2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit12(完整资料).doc

词汇精讲：1.symptom ： n. 症状，征兆Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed.大多数传染病在症状被发现之前已具有传染性。

He recognizes the symptoms， but refuses to admit that he has marital problems.他承认这些征兆，但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题。

2.habitual ： a. 习惯性的，习以为常的Ice and snow are a habitual sight in the north.冰雪在北方是常见的。

3.detail： n./ vt. 详情，细节，详述You can get details of nursery schools from the local authority.你可向地方当局了解有关托儿所的详细情况。

We haven‘t yet had a chance to discuss the matter in detail.我们还没有机会详细讨论这一问题。

4.enhance：vt. 提高，加强（increase ， improve）The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene. 月光更增添了景色的秀美。

The praise of the teacher enhanced his confidence. 老师的赞赏增强了他的信心。

5.initial ： a. 最初的，开始的派生词：initiative n. 创始，首创精神；initiate v. 开始，创始；发起，发动My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight. 我最初的惊奇不久便被喜悦替代了。

6.confront ： vt. 使面对，使面临，使遭遇The new system was confronted with difficulties at the start. 新体制起初遇到很多困难。

II. Text LearningSelf-Esteem and Body Image1 I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curlyhair, straight hair, a smaller nose, , bigger muscles, longer legs.2 Do any of these statements sound familiar?（承上句）Are you used to puttingyourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton ofchanges（大量的变化）in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image ofyourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect theirself-esteem.3 Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feelin themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important becausefeeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has highself-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his orher behavior,and will enjoy life more.Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. Formany people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closelylinked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care moreabout how others see them.（承上句）4 What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?PubertySome teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because thebody goes through many changes. (1)These changes, combined with a natural desireto feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves withothers. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actorsand celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it canbe tempting for people to compare themselves with others.(1) natural desire天生的欲望(2) it can be tempting（吸引人的，诱惑人的）for people to compare themselves withothers 中it是形式主语，真正的主语是for people to compare themselves with others, forpeople作不定式的逻辑主语。

New Words
• detail n/vt * Please give me all the details. 请告诉我全部详情. * I checked every detail of her research. 我核对了她的学术研 究的各个细节. * A good organizer pays attention to detail. 善於组织者考虑问 题无微不至. • to explain/describe sth in detail 详细解释/叙述某事物. • ~ sth (to/for sb)逐项列出;(向/为某人)详述某事物 * I detailed our plans to her. 我向她详细讲述了我们的计划. • detailed adj.详细的，详尽的，完全的 * a detailed description, analysis 详尽的叙述﹑ 分析
New Words
• waylay vt.(pt, pp
waylaid ) * He was waylaid by a band of guerrillas. 他遭到游击队的狙击 * He waylaid me with a request for a loan. 他等我经过时拦住我向我借钱.
New Words
New Words
• midst
n/prep * in the midst of us = in our midst 在我们当中 * in the midst of the crowd 在人群中间 * There is a thief in our/your/their midst, ie among or with us. 我们中间有个小偷.
New Words
• gaze at

综合英语(二)上册课文翻译及详解Lesson OneTwelve Things l Wish They Taught at SchoolCarl SaganLearning Guide俗话说：“活到老，学到老。

”人的一生就是不断学习、不断丰富和充实自己的过程。

青少年阶段，尤其是中学阶段，无疑是学习的最佳时期。

中学教育的重点应放在什么地方？美国著名科学家和科普作家萨根批评中学只抓各个学科具体内容的做法，他认为中学要注重对青少年的宏观教育，使他们建立起唯物的世界观和宇宙观，使他们能够正确对待自己，关心周围的世界——人类生存的环境和自己的地球同胞。

1 I attended junior and senior high school, public institutions in New York and New Jersey, just after the Second World War. It seems a long time ago. ①The facilities and the skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.Since then, I've learned a great deal. One of the most important things I've learned is how much there is to learn, ②and how much I don't yet know.③Sometimes I think how grateful I would be today if I had learned moreback then about what really matters. In some respects that education was terribly narrow; the only thing I ever heard in school about Napoleon was that the United States made the Louisiana Purchase from him. ④(On a planet where some 95% of the inhabitants are not Americans, the only history that was thought worth teaching was American history. ) In spelling, grammar, the fundamenta ls of math, and other vital subjects, my teachers did a pretty good job. But there's so much else I wish they'd taught us.①The facilities and skills of the teachers were probably well above average for the United States at that time.学校的设施、教师的水平在当时的美国大大高于一般的水平。

12-A. Let Your Mind WanderA让头脑畅想Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life’s realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.直到最近人们还认为白日梦要么是时间的浪费，要么是神经病发病的征兆，习惯性白日梦被人们认为是不适应环境的表现，或者是对生活现实和责任的一种逃避。

人们相信习惯性的做白日梦最终会拉开人与社会的距离，降低人们处理实际问题的能力。

最好来讲。

白日梦被认为是人们生活中真实事物的有补偿功能的替代。

As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.任何事情做得过分都可能有害，做白日梦也是一样。

Unit 7 Inner VoiceI. New words and expressionsNew words1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地preciseprecision联想：accurate, accuracy比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hesitation n. 犹豫hesitatehesitanthesitancy / hesitation7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹wonder wh-…do / work wonders / miracles8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. despite prep. 即使；尽管despite / in spite of that fact that …13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attempted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. receptionist n. 接待员19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attach …to…attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的attachment 依恋；附件20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotionalemotionless21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然23. overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的overwhelming problemsan overwhelmed person联想：surprised / surprisingexcited / excitingamazed / amazingdisappointed / disappointingfrightened / frighting注意：excited eyes / expressions / looks24. scream v. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressions1. be lost in one's thought陷入沉思2. break down 失败3. come up with找到（答案等）；想出4. drop…off （顺路）把…放下5. take one's own life自杀6. in desperation 在绝望中；走投无路7. care about sb. 关心；关怀8. take a chance 冒险9. make a difference 有作用；产生影响II. Text LearningYour Inner Voice①(1)My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. (2)At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.本部分重点及难点：1. My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.(1) where引导定语从句，先行词为days。

自考汉语言本科：00015英语二讲义Unit12ABreakfromLife1205II. Text LearningSelf-Esteem and Body Image1 I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curlyhair, straight hair, a smaller nose, , bigger muscles, longer legs.2 Do any of these statements sound familiar?（承上句）Are you used to puttingyourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton ofchanges（大量的变化）in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image ofyourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect theirself-esteem.3 Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feelin themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important becausefeeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has highself-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his orher behavior,and will enjoy life more.Body image is how someone feels about his or her ownphysical appearance. Formany people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closelylinked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care moreabout how others see them.（承上句）4 What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?PubertySome teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because thebody goes through many changes. (1)These changes, combined with a natural desireto feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves withothers. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actorsand celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it canbe tempting for people to compare themselves with others.(1) natural desire天生的欲望(2) it can be tempting（吸引人的，诱惑人的）for people to compare themselves withothers 中it是形式主语，真正的主语是for people to compare themselves with others, forpeople作不定式的逻辑主语。

Lesson Twelve: Selling the Post （II）打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: （Para. 1）The 1930’s were a hard period for the Bakers and Russell’s father had died.Part 2: （Paras. 2-17）Russell proved to be a poor salesman. He was too shay and timid for the job.Part 3: （Paras. 18-26）Doris proved to be a better salesperson.Part 4: （Paras. 27-33）Mrs. Baker concluded that her son lacked the competitive zeal a salesman needed. And from a composition he wrote Mrs. Baker discovered his talent for writing. Russell decided to become a writer.Ⅱ. TextPart 1: （Para. 1）1 We lived in Belleville, New Jersey, a commuter town at the northern fringe of Newark.It was 1932,the bleakest year of the Depression.译文：那是1932年，大萧条时期最不景气的年头。

commuter 通勤者fringe=edgebleakest=darkest=severestMy father had died two years before, leaving us with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else, and my mother had taken my sister, Doris, and me to live with one of her younger brothers.译文：两年前，我父亲去世，除了几件西尔斯和罗巴克家具之外，没给我们留下什么别的东西，我母亲带着我和妹妹多丽丝去投奔她的一个弟弟。

我拖拉着回到床上，在被子下扭动了下就闭上了眼睛。能再睡几小时就好了， 可我现在已经完全清醒了。我应该起床。不，还是不要了。我的头还痛着， 鼻子也开始抽抽搭搭了，我最好去拿些纸巾。
Text A Feeling Free
On my way back from the bathroom with a family-sized（家用的）tissue box, I stopped to grab that big new novel I had bought but had no time to read. I opened the book and settled（安顿）against the pillows.
真是有意思，在热气腾腾的浴缸里，那些疼痛竞消失得无影无踪了，它们都 随着最后的泡泡流进了下水道里。我的头感觉好多了，眼痛也被美好的感觉 取而代之。
Text A Feeling Free
By late afternoon, I was back at it(恢复原样), refreshed physically, mentally and emotionally. And rather than feeling helpless, I felt empowered. I had given myself permission to listen and respond to my needs, to care for myself the way I tended to(注意,留心) my family. I didn't need the crutch(拐 杖) of illness to justify a rest. It was such a simple awareness, but then isn't it the simple things that set us free?

best-seller
n
a product, usually a book, which is bought by large numbers of people:畅销书
consecutive
adj
[usually before noun] following one after another in a series, without interruption:连续不断的
adj
done very often, or existing in many places, and therefore not unusual:平凡的，老生常谈的
avid
adj
[usually before noun] very enthusiastic about sth (often a hobby) SYN keen:急切的，渴望的
numerous
adj
(formal) existing in large numbers SYN many:无数的
increasingly
adv
more and more all the time:逐渐地；逐增地
alarm
vt
to make sb anxious or afraid SYN worry:使担心,使害怕
poisonous
adj
1.causing death or illness if swallowed or absorbed into the body SYN toxic:
agency
n
a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other businesses or organizations:机构；代理处

Unit12 Text AImportance重要性urgency n.紧急，催促urgent a.紧急的，急迫的clarificatin n.澄清，阐明 clarify v.澄清，讲清楚，阐明proximate a.最近的，近似的trivia n.琐事，不重要的事 trivial a.微不足道的，没有价值的excessive a.过多的，过度的，极端的anticipate vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先v.预订, 预见, 可以预料enlarge v.扩大，增大shrink v.收缩, (使)皱缩, 缩短deception n.欺骗, 诡计illusion n.幻想，幻影，错觉recreational a.消遣的，娱乐的re-creation n.再创造valuable a.有很大价值的，贵重的，很有用的deterioration n.变坏, 退化, 堕落differentiate v.区别, 区分positive a.积极的，肯定的，建设性的identify v.确认，识别act on 对···起作用，影响e.g. Antibiotics act on the bacteria that cause the disease.fall into 可分作The agreement falls on two distinct sections.objective n.目标, 目的, [语法]宾格adj.客观的, [语法]宾格的e.g.The main objective of this policy is to reduce unemployment.prevent v.防止, 预防prevent sb. (sth.) from doing sth ，from在主动句中可省略，在被动句中一般不省。

focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距vi.聚焦, 注视vt.使集中在焦点上, 定焦点, 调焦, 集中focus on e’s eye on 凝视e.g. Modern medicine has tended to focus too much on developing highly complicated surgical techniques.identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定e.g. It’s a mistake to identify art with life.abundance n.丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕Many important things that contribute to our overall objectives and give meaning to life don't tend to act upon us or press us．很多重要事情有助于实现我们的总目标，使生活有意义，但是它们不作用于我们. They're not ''urgent"，but they are the things that we must act upon．它们并不紧迫，但它们却是我们必须做的事情。

22. I was going to　gamble on their inspection ending there， before they dug deeper to my diaries.—— The success of my plan would depend on their stopping the inspection when they saw the stamped broadcast scripts and not going further to find what was beneath the scripts. But this was a great risk to take.我要把宝押在他们的检查到此为⽌上，⽽不再往下翻到我的⽇记。

gamble on sth./ doing sth.：希望成功⽽冒着失败的危险做……，压赌注 eg：　You shouldn't gamble on one exams. 你不应该把命运压在⼀次考试上。

eg：　He called for another vote， gambling on getting more support. 他要求再举⾏⼀次投票，冒着失败的危险寻求更多⼈的⽀持。

eg： You shouldn't gamble on the supply of spare parts arriving promptly. 你可不能把赌注全押在零件能⽴即到位这⼀点上。

在这个句型中，gamble后⾯的动名词表⽰的是主语的⾏为（如getting more support），如果不是就需要在动名词的前⾯加上⼀个名词短语作其逻辑主语， 如their inspection和 the supply of spare parts.它们的⾏为分别是 ending和 arriving. 23. The feared Gestapo， I knew， was really not very　efficient. It was true that the Gestapo were much feared. But they were not as competent as they were thought to be.我知道那些令⼈畏惧的盖世太保并⾮真的很能⼲。

12-A. How Dictionaries Are Made
It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings mainly from teachers and grammarians, and that dictionaries and grammars are the supreme authority in matters of meaning and usage. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. I once got into a dispute with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary.or? I am English. I was born and brought up in England, The way I speak is English.” Such self-assurance about one’s own language is fairly common among the English. In the United States, however, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as either eccentric or mad.
让我们看看词典是怎样编写和编辑们怎样得出词的定义的。下面所说的内容只适用于那些进行第一手创造性研究的词典编辑室，不适用于那些单纯抄袭现有词典的编辑室。词典的编写是从阅读拟编词典要涵盖的时期或主题的大量文献开始的，编辑们一边阅读，一边在卡片上记下每个引起兴趣的词或不常见的词，常用词的不寻常的或特殊的出现情况，大量的常用词的通常用法以及每个词出现的句子。

增加花费在该部分的时间会提高我们做事的能力。
Ignoring this part feeds and enlarges Part I，creating stress and deeper crises for us．
忽视该部分就会扩大第1部分的范围，增加压力和深层危机。
On the other hand， investing in this part shrinks Part I．另外，加在该部分投入的时间会缩小第1部分。
我们建议你看一下时间管理分类表，回顾一周来的生活。
If you were to place each of your last week's activities in one of these parts，where would you say you spent most of your time?
为了更有效地把精力集中在紧急和重要的事情上，我们来看下面的时间管理分类表。
As you can see it divides our activities into four parts． We spend time in one of these four ways：
该表将人的活动分为四部分，我们以其中任何一种方式度日。
接待一位怒气冲冲的顾客、在截止期限内完成任务、抢修一台坏了的机器、接受心脏手术、帮助一位因受伤而号啕大哭的孩子，这些都归于此类。
We need to spend time in Part I．我们应该在这类事情上花一些时间。
If we ignore it， we become buried alive．
第1I部分包括"重要但不紧迫"的事情，又被称为质量部分。

We want to nurture the project, not destroy it. 我们要支持这个新工程，不要破坏它。
The human learns partly by nature, partly by nurture. 人的学习能力部分是先天的，部分是后天培育的。
• nature and nurture 先天与后天，遗传与环境；先天 遗传说和后天培养说
2. worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；有趣的；值得花时间（或 花钱、努力等）的
e.g.: He wanted to do a worthwhile job. 他想找一个值得做的工作。 It is worthwhile to buy the book. 这本书值得买。 衍生 worth adj. having a certain value 有某种价值 e.g.: Our house is worth about 60000 pounds. 我们的房子约值 60000英镑。 worthy adj. deserving sth. or to do sth. 应得某事物；值得做某事 ~ of sth./to do sth. e.g.: Their efforts are worthy of your support.他们这样努力应得到 你的支持。 He is worthy to receive such honor.他应该得到这种荣誉。
• 12. awareness n. knowing something；knowing that something exists and is important 知道；认识；意识 e.g.: environmental/political/social awareness. Health officials have tried to raise people's awareness about AIDS.

00015英语二课文精讲讲义（12）Unit 12 A Break from Life人们经常说：会休息的人才会工作。

你会从紧张的工作学习中“偷得浮生半日闲”吗？Text A :Feeling Free(感受自由)短文共10个段落，领读课文和单词！一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习1.cranky: adj 脾气坏的如：His mother has been cranky recently.2.resemble: v看起来像；resemblance: n如：1). The movie bears little resemblance to the original novel, especially the plot development.2). She may resemble her father facially, but in other respects she's not at all like him.3.subside: v平息，减弱；如：She waited nervously for his anger to subside.4.ache: v/n疼痛；如：It makes one's heart ache to see such waste.同义词辨析：ache, painache 主要指肉体局部持续的疼痛或隐痛；而 pain的应用范围则较广，可指轻微的痛或剧烈的痛，可指局部的痛或全身的痛，可指持续的痛或突发的痛等。

如：The ache in his back lasted for two days. 他的背痛了两天。

The boy cried with pain. 这男孩痛得哭了起来由于ache 通常用于指局部的持续性疼痛，所以它经常与某些表示身体部位的词构成合成词，表示身体的某处疼痛(此时通常不用pain)。

如：headache (头痛)，toothache (牙痛)，stomachache (胃痛)，earache (耳痛)，backache (背痛)，等等。