about winning, he will ______.A) fail to succeed B) be successfulC) lose enjoyment D) be irrational5. What is the author's attitude towards international games?A) Nations that meet on a football field are unlikely to meet on a battlefield.B) Nations that won football World Cup are regarded best in all aspects.C) Nations that win in international games prove best on the sports field at least.D) Nations that give much attention to international competitions are world-famous in many ways.Passage ThreeAs evidence that the earth’s atmosphere is warming continues to accumulate, scientists are making slow progress toward an answer to the big question raised by the evidence: How much of the warming is due to human activity and how much to natural causes?The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the group of scientists widely considered the most authoritative voice on the subject, has already concluded that there is a ―discernible human influence‖ on the global climate. Now the panel is deep into another of its periodic full-scale scientific assessments of global climate change.Some experts on the problem say the human imprint on climate is becoming clearer, and may even have been the dominant factor in the global warming of recent decades. Not everyone agrees and virtually all experts say that in any case, a reliable estimate of the human imprint’s magnitude still remains some distance off.A number of influences, both natural and man-made, cause the planet’s temperature to vary. The natural ones include changes in solar radiation, and sulfate droplets called aerosols cast aloft by erupting volcanoes, which cool the atmosphere by reflecting sunlight.The human influence stems mostly from emissions of waste industrial gases like carbon dioxide, which trap heat in the atmosphere, and sulfate aerosols from industrial smokestacks.Human factors appeared to be playing a part, but no judgment has been made on whether that part was big, small or in between.One recent piece of evidence suggesting a strong human influence, which seems like to carry some weight with the intergovernmental panel, appeared recently in the journal Nature. Scientists analyzed the global climate record of the last century in an effort to isolate and quantify the major factors producing the century’s rise of about 1 degree Fahrenheit in t he Earth’s average surface temperature.The research team found that in the earlier part of the century, the rise could be explained either by an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and heat-trapping greenhouse gases emitted by industrial economies. But they found that after the mid-1970s, when abo ut half the century’s warming took place, that warming resulted largely from the greenhouse gases. Other researchers have lately come to a similar conclusion.―The study represents another jigsaw puzzle piece,‖ said one expert. ―There is still a long way to go in completing the puzzle,‖ he said, ―but we are beginning to see the smile on the face of the Mona Lisa, I think—or perhaps it should be a frown.‖Meanwhile, though, evidence of warming and its effects continues to mount. Earlier this year, scientists at the University of Massachusetts and the University of Arizona reconstructed the average annual surface temperature trend of the Northern Hemisphere for the last 1000 years. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.This and other analyses have found that the warmest years of all occurred in the 1990s, with 1998 the warmest on record. El Nino, the great pool of warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean that from time to time heats the atmosphere and disrupts weather patterns, was responsible for some of the 1998 heating. An analysis, however, has shown that when El Nino’s effects are filtered out of the global temperature record statistically, 1998 still ranks as the warmest year.Two studies reported in Nature last month suggest that the warming is being reflected in patterns of wildlife behavior and distribution. In one study, 13 scientists analyzed distribution patterns of 35 species, their range of habitat had shifted northward by 35 to 240 kilometers coincidentally with Europe’s warming trend.In the other study, some British scientists analyzed the nesting habits of 20 species of birds in Britain. They found that, again coincident with a recent warming trend, the birds were laying their eggs earlier in the spring. This is the latest in a series of studies indicating that meteorological spring is coming earlier in the Northern Hemisphere[5]. Some have also shownthat fall is coming later.A third study in Nature reported, on the basis of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, that present-day atmospheric levels of heating-trapping carbon dioxide were higher than at any other time in the last 420000 years. At 360 parts per million, they are 20 percent higher than in any previous warm period between ice ages and double the typical concentrations during an ice age.1. The earth’s atmosphere is warming, ______.A. mainly because of human factorB. mainly because of natural causesC. the reason of which is completely unknownD. which is being studied by scientists2. Maybe sulfate aerosols are all caused by ______.A. erupting volcanoesB. industrial smokestacksC. both A and BD. none of the above3. Which of the following is TRUE?A. About half of the 20th century’s rise in average global climate resulted mostly from the greenhouse gases.B. Half of the 20th century warming took place in the last thirty years.C. The 20th century is the warmest in the last one thousand years.D. All of the above.4. The global climate rise in the earlier part of the 20th century is due to ______.A. an increase in solar radiation onlyB. greenhouse gasesC. eruption of volcanoesD. either an increase in solar radiation or a combination of stronger solar radiation and greenhouse effect5. According to the study of bubbles of atmospheric gas contained in ice cores extracted from the Antarctic ice sheet, we can infer that ______.A. present-day climate is the warmest in historyB. present-day climate is 20 percent hotter than that of the last 420 000 yearsC. present-day climate is twice hotter than that of an ice ageD. in 1998 the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere are the highest on recordPassage FourThe current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an ―oil weapon‖ by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a ―security margin‖ in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies ofequipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.1. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries2. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B. Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.3. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices4. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC. realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests5. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage FiveNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, thoughthis is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive ―computers‖ will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to bo th emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, the Internet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s inform ation will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning reliably. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challe nge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundantwith information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.1. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance2. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants3. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life4. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict5. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.A. doubtfulB. cheerfulC. biasedD. depressedPassage SixI spent some of the most exciting days of my life wor king on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save。

科技英语复习资料太原理工大学复习资料（你懂的）（本版原题不多）一：下面这些论文标题是否合适？如果不合适，请修改：1、Study on Emission of Glasshouse Gases during Coking Process（合适）2、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation（合适）3、Experimental mine and laboratory dust explosion research at NIOSH（合适）4、Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems are compared（错误）（改为comparison of Bioclogging effects in anturated porous media within one- and two-dimensional flow systems ）5、Methods for preparing and monitoring of heavy media in coal beneficiation （合适）6、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans （错误）（Have是动词，改为Harmful Effrcts of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans。

7、A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal is developed（错误）（改为Development of +A characterisitic floation cleaning index for fine coal ）8、Development and prospect of classification technology and equipment（合适）9、Research and Designing of Distance Education based on JEE.（合适）10、Auditory Perspectives(透视) of Different Types of Music （合适）11、Electromagnetic Fields Have Harmful Effects on Humans改为Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans12、How to Use Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid(半干旱) Land 改为Using Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land13、Water Quality Can Be Protected Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education改为Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education14、The Single Community Concept：A Model for Adult Environmental Education （合适）15、Physics and Art：Conceptual Linkages Can Be Uncovered改为 Physics and Art： Uncovering Conceptual Linkages16、Yellow Fever‘s(黄热病)Effect on Transportation and Commerce（合适）17、Diamond Is Used for Electronic Devices 改为Use of Diamond for Electric Devices （合适）18、The Nature of Student Science Project Is Compared with Educational Goals for Science改为 The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science19、 A Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Cornell University （合适）20、The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ⅲ，Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and Acquired(后天的) Immune Deficiency Syndrome(综合症) Populations： A Statistical Analysis改为The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicabilityto the Mentally Ill，HIV and AIDS Populations：A Statistical Analysis 二：文献类型及代码1、专著【M】2、论文集【C】3、期刊文章【J】4、学位论文【D】5、报告【R】6、专利【P】（老师没说）报告一般不会考；连续出版物（期刊），专著，学位论文，会议论文（论文集）必考1、T.Neese,J.Dueck.Air core formation in the hydrocylone Journal of Minerals Engineering ,2007,20:348-354文献类型：【J】连续出版物特点：1.Journal of 。

科技英语考试资料A(13)1.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。

2.An understanding of essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science.要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。

3.As we know, all matters consist of molecules, and molecules of atoms.众所周知，一切物质由分子组成，而分子由原子组成。

4.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of proteins.所有这一切证明，我们必须深入地研究蛋白质特性。

5.A new kind of computer –small, cheap, fine—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意——这种计算机体积小巧，价格低廉，性能优越。

6.A computer system consists of a computer and some peripherals.计算机系统是由计算机和一些外部设备构成的。

7.Adverse to iron，mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。

8.AC can be changed into DC with great ease.交流电可以极其容易地被转变成直流电。

《科技英语》综合复习资料题型题量及分值安排：Part I Reading Comprehension两篇文章10道选择题每题2分，共计20分Part II V ocabulary and Structure20道选择题，每题1分，共计20分Part III Cloze一篇文章20道题目，每题0.5分，共计10分Part IV Blank-filling10个英文句子，每题2分，共计20分根据括弧中的提示写出形式和拼写正确的单词Part V Translation5个英语句子翻译成汉语，每题3分，共计15分Part VI Translation5个汉语句子翻译成英语，每题3分，共计15分要求用括弧中给定的英语短语完成。

Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas,consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock. (2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.1. What is mainly dealt with in the passage?A. The formation of oil.B. The formation of rocks.C. The general introduction of geology.D. The roles of geology in finding oil.2. Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.A. the minerals in the earth’s crustB. the rocks in the earth’s crustC. the evolution and development of the earthD. the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth3. One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.A. a source rockB. a black mudC. the seawaterD. organic compounds4. In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.A. accelerate the travel speed of the oilB. hinder the oil to move upwardC. help the oil to move upwardD. help people to discover the oil5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present inthe structure.B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorablefor the occurrence of the other prerequisites.C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.Passage 2In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodie s attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but isotherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories —the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.6. According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted part of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a reality7. The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’scannot.D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’scannot.8. The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is_________.A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe9．It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.A. inversely proportional to their massB.inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them10．According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravityPassage 3The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo toensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter any future use of an “oil weapon”by exporters. Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets and policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle. Since the system’s inception in the 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina.Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most familiar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying one’s supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. But diversification is not enough. A second principle is resilience, a “security margin”in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserves, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recognizing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option.A fourth principle is the importance of information. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets. On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects. That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integrate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fear. In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely information.As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected.11. The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT ______.A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargoB. making effective coordination among those industrialized countriesC. promoting cooperation in making policies about energyD. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries12. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true?A. Its headquarter is located in Paris.B.Its members include developed and developing countries.C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies.D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption.13. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is ______.A. various supply sourcesB. stable energy marketsC. the largest profitsD. reasonable prices14. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to ______.A. recognize the reality of energy shortageB. guarantee the stability of energy marketC.realize the unity of the worldwide marketD. protect one’s independent interests15. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.A. convince readers that energy security is importantB. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S.C. inform readers what the energy security system is likeD. present principles for ensuring energy securityPassage 4I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge “antlers”, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other species, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species —be it an elephant or an orchid —in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nonetheless, I believe that we can —and should —do a great deal. It’s a matter of changing priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protect wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. If their governments are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that the world would probably go to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.How to use those funds would be a matter of endless debate. Should local communities be entitled to set the agenda, or should outside experts take control? Should limited hunting be allowed in parks, or should they be put off limits? Mistakes will be made, the landscape will keep changing, and species will still be lost, but the difficulty of the task should not lead us to abandon hope. Many of the planet’s natural habitats are gone forever, bur many others can be sav ed and in time restored.A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us resist with all our efforts any moves to reduce the amount of wild land available for wild species. And let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity —and all life on Earth.16. The purpose of the author’s work on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana was ______.A. to discover the fossil history of African mammalsB. to search for the traces of the extinct animal speciesC. to discover the fossils of human being’s predecessorsD. to study the fragments of the fossils of the ancestors of African mammals17. The following is true EXCEPT ______.A. The welfare of the human species is bound up with that of the other species.B. Human development in agriculture and industry speeds up the process of distinction of somespecies.C. Fossil history suggests that 95% of the species will be a failure in their struggles for survival.D. The process of the extinction of species seems to be going on ceaselessly.18. To which of the following would the author probably say “No”?A. Should we be concerned about the extinction of the species, which has been accelerated bythe expansion of agriculture and industry?B. Should a nation, most of whose people are still living below the poverty line, spend largesums of money to preserve species?C. Is it necessary to provide woodcutters in poverty-stricken nations with the economicalternatives to making a living on cutting down trees?D. Is it necessary to change our priorities and provide more equipment and support for wildlifeprotection personnel?19. The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.A. to champion a global fund mainly from the affluent nations and international efforts topreserve the wildlifeB. to warn the rich nations against the losing out in protecting the global environmentC. to persuade the impoverished people to sacrifice their short-term benefit for long-termprotection of the biodiversityD. to take into account the difficulty of wildlife protection and stop endless debate20. The author’s attitude towards preserving the natural habitats is ______.A. uncertainB. positiveC. hopelessD. uneasyPassage 5The Internet seems to have just arrived, so how can we possibly imagine what will replace it? In truth, early versions of the Net have been around since the 1960s and 70s, but only after the mid-1990s did it begin to have a serious public impact. Since 1994, the population of users has grown from about 13 million to more than 300 million around the world.What will the Internet be like 20 years from now?Like the rest of infrastructure, the Internet will eventually seem to disappear by becoming widespread. Most access will probably be via high-speed, low-power radio links. Most handheld, fixed and mobile appliances will be Internet enabled. This trend is already discernible in the form of Internet-enabled cell phones and personal digital assistants. Like the servants of centuries past, our household helpers will chatter with one another and with the outside help.So many appliances, vehicles and buildings will be online by 2020 that it seems likely there will be more things on the Internet than people. Internet-enabled cars and airplanes are coming online, and smart houses are being built every day. Eventually, programmable devices will become so cheap that we will embed them in the cardboard boxes into which we put other things for storage or shipping. These passive “computers” will be activated as they pass sensors and will be able to both emit and absorb information. Such innovations will facilitate increasingly automatic manufacturing, inventory control, shipping and distribution. Checkout at the grocery store will be fully automatic, as will payment via your digital wallet.The advent of programmable, mini-scale machines will extend the Internet to things with the size of molecules that can be injected under the skin, leading to Internet-enabled people. Such devices, together with Internet-enabled sensors embedded in clothing, will avoid a hospital stay for medical patients who would otherwise be there only for observation. The speech processor used today in cochlear implants for the hearing impaired could easily be connected to the Internet; listening to Internet radio could soon be a direct computer-to-brain experience!The Internet will undergo substantial alteration as optical technologies allow the transmission of many trillions of bits per second on each Internet’s fiber-optic backbone network. The core of the network will remain optical, and the edges will use a mix of access technologies, ranging from radio and infrared to optical fiber and the old twisted-pair copper telephone lines.By then, theInternet will have been extended, by means of an interplanetary Internet backbone, to operate in outer space.How will this pervasive Internet access affect our daily lives? More and more of the world’s information will be accessible instantly and from virtually anywhere. In an emergency, our health records will be available for remote medical consultation with specialists and perhaps even remote surgery. More and more devices will have access to the global positioning system, increasing the value of geographically indexed databases. Using GPS with speech-understanding software that is emerging today, we will be able to get directions from our Internet as easily as we once got them at a filling station.Is there any downside to a society suffused with information and the tools to process it?Privacy will come at a premium. Enormous quantities of data about our daily affairs will flow across the Internet, working to make our lives easier. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past. Who should have access to our medical records and our financial information, and how will that access be controlled? Will we be able to search and use the vast information stored online without leaving trails across the Net? How will business transactions be taxed, and in what jurisdictions will disputed electronic transactions be resolved? How will intellectual property be protected? How will we prove that contracts were signed on a certain date, or that their terms and conditions have not been electronically altered? There are technical answers for many of these questions, but some will require international agreements before they can be resolved.Perhaps even more daunting, in the face of Internet-wide virus attacks, is the realization that we will depend in larger and larger measure on the network’s functioning relia bly. Making this system of millions of networks robust is a challenge for the present generation of Internet engineers. But I am an optimist and believe we are going to live in a world abundant with information and with the tools needed to use it wisely.21. The main idea the author tries to convey is that ______.A. the Internet has already arrivedB. the Internet began to have a serious impact in 1990sC. the Internet is getting more and more popularD. the Internet is developing fast ever since its appearance22. The Internet might seem to disappear because most access to the Internet is probably realized by ______.A. high-speed, low-power radio linksB. handheld mobile appliancesC. internet-enabled cell phonesD. personal digital assistants23. The Internet will have a significant change thanks to optical technology, which ______.A. will make the Internet access more flexibleB. will make the Internet transmission more rapidlyC. will make the Internet communication more convenientD. will make the Internet more useful in our life24. The primary concern of online experience is ______.A. privacyB. convenienceC. pricingD. conflict25. The author’s attitude toward the future of the Internet is ______.。

测验一：词类1、这个容器内的压力为零点零几个大气压。

The pressure in the container is a few/ several hundredths of an atm.2、海水的比热（specific heat）比空气大三倍。

The specific heat of the seawater is four times greater than that of the air .The specific heat of the seawater is four times as great as that of the air.3、我们必须求出(find out)为提起这个重物(weight)需要多大的力。

We must find out how large a force is needed to lift this weight.4、在常温下，一些水会变成水蒸气，这一现象被称为蒸发(vaporization)。

（要求用一个简单句）Some water will become steam(vapor) at normal temperature, a phenomenon called vaporization.5、由于计算机运算精确，速度快，所以得到了广泛的应用。

（要求使用一个简单句）Accurate in operation and fast in speed, computers have been found wide application.6. 现在我们开始讨论一下局域网。

Now we turn to a discussion of local area networks.7、这个电路的优点是结构简单、易于调整。

The advantages of this circuit are simple in structure and easy in adjustment.8、文革前，我校的学生数量仅为现在的1/3 。

第1题 The king blamed ______ and taxes for high oil prices and suggested setting up a program of 1 billion U.S. dollars to solve the oil crisis.您的答案：A题目分数：1此题得分：0.0批注：第2题As telecommunications and networking technologies greatly improve, it is more ______ people to access others through e-mail, telephone and mobile phones.您的答案：A题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第3题 Work has seemingly ______ into everything, including dinner parties.您的答案：A题目分数：1此题得分：0.0批注：第4题 Although he has his own ideas, he seldom ______ advice from other people.您的答案：C题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第5题We need to ______our speech when we are supposed to speak in public.您的答案：A题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第6题His past affection for Emily ______ any new relationshipimpossible for him.您的答案：C题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第7题Why don’t you do something about your room —it’s really a ______.您的答案：B题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第8题 A few of the drugs are ______ and not covered by insurance companies.您的答案：B题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第9题She is extremely happy today for she has just been______ which means a company car and an extra five thousand.您的答案：D题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第10题Congress has a responsibility to ______ that all peaceful options are exhausted before resort to war.您的答案：A题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第11题判断正误：A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday.您的答案：正确题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第12题判断正误：I don't think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, hasn't it?您的答案：错误题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第13题判断正误：Ted has sat at the table ａnd drank more beer than is good for his health.您的答案：错误题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第14题判断正误：It is no good try to remember grammatical rules.You need to practice what you have learned.您的答案：错误题目分数：1此题得分：1.0批注：第15题判断正误：We have been told that under no circumstances we may use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.您的答案：正确题目分数：1此题得分：0.0批注：第16题She won’t interfere with you any more; you have won your ___(depend) and your rights to make your own decisions.您的答案：dependence题目分数：2此题得分：0.0批注：第17题Sand a____(积聚) at the mouth of the river and formed a bank which boats could not pass.您的答案：assemble题目分数：2此题得分：1.0批注：第18题Strict measures are taken to prevent the escape oflow-level ____(radiate) from the nuclear power plant.您的答案：radiation题目分数：2此题得分：2.0批注：第19题She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely r___(抑制) herself.您的答案：restain题目分数：2此题得分：0.0批注：第20题Have you considered being s___（赞助）during your time at university? You should, because many students have found it a great help not only during their time as an undergraduate but also in securing employment after graduating.您的答案：sponsor题目分数：2此题得分：1.0批注：第21题Mr. Brown is worried that if households and businesses do not get faster and cheaper access to the Internet, the___(economical) will suffer.您的答案：economy题目分数：2此题得分：2.0批注：第22题Supplies may___(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.您的答案：fluctuate题目分数：2此题得分：2.0批注：第23题He condemned the w___(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.您的答案：waste题目分数：2此题得分：2.0批注：第24题Organizations of all kinds now recognize the internet as an effective means for ___ (globe) communication.您的答案：global题目分数：2此题得分：2.0批注：第25题It was rather a shock to look into these matters and discover that the fault was s____(完全的)mine.您的答案：题目分数：2此题得分：0.0批注：第26题英译汉：Because there was heavy traffic in the city center, we were ten minutes late.您的答案：由于城中心交通拥挤，我们迟到了十分钟。