2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit8

Unit8The Great Minds课后习题参考答案Text AI.1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.AII.Section A1.perfection2.accomplishment3.persistent4.disposal5.effective6.motivationalSection B1.obstacle2.incredible3.vision4.perspective5.fulfill6.profound Section C1.from2.from3.for4.at5.in6.ofIII. 1.confused 2.natural 3.intentionally 4.likely 5.potential 6.as opposed to7.even if8.known9.called upon10.mark Ⅳ．Section A1.find that it is difficult to adapt to the new school.2.kids would like to share their stories with.3.elected one of its members to be their spokesperson.4.only to find that they had to overcome financial difficulty by themselves.5.stress the importance of balanced diet.Section B有时候，我们唯一能做的就是质疑自己存在的意义。

我们经常会感到孤独寂寞，情绪低落，感觉世界都黯然失色了。

有时候我们感觉生活没有任何意义，如此艰辛，甚至希望世上没有明天。

但是，我们还要知道问题只不过是生活中的另一种痛苦而已，企图扭曲我们的人性，破坏我们对生活的美好憧憬。

这个时候，不要向诱惑屈服，轻言放弃。

是的，快乐的唯一．方式就是心甘情愿地忍受苦难。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第八课1.While traveling for various speaking engagements，I frequently stay overnightin the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children’s bedrooms.——On my speaking tour，I often stay in the house of a family for the night and I am given one of the children’s bedrooms. 在我应邀到各地演说时，经常在别人过夜，往往被安排到这家孩子的一间卧室。

stay overnight：过夜eg：Jane’s parents never allows her to stay overnight at any of her friends’简的父母从不精神抖擞许她在伴侣家过夜。

eg：It was too late，he had to stay overnight at the station.2. no room for my small toilet kit.没有地方放我那小小洗漱包。

room：eg：There is enough room in the car for 5 persons.车里有足够的空间坐五个人。

Make room for给……腾地方/空间eg：Could you please make room for me？你能给我腾个地方吗？3. And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes that I can barely squeeze in my jacket.——The closet is usually so full of clothes that I can hardly put my jacket in .（1）be packed with 装满了eg：The box is packed with books.这个箱子装满了书eg：The hall was packed with guests.大厅里挤满了人4.I am not complaining，only making a point. 我并不是抱怨，只是表白一个看法。

Unit 8 The Great MindsThe Great Minds名人名言部分补充make A of BA famous quoteA pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunities of his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truman悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。

----杜鲁门make A of Bmake a success of one's careermake a musician of the little boyThe father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he wanted to make a musician of him.expose sb. / oneself to sth.Don't expose yourself to the strong sunlight, or you will get sunburnt.联想：sunburnt / suntannedgain exposure to sth.make a footballer of Tommake a mess of the accountI. New words and expressionsNew words1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧）2. scenario n. 设想；方案；预测3. explanation n. 解释；说明explainexplanatory4. uneventful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的5. pregnancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期6. imperfect adj. 有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的perfectperfection联想：impossible, impolite, imbalanced, immobile, immature （注意：unbiased, unmoving）7. abnormal adj. 不正常的；反常的；变态的；畸形的normal联想：typical-atypicalsymmetry-asymmetrysymmetrical-asymmetrical8. massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的9. disability n.（某种）缺陷，障碍ableabilityunable10. limbless adj. 无四肢的11. inspire v. 激励；鼓舞（用法参考Unit 5, Text A）inspiration （形近词参考Unit 4，Text A）inspiring12. adapt v. 适应（新情况）adapt oneself to sth.13. accomplish v. 完成14. limb n. 肢；臂；腿15. campaign 运动（为社会、商业或政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动）16. fulfill v. 实现；履行fulfill one's dream / word / requirementfulfilling使人满足的，令人愉快的fulfillment 履行；满足；成就17. motivational adj. 鼓舞的18. circumstance n. 命运；客观环境19. wholeheartedly adv. 全心全意地20. effective adj. 产生预期结果的；有效的比较：efficientineffective, inefficient21. altitude n. 海拔；海拔高度altitude sickness区分：attitude22. engagement n. 约定；约会；预约23. congregation n. （教堂的）会众24. audience n. 观众；听众25. vision n. 想象力；眼力；远见卓识26. outreach n. 外展服务27. perspective n. 态度；观点；思考方法28. cease v. （使）停止，终止，结束29. obstacle n. 障碍；阻碍；绊脚石30. illustrate v. （用示例、图画等）说明，解释31. profound adj. 巨大的；深切的；深远的32. persistence n. 坚持；锲而不舍persist (in)persistent33. paralyze v. 使瘫痪；使麻痹34. oftentimes adv. 常常35. trick n. 戏法；把戏tricky36. blend n. （不同事物的）和谐结合，融合37. perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神（偶见perseverence，但很少使用）persevereperseverant （偶见perseverent，但很少使用）38. define v. 阐明；明确；界定definitiondefinite 明确的，确定的39. incredible adj. 不能相信的；难以置信的unbelievable40. captivate v. 迷住；使着迷Phrases and Expressions1. a walk of life行业；职业；地位；阶层line of work2. major in主修3. stress the importance of 强调…的重要性4. at one's disposal 任某人处理；供某人任意使用5. poke fun at 拿…开心；奚落；嘲笑6. show off 炫耀；卖弄II. Text LearningLife Without Limits① Imagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios（设想） together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that effect your everyday life?② Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. (1)Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect andabnormal. How would their son live a normal happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability（严重残疾）? (2)Little did they or anyone know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life, touching lives all over the world.本部分重点及难点：1. Having had an uneventful（平凡的）pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal.(1) 悬垂分词。

Unit 8 Text Aeffective adj.有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量 effectiveness n.stumble vt. vi.结结巴巴地说话，使困惑，蹒跚 stumble over 结结巴巴地说e.g. When she was asked to answer questions in class, she always stumbles over her words. moderate vt. vi. （使）缓和 a.中等的，适度的 moderator n.裁判者，主持人convince vt.使确信，使信服spoil vt.损坏，搞糟，扰乱e.g.The crops have been spoiled by the insects.confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂 confusion n.混乱，混淆You should avoid confusing friend with foe.suppose vt.推想, 假设, 猜想vi.料想conj.假使...结果会怎样summarize v.概述, 总结, 摘要而言 summary n.总结considerate adj.考虑周到的，体谅的，会照顾的Mary is very considerate of the poor.appreciate vt.赏识, 鉴赏, 感激vi.增值, 涨价e.g. We greatly appreciated your timely help when we were in trouble.thoughtfulness n.思虑，慎重 thoughtful a.认真思考的，想得周到的dramatic adj.戏剧性的, 生动的e.g. The meeting between the mother and her son was dramatic indeed.enjoyable a.令人愉快的，可享受的 enjoy v.喜欢，享受···的乐趣volunteer n.志愿者, 志愿兵adj.志愿的, 义务的, 无偿的v.自愿Many old people volunteer in community service and day care centres.call n.喊声, 叫声, 命令, 号召, 访问, 叫牌, 通话, 必要v.呼叫, 召集, 称呼, 认为, 命名, 打电话call upon 要求，号召；拜访cheer up 高兴起来put oneself in sb. else’s shoes 设身处地从别人的观点看问题in good taste a.得体的，大方的 be in bad taste 不得体的，不礼貌的focus on 集中cut in 插嘴，插入，把···插入over someone’s head 超过某人的理解力come through 表明，显示，经历，脱险How to Give a Good Speech 怎样做好演讲(We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life，but most of us do not do a very good job．生活中我们都会有被邀请就某一问题做演讲的时候，但是大多数人都做得不很好。

Unit 7 Inner VoiceI. New words and expressionsNew words1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地preciseprecision联想：accurate, accuracy比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hesitation n. 犹豫hesitatehesitanthesitancy / hesitation7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹wonder wh-…do / work wonders / miracles8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. despite prep. 即使；尽管despite / in spite of that fact that …13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attempted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. receptionist n. 接待员19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attach …to…attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的attachment 依恋；附件20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotionalemotionless21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然23. overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的overwhelming problemsan overwhelmed person联想：surprised / surprisingexcited / excitingamazed / amazingdisappointed / disappointingfrightened / frighting注意：excited eyes / expressions / looks24. scream v. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressions1. be lost in one's thought陷入沉思2. break down 失败3. come up with找到（答案等）；想出4. drop…off （顺路）把…放下5. take one's own life自杀6. in desperation 在绝望中；走投无路7. care about sb. 关心；关怀8. take a chance 冒险9. make a difference 有作用；产生影响II. Text LearningYour Inner Voice①(1)My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. (2)At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.本部分重点及难点：1. My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.(1) where引导定语从句，先行词为days。

Unit 8The Great MindText APre-reading Questions1.Can you imagine a life without limbs?2.Who will flash into your mind when it comes to disabled heroes? What qualities appeal to you most?Life Without LimitsImagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that affect your everyday life?Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they say their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal. How would their son live a normal, happy life? What could he ever do or become when living with what the world would see as such a massive disability? Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would inspire and motivate people from all walks of life,touching lives all over the world.As Nick grew up, he learned to deal with his disability and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He adapted to heis situation and found ways to accomplish tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, brushing hair, typing on a computer, swimming ,plying sports, and much more. As time went by, Nick began to embrace his situation and achieve greater things. In grade seven Nick was elected captain of his school and worked with the student council on various fund-raising events for local charities and disability campaigns.After school Nick went on with further study and obtained a double bachelor degree majoring in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to fulfill his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through motivational speaking. He found the purpose of his existence, and also the purpose in his circumstance. Nick wholeheartedly believes that there is a purpose in each of the struggles we encounter in our live and that our attitude towards those struggles can be the single most effective factor in overcoming them.Now at 27 years old, this limbless young man has accomplished more than most people even twice his age. Nick recently made the massive move from Brisbane, Australia to California, USA, where he is the president of an international non- profit organization, and also has his own motivational speaking company, Attitude Is Altitude. Since his first motivational speaking engagement back when he was 19, Nick hastraveled around the world, sharing his story with millions of people, speaking to a range of different groups such as students, teachers, youth, business men and women, entrepreneurs, and church congregations of all sizes. People ask Nick, “How can you smile?” Then they realize there`s got to be something more to life than meets the eye if a guy without arms ans legs is living a fuller life.Nick shares with his audiences the importance of vision and dreaming big. Using his own experiences in worldwide outreach as examples, he challenges others to examine their perspective and look beyond their circumstances. He shares his vies of ceasing to see obstacles as problems, and instead begin to see them as opportunities to grow and reach out to others. He stresses the importance of how attitude can be the most powerful tool we have at our disposal and illustrates how the choices we make can have a profound effect on our lives and the lives of those around us. Nick shows through his own life that the major keys to fulfilling our biggest dreams are persistence and choosing to embrace failure as a learning experience, rather than allowing the guilt and fear of failure to paralyze us.How does Nick Vujicic feel about his disability now? He accepts it, embraces it and oftentimes pokes fun at his own circumstance as he shows off his many tricks. He meets challenges with his special blend of humor, perseverance and faith, always encouraging those around him to examine their perspective as they develop and define their vision. Using those new definition he challenges each person he meets to makechanges in their lives so that they can begin the path to fulfilling their biggest dreams. Through his amazing ability to connect with people from all walks of life and his incredible sense of humor he captivates children, teens and adults alike. Nick is a true inspirational and motivational speaker.Text BPre-reading Questions1.What factors do you think contribute to success?2.Can you figure out what reasons account for Steve Jobs` success?An Unwanted Baby, Steve JobsSteve Jobs is a man who has great courage and dares to take risks. He may not be perfect but he pulled together the most fantastic act by overcoming Microsoft, the movie industry and the music business. Jobs followed his dream and led a revolution in the computing world.Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. His biological mother was an unwed graduate student named Joanne Simpson and decided to put him up for adoption. Joanne had a college education, and she insisted that the future parents of her boy be just as well educated. Unfortunately, the candidates, Paul and Clara Jobs, did not meet her expectations: Clara didn`t graduate from college and Paul only attended high school. When she found out that both his future parents had never graduated from college, she refused to sign the adoption papers. She only relented a few months later and agreed to have baby adopted by them, under the firm condition that they would send him to college.Steve Jobs went to college but decided to drop out because it was too expensive. Recalling his time there he said, “I didn`t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends` rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5 cents deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7miles acrosstown ever Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.”At 20, Steve Jobs and a friend (Steve Wozniak) started a company in a garage on April 1, 1976. Later that year, they debuted the Apple I and a local store offered to buy 50 machines. To finance the production, they had to sell their most expensive possessions. Jobs sold his Volkswagen van while Wozniak sold his Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator. Steve Jobs named their company Apple, in memory of a happy summer he had spent as an orchard worker in Oregon.By 1982, however, his company sales sagged in the face of competition from IBM`s new PC. Not wanting to dwell on successive failures, they worked on a new machine called the Macintosh. By 1986, the Mac, which Steve Jobs promised to be “insanely great,” was a huge success. After 10 years, starting from 2 kids working in a garage, Apple computer had grown into a $2 billion dollar company with over 4000 employees.At 30, Steve Jobs , however, was fired from the company he cofounded with Steve Wozniak. He left the company after losing a bitter battle over control with Apple`s CEO John Sculley, whom Jobs had recruited from Pepsi Cola. When Steve Jobs heard of the message he said, “You`ve probably had somebody punch you in the stomach and it knocks the wind out of you and you cannot breathe. The harder you try to breathe, the more you cannot breathe. And you know that the only thing you can do is just relax so you can start breathing again.”Steve Jobs sold over $20 million of his Apple stock, spent days bicycling along the beach, feeling sad and lost, toured Paris, and journeyed on to Italy. Recalling this publicly heartbreaking episode, Jobs said, “I didn`t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.”During the next five years he started two companies -- NeXT and Pixar. NeXT didn`t do as well as Jobs had dreamed for, but Pixar was a success story. Jobs became an instant billionaire. Meanwhile, his old company Apple was under immense pressure from its rival Microsoft and in 1996 posted billions of dollars in losses.In December 1996, Steve Jobs convinced Apple to buy NeXT and make its software the foundation of the next-generation Mac OS. The technology he developed at NeXT became the catalyst of Apple`s comeback. Initially appointed as Apple`s adviser. Steve Jobs was named Apple`s interim CEO in 1997.He had made Apple healthy again and returned it to a place where it was contributing new and innovative technologies to the computer world. Under his leadership, Apple returned to profitability and introduced innovations.。