专题讲座写作第五讲定语从句的写作与训练

第五讲定语从句的写作根据所掌握的定语从句的知识，熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求。

定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构，根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分。

定语从句在句中作定语修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫作先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

一、定语从句关系词的基本用法关系词词形所修饰的先行词在从句中充当的成分关系代词who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语which 物或事主语、宾语that 人或物主语、宾语、表语as 人、物或事主语、宾语whose 人或物定语关系副词when 时间名词时间状语where 地点名词地点状语why 原因名词原因状语As the saying goes，“All roads lead to Rome.〞正如谚语所说：“条条大路通罗马〞。

We will go to take part in the summer camp held by your school this July, which will makes us very excited.我们将参加今年7月由你们学校举办的夏令营，这使得我们非常激动。

二、运用定语从句的须知运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现；定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。

将以下每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句中的成分。

①The foreigner is from Canada.He visited our class yesterday.→The foreigner who 主语visited 谓语our class 宾语yesterday 状语is from Canada.②Mrs.Wang is the teacher.Her son was admitted to Peking University.→Mrs.Wang is the teacher whose 定语son 主语was admitted 谓语to Peking University 状语. ③Our teacher told us such a story.It moved us all to tears.→Our teacher told us such a story as 主语moved 谓语us all 宾语to tears 状语. ④I will never forget the days.We worked in that small town in those days. →I will never forget the days when 状语we 主语worked 谓语in that small town 状语. 三、as 引导的定语从句 as 引导的定语从句是写作中出现频率很高的一种句式，其用法如下：(1)关系代词as 用于限制性定语从句时，常出现在固定句型as…as(和……一样大/高/深)，the same…as(和……一样/同类)，such…as(诸如……)中。

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句ﻫ关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解ﻫ定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词）引出。

ﻫ关系代词有：wｈo, ｗｈom, whose, tｈat,whiｃｈ等。

ﻫ关系副词有：wｈeｎ,where, why等。

1８.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

ﻫ1)who, ｗhom, ｔhat 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。

例如：ﻫIs he tｈe man who/tｈat wantｓto see yo ｕ? 他就是你想见的人吗？（ｗho／ｔｈａt在从句中作主语）ﻫHe is thｅman wｈom/ ｔｈaｔＩsa ｗyesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(ｗｈoｍ/thａｔ在从句中作宾语）2)wｈose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

例如:ﻫＴhey rｕshｅｄov ｅr to hｅlｐthe ｍan wｈosｅcaｒhａd broken ｄｏwn. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

ﻫPleａse passｍe thｅbook whose （of ｗhich）coveｒis gｒeen．请递给我那本绿皮的书。

ﻫ3)which，thaｔ所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

例如:Ａprospｅriｔｙwhich/ that had neveｒbｅen seen befoｒe ａppeａｒs iｎthe cｏuntryside. ﻫ农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

定语从句在写作中的应用（讲案）（一）先行词是一句话（事）1.which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句（事），置于主句之后。

功能：主句在前，陈述事实，which引导的非限制性定语从句在后，展示结果。

格式：主句，which will enable sb. to do sth..建议使用位置：中间段第一个要点和相应的细节。

e.g.你应该提前到你朋友的家里, 这样才能给别人留下好的第一印象。

You should arrive at your frien d’s home early. You can leave a good first impression on him.（2018全国I）____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】You sh ould arrive at your friend’s home early, which will enable you to leave a good first impression on him.2. as引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句（事），使用灵活，可置于句首和句中，在从句中可做主语，宾语，表语。

常用下列固定搭配：as we all knowas is known to allas is said aboveas always mentioned aboveas is often the caseas is reported in the newspapere.g.We need to go back to our hometown, , the war begins., this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. （2020新高考全国I）【答案】as is reported in the newspaper As the author explains（二）先行词是人关系词：who/whom/whose功能：解释说明或者限定修饰主句中指人的名词或代词位置：被修饰的名词或代词后e.g.然而，唯一在乎任何错误的人是说话的人。

定语从句一、有关定语从句的几个概念1）功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2）位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词4）关系词：引导定语从句词称为关系代词（that, which, who,whom,whose, as）和关系副词（when, where, why）。

二、定语从句的理解：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。

I know the girl in red — I know the girl who is in redI know the girl. The girl is in red.（两个简单句）一＞（定语从句）I know the girl who is in red.找出被修饰的词是。

这个词就成为先行词。

其中连接两个句子的是。

它就称为关系词。

关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当。

总结：1、关系代词和关系副词的三个作用A,代替先行词B,充当连词C,在从句中做成分。

2、做好定语从句的方法：看前看后看结构观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。

I still remember that day. You left fbr Beijing on that day.Could you explain the reason? You were late fbr the reason.I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents.三、熟记如下原则：A：只能用which做关系词的情况：⑴引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某事物或前面的整个主句并在句中做主、宾语时。

2024届高考语法专项：定语从句与写作定语从句是在高考写作中常用的高级表达。

恰当使用定语从句，无疑会增添亮点，提高得分档次。

高考应用文（13—15）（优秀）评分标准提到了“语法结构多样，词汇丰富，显示出很强的语言运用能力”。

高考读后续写2225分（优秀）评分标准提到了“使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构”评分标准中都提到了使用多样恰当的语法结构，定语从句高考作文常用的语法结构之一。

一、定语从句与应用文写作►关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。

(2023年6月新课标1卷应用文）This, however, may cause problems such as language barriers, mismatched learning goals, and lack of motivation, which may reduce the effectiveness of the program.然而，这可能会导致语言障碍、不匹配的学习目标和缺乏动力等问题，这可能会降低课程的有效性。

(2022全国甲卷应用文）It was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in global ecosystem.它的设立是为了提高人们保护海洋的意识，海洋在全球生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。

(2022全国甲卷应用文）First, try every means to fight against global warming, which has bee a great threat to sea creatures.首先，尽一切努力对抗全球变暖，这已经成为海洋生物的巨大威胁。

高中定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句专项讲解与练习1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。

它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。

主要有 who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。

PS:what 不能引导定语从句 .指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.指物的关系代词有 which 、whose(=of which)、that.The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster（.=The man who/whom/ that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster）. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用 who 的情况：a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those , these 时，关系代词用 who。

定语从句第五讲：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……”通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上 A.作宾语时可省略; B.可用that;C. 可用who代替whom；D.可用why A.不可省; B. 不用that;C. 不用who代替whom;D. why要换为for whicha) This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。

b) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。

当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。

如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.练习翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。

He has a brother who is a physicist.He has a brother, who is a physicist.He returned all the books which are written in English.He returned all the books, which are written in English.The man who lives next door is a doctor.My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.A student who studies hard will make good progress.The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.非限制性定语从句关系代词：which, as, who, whom , whose关系副词：where, when1. This is the book ___________he lost yesterday.2. The book, _________ he lost yesterday, has been found.3. Have you ever been to Xi'an, _________ I left ten years ago.4. His English, ________ used to be very poor is now excellent.5. I'll find a nice girl, _________ I want to marry.6. She has two brothers, _________ are teachers.7. I'll come at ten, ________ I'll be free.8. Some of the roads were flooded, __________ makes our journey more difficult.as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：1. as引导的非限制性定语从句1) 位置灵活，可以置于主句的句首、句中或句末；2) 先行词不可是一个词，必须是整个主句或主句的部分内容；3) 有“正如、像”等意思，表依据、评论（、态度、看法）等；如：a. This elephant is like a snake，as anybody can see．像任何人都能看见那样，这头象像条蛇。

定语从句讲解与练习第一篇：定语从句讲解与练习定语从句讲解与练习在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.引导定语从句的关系代词有who, which, that,关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语.(作宾语时可省略，放在介词后不可省。

)一.由 who, 引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语),修饰表示人的先行词.例如:This is the man who helped me.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now ?The boy who//whom we saw yesterday is John’s brother.二.that引导的定语从句,that在从句中做主语或宾语,修饰表示人或物的先行词,作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.The letter(that//which)I received was from my father.I can’t find the letter that//which came this morning.Do you still remember the days(that//which)we spent together ? This is the man that//who helped me.The house(that//which)we live in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.The doctor(that//whom //who)you are looking for is in the room.三.which引导的定语从句,which在从句中做主语,也可做宾语,或介词的宾语,修饰表示物的先行词.先行词可以是词、短语、句子。

This is the book(which/that)you want.The building which//that stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略) The house(which/that)we live in is not large.This is the watch(which/that)he was looking for.(在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在动词之后,不能放在which之前)四、that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词,1.但是下列情况只能用that.①.先行词为不定代词all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.All(that)you have to do is to practise every day.There isn’t much(that)I can do.②.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson(that)I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.③.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.④.先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.The white flower is the only one that I really like.This is the very book that I want to read.This is the same book that I want to read.(同一本书)----This is the same b ook as I want to read.⑤.当主句以who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there ?Which of us that knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?⑥先行词既有人又有物时。

定语从句讲与练 (译林牛津版高二英语下册教学论文)定语从句讲与练一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名次或代词的。

比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl （） three boys （） a shoe factory （）Jim’s father ( ) our teacher ( )the man in the car （） the man standing at the door （）the man who is talking with Sam （）二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“…….的”三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

分析：先行词the boys 在从句中作主语。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

分析：先行词__________ 在从句中作________。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。