2021届上海市晋元高级中学高三9月月考英语试题

2021届晋元高级中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMany workers have had no choice but to adapt to working from home in recent months since offices shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). And the noisy situation and endless housework may result in a terrible emotion. A new option is waiting foryou. That is WFH: work from a hotel.Hotel FigueroA special program titled Work Perks aims to reposition some of 94-year-old Hotel Figuero’s 268 rooms as day-use offices.According to Managing Director Connie Wang, the set-up launched in June and is a great opportunity to get out of their houses with high-speed Wi-Fi, unlimited printing privileges and free parking. The 350-square-foot rooms sell for $ 129 per day, with an option to extend to an overnight stay for an additional $ 20.The WytheA boutique hotel inBrooklyn. The hotel recently announced a partnership with co-working office space company Industrious through which it is recycling 13 second-story guest rooms to serve as offices for up to four people.Each of the rooms has a small outdoor platform, and dogs are welcome. Pricing starts at $ 200 and goes up to $ 275, depending on how many people use the space.The SawyerThe Sawyer, in Sacramento, California, is offering pool cabanas (更衣室) for use as outdoor offices, complete with fast Wi-Fi, free parking and catered lunch for $ 150 per day.HotelsByDayYannis Moati founded HotelsByDay back in 2015. That company has grown to include more than 1,500 hotels, and has seen a significant increase in the number of inquiries for day-use bookings lately.Moati said the current situation will force hotels to upgrade themselves to stay alive, and he predicted that offering rooms for day-use only is one of the directions they will go.1. How much should one pay for a 24-hour stay in Hotel Figuero?A. $ 129.B. $ 149.C. $ 150.D. $ 200.2. Which hotel allows pets in?A. The Wythe.B. The Sawyer.C. HotelsByDay.D. Hotel Figuero.3. What do we know about Yannis Moati?A. He started a program titledWork Perks.B. He has upgraded at least 1,500 rooms.C. He usually predicts everything correctly.D. He is optimistic about the WFH trend.BMany Americans experience surprise (or disappointment) when they wake up on Christmas Day. They might be surprised or disappointed by a family member’s actions. They might be happy or unhappy about a Christmas gift. Imagine a child expects to get an Xbox or PlayStation for Christmas. On Christmas morning, they quickly open their gift. Inside is an English grammar book. They might feel disappointed. The Everyday Grammar team would prefer the new English grammar book. But if you are like most young people, you would probably rather have a new video game.Today, we are going to explore those feelings-feelings of surprise and disappointment. In other words, we are going to explore how speakers show that reality was better or worse than their expectations.Many languages use words to express expectation. Speakers also use words to express how events are not happening as expected. This idea is known as “counter expectation”.Do not worry about the term. Just remember that it means that speakers use words to show that reality is countering their expectations.English has many words that serve this purpose. Three of the most common are the words “even”, “still” and “actually”. You will often hear them in informal, everyday speech. Speakers use these words to show disappointment. The pitch of their voice tells you what they mean. Let’s study examples of each word.Speakers often use the word "even” to show disappointment or surprise. Imagine a young child that expects a phone call from a family member-perhaps an uncle or grandparent. The phone call never comes. The child might say the following: “What’s wrong with him? He didn’t even call me on Christmas day.” Americans sometimes use “still” for showing how reality does not quite meet their expectations: “You’re still here? It’s over! Go home. Go!” Another common word that shows surprise or disappointment is “actually”: “I can’t believe it! Uncle Bob actually stole her Christmas gift.”4. What might most young Americans prefer as a Christmas gift according to paragraph 1?A. A newly made video game.B. An English grammar book.C. A new designed school bag.D. A unique jacket from their parents.5. What does the underlined phrase “counter expectation” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Expression of disappointment.B. Something expected to happen.C. The same with one’s expectation.D. A result against what is expected.6. What do the three words “even”, “still” and “actually” have in common?A. They are easy to understand.B. They express disappointment.C. They show delighted feelings.D. They are used most at Christmas.7. What’s the last paragraph mainly about?A. Expectations from loved ones.B. Different uses of the three words.C. Examples of the use of the three words.D. Emotions of disappointment and surprise.CAsk a classroom of children to draw a scientist, and you’ll see plenty of color1 ed lab coats and glasses. The image (画像) hasn't changed much since the 1960s, but the person wearing the lab coat is changing.A new analysis finds that more female scientists have appeared in kids? drawings in recent decades — going from nearly nonexistent in the 1960s to about a third in 2016.The first of many “ draw-a-scientist ’’ studies asked nearly 5,000 children to draw a scientist between 1966 and 1977. Of those 5,000 drawings, only 28 drew female scientists. That was just 0.56 percent. Today, female scientists are being presented more in the media. For example, in a content analysis, 13 percent of people pictured in science feature stories of the 1960s were women or girls, compared with 44 percent in the 2000s. “That might really affect children’s idea on what a scientist should be like, ” says Miller, a Ph. D. candidate in psychology.To look for changes in children'sperceptionover time, the researchers conducted a meta-analysis ,combining data from 78 studies that included a total of more than 20,000 children from kindergarten to the 12th grade.On average, 28 percent of children drew female scientists in studies conducted from 1965 to 2016.What hasn’t changed much: kids pick up stereotypes (模式化观念）by gender (性别）as they grow up. At age 6, about 70 percent of the girls in the more recent studiesdrew female scientists. By age 16, 75 percent drew male scientists. This is an important period in which kids are learning stereotypes. It’s important that teachers and parents present diverse examples of both male and female scientists.8. What’s the picture of scientists drawn by a 1960s, kid like?A. A man with long curly hair.B. A woman with lab glasses.C. A woman in a formal lab suit.D. A man in a color1 ed lab coat.9. What may contribute to the changes in kids’ drawings?A. The improvement of women^ social status.B. The kids are affected by teachers and parents.C. More female scientists appear in the media.D. The increasing number of female scientists.10. What does the underlined word “ perception” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?A. Belief.B. Idea.C. Habit.D. Growth.11. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .A. it's a stereotype that scientists are generally malesB. girls are more influenced by stereotypes than boysC. some children are born with certain stereotypesD. most children tend to prefer female scientistsDIf you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.""With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.12. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other13. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.15. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?A. EntertainmentB. EconomyC. ScienceD. Nature第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届上海市晋元中学2018级高三上学期9月月考英语试卷★祝考试顺利★(含答案)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Exploring BeyondFollowing the call of our restless genes has not ended well for all explorers. The British explorer Captain James Cook died in a fight with Hawaiians ten years after he received the precious map from Tupaia. His death, some say, brought to a close (21) ________ Western historians call the Age of Exploration. Yet it hardly (22) ________ (end) our exploring. We have remained enthusiastic about filling in the Earth's maps; reaching its farthest poles, highest peaks, and deepest trenches（海沟）; sailing to its every corner and then flying off the planet entirely. With the NASA Rover Curiosity now (23) ________ (stir) us all as it explores Mars, some countries and private companies are preparing to send humans to the red planet as well. Some visionaries even talk of having a spacecraft (24) ________ (send) to the nearest star.NASA's Michael Barratt - a doctor, diver, and jet pilot; a sailor for 40 years; an astronaut for 12 - is among those (25) ________ ache to go to Mars. Barratt consciously sees himself as an explorer Cook and Tupaia. "We're doing what (26) ________ did," he says. "It works this way at every point in human history. A society develops an enabling technology, (27) ________ it's the ability to preserve and carry food or build a ship or launch a rocket."Not all of us (28) ________ ride a rocket or sail the infinite sea, Yet, (29)________ a species, we're curious enough and interested enough by the prospect to help pay for the trip and cheer at the voyagers' return. Yes, we hope to find a better place to live or acquire a larger territory or make a fortune. But we also explore simply (30) ________ (discover) what's there.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Undercover WingsThe nocturnal（夜间活动的）dot-under wind moth（蛾）may use shape-shifting patterns on its winds as a way to attract mates in the dark. In a study published last September in Current Biology, scientists report the __31__ on males' fore-wings of three patches （色斑）that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles. In females, the entire fore-wing darkens.Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate, researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost __32__ on chemical signals because of the lack of light. But these __33__ wing patterns, now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth, suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern, researchers say it is likely a(n) __34__ selected mechanism.Jennifer Kelley, an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens（标本）for another project. "As soon as we figured the effect was angel - __35__, we knew that no understand how it works, we had to understand the __36__ physics," Kelley says. The group contacted Gerd Schroder-Turk and Bodo Wilts, who are。

上海市晋元中学2021届高三9月月考英语试题II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Exploring BeyondFollowing the call of our restless genes has not ended well for all explorers.The British explorer Captain James Cook died in a fight with Hawaiians ten years after he received the precious map from Tupaia.His death,some say,brought to a close(21)________Western historians call the Age of Exploration.Yet it hardly(22)________(end)our exploring.We have remained enthusiastic about filling in the Earth's maps;reaching its farthest poles,highest peaks, and deepest trenches（海沟）;sailing to its every corner and then flying off the planet entirely.With the NASA Rover Curiosity now(23)________(stir)us all as it explores Mars,some countries and private companies are preparing to send humans to the red planet as well.Some visionaries even talk of having a spacecraft(24)________(send)to the nearest star.NASA's Michael Barratt-a doctor,diver,and jet pilot;a sailor for40years;an astronaut for 12-is among those(25)________ache to go to Mars.Barratt consciously sees himself as an explorer Cook and Tupaia."We're doing what(26)________did,"he says."It works this way at every point in human history.A society develops an enabling technology,(27)________it's the ability to preserve and carry food or build a ship or launch a rocket."Not all of us(28)________ride a rocket or sail the infinite sea,Yet,(29)________a species, we're curious enough and interested enough by the prospect to help pay for the trip and cheer at the voyagers'return.Yes,we hope to find a better place to live or acquire a larger territory or make a fortune.But we also explore simply(30)________(discover)what's there.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.appearsB.changingC.dependentD.dimE.discoveryF.exclusivelyG.reflectH.reviewI.sexuallyJ.underlyingK.vigorouslyUndercover WingsThe nocturnal（夜间活动的）dot-under wind moth（蛾）may use shape-shifting patterns on its winds as a way to attract mates in the dark.In a study published last September in Current Biology,scientists report the__31__on males'fore-wings of three patches（色斑）that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles.In females,the entire fore-wing darkens.Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate,researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost __32__on chemical signals because of the lack of light.But these__33__wing patterns,now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth,suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern,researchers say it is likely a(n)__34__selected mechanism.Jennifer Kelley,an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia,and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens（标本）for another project."As soon as we figured the effect was angel-__35__,we knew that no understand how it works,we had to understand the__36__physics,"Kelley says.The group contacted Gerd Schroder-Turk and Bodo Wilts,who are physicists at Murdoch University in Perth and the Adolphe Merkle Institute in Switzerland respectively.Together the researchers found that when the wings are viewed from above,they__37__ available light directly,like a dull mirror.When viewed from an angle,however,they let some of the light through to reveal a deeper layer of darkness,which__38__as patches on the male's wings.If the insects were to beat their wings__39__-a common behavior among males approaching potential mates-the patches would flash on and off,creating a striking signal even in very__40__light.III.Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage,there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you are stuck on a problem,sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it-consciously, anyway.Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create__41__to a solution.Now a mew study__42__on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.When humans sleep,parts of the brain replay certain memories,strengthening and transforming them.About a decade ago researchers developed a technique,called targeted memory reactivation(TMR),aimed at further enhancing__43__memories:when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep,that memory gets__44__.In a study published last November in Psychological Science,scientists tested whether__45__the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem-solving.About60participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of__46__.First,they__47__spatial,verbal and conceptual puzzles,with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each,until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve.Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep,which may be important for memory enhancement-and a device played the sounds__48__to three of the six unsolved puzzles.The next day,back at the lab,the participants attempted the six puzzles again.(Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.)All told,the subjects solved32 percent of the sound-stimulated puzzles compared with21percent of the__49__puzzles.The researchers"very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing,and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their__50__",says Penny Lewis,a psychologist at Cardiff University,who was not involved in the research."These are super-cool results.Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to__51__the component processes that are actually being influenced."Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping,the research may have__52__implications."In a futuristic world,maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems,"says lead author Kristin Sanders,who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study.Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible -and even without devices,prospective solves can focus on important problems before__53__.Still,sleep is not__54__;people need to do their homework and load their heads with thepuzzle pieces involved."I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique,"Sanders says, "because I am totally__55__cancer research."41.A.applications mitment C.attention D.pathways42.A.counts B.expands C.insists D.passes43.A.treasured B.selected C.devoted D.shortened44.A.dimmed B.stored C.reactivated D.researched45.A.neglecting B.examining C.erasing D.revisiting46.A.sleep B.experiment C.training D.relaxation47.A.created B.solved C.attempted D.classified48.A.assigned B.transformed C.explained D.introduced49.A.unsettled B.untargeted C.unstated D.untested50.A.puzzles B.brains C.processes D.tasks51.A.work out B.turn to C.take on D.bring about52.A.individual B.conceptual C.practical D.collective53.A.dinner B.dawn C.bed D.schooling54.A.significant B.magic C.fixed D.possible55.A.dependent on B.curious about C.interested in D.ignorant ofSection BDirections:Read the following two passage.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late2014that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like.The column was the brainchild of our staff writer,Sam Anderson,he explained.Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love.We would push against this trend,900words a week,40-someting times per year.The reason for my hesitation was a simple,unfortunate fact about writing.Writing aboutthings you hate is easy:not just fun,but generative.The criticism tends to entertain,even if you disagree,but the ode doesn't.The writerly tone is well-suited to our age,but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism-as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public.Obsessions（喜欢）,meanwhile,are inseparable from our peculiarities as people-we come to love things for often weird reasons.When the column really works,it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject.One writer,a man in his late30s,for example, recommended Pedialyte,which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise,and to cheat his way back to youth.I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine,so I try my best to keep up with all the email,but I often fail.(I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.)Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely--everything else in the world is timely.But on the other hand,we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize,stop and read about.There should be a personal angle to the recommendation,but also some universally recommendable aspect.But then again,it shouldn't be too recommendable:this isn't a column for life-hacks.The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected-"sideways,"as editors are perhaps too fond of saying-but really,it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us.56.Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found________.A.the fashion trend was not easy to push against.B.there was a shortage of good quality columnsC.writers could hardly find a place to share their likesD.his brainchild could sometimes increase readership57.The word"ode"(in paragraph2)is closest in meaning to________.A.praiseB.blameC.hesitationD.determination58.Why is the writer in his late30s mentioned in paragraph2?A.To give an example of the writerly tone.B.To highlight the way that the column selects writers.C.To show how a collective defense mechanism works.D.To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column.59.The writer hopes that in the column,________.A.the recommended items are quite familiar to readersB.the recommended items should follow the latest trendC.readers can learn about life skills from the recommendationsD.readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation(B)LilyStudying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers,as more students are choosing to do a semester,a year or even a degree in another country.In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home ing a comparative study of50Canadian undergraduates,half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considering gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors.ThomasMy research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences.Having begun the diary a month before leaving home they continued it for a month after they returned.The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skills.The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished by were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture.Analysing the diaries,we found remarkably similar patterns.All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience.JasmineThis paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad,their reasons for selecting a specific destination,their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations.Having administered aquestionnaire to1,000international students studying at a number of universities in Australia,we got696responses.An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests.Country of origin and gender proved less significant than expected.JimmyThis research looked at the career paths of35young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross-cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff,a group of US business corporations proposed the research.The results are less conclusive than expected,but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek.60.The passage is mainly about four researchers'findings to________.A.the reasons for young students to study abroadB.the impact and effects of studying in another countryC.the trend of more students furthering their study abroadD.the interest of students who once studied in another country61.________used the subjects'personal account as the research material.A.LilyB.ThomasC.JasmineD.Jimmy62.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?A.Most of the researchers found the students global awareness increased.B.All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad.C.None of the researchers thought gender played a role in student's choice.D.Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects'career development.(C)When antibiotics（抗生素）first became available,framers used them freely.Now scientists know that the overuse of antibiotics can cultivate drug-resistant bacteria that are dangerous tohuman health.Among debates over what kinds of restrictions should be put in place,figuring out how antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve and make their way to humans remains an area of intense interest.Jo Handelsman is tracing one such pathway that,as she puts it,travels from"farm to table." Handelsman,a microbiologist who is now associate director for science at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,looked into dairy cows,which are often treated with antibiotics and produce manure（排泄物）that farmers use on their crops.In addition to nutrients,that fertilizer may harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria-a problem because the bacteria can come into contact with plants that are finally shipped to supermarkets and sometimes eaten raw.To find out how those antibiotic-resistant bacteria come to exist,Handelsman and her colleagues at Yale University added manure from a nearby Connecticut farm to raised beds of soil in2013.In this case,the manure specifically came from cows that were not treated with antibiotics.The researchers unexpectedly found that there were more soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes when they were grown with the manure than when they were grown with synthetic nitrogen-based fertilize-even though the cows were drug-free.Previous research had found that manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contains resistant bacteria,but the cow-pie results suggest there are more factors promoting resistance besides antibiotic use.Something about manure itself may encourage naturally resistant bacteria to increase.The findings should not,however,give the impression that resistance is everywhere,notes Lance Price,a microbiologist at George Washington University(who was not involved in the study)."We can control this.There's very clear evidence that when we turn off the antibiotic tap, we bring down drug-resistant bacteria,"says Lance.Next on the farm-to-table schedule,Handelsman will test whether radishes grown in soil treated with cow manure are capable of taking up resistant genes from bacteria through their vascular system（循环系统）."They have veins（血管）just like us,"she says."We don't have any evidence yet that they're taking up the bacteria,but it's a really interesting possibility."63.What does Jo Handelsman's research focus on?A.How antibiotics makes its way onto our table.B.What restrictions should be put on antibiotics use.C.How antibiotics-resistant bacteria reach human beings.D.What damage the overuse of antibiotics does to humans.64.What did Jo's research find?A.Drug-free cows produced manure with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.B.Synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizer did more good to the environment.C.Soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes were increasing with time.D.Manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contained fewer resistant bacteria.nce Price is quoted in the passage in order to________.A.provide more evidence that drug-resistance bacteria are dangerousB.suggest another possible explanation to the antibiotics problemsC.emphasize the importance of feeding cows with no antibioticsD.show that the research findings may not be that worrisome66.Which of the following statements is Jo most likely to agree with?A.It is very likely that widespread resistance to antibiotics is not inevitable.B.Plants grown in soil fertilized with cow manure may contain drug-resistant genes.C.There is possibility that radishes take up resistant genes wherever they are planted.D.The vascular system plays a key role in guarding radishes against bacteria.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.It is said that higher levels of any physical activity help keep off an early grave.B.The studies did not rely on self-reporting,which,the experts noted,could be unreliable.C.The latest study backs up previous research suggesting reducing time spent sitting still is beneficial.D.However,the study had limitations.E.A short period of intense activity is viewed as beneficial as much longer periods of lesser activity.F.The team found a greater volume of activity overall was linked to a lower risk of death.Washing the dishes'can help you live longer in later years'Even a small increase in light activity,such as washing dishes or a little gentle gardening, might help lower the risk of an early death among older adults,researchers say."It is important for elderly people,who might not be able to do much moderate intensity activity,that just moving around and doing light intensity activity will have strong effects and is beneficial,"said Ulf Ekelund,a professor and first author of the study at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.However,the study finds that there is more"bang for your buck"if you engage in intense activity compared with light activity.________67________Published in the BMJ,the latest research involved a review of eight studies encompassing a total of more than36,000people with an average age of almost63years.Participants were followed for five to six years;2,149deaths wer3e recorded.Crucially,all of the studies involved monitoring the physical activity of individuals who had activity trackers.________68________.For each study participants were split into four equal-sized groups,based on the total amount of time spent active,and the risk of death assessed,taking into account factors such as age,gender, body mass index,and socioeconomic status.This was then repeated for an amount of activity at different levels of intensity.The results were analysed together to give an overview.________69________The results held for different intensities of activity.The team said the study supported the message"sit less and move more and more often."________70________It only looked at the situation for middle age and older adults,most of whom lived in the US or Europe,and some of the effect could be due to those people with a higher risk of death being less likely to engage in physical activity.Physical activity levels also were only measured over one period of time.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following three passages.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.The Useful BeanDo you know what the common factor in bee food,vinyl plastic,and tofu is?It is soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products.The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants.It can grow inlow-quality soil.Throughout the life of the plant,a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile.Soybeans are also very high in protein.With its hardiness,soil benefits, high-protein content,and various uses,some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger.There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant-oil,protein,and whole soybeans.Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing.Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays,printer ink,and shampoo.One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics.Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts.Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products.Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk.Even animals benefit:bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean.Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics,adhesives,yarn,and water-based paints.Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant.Whole soybeans are used to make food-for people and animals.Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans.Some of these items are pancake flour,coffee, soymilk,soy sauce and tofu.As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity,more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。

2021年上海市晋元高级中学高三英语期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BAfter almost an entire year of not going shopping and vacationing, you find the numbers reflected by your bank account meet your heart's desire.Now the most important question comes, what to do with the earnings? Should you fulfill dreams of the present, invest in preserving the future or perhaps keep saving it for a rainy day?Our elders always try to teach us the value of money and its moral weakness. One may be on a winning streak（连续成功）now，but it will not always be so. One will have days when there will be no sunshine but only rain. and their luck will hide behind those thick grey clouds. Save for those rainy days,they say.Do not spend too much,live within a budget,refrain fromcredit no matter how small and save for the future.Since the very first time we earn our own money from a summer job or earning our first salary, the lessons start. In fact, the pocket money that we receive when we are children begins the process of learning how to best manage one's money.People often think like this-one day when I have enough money, I will travel the world. Then, once we do earn enough money, tomorrow's plans start shadowing our present ones. However, is it wise to keep living for that future? Will we still enjoy or even be able to backpack in -our 50s? How will we ever enjoy our present if we are constantly living for the future?Good questions, aren't they? 1 say travel but don' t let yourself run dry, treat yourself to some luxuries but also keep enough for your necessities, and enjoy your present but with a plan for the foreseeable future.Life is for the living. so live it sensibly.4. Why do elders teach us to save money?A. Because there are more rainy days in life.B. Because no one can win streak.C. Because good days may end.D. Because money can't buy everything.5. What does the underlined phrase "“refrain from" mean in Paragraph 3?A. select fromB. hold backC. rely onD. prefer to6. What can we infer from the passage?A. We should enjoy ourselves at the right time.B. We should wait to travel until we have enough money.C. We should live for the future no matter what.D. We should enjoy ourselves to the fullest when we have money.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Money is something but not everything.B. One should save for rainy days.C. Live in the moment before you live for the future.D. Live the present wisely for your life.CI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to thinkabout how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.8. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.9. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.10. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.11. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.DIt's a popular belief that a fish's memory lasts for only seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that they don't remember what they've eaten or where they’ve been, and they don't identify you or any of their friends--every moment intheir life would be like seeing the world for the first time.But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have a much better memory than we used to think. In fact, certain species of fish can even remember events from as long as 12 days ago. In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food.They then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. Researchers used computer software to monitor the fish’s movements.They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food. This suggested that they could remember their pastexperiences.In fact. scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. An earlier study showed that they behaved aggressively(挑衅地) in front of certain fish, perhaps because they remembered their past "fights".But until the latest findings, there was no clear evidence.Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survivein the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives at risk,"lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.For a long time, fish were placed far below chimpanzees, dolphins and mice on the list of smart animals.But this study has given scientists a new understanding of their intelligence.12. According to the text, people commonly believe that ______.A. fish don't recognize any of their friendsB. a fish's memory lasts for only seven minutesC. fish can only remember part of their past experiencesD. fish can remember things that happened long ago13. How can fish benefit most from a good memory?A. They can remember their enemies and fight.B. They can remember where to get food and survive.C. They can remember their friends and help each other.D. They can remember where to go when in danger.14. What can we learn from the text?A. Only African cichlids have a good memory.B. African cichlids can remember things for 12 days.C. African cichlids always treat other fish aggressively.D. African cichlids don't belong to the list of smart animals.15. What is the text mainly about?A. What we can learn from fish.B. Fish having a very bad memory.C. How fish improve their memory.D. Fish being smarter than we thought.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届晋元高级中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Internet can provide a wealth of educational resources for small children, if you know where to look.Enchanted LearningEnchanted learning is a great website for children, and I know several teachers who rely on it for materials for their classrooms. Most of the information is free, but for $ 20.00 per year, you can purchase a membership that allows you to have access to the site without the advertising. The pages here are great. There are color1 ed pages and worksheets for toddlers (学步儿童) and school-age children.StarfallStarfall is another good educational website for small children. Teachers often use this website in classrooms. It emphasizes reading skills for early learners. The website is aimed at first-grade-level learners, but it has tools that can help all children from pre-K to second grade. The website has reading activities, worksheets to download, and a store where you can purchase educational materials for your children.Sesame Street WorkshopKids loveSesame Street, and it is always educational. This is one of the funniest websites online for children because it is very well animated and has great sound effects. The website has games and stories for small kids, and they can create letters at the post office and mail them to their favorite characters.1. Why does Enchanted Learning offer purchasing memberships?A. Charging for the information.B. Charging for downloading materials.C. Giving access to the site without the ads.D. Providing unlimited search for more pages.2. Where can you buy educational materials for your children?A. Enchanted LearningB. StarfallC. Sesame Street WorkshopD. Colored pages3. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce.B. To discuss.C. To persuade.D. To educate.BThe AI research arm of Alibaba created a machine learning model that received a higher score on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset than humans. The database consists of more than 100,000 questions to test reading comprehension.In early January this year the Alibaba AI software machine scored 82.44 on the test while humans scored 82.304. Besides, computers and AI have already defeated humans, for example in games such as chess. However, it seemed that language skills were superior in humans as machines find languages hard to master.A large number of call center employees, often in developing countries, may be out of work soon if the AI robots are cheaper and as effective as human labor. Soon when you phone a company for information the conversation will go like this: “ We are sorry but all our robots are busy right now. We value your call. Please stay on the line until a robot is free to serve you. There are just 12 callers ahead of you.” A robot will serve you some popular tunes while you wait.Si Luo, who is a chief scientist of natural language processing at Alibaba’s AI research group noted that questions such as “What causes rain?” can now be answered with a high degree of accuracy by robots. Si Luo said, “ We believe the foundational technology can be gradually applied to a lot of applications such as customer service, museum tutorials, and online responses to inquiries from patients, freeing human efforts in a new way.”Si Luo’s team is working closely with Ali Xiaomi, a mobile customer service chatbot. Ali Xiaomi can be customized to be used on Alibaba’s platforms such as Taobao and Tmall. The new AI robots could answer consumers’ questions as they did the Stanford questions. The robots would look for the answers from prepared information. However, there are limits to what the system will be able to do. If questions do not have clear-cut answers, or the questions asked are too unclear or ungrammatical, the robot may not be able to deal with them.4. What can we learn about the Alibaba AI software machine?A. It has been tested in some areas.B. It has become popular since January.C. It has offered a special learning style.D. It has made people interested in reading.5. What does the example in paragraph 3 show about the AI robots?A. They should have better language skills.B. They may replace humans in some fields.C. They need to be customized to serve customers.D. They will be widely used in developing countries.6. How does Si Luo feel about the foundational technology?A. Doubtful.B. Worried.C. Curious.D. Confident.7. What can we infer from the lastparagraph about Ali Xiaomi?A. It needs to improve in some ways.B. It is connected with another system.C. It is a platform to show good service.D. It can answer any questions accordingly.CWhat is the secret of happiness? A new study finds that happiness comes from exercise. People who exercise actively bring themselves happiness equal to earning an extra $25,000 ayear.Instead of recording extra hours at work in hopes of getting a raise, maybe you should hit the gym instead, as it could make you just as happy as that extra money. An interesting new study, published in the Lancet, found that people who are physically active have a greater sense of well—being than those who are inactive-and that active individuals feel as good as inactive people who earn $ 25,000 more per year.Researchers from Oxford and Yale Universities used data gathered from more than 1.2milion Americans. They were asked, “How many times have you felt mentally unwell in the past30 days. for example, due to stress, depression, or emotional problems?” Participants were also asked about their exercise habits and were able to choose from 75 diverse physical activities, including doing housework and childcare, running, weightlifting, and cycling. The researchers found that people who exercise regularly feel bad for an average of 35 days per year, while inactive people feel bad for an additional 18 days.All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden. Social physical activities（that is to say, team sports such as football, basketball, etc）had an even more positive effect, which can best help people relax mind.It is possible for some to get too much exercise. From Business Insider'sreport on the study. “The mental health of those participants who exercised for longer than three hours a day suffered more than that of those who weren't particularly physically active.” The ideal amount seems to be three to five training sessions per week. lasting 30 to 60 minutes each.But the conclusion should be that any amount helps, so don't stress about hitting that perfect balance: “All exercise types were associated with a lower mental health burden than not exercising.”8. The question asked in Paragraph one is meant to ______.A. introduce the researchersB. tell the secretC. draw a conclusionD. lead to the topic9. Which exercise below can help us relax mind most effectively?A. RunningB. Walking alone.C. Playing footballD. Keeping fit in the gym.10. According to the passage, the following are true EXCEPT that ______.A. people who exercise actively may feel bad for about 35 days per year.B. The more exercise you take, the higher mental health burden you will get.C. overdoing exercising will do harm to people's mental health.D. doing exercise is better than not doing it.11. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Exercise can bring as much pleasure as an income rise.B. The secret of happiness has nothing to do with wealth.C. Choosing the right form of exercise is of vital importance.D. The key to keep young is to exercise regularly.DThereare two days that set you on your path in life: the day you’re born, and the day you realize why you were born.Growing up south of Chicago in Harvey, Illinois, most people just had their heads down trying to make it from point A to point B. I was the same way, just going with the flow. I played basketball in high school because I was good at it and because other people thought I should until I discovered my talent.I give up basketball and started doing speeches. It wasn’t a popular decision but my grandfather told me to do what made me happy. I fell in love with comedy and performing. And when I discovered the passion, I realized why I was born.I knew I had something to offer —I knew that not only am I powerful, but I can make a difference.I realized a long time ago that my dream is not to be famous or rich. My talent is to entertain. But it’s more than that. I have the chance to reach people, to brighten days, to bring laughter and positive energy into lives and inspire. And I am grateful forit.Acting putting myself out there and having doors closed on me time and time again has taught me a lot about myself. I have learned to trust what I have to offer the world over momentary doubt. I’ve learned to put my faith over my feelings. And I've grown a tough skin. More importantly, I have learned there is a long way towards our goals and that when we put our talents and passion to work, we determine our value.Like a lot of places across the country, there’s poverty, crime, violence and unemployment in Harvey. Andgrowing up there, a lot of people have tragically low expectations for life. But I know that with the right opportunity and with help along the way, everyone can find their passion and go after it. My life is proof.12. What was the author born to do according to the text?A. Be a basketball player.B. Act and perform.C. Make speeches.D. Teach people.13. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. Chance.B. Energy.C. Days.D. Laughter.14. What is the author’s purpose of writing this text?A. To help others find their talents.B. To prove his decision was right.C. To inspire people to follow their dreams.D. To encourage people to set a goal.15. What can be the best tile for the text?A. Success Lies in Hard Work.B. How to Achieve the Dream Is Important.C. The Two Important Days in Life.D. The Day I Realized What I Was Born to Do.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020-2021学年上海市普陀区晋元高级中学高三（下）第二次月考英语试卷1.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)Surprising Facts About At-Home DNA Tests If yousend your DNA to two different companies to find out about your ancestry,you may end up with two different results.That's（1）______ there's no certification（鉴定）required for DNA-testing companies.They may get the basic idea correct - （2）______ you area little less than half northern European,for example,but when they say you're 30 percentfrom here and 60 percent from there,it's a statistical guess based on their own database and method.Your results will be（3）______ （precise）if you're not a native.The more people from your ancestral region in a company's database,the more accurate your results will be.You can find out your risk of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's from an at-home DNA test kit,but a laboratory（4）______ （authorize）to do medical testing will give you much more conclusive results.The results of your genetic testing could affect your ability to get insurance.（5）______ federal law prohibits health insurers from denying coverage based on genetic testresults,the law does not apply to life,disability,and long-term-care insurance.Law-enforcement agencies are increasingly using family tree DNA databases to solve crimes,as was done in the arrest of a former police officer accused of being the Golden State Killer.California detectives took the DNA results from various crime scenes,（6）______ （look）for partial matches on a public genealogy database,and eventually found their man.The market is also exploding with companies（7）______ （claim）they can pinpoint the right product - for your skin or your waistline,for instance - based on a DNA test.But consider them entertainment（8）______ real science,Greely says.A study found that diets based on genetic tests didn't help people lose weight.Still,DNA tests can answer questions you've had about yourself - and（9）______ you didn't know to ask.For example,for（10）______ additional cost,23 and Me will include your results on more than 25 individual traits,including if you are likely to be a morningperson,whether your hatred of cilantro is genetic,and if your earwax is more likely to be dry or wet.2.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)Finding Comfort in War and Peace Over the past 15 years,Yiyun Li,a Chinese-American author,has read War and Peace at least a dozen times.Her hardback copy of Leo Tolstoy's 1，200-page saga bristles with colored notes,like some exotic lizard's spine.The novel is not just a masterclass in fiction,Ms.Li believes,but a cure for（1）______ .At the most difficult times in her life,she says,she has turned to it again and again,reassured by its "（2）______ " in the face of uncertainty.War and Peace - originally （3）______ The Year 1805 - is widely considered the world's greatest novel.It is also among the most daunting（令人敬畏的），acknowledged Richard Pevear,one of its translators,"as（4）______ as Russia itself." Its huge canvas（画布）encompasses（包含）not just Napoleon's wars against the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires from 1805 to 1812，but a cast whose actions and emotions span the breath of human consciousness.As a literary critic has noted,Tolstoy is the supreme novelist ofhuman conflicts.His epic（史诗）is a（n）（5）______ examination of how people respond to the pressure of both wars and ordinary life.So large is Tolstoy's world,Ms.Li reckoned,that there could be no better companion for people （6）______ in isolation.She thought of virtual book club to sustain readersthrough the lockdown.Participants around the globe would plough through this booktogether and share their thoughts on social media.It would be an anchor in （7）______ times.To their amazement,when it began in mid-March 3，000 people on six continents signed up.Other book clubs have（8）______ up to discuss great literature during the pandemic.But Tolstoy's novel reflects the atmosphere of life in quarantine better.Its（9）______structure,shifting between battlefields and the salons of Russian high society,mirrors the disorienting split in readers' own attention - between their own personal,stilled states and the calamity（灾祸）（10）______ outside.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of lonely self-employment,there was one thing I was looking forward to the most：the opportunity to have work friends once again.It wasn't until I entered the corporate world that I realized,for me at least,being friends with colleagues didn't emerge as a（n）（1）______ at all.This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close （2）______ relationships at work.So much research has explored the way in which collegial（同事的）ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues （3）______ productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict,jealousy,undermining anger,and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches,water-cooler gossip and caring,deep-and-meaningful conversations were a（4）______ of the last time I was in that kind of office environment.Whereas now,as I near the end of my fourth decade,I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without （5）______ to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management,researchers have looked at the concept of "indifferent relationships," a simple term that summarizes the fact that relationships at work can （6）______ benon-interpersonal,inconsequential,unimportant and even,dare I say it,disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative.The limited research conducted thus far indicates they're especially（7）______ among those who value independence over cooperation,and harmony over confrontation.Indifference is also the（8）______ option among those who are socially lazy.Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort,which,for some of us,is much too （9）______ .As noted above,indifferent relationships may not always be the most（10）______ approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work.But there are nevertheless several apparently proven benefits.One of those is（11）______ .Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning（产出）.The other is（12）______ .As human beings,we're programmed to compare ourselves to each other in what is an anxiety - causing phenomenon.Apparently,we look down on acquaintances （泛泛之交）more so than friends.Since the former is very common among those （13）______ to indifferent relationships,their predominance can promote individuals' sense ofself-worth.Ego aside,a third advantage is that the emotional（14）______ of indifferent relationships hasbeen found to enhance critical evaluation,to strengthen one's focus on task resolution,and to gain greater access to valuable information.None of that might be as（15）______ as after-work socializing but,hey,I'll take it anyway.3. A. burden B. priority C. obligation D. coincidence4. A. short-term B. contractual C. shallow D. interpersonal5. A. affecting B. enhancing C. measuring D. restoring6. A. cause B. credit C. consequence D. realization7. A. tending B. needing C. promising D. hesitating8. A. peculiarly B. interestingly C. reasonably D. decisively9. A. dominant B. rare C. constructive D. intense10. A. preferred B. compulsory C. available D. likely11. A. engaging B. casual C. demanding D. effortless12. A. traditional B. cautious C. flexible D. helpful13. A. image B. efficiency C. profit D. expansion14. A. self-respect B. self-improvementC. self-evaluationD. self-control15. A. resistant B. unique C. open D. essential16. A. feature B. neutrality C. reaction D. conflict17. A. exhausting B. meaningful C. fun D. popular (2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)DThere's no feeling quite like walking alongside the river.It's the last light in the valley,and the sound of rushing water drowned out all others.I walk the river's edge with my dog,Mosi,whose inability to hear over the waterfall makes him nervous.Despite his impressive size,he runs sheepishly at my feet.At first glance,we walk to fish,but actually we move at the urging of naturalists long since passed - of John Burroughs and of Loren Eiseley - and of my parents,Norman and Paula,who are still alive today but live far from this Kenya valley.Walk in the woods,their voices advise,along the banks of a river where,in the blue end of a day,you may find the rhythms that fascinate you.There,among the fish and the flowers and the forces that bind them,you might make peace with your worried mind.I began to venture into the highlands of central Kenya in 2013 with the hope that its riversmight throw their __________power upon me,smoothing my edges as they have,overtime,polished the stones in their path.I've never been free of emotional stress,but my years of working as a photojournalist in some of Africa's most conflict-ridden environment left additional barbs（倒刺）in me.With time it became hard to distinguish between the conflicts that existed inside me and the ones that I witnessed through the lens.Gradually they became intertwined（交织在一起的），and I felt an expanding sense of tension and discomfort inside me.Fly-fishing seemed a cure of the pain of photographing people's suffering,as I'd done so often in recent years.I hadn't cast a fishing line since the age of 10 or so,when I used bait（鱼饵）to fish the Atlantic waters that surrounded the places I lived at a child,first along the coast of New Jersey and later in Massachusetts.My mother's friend at that time taught me the basics.He was a large,athletic man who'd been in the U.S.Army Special Forces,an experience that left him with his own scars.At dusk by the river,his hand resting comfortably on the rod（鱼竿），he seemed at ease.Between assignments I began to drive around.The slow-flowing river drifts through protected forests,where a network of paths,used by humans,elephants and lions,cuts through thick vegetation.I came to realize that the river had given me more than I'd asked - I regained the peace inside me,and it seemed that I'd gone back to my childhood when sand sharks and puffer fish made my heart beat with curiosity.18.Which of the following statements is true according to the first two paragraphs______A. The author came to the valley to fish as well as to make peace with his worried mind.B. The deafening sound of the waterfall made the author and his dog quite scared.C. The author's parents advised him to discover nature in the depths of the valley.D. The valley environment is said to have a healing power upon one's heart.19.Which of the following is the best word to fill in the blank in the 3rd paragraph？______A. rushingB. shakingC. transformingD. encouraging20.Which of the following statements is true about the author______A. His occupation as a cameraman added to his inner frustration.B. He got to make friends with his mother's friend because of fly-fishing.C. In his spare time,he often walked through the vegetation along the paths.D. Finally he was cured by his childhood experience with sand sharks and puffer fish.21.Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage？______A. My Job in Photography Led Me to a Valley.B. A River Heals the Scar Left by a Camera.C. The Call of Naturalists Pushed Me to Explore.D. The Fishing Rod Links Nature With My Heart.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)EHudly wireless Price：＄349Staying focused on the road while glancing at your smart-phone or sat nav for directions can be a distraction.That's why Hudly has created its transparent heads-up display to keep your journey information right in your sight-line.Paired wirelessly with your smart-phone,this6.2-inch display allows you to view the road and its vibrant directions simultaneously.Also equipped with light sensors,this heads-up display will automatically adapt its visibility to suit your environment.Roav VIVAPrice：＄130Bring Alexa along for the ride with this plug-in speaker from Anker.Paired with yoursmart-phone,VIVA can make calls,stream music and provide audio navigation with simple voice commands.Plugged straight into your vehicle's power outlet,this travel-size companion comes equipped with two USB ports so you and your passengers can charge smart devices on the go.ZUS Smart Tire Safety MonitorPrice：＄159.98Keeping your tires at the correct pressure is of vital importance to not only staying safe on the roads,but to maintain low fuel consumption.With the ZUS smart safety monitors by Nonda,you receive real-time alerts if your tires are leaking air or in need of a refill.Taking only minutes to install,these high-tech dust caps simply screw on each tire and give you feedback on how each tire is performing,recording a detailed history of pressure changes over time.GOFARPrice：＄149Open a window into your vehicle's health with GOFAR.By simply plugging the GUFAR adapter into your ear's computer,receive real-time information about any mechanical problems or performance information sent straight to your smart-phone.In the same way a Formula Idriver monitors their fuel efficiency on the track,the GOFAR Ray keeps you up to date on how you consume fuel with the simple dashboard light array（排列）.If you're hitting the gas too hard,the GOFAR Ray will illuminate red to let you know you're wasting fuel and green when you're driving optimally（最佳地）.Automatic connected car assistantPrice：from ＄99.99If you want to get to know your car inside out,then the Automatic connected car assistant is the perfect addition to your vehicle.By simply plugging the compact diagnostic device into the vehicle,a whole host of information about your car is available at your ing the Automatic app,this driving assistant can give detailed diagnostics about maintenance issues and performance alongside crash alerts,your vehicle's real-time location and roadside assistance.Jabra FreewayPrice：＄99.99If your car isn't Bluetooth connected,then Jabra Freeway is a great gadget to listen tohigh-quality sound and answer and make calls at the touch of a button or through voice activation.With three built-in speakers,Freeway offers impressive surround sound.However,if you prefer your vehicle's speakers,the built-in FM transmitter will connect your smart-phone straight to the car's internal sound system.Equipped with a motion sensor,Freeway will always sense when you get into the car and automatically connect to your smart-phone.22.Mary,a green-hand driver,wants to know the overall health of her second-hand car and toensure road safety and timely help if anything happens.What's the best product for her？______A. GOFARB. Hudly wirelessC. Automatic connected car assistantD. Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor23.What do Jabra Freeway and Roav VIVA have in common______A. Both are equipped with motion sensors and USB ports.B. Both can make calls,stream music and provide navigation.C. Both can be operated with voice activation and button touch.D. Both can be smart-phone connected and voice controlled.24.Which of the following devices can help you cut back on your spending in the long run______①Hudley wireless②Roav VIVA③GOFAR④Jabra Freeway⑤Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor⑥Automated connected car assistantA. ②③B. ③⑤C. ④⑤D. ⑤⑥(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)FUnlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in line with a child's growing grasp of social and moral standards.Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"；rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad reputation.It is deeply uncomfortable - it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket stuffed with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated. "There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what role guilt can serve"，says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary - feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive. And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our own goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can control their disgusting behaviors.And vice versa：high sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study,for example,Malti looked at 244 ing caregiver assessments and the children's self-observations,she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral wrongdoings.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child.For thelow-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty.The ones more likely to feel guilty tended to share more,even though they hadn't magically become more sympathetic to the other children."That's good news," Malti says. "We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret."25.The underlined word "appease" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to " ______ ".A. contentB. disappointC. amuseD. distract26.The writer mentions the comparison of guilt to " a jacket stuffed with stones" to showpeople's ______ .A. general impression of guilt being overestimatedB. incorrect idea about the nature and function of guiltC. out-of date belief of guilt being their primary burdenD. long-held prejudice against those who often feel guilty27.What can be inferred from the chocolate coin experiment______A. It's necessary to ensure kids feel guilty about their wrongdoings.B. Regretful kids need to be given a chance to correct their behaviors.C. Feeling guilty has the power to make kids become more sympatheticD. The highest guilt could possibly be found in kids with the lowest sympathy.28.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？______A. Guilt vs SympathyB. Good News for Guilty PeopleC. Don't feel Guilty About Your GuiltD. What Lies Underneath Your Guilt(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)AI In the Future Workplace Artificial Intelligence is making its way into business.As our special report this week explains,firms of all types are exploiting AI to forecast demand,hire workers and deal with customers.In 2017 companies spent around ＄22 billion on AI-related mergers and acquisitions,about 26 times more than in 2015.The McKinsey Global Institute,a think-tank within a consultancy,claims that just applying AI to marketing,sales and supply chains could create economic value,including profits and efficiencies,of ＄2.7 billion over the next 20 years. （1）______ .Such forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope.Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity.Humanyze collects data from employees' calendars and e-mails to workout,say,whether office layouts favor teamwork. （2）______ .Employees will gain,too.Thanks to the progress in computer vision.AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor.Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks.Algorithms（计算程序）may not be free of the prejudices of their programmers.（3）______ .The length of a commute（通勤）may predict whether an employee will quit a job,but this focus may harm poorer applicants.Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is efficiency.（4）______ .If your skills are in demand,you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace.Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially subject to harm.That could fuel protest of labor unions seeking to representemployees' interests and to set regulations.Even then,the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F32. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F. F33.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)Read the following three passages.Summarize the mainidea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 e your own words as far as possible.American College of Physicians 'stepped out of its lane" by placing gun control in medical education.Stanley Gold-farb,formerly the associate dean of curriculum at the University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine,argued that teaching social justice issues and population health comes "at the expense of strict training in medical science" at a time when sub-specialists are in short supply.But many physicians,ourselves included,think social issues should be at the heart of medical education.Formal medical school typically takes four years,followed by several years of residency （住院医生实习期）and often a fellowship（研究员职位），and during that short time students have a wide range of competing requirements.They must learn complexbiological and chemical pathways that explain diseases and health.They must be educated on how to read the the scientific literature and apply it to their patients.They must master many therapies and know how to adapt them to patients' varied diseases states.On top of all this,they must learn to communicate effectively and compassionately with patients and colleagues.Being a good doctor also demands that we understand the reasons behind poor health.Our mission is not simply to diagnose,manage and treat.Physicians should act to prevent the root causes of illness and improve well-being.Physicians are trained to tackle problems at their root.System and structural-level social issues are also drivers of poor health,and it is our duty to address them.Medical training must evolve to produce doctors who are able tonot only treat the individual but also understand the larger influencers of health -- of which gun violence is most emphatically one.As medical professors,we would fail our students -- and our patients - if we expected any less.34.(2021·上海市市辖区·月考试卷)网购有风险，下单需谨慎。

上海市某校2021学年高三9月月考英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文)1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Back to School ReformFor schools in the New York City, this school year was met by a particular reform issue. It began in June of 2018, when, as part of an effort to fight the enduring problem of segregation(种族隔离), Mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention 【小题1】the testing requirement should be discontinued for admission to the city’s eight selective “élite” high schools. Then, late last month, the Advisory Group released a report 【小题2】 (suggest) that the city rethink its entire approach 【小题3】 identifying and educating high-achieving children. More accurately, it recommended replacing the gifted-and-talented programs with new initiatives 【小题4】challenge premature children without relying on a test or academic tracking. However, Asian-American parents fearing that the proposed change 【小题5】(disadvantage) their children filed a lawsuit to block it.Testing holds great attraction 【小题6】it is neutral, indifferent to a student’s background and wealth. But this is not 【小题7】the current system functions. Success is closely related to socioeconomic advantages and access to test preparation. For example, Asian-American students tend 【小题8】(rate) lower on the most subjective parts of college admissions evaluations.It’s not clear what the result of the current debate will be. One thing, however, is certain: the competition for places at New York’ chools 【小题9】(drive), in part, by a lack of faith in the quality of education in other parts of the system. Also, it is seen as a conflict between different social groups fighting for a system in which their children are 【小题10】(likely) to be restricted by discrimination.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文)2. A．confusingly B．robbing C．apply D．quickens E．bearable F．fear G．underlying H．temporarily I．claims J．bargain K．outcomesThe Danger of SharentingFor the vast majority of people，checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity．The app feeds on a collective （1）_______that we are missing out on something，whether it's a fabulous party，a pop﹣up sale or the mere concept of vacation．But the same dynamic doesn't quite （2）_______to parents sharing pictures of their young children online． There certainly may be an element of proud boasting："Admire my little son's taste in jazz，" etc． But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day （3）_______． The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places， and you need your tribe． Sharing images on social media makes the experience （4）_______，connecting one to a larger world．In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online， Leah Plunkett， a Harvard psychology professor， argues that "sharenting" happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels． It （5）_______ a child's entry into "digital life．" Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two﹣thirds of identity﹣fraud cases affecting today's children will have been caused by sharenting．For Plunkett， there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting． On a philosophical level， sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission，（6）_______ them of a kind of privacy． This feeds into Plunkett's second，much broader concern． The （7）_______ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult﹣world privacy issues： the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst﹣case scenarios． Could things that parents post about children produce real﹣world （8）_______， in terms of bullying， professional reputation， or future prospects？ Today，long before children take their first step， their digital data already travels to "thousands，likely tens of thousands， of human and machine users．" How long will it be until someone （9）_______ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points？Plunkett's concerns made parents reconsider their choices． In the end， Plunkett's advice is to "make more mindful choices" about digital lives though parenthood is often so （10）_______ vague that mindfulness seems impossible．三、完形填空)3.The Last Robot﹣Proof Job in America?You can get most food, such as warm cookies or vodka, to your doorstep in minutes． But try getting a red snapper （红鲷鱼）． Until recently, if you could obtainit, it would likely have been pre﹣frozen and shipped in from overseas．A new tech startup is aiming to （1）_______ this situation． Based inside the Fulton Fish Market, a seafood wholesale market, the startup, called FultonFishMarket．com, allows customers across the whole county, both restaurants and individuals, to buy from the market． The fish is shipped （2）_______, rather than frozen, thanks to an Amazon advanced logistics system． Mike Spindler, the company's C．E．O．, said recently, "I can get a fish to Warren Buffett, that's as fresh as if he'd walked down to the pier （码头） and bought it that morning．"There is one thing, （3）_______, that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do: pick out a fish． If Warren Buffett orders a red snapper, the company needs to （4）_______ that his fish is actually red snapper, and not some other． According to the ocean﹣conservation organization, more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants and grocery stores in America is （5）_______． For this task, the company has employed Robert DiGregorio, a forty﹣seven﹣year veteran of the business, who possesses a blend of judgement and （6）_______ knowledge that, so far, com puters have yet to replicate．"（7）_______ the food﹣safety stuff, our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of human history, " Spindler told me． He is experienced in the （8）_______ business． When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, people were cautious． "They thought selling fish on the Internet was （9）_______．" DiGregorio said, speaking for the fishmongers （鱼贩）． "They didn't see how it could possibly work．" Five years ago, DiGregorio didn't know how to use a computer, but when the Web ﹣site people arrived at the market, he sensed an opportunity． Together, they've created a human﹣machine fish﹣buying operation．By I a．m． each night, the company （10）_______ from around the country and sends them to DiGregorio． He heads into the market, carrying his tablet computer． Thecompany's algorithms（算法）（11）_______ data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio, for example, which stall to go to get the best tuna （金枪鱼）． The computer is a "learning system, " so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn't （12）_______, itasks, "Was the fish not available? Was it damaged? " All that information is fed back in for next time．Then, what can a fishmonger see that a computer can't? DeGregorio showed me his part of the （13）_______ process． "I'm assessing a few things, " he said． First, （14）_______． Fish should have "nice" slime （粘液）． Then, smell． He sniffed the air above the box． "When fish goes bad, it smells like ammonia．" Besides, to get the beststuff, "Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you． To trust you．" He added．Is he never （15）_______ being replaced by the learning system ofcomputers? DiGregorio shrugged． "By the time they invent a computer that can do what I can do, " he said, "I'll be dead．"（1）A.maintainB.remedyC.substituteD.recognize（2）A.freeB.overseasC.separateD.fresh（3）A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.howeverD.thus（4）A.ensureB.proposeC.concedeD.remind（5）A.overpricedB.misidentifiedC.displacedD.modified（6）puterB.cuisineC.fishD.marketing（7）A.Rather thanB.Thanks toC.Except forD.Prior to（8）A.fund﹣raisingB.online﹣groceryC.fish﹣sellingD.non﹣profit（9）A.significantB.worthyC.responsibleD.ridiculous（10）A.salesB.ordersC.alternativesD.statistics（11）A.analyzeB.supplyC.prioritizeD.feed（12）A.requireB.processC.predictD.value（13）A.calculationB.decodingC.correctionD.selection（14）A.smashB.touchC.wipeD.roll（15）A.concerned aboutB.eager forC.delighted withD.capable of四、阅读选择)4. On the morning of 19 April 1966, a hooded figure was hiding in the bushes near the start line of the Boston Marathon. When the gun went off to start the race, the mysterious person allowed the faster competitors to pass before joining the main group of runners. It wasn’t long before the others noticed that their new companion was a woman.The infiltrator(渗入者) was 23-year-old graduate Roberta ’Bobbi’ Gibb, an experienced runner who had had her application to run denied on the grounds that the Boston Marathon was a Men’s Division race only. Her rejection letter categorically stated: Women aren’t allowed and furthermore are not physiologically able. Having run up to 30 miles a day nearly every day for the two years leading up to the race, Gibb knew that this was not true. She decided it was time attitudes towards women changed, and bought a bus ticket to Boston. Contrary to her father’s fears that she would get hurt in the race, Gibb’s male counterparts showed her nothing but kindness. Once reporters got wind of her participation, the radio began broadcasting news of her progress. Encouraged by adrenalin and the delighted spectators, Gibb was heading for an under three-hour time for the best part of the course,but then she began running out of steam. Starved of food and water, her legs began to falter, and her feet became almost too painful to run on. If she hadn’t known that dropping out would have set women’s running back 20 or 30 years, she may not have completed the course. However, the cheering crowds on the last leg of the course succeeded in lifting her spirits, and she sprinted to the finish in a very respectable time of just under three hours and 22 minutes.On finishing the race, Gibb was treated as a hero: she was met by the governor of Massachusetts, her parents were interviewed, newspapers ran articles on her and she was invited to a TV game show. More importantly for her, she had broken the stereotype that women didn’t run marathons. She began getting calls from inspired women who had taken up running themselves, and in 1967 a second female runner competed in the Boston Marathon alongside Gibb. The following year there were five female entrants, and by 1972, the rules had been changed to allow women to compete in all US marathons. However, by then, if you had asked anyone who was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon, they would have given you a completely different name: Kathy Switzer.Twenty-year-old journalist Kathrine Switzer shot to fame after competing against Gibb in the 1967 Boston Marathon. On discovering Switzer had entered the race by pretending to be a man, race director Jock Semple tried to physically remove her, and it was this image of Switzer being attacked while running that stuck in people’s minds. Switzer conti nued running, finishing second in the 1975 Boston Marathon. Moreover, she became a successful media personality. It took Gibb decade of writing letters to magazines, TV stations and book publishers to set the record straight. But in the end, she succeeded in gaining her due recognition and was retroactively awarded first-place medals for her 1966, 1967 and 1968 races.（1）The woman is hiding in the bushes __________.A.to cheer on the best participantsB.so as not to be seen at the starting line.C.in order to watch the race unfoldD.so that she has a better view of the field（2）What ultimately drove Gibb to finish the race?A.She didn’t want her plan to backfire(发生意外).B.She wanted her parents to be proud of her.C.She wasn’t willing to disappoint the cr owd.D.She couldn’t take the shame of failure.（3）What does the writer mean when he describes Gibb’s running time as ’respectable’?A.He thinks she could have done better.B.He considers it a standard to aim at.C.He regards it as a good time.D.He can’t believe she ran so well.（4）What does the reader discover about Gibb in the fourth paragraph?A.Her reputation grew as the years went by.B.She was corrupted by fame.C.She became a household name.D.Her glory was short-lived5.（1）When you find a gift in a geocache, you _________.A.make a note of the gift on the website.B.can borrow the gift, but have to return it.C.are allowed to take the gift if you replace it with something else.D.take a photo of the gift as proof that you have found it（2）The writer thinks that the most enjoyable kind of geocaching is when _______.A.you have to find a public webcam.B.you have to find a series of geocaches.C.you have to find a geocache and then hide it in a different place.D.you simply have to find one geocache.（3）The writer has written the blog mainly to _________.A.suggest that people try geocaching.B.publicise a geocaching event in Sweden.C.warn the reader that geocaching is addictive.D.explain the differences between letterboxing and geocaching.6. The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society． Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler（扰乱分子） urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people． Romney's response﹣﹣ "Corporations are people" stirred a brief but intense controversy． Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing（抨击） corporations as "enemies of the people．"Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them． Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends （if we buy and are satisfied with their products）or as family （if we work for them）? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee? More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society?My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values． Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders． In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit． Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens． The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit． Their defining goal is to generate profit． There are cases when telling the truth is the best means to advance corporate profits． In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisonedTylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal, and told the entire truth about what had happened． This honesty turned a potential public﹣relations disaster into a triumph． But Johnson & Johnson's impressive corporate credo ends by saying, "Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit． The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long﹣term profit．"None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free﹣enterprise system． As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it's not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous． The self﹣serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy． At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations．（1）Mitt Romney most probably believes that________．A.individuals should pay more taxes than corporationsB.corporations should not be forced to pay more taxesC.people should care more about corporations' developmentD.corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do．（2）According to Paragraphs 2 and 3， it can be inferred that corporations________．A.should be set as moral examples of the societyB.take employees' faithfulness as part of their goalsC.contribute little to the most essential human valuesD.are actually means by which people share profits．（3）The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that________．A.corporations always make profits at the expense of people's healthB.customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any productC.corporations take economic profit as their priority essentiallyD.corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？________A.Corporations， People and TruthB.Corporations Are Different from PeopleC.Corporations Are UntrustworthyD.The Occupy Wall Street Protest．五、六选四)7. Although books are still popular with teenagers， most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperbook．（1）_______Instead of publishing whole book at once， they produce very short chapters， which they send oncea week to their readers by text message．（2）_______Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in． Common themes are love， tragedy and betrayal， and the stories often deal with difficult or controversial issues．Twenty﹣one﹣year﹣old Rin wrote her novel over a six﹣month period in spare moments，often while commuting on the train．（3）_______Her book sold 40000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list． Rin said that her mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book withher daughter's name on it（4）_______Chapters have no more than 200 words， and often just 50﹣100words． Sentences are short and there are no descriptions of anything or anybody because there isn't space． The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct，conveying a lot in a few words．In 2009， a young Japanese writer called Takatsu， who lives in Canada， began writing the first English language cell phone novel， Secondhand Memories． Takatsu had read anEnglish translation of Rin's story and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language． It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories．（5）_______He now believes that， in English， cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own． Cell phone novels encourage young people to engage in fiction， even those who would not normally pick up a book． They could be described as ten novels for the 21st century．A． Books are sometimes regarded as old﹣fashioned and difficult to read．B． In response 10 this trend， some smart young authors have changed the way they write．C． However， as the story progressed， the style gradually evolved into something different．D． She typed out chapters on her phone and uploaded them onto a popular website forcell phone authors．E． No money is made from cell phone novels unless they are published as books．F． The style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the medium．G． Although the idea originated in Japan， cell phone novels have also appeared in therest of world．六、概要写作)8. Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．It's undeniable： Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology iscool． There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before the feeling thatyou're living in the future． And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget， people stare in fascination． They ask you questions． They see you as the holder of powerful， secret knowledge for a little while， until the next big thing comes along． People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness， which theypay in more ways than one． Don't fall into the early adopter trap． Don't join the firstwave of consumers who invest in the latest media﹣hyped hardware： instead， wait and see．To put it frankly， early adoption is a bad investment． First， the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive， they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be． Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can， and they know that there are serious tech﹣lovers who will pay a great deal to be first． Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands， theycan cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase： selling the product to everyone else． This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U． S． 200 only eight months after its release． Plus， electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time． Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release， and they will likely keep falling． Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market． Further，electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete （废弃的） so quickly． This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value． The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months．Speaking of becoming obsolete， those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on． Another good reason to resist the early﹣adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically hasdefects that cost a lot in time and frustration． Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters． Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time， don't be among the first users． If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget， you can look forward to a smoother experience or choose a less troublesome product．七、根据所给汉语意思完成句子)9. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（1）每个人都应该为慈善出一份力，这无关地位和财富。

2021届晋元高级中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASahara Marathon 2021-Around the WorldThe Sahara Marathon is organized by the Saharawi Ministry of Youth and Sports and a group of volunteers from different countries. During the last twenty years, thousands of runners from all continents have traveled to the Algerian desert to live the experience provided by this race and to bond with refugee families. In this unique edition of 2021, the experience will be different. The race will be held in a virtual way and the donations collected through the event will go to the most needy families in the Saharawi Camps of Tindouf.Rules of the 2021 Sahara MarathonParticipationAll those people over 16 years of age (16 included) may take part in this virtual competition, as long as they are correctly registered, both in time and in form. The registered runner must download the Official Sahara Marathon APP to take the race.Distance and TravelThe distance options selectable in the APP are: 5k, 10k, 21k and 42k. As it is a virtual test, it is very important to make sure that the chosen route allows good mobile coverage for the correct functioning of the GPS. RegistrationRegistration has a cost of 15 euros, which includes participation in the race and a donation of 5 euros to refugee families. Participants can, if they choose, purchase the official pack of the test (T-shirt, scar, and bib) for the price of 25 euros.AcceptanceRegistration is personal and non-transferable and implies acceptance of these regulations. Runners who are not registered or run without the APP will not be admitted.1. What can we learn about the 2021 Sahara Marathon?A. It is a big family event.B. It provides a virtual tour.C. It raises money for charity.D. It will be held in the desert.2. How much should a runner pay if he wants to register for the race?A. 15 euros.B. 20 euros.C. 25 euros.D. 40 euros.3. What are runners required to do in the race?A. Choose safe routes.B. Wear casual clothes.C. Run with the official app.D. Transfer registration in time.BSmart speakers have proven to be handy devices in hospitals, allowing patients to control independently . And now, researchers from theUniversityofWashingtonhave developed an artificial intelligence system that enables these devices to monitor heartbeats.Using technology to remotely monitor heart rates isn't new. These days most smartwatches and fitness trackers are capable of it. The good thing here is that researchers have figured out a way to use the microphones in smart speakers to do it without requiring physical contact.In a study published inCommunications Biology, the researchers had the smart speakers send out signals that couldn't be heard which were then reflected off a person's body. They then analyzed these signals to identify small chest wall motions related to heartbeats, as well as separate those signals from surrounding noise and breathing.For this particular proof — of — concept setup, the researchers tested this smart speaker on 26 healthy participants and 24 hospitalized patients with various heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation（心房颤动）and heart failure. In both cases, the smart speaker was within 28 -30 milliseconds of an ECG（心电图）,the gold standard used in hospitals to discover arrhythmia（心律不齐）.Like smartwatches with advanced heart features, using smart speakers in this way opens up the possibility for passive, remote heart monitoring. ECGs, while highly accurate, require a visit to the doctor and several electrodes （电极）to be placed on the body. They,re not capable of continuous monitoring so you're limited to what it picks up at that exact moment in time ——one reason why heart arrhythmia can be so hard to discover.Smartwatches are capable of passive, remote, continuous monitoring, but they require you to wear the device at all times to be effective. It's not something that's comfortable for everyone, especially when it comes to sleep and for those with highly sensitive skin. Another issue is that these advanced smartwatches are expensive, while smart speakers are much cheaper.“If you have a device like this, you can monitor a patient on an extended basis and then develop corresponding care plans that satisfy the patient' s needs,“ said Dr. Arun Sridhar, co — senior author on the study. "And the beauty of using this kind of devices is that they are already in people's homes.”4. What does the author focus on in Paragraph 3?A. How the smart speaker works.B. Why the smart speaker is useful.C. The advantages of smart speakers.D. The importance of the study.5. Why is heart arrhythmia difficult to find?A. ECGs are not highly accurate.B. ECGs can't monitor continuously.C. Doctors know little about heart arrhythmia.D. An ECG test is hard to operate and expensive.6. Which statement best explains the characteristics of smartwatches?A. They are comfortable to wear.B. They are friendly to sensitive skin.C. They are effective and cheap.D. They are able to monitor remotely.7. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. We need to invent more smart devices.B. Care plans are vital to patients with heart failure.C. Smart speakers could be contactless heart monitors.D. Different devices are needed to meet patients,demands.CPreparations for the Tokyo Olympics have suffered another challenge after a survey found that 60% of people in Japan want them to be cancelled,less than three months before the Games are scheduled to open.Japan has extended a state of emergency in Tokyo and several other regions until the end of May as it struggles to control a fast increase in COVID-19 cases caused by new, more catching variants（变异体）with medical staff warning that health services in some areas are on the edge of breaking down.The Olympics, which were delayed by a year due to the pandemic, are set to open on 23 July, with the International Olympic Committee（IOC）and organizers insisting that measures will be put in place to ensure the safety of athletes and other visitors, as well as a nervous Japanese public.The survey, conducted between 7 and 9 May by the conservative Yomiuri Shimbun, showed 60% wanted the Games cancelled as opposed to 39% who said they should be held. “Postponement” — an option abandoned bythe IOC — was not offered as a choice.Of those who said the Olympics should go ahead, 23% said they should take place without audience. Foreign audience have been banned but a final decision on native attendance will be made in June.Another poll conducted at the weekend by TBS News found 65% wanted the Games cancelled or postponed again, with 37% voting to give up the event altogether and 28% calling for another delay. A similar poll in April conducted by Kyodo news agency found 70% wanted the Olympics cancelled or postponed.The IOC's vice president, John Coates, said that while Japanese sentiment about the Games “was a concern”, he could foresee no situation under which the sporting events would not go ahead.8. How many Japanese wish the Olympics would not be held in Tokyo according to the survey?A. 60%.B. 28%.C. 37%.D. 70%.9. What should be put into consideration if the Olympics open?A. The economic crisis.B. The urban transport.C. The safety of athletes.D. The health condition of citizens.10. What is some people's attitude towards foreign spectators in Paragraph 5?A. Welcome.B. Unfriendly.C. Cold.D. Unsupported.11. What can we conclude from John Coates'words?A. The Olympics will be stopped this year.B. The Olympics will be put off.C. The Olympics will be held normally.D. The Olympics will take place in other place.DIt was the first day of spring here but it didn't feel like it. The COVID-19 epidemic (流行病) was sweeping the globe and everywhere there were feelings of fear and loneliness. “Social Distancing” had become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had been told to work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered workshop where my oldest son worked had been closed until further notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of the sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.My family were staying at home as much as possible and as I looked out of my window I wondered how long this crisis would last. It was then, however, that I saw something that lifted that weight off of my soul, made mesmile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from high school who was a teacher there. With him was my younger son's former aide from the high school as well. They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck at home. Watching them made me think of something everyone's childhood television neighbor, Mr. Roger's once said: "In the bad times, always look for the helpers."I have no doubt that this crisis will pass as all the crisis before. But it is our choice on whether it brings out the best in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use it to free yourself from fear. Use it to grow kinder, more giving, and more loving. Become a helper to all those in need and you will be a happy person today and all the days to come.12. Why didn't the author like the first day of spring?A. He had to work at home instead of at office.B. There wasn't social distance between each other.C. There was an epidemic everywhere in the world.D. His own company had been closed for a long time.13. How did people feel in the face of the epidemic?A. Disappointed.B. TenseC. Confident.D. Cheerful.14. What made the author happy?A. Seeing someone delivering lunches from door to door.B. Talking with his old friend in the street.C. Watching a childhood television at home.D. Staying together with his family.15. What do Mr. Roger's words actually mean?A. It's not necessary for us to find helpers in bad times.B. In good times we needn't do much to help others.C. We should ask more people to help us in bad times.D. We are supposed to help each other in bad times.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年晋元高级中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABest of British：Outdoor CinemasLuna Beach Cinema, BrightonOn the beaches of Brighton this summer, you can enjoy the lapping of waves as you take inFinding Dory, Moana and Sharknadoover a month-long residency. This spot boasts the highest definition outdoor LED screen in the country. stretching to an impressive 33 feet!Moonlight Flicks, ChesterThe biggest outdoor cinema in the North West of England, Moonlight Flicks will be showing some serious blockbusters（大片）this summer, including A Star Is Born and singalong crowd-pleaser, The Greatest Showman. Cinephiles can gather on the lawn and plug into wireless headphones to ensure perfect sound quality.Rooftop Film Club, LondonEnjoy cult classics and family favorites while looking out on a view of London's skyline with the city's unique Rooftop Film Club. The current programme only runs until June 30 and our top picks include The Breakfast Club, Fargo and a special 65th anniversary showing of Rear Window.Chirk Castle, Wrexham, North WalesThe 11th-century Chirk Castle was first built under the reign o£ Edward I, but now it's the destination for Silly Walk superfans, as they put on screenings of the cult classic, Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Has there ever been a more perfect surrounding to enjoy the comedy capers of King Arthur and his dozy squire?1. What can you enjoy in the biggest outdoor cinema in the North West of England?A.Finding DoryB.A Star Is BornC.The Breakfast ClubD.Monty Python and the Holy Grail.2. Where can you enjoy a special anniversary show?A. Luna Beach Cinema, Brighton.B. Moonlight Flicks, Chester.C. Rooftop Film Club, London.D. Chirk Castle, Wrexham, North Wales3. What's the purpose of writing the text?A. To encourage summer activities.B. To advertise several cult classics.C. To recommend some blockbusters.D. To introduce outdoor cinemas.BI am a part of the Windward Robotics team known as the Omnicats, one of the many clubs offered at my school. My eight teammates and I started out by watching the robotics qualifiers and finals of Chinese teams. We used these robotics videos for inspiration and drew up mind maps of what our team wanted to do.We meet every day for two hours after school in order to build our robots. Typically, adultsoverseewhat students are building, but my school lets teens take control. It leaves room for more errors, but we're prouder of our final product.Before our first real match, a practice was offered at the actual site. My sub-team had been further along than other teams but quickly fell behind. When we arrived on that big day, I immediately felt my teammates' nervousness. Our first match was in three minutes. All of us glanced around at each other since we were not prepared at all. Our robot was still sitting in a box. Two of our teammates rushed to take the robot for an official examination as the rest of us discussed our strategy (策略).Our team captain explained that we all should try driving the robot now, while it was early in the season. She gave me the remote. I had only driven for a limited amount of time in practice so I was extremely nervous. Our autonomous code (自动代码) beganto run almost immediately after our short discussion. Despite all the drama, we ended up winning the match.Not too bad for the first match! I was so proud. I did not enjoy the pressure of driving but liked building the robot behind the scenes instead.We have transferred to a different type of robotics at the end of the semester, which involves the whole team designing one giant robot with large tools. I am a part of the electrical team now, so I make sure the motherboard (母板) can supply the robot's energy needs. We have all enjoyed the rest of the season and learned that robotics it never dull!4. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. InspectB. AdmireC. OverlookD. Assume5. Why did her teammatesfed so nervous before first match?A. Because it was really too difficult for them.B. Because they didn't prepare for it at all.C. Because they didn't know what the match would be like.D. Because they didn't make full preparations before the match.6. How did the author feel about their first robotics match?A. It was tiring but exciting.B. It was stressful but wonderful.C. It was terrible but powerful.D. It was boring but professional7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Girl Who Loves RobotsB. My First Robotics MatchC. Teamwork for RobotsD. Robotics Is Never DullCAt the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded thatplanting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of theUnited States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claimthat global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.8. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?A. It was published in a journal.B. It was proposed last summer.C. It was put forward by Trump.D. It drew lots of public attention.9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. A drawback of the tree planting strategy.B. An example of balancing carbon release.C. An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell.D. A responsibility for politicians and economists.10. What was Justin Gillis's attitude towards global tree restoration?A. Indifferent.B. Opposed.C. Hesitant.D. Supportive.11. What is the best title for the text?A. Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting.B. A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue.C. Planting Trees Won't Save the World.D. The Best Solution to Climate Change.DAt Aizo Chuo Hospital in Japan, employees greet newcomers, guide patients to and from the surgery area, and print out maps of the hospital for confused visitors. They don’t take lunch breaks or even get paid. Why? They’re robots!Robots have long worked in factories, helping to build cars and electronic appliances. But today’s robots don’t just do the jobs of people－they actually look and act a lot like people.Kansei, arobot from Japan, has a plastic face covering 19 movable parts. The robot can make 36 facial expressions in response to different words. Kansei shakes in fear at the word “war” and smiles when it hears the word “dinner”.Researchers in Europe are going even further with iCub, a “baby” robot. They are teaching it to speak and hold conversations.The ability to interact is crucial for robots that will one day work closely with humans says robotics professorChrisAtkeson. “ This will require robots to understand what you say and how you are feeling and respond with appropriate emotions, ” he told WR News.Japanese scientist Minoru Asada agrees. He is building a robot called CB2 that acts like a real baby. “ Right now, it only goes, ̒Ah, ah. ̓But as we develop its learning function, it will start saying more complex sentences and moving on its own, ” Asada says. “ Next-generation robots need to be able to learn and develop by themselves.”Intelligent robot will become more important in the future, as populations age and the number of human workers declines in many countries. “ We’re going to have many more old people and not enough young people to care for them,” says robot researcher Matthew Mason. “ Technology can help the old people live at home longer, instead of going to nursing homes.”12. According to the passage, what jobs have robots already performed?A. Giving advice, answering customer questions and planning events.B. Producing factory goods, building cars and greeting customers.C. Greeting customers, producing factory goods and performing surgery.D. Building cars, driving passengers and providing directions.13. The second paragraph in this passage is mainly about?A. To explain how a robot works.B. To define what a robot is.C. To describe the functions of modern robots.D. To predict the future uses of robots.14. How does the Kansei robot react on the word “fire”?A. Use languages to warn nearby humans.B Back up its memory files.C. Activate an automatic fire alarm.D. Produce a worried look on his face.15. In Asada’s opinion, the next step for robots will be to develop_______.A. the ability to learn independentlyB. the ability to understand human commandsC. the capacity to interact with humansD. the willingness to work together第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年晋元高级中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALooking to the future, we are now focusing on next year's tours. We are not presently taking bookings, but if a specific tour lifts your spirits, why not mark your interest and we will contact you when the time is right.JapanOctober 2021A centre for technology with natural beauty, Japan is a must-see destination for science and nature lovers. Join us on a special journey across the country during its fantastic autumn to see its amazing landscapes, visit leading scientific institutions and experience robotics and AI.AntarcticaApril to September 2021Join us aboard the Magellan Explorer for an exciting adventure to South Georgia and the Antarctic Peninsula, exploring the world's largest ocean reserve and best ocean ecosystem. Follow in the footstepsof the great scientists while marveling（惊叹）at icebergs, ancient glaciers and ice flies onto volcanic beaches.ItalyMarch and June 2021Encounter the great scientific minds and discoveries of the Renaissance on a cultural adventure across two of its cities, Florence and Bologna. Enjoy beautiful surroundings as you take in the wonderful collections, buildings and churches that demonstrate the period across architecture and paintings.Czech RepublicMay and July 2021Discover the legacy（遗产）of Kepler and Brahe in Prague, a city where astronomy, maths, medicine and architecture connect. Kepler became the father of modern astronomy supported by the observational data from Brahe.1. What can travelers do in Japan?A. Experience space travel.B. Enjoy its spring landscape.C. Visit its scientific institutions .D. Learn about its traditional culture.2. Which of the following can you choose if you are free in August?A. Japan.B. Italy.C. Antarctica.D. Czech Republic .3. What do Italy and Czech Republic havein common?A. Astronomy.B. Architecture.C. Paintings.D. Medicine .BThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions-such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands— to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost.Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. Hill-farmers can make more money from foreign travellers than working in their fields. It is not surprising that many o£ them give up their farm-work. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is lacking labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.InArcticand desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a ly short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. What should they do if these new sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major roads, but perhaps more important are the forest destruction and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited through heavy use.4. Why are some countries promoting the wilderness regions to tourists?A. The wildness regions are accessible to tourists.B. The landscapes there are beautiful and unique.C. Developing tourism there doesn't need much investment.D. Lots of high-spending tourists prefer such remote regions.5. What is the effect of tourism on the local community?A. Many hill farmers have turned to outside supplies of foods.B. There is enough labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems.C. Farm output there has increased and local diet has changed.D. The local people's new sources of income will dry up soon.6. Which might be the best title of the passage?A. The future of wilderness tourism.B. The impacts of wilderness tourism.C. The destruction of wilderness tourism.D. The disadvantages of wilderness tourism.7. If there is one more paragraph following the last paragraph, what will it talk about?A. The effects on local people.B. The solutions tothese problems.C. The choices of adventure tourists.D. The reasons for visiting remote areas.CMy mother is a teacher. I often asked her, “ Why do you teach? What keeps you teaching?” The answer was always the same. “There is always that one child, that one moment that is worth it.”Now, I am a teacher, too. But different from my mother, I teach students challenging activities outdoors. And when my mother asked me the similar questions, my answer was, “It’s that one child, that one special moment.”One of those moments happened recently. I was working with a group of girls in a four-week programme. Everything went on well through the “Team” events and we were moving on to a“High” one called the Wire Walk.In the Wire Walk, each girl had to climb up the pegs in a tree to a wire, 8 meters high, and then walk across it. Of course, everything was safe for sure.When it was Susie's turn, it seemed that she didn't really want to. I asked Susie if she was ready. She answered softly, “I suppose.”Now, Susie was at the foot of the tree. She started to make the long reach. Then I found Susie was becoming nervous with every step. I realized she would not go much further.Susie was halfway up. Then she stopped and held the tree tight, looking very afraid. Her eyes were closed. With her face against the tree, she cried, “I can't.”The other girls sat in silence. I talked quietly to Susie, trying to relax her. I talked for a long time till I ran out of words.“I will still be your friend no matter what, Susie!” Mary broke the silence.To my surprise, Susie lifted her head and looked up to the wire. Then she turned to look down at Mary and smiled. Mary smiled back.Finally, Susie made it all the way across that wire. When she returned to the ground, the first hug she looked for was from Mary. We all cheered. Moments like this keep me doing what I do.8. Why did Susie stop halfway up to the wire?A. It was too high for her to reach.B. She was too afraid to move on.C. Something was wrong with it.D. The teacher asked her to do it.9. Why did Mary break the silence?A. To try again herself.B. To relax the writer.C. To encourage Susie.D. To draw Susie's attention.10. What can we learn from the story of Susie?A. Helping others is helping ourselves.B. A word of encouragement matters a lot.C. Outdoor activities bring peoplecloser than ever.D. A good method plays an important role in teaching.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. The Wire WalkB. That One MomentC. Fear and CourageD. The Young HeartsDEvery day in the United States animals are beaten, ignored, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in poor conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the mercy they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren't so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused(受虐待的) animals’ rights and seriously punish heartless owners.One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is to know what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of ignorance or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and finally death. Examples include starvation, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty issometimes due to the owner's ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate ignorant owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation(传票) or putting them in prison.Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well-known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposeful harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence---possibly against humans.It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of achievement or power in torturing a victim that they know can't fight back. While not all animal abusers become serial killers, it is important to take every case seriously.As a nation we need to make it our right to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.”12. What is the first step to do with the passive cruelty abusers?A. To throw them into prison.B. To bring the case to the court.C. To teach them how to treat animals.D. To give them a strong warning.13. We can learn from Para.3 that active cruelty ______.A. is actually a sign of power or controlB. has been taken seriously in the nationC. may lead to serious psychological problemsD. may cause acts of violence against humans14. What is the author’s attitude towards animal cruelty?A. Uncertain.B. Doubtful.C. Concerned.D. Pessimistic.15. The author wrote this passage to ______.A. warn those heartless pet ownersB. tell people the harm of animal crueltyC. explain the reasons why people harm animalsD. call on people to fight for the abused animals第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海市晋元高级中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStepping Out Into NatureThe classic road trip is more popular than ever. Here are several places to hit the open road.Colo-road TripsThe Colorado Tourism Office has made it easy for road-trippers to explore the state’s 24 Scenic & Historic Byways.A new microsite includes-an interactive map that enables travelers to explore options by region, interest or season. Travelers seeking inspiration can also access insider tips and side-trip suggestions for historic attractions, active adventures and highlight cultural opportunities.TheBeartooth Highway.Visitors of this extraordinary byway experience the grand sights ofMontana,WyomingandYellowstonePark. The windy 68-mile stretch introduces road explorers to one of the most diverse ecosystems accessible by auto. Breathtakingly beautiful, this All-American Road showcases wide, high alpine plateaus（高原）, painted with ice blue lakes, forested valleys, waterfalls and wildlife.SewardHighway,AlaskaThe road that connectsAnchorageto Seward is 127-mile treasure of natural beauty, wildlife and stories of adventure. The drive begins at the base of theChugach Mountains, hugs the scenic shores of Turnagain Arm and winds through gold mining towns, national forests and fishing villages. Expect waterfalls, glaciers, eagles and some good bear stories.The Lighthouse Trail,MaineTravel the 375 miles betweenKitteryandCalais,Maine, visiting lighthouses along the way. Hear tales of shipwrecks（海难）and of the difficult and lonely life led by those who kept the lights burning brightly. If possible, visit theMaineLighthouseMuseum. where artifacts and hands-on exhibits for children provide an appealing break.1.What makes Colo-road Tips special?A.Good bear stories.B.A scenic beach.C.Hands-on exhibits.D.An interactive map.2.Where can you explore state of gold miners?A.Colorado.B.Montana.C.Alaska.D.Maine3.Which place is suitable for a family with children?A.Colo-road Trips.B.TheBeartooth Highway.C.Seward Highway.D.The Lighthouse Trail.BA 24-year-old female space commander has become a viral sensation on Chinese social media for her work.Zhou Chengyu was in charge of the rocket connector system---described as a vital role. Her story in particular has drawn the public’s attention given her young age. Social media users have been celebrating her brilliance and referring to her as pride of the country.Being the youngest of the team, Zhou Chengyu was born in1996 intheprovinceofGuizhou. She is certainly not “old” enough compared with her colleagues, but she is known at work as "Big Sister” as a sign of respect. Once in a 3-km running contest, she actually beat half of her male counterparts. Although work shifts are not uncommon at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, each shift requires tremendous courage because of the different background knowledge. However, for Zhou Chengyu, she experienced multiple positions in 5 launching tests and now she is the youngest commander at the site.Despite carefulness and high responsibility at work, she is just like her peers in normal life. Eating snacks and shopping are her favorite free-time activities. Her high school teacher remembers her as tough and determined. “She always had a dream of becoming scientist,” said her physics teacher.According to her colleague, Zhou Chengyu was very surprised when she found out shewent viralonline. She said that she was happy when she saw people online regarding her as the pride of the country, and yet she kept saying that she was “nobody but normal worker at a launch site” and there are a lot more people just like her going unnoticed while doing the hardest job to guarantee a better future for the Chinese space program. She also said that she wished to remain her current status and continue doing her work with or without the popularity.4. What makes Zhou Chengyu the pride of the country?A. Her young age.B. Her vital role in her work.C. Her great courage.D. Her responsibility at work.5. Which of the following words can best describe Zhou Chengyu?A. Learned and confident.B. Respectable and generous.C. Patient and responsible.D. Modest and determined.6. Which of the following can replace the underlined words in paragraph 5?A. took prideB. made a contributionC. became a hitD. made an achievement7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Young PrideB. A Successful ColleagueC. An Extraordinary DreamD. An Ambitious CommanderCAs an eco-minimalist, Su Yige has maintained an environmentally friendly and sustainable lifestyle for the past three years while studying in Canada. She takes her own bag when she goes grocery shopping and uses second-hand items as often as possible. She avoids almost all paper-related products unless she has to use a public toilet while away from home.Diligence and thrift are time-honored traditional Chinese virtues. Su's family is a good example of this, according to the native of Weihai, Shandong province. Although they have little formal “green” knowledge, her parents lead a very environmentally friendly life.For example, the family has used the same hair dryer for more than a decade, and Su remembers many of her mother's clothes from as far back as kindergarten. “As long as something can still be used, my mother will not replace it with a new item,” she said.“I frequently asked my father to bring the plastic bag back home after dumping our waste in the trash bin. He was unhappy, and argued that instead of making that request, I should go downstairs to dump the waste myself” she said. In another move, her father criticized her for doing too much shopping online. Eventually, they both made steps toward becoming better environmentalists. Her father brings the bag back for reuse and she has only bought two pieces of clothing online in the past six months.Back in Canada, Su is looking forward to finding a job related to sustainable development in China after she graduates as a computer science major in the summer.8. Which of the following best describes Su Yige?A. Conservative.B. Nostalgic.C. Economical.D. Productive.9. What can be found about Su's mother according to the third paragraph?A. She has a lot of formal green knowledge.B. She regards using the same items as a lifestyle.C. She always wears old clothes due to lack of money.D. She will not replace the old items until they are out of style.10. What can be inferred about Su and her father?A. Both of them like to criticize each other.B. Su's father is particular about her clothes.C. The relationship between them is very tense.D. They urge each other to become more environmentally friendly.11. What can we learn about the author soon after she graduates in Canada?A. She will stay there to look for a job.B. She will put effort into computer science.C. She will devote herself to her motherland's future.D. She will come back to China to stay with her parents.DOn World Oceans Day, which falls on June 8, the US National Geographic Society announced it would recognize the Southern Ocean in Antarctica, bringing the global total to five.Unlike the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and PacificOceans—which are defined by the continents that bound them—the Southern Ocean is instead characterized by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current（南极洋流）. According to the National Geographic, the Southern Ocean includes most of the waters surrounding Antarcticaout to 60 degrees south latitude（纬度）."Encircled by the powerfully swift ACC, it is the only ocean to touch three others and to completely embrace a continent rather than being embraced by them," Sylvia Earle, a marine biologist and oceanographer, told the Daily Mail.Those familiar with the Southern Ocean know it's unlike any other. "Anyone who has been there will struggle to explain what's so charming about it, but they'll all agree that the glaciers are bluer, the air colder, the mountains more awful and the landscapes morecaptivatingthan anywhere else you can go," Seth Sykora-Bodie, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, told National Geographic.National Geographic hopes their revised maps will bring public awareness to the region, thereby encouraging Southern Ocean conservation—but its significance is beyond that."We think it's really important from an educational standpoint, as well as from a map-labeling standpoint, to bring attention to the Southern Ocean as a fifth ocean," Alex Tait, National Geographic Society geographer, told The Post. "So when students learn about parts of the ocean world, they learn it's an interconnected ocean, and they learn there are these regions called oceans that are really important, and there's a distinct one in the icywaters around Antarctica."12. Why is the Southern Ocean different from other oceans?A. It has never been explored before.B. It surrounds the Antarctic all around.C. It is enclosed by the fast-flowing ACC.D. It has ecologically distinct environment.13. What does the underlined word "captivating" in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Strange.B. Unusual.C. Attractive.D. Informal.14. What does the National Geographic think of the Southern Ocean?A. It will be instructive for students.B. It will promote tourism development.C. It will encourage public to treasure water.D. It will draw scientists to study in the Antarctic.15. What is the best title for the text?A. World Oceans DayB. Revised Antarctic MapsC. Adding a New OceanD. New Discovery under the Sea第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Exploring BeyondFollowing the call of our restless genes has not ended well for all explorers. The British explorer Captain James Cook died in a fight with Hawaiians ten years after he received the precious map from Tupaia. His death, some say, brought to a close (21) ________ Western historians call the Age of Exploration. Yet it hardly (22) ________ (end) our exploring. We have remained enthusiastic about filling in the Earth's maps; reaching its farthest poles, highest peaks, and deepest trenches（海沟）; sailing to its every corner and then flying off the planet entirely. With the NASA Rover Curiosity now (23) ________ (stir) us all as it explores Mars, some countries and private companies are preparing to send humans to the red planet as well. Some visionaries even talk of having a spacecraft (24) ________ (send) to the nearest star.NASA's Michael Barratt - a doctor, diver, and jet pilot; a sailor for 40 years; an astronaut for 12 - is among those (25) ________ ache to go to Mars. Barratt consciously sees himself as an explorer Cook and Tupaia. "We're doing what (26) ________ did," he says. "It works this way at every point in human history. A society develops an enabling technology, (27) ________ it's the ability to preserve and carry food or build a ship or launch a rocket."Not all of us (28) ________ ride a rocket or sail the infinite sea, Yet, (29) ________ a species, we're curious enough and interested enough by the prospect to help pay for the trip and cheer at the voyagers' return. Yes, we hope to find a better place to live or acquire a larger territory or make a fortune. But we also explore simply (30) ________ (discover) what's there.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there isThe nocturnal（夜间活动的）dot-under wind moth（蛾）may use shape-shifting patterns on its winds as a way to attract mates in the dark. In a study published last September in Current Biology, scientists report the __31__ on males' fore-wings of three patches（色斑）that change darkness and size when viewed from particular angles. In females, the entire fore-wing darkens.Although butterfly and moth species that are active during the day are known to employ visual effects to communicate, researchers had thought their nocturnal cousins relied almost __32__ on chemical signals because of the lack of light. But these __33__ wing patterns, now found for the first time in a nocturnal moth, suggest the insects may also use visual signals. Because only the males have this pattern, researchers say it is likely a(n) __34__ selected mechanism.Jennifer Kelley, an ecologist based at the University of Western Australia, and her colleagues first noticed the visual phenomenon while looking at museum moth specimens（标本）for another project. "As soon as we figured the effect was angel - __35__, we knew that no understand how it works, we had to understand the __36__ physics," Kelley says. The group contacted Gerd Schroder-Turk and Bodo Wilts, who are physicists at Murdoch University in Perth and the Adolphe Merkle Institute in Switzerland respectively.Together the researchers found that when the wings are viewed from above, they __37__ available light directly, like a dull mirror. When viewed from an angle, however, they let some of the light through to reveal a deeper layer of darkness, which __38__ as patches on the male's wings. If the insects were to beat their wings __39__ - a common behavior among males approaching potential mates - the patches would flash on and off, creating a striking signal even in very __40__ light.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you are stuck on a problem, sometimes it is best to stop thinking about it - consciously, anyway. Research has shown that taking a break or a nap can help the brain create __41__ to a solution. Now a mew study __42__ on the effect of this so-called incubation（潜伏期）by using sound cues to focus the sleeping mind on a targeted problem.When humans sleep, parts of the brain replay certain memories, strengthening and transforming them. About a decade ago researchers developed a technique, called targeted memory reactivation (TMR), aimed at further enhancing __43__ memories: when a sound becomes associated with a memory and is later played during sleep, that memory gets __44__. In a study published last November in Psychological Science, scientists tested whether __45__ the memory of a puzzle during sleep might also improve problem - solving.About 60 participants visited the laboratory before and after a night of __46__. First, they __47__ spatial, verbal and conceptual puzzles, with a distinct music clip repeating in the background for each, until they had worked on six puzzles they could not solve. Overnight they wore electrodes（电极）to detect slow-wave sleep, which may be important for memory enhancement - and a device played the sounds __48__ to three of the six unsolved puzzles. The next day, back at the lab, the participants attempted the six puzzles again. (Each repeated the experiment with a different set of puzzles the following night.) All told, the subjects solved 32 percent of the sound - stimulated puzzles compared with 21 percent of the __49__ puzzles.The researchers "very bravely went for quite complex tasks that involved a lot of complex processing, and remarkably they found these really strong effects in all of their __50__", says Penny Lewis, a psychologist at Cardiff University, who was not involved in the research. "These are super-cool results. Now we need to go out and try to understand them by firstly replicating（复制）them and secondly trying to __51__ the component processes that are actually being influenced."Beyond providing new evidence that humans restructure memories while sleeping, the research may have __52__ implications. "In a futuristic world, maybe TMR could help us use sleep to work on our problems," says lead author Kristin Sanders, who was a graduate student at Northwestern University during the study. Sleep-monitoring technology is increasingly accessible - and even without devices, prospective solves can focus on important problems before __53__.Still, sleep is not __54__; people need to do their homework and load their heads with the puzzle pieces involved. "I'm not going to solve cancer with this technique," Sanders says, "because I am totally __55__ cancer research."41. A. applications B. commitment C. attention D. pathways42. A. counts B. expands C. insists D. passes43. A. treasured B. selected C. devoted D. shortened44. A. dimmed B. stored C. reactivated D. researched45. A. neglecting B. examining C. erasing D. revisiting46. A. sleep B. experiment C. training D. relaxation47. A. created B. solved C. attempted D. classified48. A. assigned B. transformed C. explained D. introduced49. A. unsettled B. untargeted C. unstated D. untested50. A. puzzles B. brains C. processes D. tasks51. A. work out B. turn to C. take on D. bring about52. A. individual B. conceptual C. practical D. collective53. A. dinner B. dawn C. bed D. schooling54. A. significant B. magic C. fixed D. possible55. A. dependent on B. curious about C. interested in D. ignorant ofSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I confess I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-someting times per year.The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things you hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesn't. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but it's hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanism - as if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as people - we come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, it's as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth.I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. It's a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I often fail. (I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.) Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria we've settled on over the years. We don't like the column to be timely -- everything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a headline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldn't be too recommendable: this isn't a column for life-hacks. The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected - "sideways," as editors are perhaps too fond of saying - but really, it's just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us.56. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found ________.A. the fashion trend was not easy to push against.B. there was a shortage of good quality columnsC. writers could hardly find a place to share their likesD. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership57. The word "ode" (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ________.A. praiseB. blameC. hesitationD. determination58. Why is the writer in his late 30s mentioned in paragraph 2?A. To give an example of the writerly tone.B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers.C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works.D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column.59. The writer hopes that in the column, ________.A. the recommended items are quite familiar to readersB. the recommended items should follow the latest trendC. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendationsD. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation(B)LilyStudying abroad is an area that is becoming increasingly interesting for researchers, as more students are choosing to do a semester, a year or even a degree in another country. In my research, I set out to establish whether young people attending a course abroad acquire more global awareness than students enrolled on similar courses in their home country. Using a comparative study of 50 Canadian undergraduates, half of whom studied abroad for varying lengths of time, there were shown to be considering gains in global awareness and these were not only noted by the students themselves but also their tutors.ThomasMy research project asked ten students starting a year of study abroad to keep a daily record of their experiences. Having begun the diary a month before leaving home they continued it for a month after they returned. The primary reason for studying abroad in all cases was to polish their language skills. The students were allowed to write as freely as they wished by were asked to include comments on their language learning experience as well as on the strategies they used to cope with living in a new culture. Analysing the diaries, we found remarkably similar patterns. All the participants demonstrate a gradual recognition and acceptance of difference in other cultures and a new objectivity about their own culture as a result of their experience.JasmineThis paper reports on some research carried out last year into why students choose a period of study abroad, their reasons for selecting a specific destination, their behaviour when abroad and the extent to which the experience matches their expectations. Having administered a questionnaire to 1,000 international students studying at a number of universities in Australia, we got 696 responses. An initial analysis of the responses has revealed some interesting data suggesting that the key factor affecting all the areas we were investigating was the individual's personality and study interests. Country of origin and gender proved less significant than expected.JimmyThis research looked at the career paths of 35 young business people who had spent part of their university course at a foreign educational institution in order to ascertain whether those people had acquired greater cross - cultural perspectives through their experience of study abroad. Concerned about the lack of cultural awareness of their staff, a group of US business corporations proposed the research. The results are less conclusive than expected, but they do suggest that a period of study in a foreign country may help students to develop the cross-cultural awareness that US employers currently seek.60. The passage is mainly about four researchers' findings to ________.A. the reasons for young students to study abroadB. the impact and effects of studying in another countryC. the trend of more students furthering their study abroadD. the interest of students who once studied in another country61. ________ used the subjects' personal account as the research material.A. LilyB. ThomasC. JasmineD. Jimmy62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Most of the researchers found the students global awareness increased.B. All of the researchers took a reserved attitude towards studying abroad.C. None of the researchers thought gender played a role in student's choice.D. Only one of the researchers did research on the subjects' career development.(C)When antibiotics（抗生素）first became available, framers used them freely. Now scientists know that the overuse of antibiotics can cultivate drug-resistant bacteria that are dangerous to human health. Among debates over what kinds of restrictions should be put in place, figuring out how antibiotic-resistant bacteria evolve and make their way to humansremains an area of intense interest.Jo Handelsman is tracing one such pathway that, as she puts it, travels from "farm to table." Handelsman, a microbiologist who is now associate director for science at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, looked into dairy cows, which are often treated with antibiotics and produce manure（排泄物）that farmers use on their crops. In addition to nutrients, that fertilizer may harbor antibiotic-resistant bacteria - a problem because the bacteria can come into contact with plants that are finally shipped to supermarkets and sometimes eaten raw.To find out how those antibiotic-resistant bacteria come to exist, Handelsman and her colleagues at Yale University added manure from a nearby Connecticut farm to raised beds of soil in 2013. In this case, the manure specifically came from cows that were not treated with antibiotics. The researchers unexpectedly found that there were more soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes when they were grown with the manure than when they were grown with synthetic nitrogen-based fertilize-even though the cows were drug-free.Previous research had found that manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contains resistant bacteria, but the cow-pie results suggest there are more factors promoting resistance besides antibiotic use. Something about manure itself may encourage naturally resistant bacteria to increase.The findings should not, however, give the impression that resistance is everywhere, notes Lance Price, a microbiologist at George Washington University (who was not involved in the study). "We can control this. There's very clear evidence that when we turn off the antibiotic tap, we bring down drug-resistant bacteria," says Lance.Next on the farm-to-table schedule, Handelsman will test whether radishes grown in soil treated with cow manure are capable of taking up resistant genes from bacteria through their vascular system（循环系统）. "They have veins（血管）just like us," she says. "We don't have any evidence yet that they're taking up the bacteria, but it's a really interesting possibility."63. What does Jo Handelsman's research focus on?A. How antibiotics makes its way onto our table.B. What restrictions should be put on antibiotics use.C. How antibiotics - resistant bacteria reach human beings.D. What damage the overuse of antibiotics does to humans.64. What did Jo's research find?A. Drug-free cows produced manure with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.B. Synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizer did more good to the environment.C. Soil bacteria carrying antibiotic-resistant genes were increasing with time.D. Manure from pigs treated with antibiotics contained fewer resistant bacteria.65. Lance Price is quoted in the passage in order to ________.A. provide more evidence that drug-resistance bacteria are dangerousB. suggest another possible explanation to the antibiotics problemsC. emphasize the importance of feeding cows with no antibioticsD. show that the research findings may not be that worrisome66. Which of the following statements is Jo most likely to agree with?A. It is very likely that widespread resistance to antibiotics is not inevitable.B. Plants grown in soil fertilized with cow manure may contain drug-resistant genes.C. There is possibility that radishes take up resistant genes wherever they are planted.D. The vascular system plays a key role in guarding radishes against bacteria.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Even a small increase in light activity, such as washing dishes or a little gentle gardening, might help lower the risk of an early death among older adults, researchers say."It is important for elderly people, who might not be able to do much moderate intensity activity, that just moving around and doing light intensity activity will have strong effects and is beneficial," said Ulf Ekelund, a professor and first author of the study at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. However, the study finds that there is more "bang for your buck" if you engage in intense activity compared with light activity. ________67________Published in the BMJ, the latest research involved a review of eight studies encompassing a total of more than 36,000 people with an average age of almost 63 years. Participants were followed for five to six years; 2,149 deaths wer3e recorded. Crucially, all of the studies involved monitoring the physical activity of individuals who had activity trackers.________68________.For each study participants were split into four equal-sized groups, based on the total amount of time spent active, and the risk of death assessed, taking into account factors such as age, gender, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. This was then repeated for an amount of activity at different levels of intensity. The results were analysed together to give an overview. ________69________ The results held for different intensities of activity. The team said the study supported the message "sit less and move more and more often."________70________ It only looked at the situation for middle age and older adults, most of whom lived in the US or Europe, and some of the effect could be due to those people with a higher risk of death being less likely to engage in physical activity. Physical activity levels also were only measured over one period of time.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Useful BeanDo you know what the common factor in bee food, vinyl plastic, and tofu is? It is soybean. Some part of the soybean is used in these products as well as many other edible（可以食用的）and nonedible products.The soybean is also considered to be one of the multipurpose and hardy plants. It can grow in low-quality soil. Throughout the life of the plant, a release of nutrients throughout plant roots makes soil more fertile. Soybeans are also very high in protein. With its hardiness, soil benefits, high-protein content, and various uses, some people believe the soybean will become the greatest weapon against world hunger.There are three standard procedures taken from the soybean plant - oil, protein, and whole soybeans. Oil is used for edible purposes such as cooking oil and salad dressing. Industries make nonedible use of soybean oil by adding to antistatic sprays, printer ink, and shampoo. One significant nonedible use of soybean oil is the making of vinyl plastics. Vinyl is used to make everything from credit cards and garden hoses to computer parts.Protein from the soybean is also used in edible and nonedible products. Edible uses for the protein include baby foods and hypoallergenic milk. Even animals benefit: bee food and fish food contain protein from the soybean. Some industries use the protein for nonedible purposes such as cosmetics, adhesives, yarn, and water-based paints.Items made using whole soybeans are the most commonly recognized product of the soybean plant. Whole soybeans are used to make food-for people and animals. Grocery stores carry a variety of foods made with whole soybeans. Some of these items are pancake flour, coffee, soymilk, soy sauce and tofu.As the versatility（多用途）and hardiness of this bean gains popularity, more uses of soybean products will certainly be discovered.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。

2021年高三上学期9月月考英语试题含答案xx.9.16第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题有阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15B. ￡9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C。

1.What time is it now?A. 9:10B.9:50C.10:002.What does the woman think of the weather?A. It’s nice.B. It’s warm.C. It’s cold.3.What will the man do?A. Attend a meetingB. Give a lectureC. Leave his office4.What is the woman’s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth takingC. Very easy.5.What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louderB. Apologize to herC. Turn off the radio.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给我A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段对话，回答第6、7 题。

6.How long did Michael stay in China?A,Five days. B. One week C.Two weeks7.Where did Michael go last year?A. RussiaB. NorwayC. India听第7段对话，回答第8、9题。

2021年上海市晋元高级中学附属学校高三英语月考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABored with your life? Dreaming of something different? I always wonder what life would be like400 kmabove my head. That's where the International Space Station orbits the earth, with six astronauts living and working on board, for months at a time.How do they sleep? They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle (小隔间) on the ceiling. American astronaut Sunita Williams explains, “It's like a little phone booth, but it's pretty comfortable and it doesn't matter if I turn overand sleep upside down. I don't have any sensation (感觉) in my head that tells me I'm upside down.”Brushing your teeth in a place where you can't have a tap or a sink can be a challenge. Can you imagine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity? Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when he's done.Daily exercise is essential. The lack of gravity makes bones more fragile and muscles lose strength — so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on earth. So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performing and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747. Almost every task is carefully planned by mission control — although most astronauts spend their first days losing things until they get used to sticking everything they use to the walls with Velcro, duct tape (强力胶带) or clips (夹子)．One of their most valued perks (额外待遇) is the view from “the office”, dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there, sitting in the darkness of space. Wow! Absolutely breathtaking!1. When they sleep upside down, the astronauts willnot get dizzy because ________.A. they don't feel itB. they sleep in the daytimeC. they sleep in special sleeping bagsD. they are trained to adapt to the conditions of weightlessness2. What parts become weak if astronauts don't exercise?A. Their teeth and bones.B. Their brains and bones.C. Their bones and muscles.D. Their teeth and muscles.3. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Problems We Met in Space.B. Living and Working in Space.C. How to Become an Astronaut.D. The International Space Station.BTrue friend from a distant landInternational friends can come in many shapes and sizes. However they arrive on the scene, they are always appreciated, especially in times ofturbulence. Michael Lindsay (1909 — 94) is a case in point.After graduating from the University of Oxford in 1931, Lindsay arrived in China in 1937 on a ship from Canada intending merely to teach economics at Beiping Yenching University, the current Peking University. He traveled with Norman Bethune the Canadian doctor who dedicated his life to medicine in China during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931 — 45).Lindsay left Beijing at the end of 1941, and went to the Communist-led Jinchaji base(晋察冀边区)together with his wife Li Xiaoli, who was a Shanxi local and a former student of his.“Lindsay was inspired by the hard work local Chinesepeople made in fighting against Japanese aggression. After learning that Chinese armies on the frontlines were suffering supply shortages, Lindsay was determined to lend a hand," says Yan Juhai, a retired official from Shanxi's Lyuliang city. "In the Jinchaji base, NieRongzhen( 1899 — 1992), the base's top commander, appointed him to work as the communications expert, where he became a full-time radio technician contributing greatly in communication technology innovation and training," says Yan.In 1944 Lindsay and his wife arrived in Yan'an in Shaanxi province and helped fix its telecommunication equipment. They stayed for 18 months in Yan'an, and after the victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, they decided to return to the United Kingdom to visit their parents.4. Which word in the following can best replace the underlined word?A. peaceB. warC. stressD. sorrow5. Why did Lindsay go to the Communist-led Jinchaji base according to Yan Juhai?A. Because his wife was a Shanxi local.B. Because he was warmly invited by NieRongzhen.C. Because he was touched by Chinese people's effortsD. Because he was more interested in communications.6. What can we learn from the article?A. Lindsay and his wife stayed in China for over 8 years.B. Lindsay's wife was also skilled in communication technology.C. Lindsay was appointed as the communications consultant in Shanxi province.D. Lindsay taught economics in the Jinchaji base besides his work as a radio expert.7. Where is the text probably from?A. a guidebookB. a novelC. a diaryD. a newspaperCMy family and I never talked about school as the ticket to a future. I was in theclassroom, but I wasn't there to learn to write, read or even speak. When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide. I was 13 years old, but I already hated being who I was.I had an English teacher, Mr.Creech, who knew I couldn't read. In one of my first lessons the teacher said that anyone who had a reading age below six had to stand up. I felt so embarrassed. But at the same time, it made me realize that I needed to change the situation. I was determined it wouldn't happen again. Later that day, Mr.Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read. From then on, I never gave up practicing reading.Then when I was 41 years old, one day, I planned to fly back toTexasto visit my friends and family. On my way from the airport, I saw Mr.Creech buying himself a drink. I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him. “Do I know you？” he asked. “Yes, sir, you do know me，” I answered excitedly. “My name is Anthony Hamilton. You taught me English.” The look on his face told me that he remembered the boy he'd once encouraged.“I'm so glad I had a chance to see you，” I said. “And Mr.Creech, I have great news to share.” I told him I had learned to read. But that wasn't all. I had become a published author and an active speaker. “The next time you get another Anthony Hamilton in your classroom, please encourage him to read as well，” I added.The experts say what once worried me has a name：dyslexia(诵读困难). But I can tell you it was a lack of desire for education.8. Why did the author want to hide?A. Because he felt sorry for himself.B. Because he hated being laughed at.C. Because he couldn't read at all.D. Because he didn't have a ticket.9. Which of the following could best describe Mr.Creech?A. Considerate and dutiful.B. thoughtful and enthusiastic.C. Emotional and devoted.D. Friendly and wise.10. Why couldn't the author read before meeting Mr.Creech?A. Because his reading age was not long enough.B. Because his parents didn't teach him how to read.C. Because he was afraid of reading before the class.D. Because he didn't have inner driving force to learn to read.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. Mr.Creech taught two students called Anthony Hamilton.B. The author had become a published author and an active speaker.C. Dyslexia was just the reason that made the author unable to read.D. The author was grateful to Mr.Creech.DMost teenagers are still trying to find their passion and purposes in life. However, not Gitanjali Rao. The 15-year-old girl has been coming up with innovative solutions to worldwide problems since she was ten. It is, therefore, not surprising that the teenager has won the honor of “America's Top Young Scientist”.In the third grade, Rao was inspired to build a device after witnessing the shocking story unfold in Flint, Michigan, where cost-cutting measures led to the use of a polluted river as the city's primary water supply and incredibly high levels of lead made their way into people's drinking water.After two months' research, Rao designed a small and portable device that used sensors to instantly detect lead in water. Called Tethys, after the Greek Goddess(女神) of freshwater, it attaches to a cellphone and informs the residents via an app if their drinking water contains lead. The design earned her the 3M Young Scientist Challenge in 2017. She is currently working with scientists and medical professionals to test Tethys' potential and hopes the device will be ready for commercial use by 2022.Later, Rao took on another social issue-drug addiction. Her app, called Epione, which won the Health Pillar Prize at the TCS Ignite Innovation Student Challenge in May 2019, is designed to catch drug addiction in young adults before it's too late.More recently, the teenager has developed an app named Kindly, which usesartificial intelligence technology to detect possible signs of cyberbullying(网上欺凌). When users type in a word or phrase, Kindly is able to pick it up if it's bullying, and then it gives the option to edit it or send it the way it is. It gives them the chance to rethink what they are saying so that they know what to do next time.All kinds of awesome, Gitanjali Rao has been selected from 5,000 equally impressive nominees(被提名人) for TIME Magazine's first-ever “Kid of the Year”.12. What gave Rao the idea of inventing the device Tethys?A. The incident of lead pollution.B. The issue with drug addiction.C. The shortage of water supplies.D. The high cost of purifying water.13. What is Rao expecting of Tethys?A. It'll remove metal from water.B. It'll make it to market soon.C. It'll win her a higher prize.D. It'll be fitted to cellphones.14. What will Kindly allow users to do?A. Receive pre-warning signals of threat.B. Input words into a computer automatically.C. Choose from secure social networking sites.D. Weigh their words before posting them online.15. Which of the following can best describe Gitanjali Rao as a young scientist?A. Ambitious and humble.B. Optimistic and adventurous.C. Talkative and outstanding.D. Creative and productive.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021年上海市晋元高级中学高三英语月考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AElectric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in theUK, more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their homes. A smaller number of people are killed after they touch the power lines outside their homes. Electric shocks can cause a person's heart or breath to stop and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do?● If you are the first person to reach someone who has an electric shock, don't touch him or her!● If the victim is still holding the appliance that gives him or her the shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source.Under no circumstances can you try to move the appliance with your hands!● Ifyou can't turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper.● The victim must remain lying down. If he or she isunconscious, the victim should be placed on his or her side. But he or she should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is ly necessary.● It is essential to maintain the victim's body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victim's head low until professional help arrives.● If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.1. What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement.B. A horror story.C. A news report.D. First aid emergency advice.2. The underlined sentence implies that ________.A. you should move the applianceB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands3. When a person has got an electric shock, you should ________.A. separate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him or her breathe againC. move the victim onto his or her side if he or she has got neck injuriesD. keep the victim's head high until professional help arrivesBThe idea of growing food in a desert would make most people laugh but this is quickly becoming a reality. There are currently two desert farms in the world where quality vegetables are being planted cheaply and easily.Sundrop Farms, based in South Australia, uses experimental greenhouses to grow tomatoes, peppers and cucumbers. The biggest challenge of growing food in a desert, obviously, is the lack of available water. The researchers at Sundrop Farms have gotten aroundthis problemby using the sun to desalinate (淡化) sea water. It can also be used to control the temperature of the greenhouses.Without depending on limited resources such as land and fresh water Sundrop Farms has made farming a practice. This can increase the world’s food supplies. Another benefit ofthis kind of farming is that it can be done anywhere, thus reducing the costs of transporting food to distant locations. Yet another benefit is that it reduces the need for pesticides (杀虫剂).Another experimental desert farm is the Sahara Forest Project, which began in Qatar in December 2012. Greenhouses in the farm are cooled by saltwater. Solar power and other technologies are used together to help make vegetation (植被) grow in the desert environment. As deserts have expanded over recent years around the world due to global warming, this project could solve the problem.The result form the Qatar project were better than expected and in June of 2014, Jordan agreed to host another one. This will be much bigger than the Qatar project and the project members will have even more opportunities to test their experiments on a much larger scale. It is not clear yet that desert farming resents the future of farming but these projects have shown some success in the field.4. What does “this problem” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Sea water is bard to purify.B. The desert is short of water.C. The temperature is high in the desert.D. Desert farms aren’t fit to plant vegetables.5. What is one of the characters of desert farming?A. It needs more pesticides.B. It saves delivery costs.C. It has a location limit.D. It solves food waste problems6. What can we know about the Sabara Forest Project?A. It lives up to expectationsB. It can help produce more foodC. It is started to prevent global warmingD. It uses technology to produce saltwater7. What can be inferred about desert farming from the last paragraph?A. It still has problems to solve.B. It represents the future of farming.C. Its early success has aroused interest in it.D. Its aim is to create more job opportunities.CIn this day and age, there seems to be a move towards secondary school subjects. For that reason, some parents and some students feel that the compulsory study of English literature is misguided and disadvantageous to students, particularly if they are second language learners of English. However, there are still good reasons for the study of English literature.Students of English language sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature,especially if they have no plans to study English or translation at university. But English literature can introduce students to a range of aspects, not only of the English language but also the culture of English-speaking countries.There are aspects of English culture that are summarised by English literature. Of course, this is quite obvious when studying the works of Shakespeare or of writers, poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, however, also true when studying other works of English literature. Students can learn about good stories and references to different aspects of English culture. They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases.Studying literature does not confine the students to the traditions ofEnglandbut includes the possibility of introducing them to traditions which inform English literature, such as the study of Ancient Greek drama, and to literature in other contexts, such as American literature.An enjoyment and appreciation of literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest inbooks and reading as they move away from their studies and into the adult lives. They will have the confidence to approach and cope with new forms of books and writing, since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days.When studying literature, students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also the language aspects which can be used for specific purposes. For example, if the students are familiar with the concepts of beat and rhythm of English poems, they can improve their own writing as they are able to appreciate and apply these ideas.Finally, the study of literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle, from which the students can approach their studies in particular and their lives in general.So the next time you are reading a newspaper article complaining of the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce, remember that in a small way the study of English literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a person’s life.8. The author may agree that the study of English literature________.A. has a long-lasting influence on studentsB. is misguided and has more disadvantagesC. is not necessary for second language learnersD. only allows the students to learn the traditions ofEngland9. We can learn from the passage that ________.A.schools fail to care about students’ needsB. learning English literature makes students smarterC. English culture is closely related to English literatureD. the more you read literary works, the more you complain10. What’s the author’s attitude towards the study of English literature?A. Critical.B. Cautious.C. Supportive.D. Anxious.11. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Parents and Students’ DemandsB. Why We Learn English LiteratureC. English Culture and English LiteratureD. Suitable Courses for Secondary SchoolsDThere are 8.8 million blind people in India. In fact, there are 36 million blind people worldwide and a quarter of them are in India; however, many cases of blindness in India are curable. The poor in India have limited access to primary eye healthcare and often do not eat foods rich in micronutrients, like vitamins and minerals, which play an important role in maintaining good eye health.Many people worldwide are not even aware that they may have a vision (视力) problem simply because they do not get their eyes tested every year with a doctor, who tests for the functioning of the eye muscles (肌肉), as well as common diseases like night blindness. This exam is strongly recommended by experts because some changes in vision, which the patient may take longer to notice, can be found easily in this way.Certain simple changes in diet and lifestyle can ensure better eye health for you. These include drinking plenty-of water, not smoking, and eating brightly color1 ed and leafy fruit and vegetables. Wearing sunglasses protects your eyes from the sun, which damages otherwise healthy eyes. Learn about your family's eye disease history, and be on the lookout for any problem about your vision. Make sure that you see a doctor immediately for early intervention(干预) if you see any of these signs of worsening eye health.If you or a loved one needs to cure blindness or other eye diseases, turn to a crowdfunding (众筹) platform. A group of eye health caregivers have fundraised with crowdfunding platform ImpactGuru to raise money to perform operations on the eyes of blind women in south Asia. Running an online fundraiser enables both doctors and patients to find a way out of the dark. If you want eye care to develop, start a fundraiser today.12. Why are there so many blind people in India?A. There is a lack of eye hospitals in India.B. People pay no attention to their eyes at all.C. Poor Indians lack food good for eye health.D. The environment damages their eyes.13. What does the author suggest in Paragraph 2?A. Examining your eyes annually.B. Strengthening muscles every day.C. Raising the awareness of physical health.D. Attaching importance to self-examination.14. Which of the following may do harm to your eyes?A. Smoking a lot.B. Wearing sunglasses.C. Drinking much water.D. Watching brightly-color1 ed pictures.15. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph?A. How to start a fundraiser online.B. The importance of raising money.C. The role of crowdfunding in eye care.D. What should bedone to raise money.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2021届晋元高级中学高三英语模拟试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?A. A serious food shortage.B. Agriculture development.C. His interest in the rice experiment.D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.A. developed a variety of hybrid riceB. worked as a scientist after graduationC. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.A. modest and outgoingB. honest and creativeC. generous and optimisticD. responsible and devotedBThe shade of a single tree can provide welcome relief from the hot summer sun. But when that single tree is part of a small forest, it creates a considerable cooling effect. According to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, trees play a big role in keeping our cities cool.According to the study, the right amount of tree cover can lower summer daytime temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Fahrenheit. And the effect is quite noticeable from neighborhood to neighborhood, even down to the scale of a single city block. “We knew that cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside, but we found that temperatures vary just as much within cities,” says Monica Turner, a professor in the department of Integrative Biology, Wisconsin-Madison University and a co-author of the study.With climate change making extreme heat events more common each summer, city planners are working on how to prepare. Heat waves drive up energy demands and costs and can have big human health impacts. One potentially powerful tool, the study's authors say, are organisms that have been around long before human civilizations could appreciate their leafy benefits. And those trees may be the secret to keeping the places we live livable.Essentially, says Turner, roads, sidewalks and buildings absorb heat from the sun during the day and slowly release that heat at night. Trees, on the other hand, not only shade those surfaces from the sun's rays, they also release water into the air through their leaves, a process that cools things down.To get the maximum benefit of this cooling service, the study found that tree cover must be more than 40 percent. In other words, an aerial picture of a single city block would need to be nearly half-way covered by a leafygreen network of branches and leaves.4. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Temperatures in cities mainly depend on their green coverage.B. People living and working in cities must plant trees in summer.C. Cities are warmer than the countryside because they don't have trees.D. An area with more trees can be cooler than the other parts within a city.5. Which of the following problems is caused by extreme heat events?A. Severe damage of city facilities.B. Serious human health problems.C. Residents' growing demands for plants.D. Unnecessary waste of energy resources.6. Why are trees crucial to cities?A. They help shade and cool the cities.B. They make urban scenery beautiful.C. They build up city cooling systems.D. They essentially block and release heat.7. What can city planners conclude from the study?A. They should publish the study in a newspaper.B. They should educate citizens to protect forests.C. They should plant trees on roads and sidewalks.D. They should cover nearly half the city with trees.CAt any moment, about half the world’s population is wearing denim（牛仔布）clothes. But few realize tiny bits of denim have been adding up to a surprising amount of pollution in water, as a new study shows.Sam Athey, one of the study’s authors, says, “Even though denim is made of a natural material—cotton, it contains chemicals.” Cotton fibers were treated with many types of chemicals, she notes. Some improve its durability and feel. Others give denim its distinctive blue color1 .Athey and her team washed jeans and found that about 50,000 microfibers came off from each pair per wash. Not all of those fibers make their way into the environment. Wastewater treatment plants catch about 83 to 99 percent ofthem. Catching 99 percent may sound pretty good. But one percent of 50,000 is still 500 fibers per wash. And since every pair of jeans is washed again and again, it still adds up to lots of microfibers entering the water environment.Denim microfibers showed up in sediment（沉淀物）from the Great Lakes. More of these fibers polluted a series of shallow lakesin southern Ontario. They even turned up in sediment from the Arctic Ocean in northernCanada. The team found denim accounted for 12 to 23 percent of microfibers in the sediment. There were other microfibers too. But the team focused on denim because so many people wear jeans.“Everyone wears jeans so they could be our largest input of microfibers into our streams and soils,” Athey says. “An easy way to limit that is by washing our jeans less often.” Athey grew up thinking she should wash her jeans after wearing them every couple of times, but most jean companies recommend washing them no more than once a month. “The solution is not that you shouldn’t wear jeans,” she says. “We need to buy fewer denim clothes and only wash them when they truly need it.”8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Chemicals are contained in natural cotton.B. Chemicals can make denim color1 ful.C. Chemicals prevent fibers from falling.D. Chemicals can make the life of denim longer.9. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Denim.B. Sediment.C. Microfibers.D. Chemicals.10. What does the author mainly want to tell us through Athey’s words ?A. To avoid wearing jeans.B. To reduce denim consumption.C. To wash jeans more often.D. To limit input in denim production.11. In which section of a magazine might the text be found?A. Science.B. Entertainment.C. Tourism.D. Geography.DA new study finds almost one third of the world’s population is overweight. Since 1980, obesity rates(肥胖率)in children and adults have doubled in 73 countries, making people more worried. And rates are increasing in many other countries. Obesity is increasing faster in children than adults in many nations, including Algeria, Turkey and Jordan, the report said. But the world's weight problem is growing in both rich and poor countries alike. Researchers say an increasing number of people are dying of related health problems in what they called a "disturbing global public health problem."Researchers studied health information from 1980 through 2015. They examined obesity rates, average weight gain in 195 countries. They found that obesity rates are three times greater among youth and young adults in countries like China, Brazil and India. Almost 108 million children and more than 600 million adults were found to be overweight. Egypt had the highest number of overweight adults in 2015. Vietnam had the least. In the sameyear, the United States had the highest number of overweight children, and Bangladesh had the least.Yet hunger remains a problem in many areas. The United Nations said that almost 800 million people, including 300 million children, go to bed hungry each night. Experts said poor diets and lack of physical activity are mainly to blame for the rising numbers of overweight people.Growing populations have led to rising obesity rates in poor countries. Often, poor people will eat processed(加工的) foods instead of choosing a diet rich in vegetables.The London-based Overseas Development Institute studied the price of food in five countries: Britain, Brazil, China, Mexico and South Korea. It found that the cost of processed foods like ice creamand hamburgers has fallen since 1990. But the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables has gone up.12. What do we know about obesity in the world?A. It is worryingB. It is given no attentionC. It has been successfully solvedD. It is more serious among old people13. Which country has the most overweight children in 2015?A. AmericaB. VietnamC. EgyptD. Bangladesh14. What is one of the reasons why people get overweight?A. HungerB. Poor dietC. Diets with vegetablesD. Eating too much fruit15. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A. It’s Important to Have a Balanced DietB. How Can We Lose Weight and Keep Fit?C. Is It Necessary for Us to Eat Fresh Vegetables?D. Nearly One Third of People in the World Are Overweight.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市2021届高三英语9月月考试题（含解析）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder.C. Put the cup on a lower shelf.D. Buy a new cupboard.2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts.C. He needs to talk to Harry soon.D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone.3. A. The new doctor lacks experience.B. She disagrees with what the man said.C. The man had better talk with the patients first.D. Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things.C. Find out when the next bus leaves.D. Show the man the way to the station.5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture.C. James helped him arrange the furniture.D. James helped him with some of the work.6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors.B. The photo album is in the living room.C. Mary has lost the photo album.D. Mary is a good photographer.7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.D. She refused the position because of the low salary.8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn.B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary.C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already.D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing.9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt.C. It doesn’t fit him very well.D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet.10. A. The line for concert tickets i s too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert.C. Carl knows the concert is at eight.D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl. Section B: Passages 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s.C. In the 18th century.D. In about 2400 BC.12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers.C. The reputation.D. The length.13. A. The evolution of self-study books.B. The importance of self-study books.C. The difference among self-study books.D. The famous writers of self-study books.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed.B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A.D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks.B. The growth of the automotive industry.C. The use of oversized freight containers.D. The high cost of meeting various regulations.16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport.B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers.C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors.D. Its business is kept in a traditional way.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following longer conversation.17. A. To earn money for her tuition.B. To make her dream come true.C. To make preparations for her future job.D. To ensure that she has time for acting work.18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding.19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera.C. He hasn’t learned physics before.D. It occupies much of his spare time.20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late.C. He can go to sleep early.D. He feels more relaxed.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Back to School ReformFor schools in the New York City, this school year was met by a particular reform issue. It began in June of 2021, when, as part of an effort to fight the enduring problem of segregation(种族隔离), Mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention____1____the testing requirement should be discontinued for admission to the city’s eight selective “élite” high schools. Then, late last month, the Advisory Groupreleased a report ____2____ (suggest) that the city rethink its entire approach ____3____ identifying and educating high-achieving children. More accurately, it recommended replacing the gifted-and-talented programs with new initiatives____4____challenge premature children without relying on a test or academic tracking. However, Asian-American parents fearing that the proposed change____5____(disadvantage) their children filed a lawsuit to block it.Testing holds great attraction ___6___ it is neutral, indifferent to a student’s background and wealth. But this is not ____7____the current system functions. Success is closely related to socioeconomic advantages and access to test preparation. For example, Asian-American students tend ___8___(rate) lower on the most subjective parts of college admissions evaluations.It’s not clear what the result of the current debate will be. One thing, however, is certain: the competition for places at New York’ chools ____9____(drive), in part, by a lack of faith in the quality of education in other parts of the system. Also, it is seen as a conflict between different social groups fighting for a system in which their children are ___10___(likely) to be restricted by discrimination. 【答案】1. that2. suggesting3. to4. which5. would disadvantage6. because7. how8. to be rated9. is driven10. the least likely【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。