2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义unit11

自考英语(二)课文翻译Unit One What Is a Decision ?何为决策 ?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。

作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。

作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。

Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。

自考综合英语（二）下册详解第十一课上1. ……and found Trevor sitting by himself in the smoking room drinking.sitting现在分词，作宾语补足语Smoking room：（俱乐部内）为吸烟的成员所设饮酒、谈话的场所。

eg：此处drinking是现在分词，作状语表示伴随，修饰sitting……。

在英语里drink后面如果不跟任何表示饲料的名词，则表示饮酒，试比较下列例句drink的意思：eg：——Would you like some sherry？您想喝点雪利酒吗？eg：——No thanks. I don’t drink.谢谢，我不喝酒。

eg：Xiao Han neither smokes nor drinks.小韩既不抽烟，也不喝酒。

eg：He drinks too much.他饮酒太多。

eg：He was so thirsty that he drank two bottles of mineral water.他太渴了，喝了两瓶矿泉水。

2.“Well ，Alan，did you finish the picture all right？” “艾伦，你的画画完了吗？”all right：in a satisfactory manner；satisfactorily（副词）以满意的方式；（形容词）令人满意的eg：Are you getting along all right with your college friends？你和大学里的伴侣关系还行吗？eg：I think her performance is quite all right.我觉得她的表演相当令人满意。

All right在不同的场合用不同的语调表达不同的意思，学生要按照上下文确定其意思。

3.“I shall .probably find him waitingfor me when I go home，but，of course，you are only joking.”我回到家没准会看到他在等我呢。

Unit 7 Inner VoiceI. New words and expressionsNew words1. inner adj. 内心的；隐藏的2. precisely adv. 准确地；恰好地preciseprecision联想：accurate, accuracy比较：simply, possibly, subtly, truly / definitely, rarely, fortunately, likely / luckily, heavily3. bombard v. 大肆抨击；连珠炮似地质问；提供过多信息，4. dreaded adj. 令人害怕的；可怕的5. small talk n. 寒喧；闲谈；聊天6. hesitation n. 犹豫hesitatehesitanthesitancy / hesitation7. wonder v. 想知道；想弄明白；琢磨n. 奇迹wonder wh-…do / work wonders / miracles8. prompt v. 促使；导致；激起9. complete adj. （用以强调）完全的，彻底的10. upset adj. 难过的；不高兴的；沮丧的11. roll v. （使）翻滚，滚动12. despite prep. 即使；尽管despite / in spite of that fact that …13. feeble adj. 无效的；无力的14. attempt n./ v. 企图；试图；尝试attempted15. wipe v.（用布、手等）擦干净，抹掉16. profusely adv. 大量地；连连地17. address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；致函18. receptionist n. 接待员19. attach v. 把…固定，把…附（在…上）attach …to…attached 依恋的；附加的；附属的attachment 依恋；附件20. emotion n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪emotionalemotionless21. contain v. 控制，克制，抑制（感情）22. apparently adv. 据…所知；看来；显然23. overwhelming adj. 巨大的；压倒性的；无法抗拒的overwhelming problemsan overwhelmed person联想：surprised / surprisingexcited / excitingamazed / amazingdisappointed / disappointingfrightened / frighting注意：excited eyes / expressions / looks24. scream v. 高声喊，大声叫Phrases and Expressions1. be lost in one's thought陷入沉思2. break down 失败3. come up with找到（答案等）；想出4. drop…off （顺路）把…放下5. take one's own life自杀6. in desperation 在绝望中；走投无路7. care about sb. 关心；关怀8. take a chance 冒险9. make a difference 有作用；产生影响II. Text LearningYour Inner Voice①(1)My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30. While on the train I would always choose a seat away from the crowd so I can read the newspaper in peace and quiet. (2)At work I am always being bombarded with questions from coworkers, suppliers, telephone and then those dreaded meetings, so the last thing I need is some stranger to sit beside me and make small talk.本部分重点及难点：1. My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years where I get up, make some coffee, shower, get dressed and leave for the train station at precisely 7:35 A.M. to arrive at work by 8:30.(1) where引导定语从句，先行词为days。

Unit 11 Cyber WorldA Famous QuoteThe Internet is becoming the town square for the global village of tomorrow.- Bill GatesBill Gates (1955- ), American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former chief executive officer (CEO) and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen.Text A Cyber LovePre-reading Questions:1. Have you ever made a friend on the Internet? How did you develop yourfriendship?2. What suggestions can you give if one hopes to make friends on the Internet?Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they’ve talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling head over heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and M artijin have been living together happily ever since. They’ve created a home page to let the world know how they’ve found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who’ve met under similar circumstances.Throughout history men and women have used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others it is a natural way for the 90’s to meet potential mates.Romances formed on the Internet follow a characteristic script. The development of emotional intimacy is a long progress, sometimes taking several months. “Love at first byte” is rare although there are examples. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open, an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verse and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist? When you reachfor the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail –there’s just no way to escape the fact – love has arrived.How does a cyber romance vary from a real life romance? Perhaps one significant difference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes, on the Internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. In essence, the sequence is reversed –first we show our inner beauty and only after it has won victory does the veil fall off the physical vehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.It is a popular topic in cyberspace to debate whether or not true love can develop merely on an intellectual level, without physical attraction or the familiarity of the other’s appearance. To put in another way: Does the physical appearance of the man or woman play a part in the relationship if, through the exchange of thoughts and feelings, they already fell in love?Many say it is against the nature of love to be deprived of the sense of sight, the look, the movement, and body language being present. There are those, of course, who favor Internet relationship claiming that the intensity of the emotional relationship that develops in such a way is superior to the mere stirring of the flesh.Whatever the opinion may be on cyber love, it must be said in favor of the Internet that it puts people in touch with those who they otherwise would never have met. I would never have suspected that the first person I met by e-mail would be a German chimney sweeper, with whom, after a year of correspondence, albeit not romantic, a common interest still exists.It is silly to perceive the Net as a demon, when we determine how we meet its challenges. While there are those who can use the Net to their advantage extracting useful information, there are those who become addicts losing common sense, hopping from chat room to chat room, writing piles of e-mails full of lies to chosen victims, and whose virtual reality, the flirtation, become part of their everyday lives, as if a disease. One thing is true – the net is very addictive. According to the confession of a multiple substance addict, it was easier to give up cocaine than the IRC.In any case, keep your eyes open off-line as well. Turn off the machine and go to a dance or a club, because most woman still expect to be courted in a real, old-fashioned, and romantic way.Text B The Impact of the Internet on SocietyPre-reading Questions:1. Can you imagine what your life would be like without the Internet?2. What do you think is the impact of the Internet on society?The Internet has had a profound effect on society over the last two decades. Although it began as a government operation, over time this innovative technology eventually evolve into a public novelty. Looking at society today, one may find that the situation has certainly evolved. For many, the Internet has become an essential for daily living, no longer the fun novelty it was 10 years ago. Even a decade ago if you were to think about whether or not the Internet had a significant impact on society, the answer would likely have been probably not. While the Net may have been considered a neat innovation, it was not like anyone “needed” it.However, over time this perception has changed for many individuals in society. The Internet has become, for the most part, and absolute necessity, either by requirement or by desire. Going online has become as natural as doing other daily tasks people have traditionally done. People take it for granted that the Internet will be available, and dependency on being connected has become the norm. Both business and individuals alike depend upon the routine availability of the Internet. Due to the fact that many business, government agencies ant other organizations have navigated to the online environment, generally people require consistent access, or 24/7 access, if you will.In many ways the Internet has had a very positive effect on society. It has improved communication, simplified handling tasks and errands, offered huge convenience, enabled faster processing, and provided more options, all of which have freed more time to do other things.Yet, interestingly enough the Internet has, in some ways, had negative effects. The quality of communication has declined; people are impatient because they have become accustomed to instant gratification, and using the Internet also takes up a lot of time. As website such as Facebook and other socially based interactions increase in usage, many hours a day are consumed as people keep up with their various networks, taking away from other activities.When looking at it from the latter perspective, one may wonder whether or not the Internet has truly benefited society. Realistically, as with anything else, the Internet has its pros and cons. Tools such as e-mail and instant messaging have become the standard; social networks are quickly evolving into the next level of communication, and people enjoy their constant access. In this respect the benefits of the Internet are tremendous. This is not only evidenced by the many activities people engage in when they connect to the Internet, but also bythe continuous progression and development of mobile devices such as smart-phones.Society has evolved to the point where people expect and rely on reality available information. People also expect to receive rapid responses when doing business ad personal tasks. The Internet makes this possible. Many of the things that society takes for granted nowadays are all made possible by the development of the Internet.What kind of an impact has the Internet had on society? Wrapped up in the advantages and disadvantages one thing is for certain: the Internet has a significant effect on society. To imagine the impact all one has to do is try to envision the consequences if the Internet was suddenly removed from society. Imagine a world where the Internet was unavailable. How would it affect on you? Looking at it from this respect, for many it likely brings to light just how reliant and dependent society has become on the Internet and it would be extremely hard to turn back the clock.。

18. …he　burst into a roar of laughter. 他放声⼤笑起来。

burst into：（突然）放声（⼤笑、⾼唱、痛哭） eg ： He burst into tears when he heard the news. 听到那消息后，他放声⼤哭。

eg ： As soon as Mr. Adams entered， his Chinese colleagues burst into singing：“Happy birthday to you！” 亚当斯先⽣⼀进来，他的中国同事就⾼唱起来：“祝你⽣⽇快乐！” eg ： He burst into tears. 他突然哭了。

eg ： He burst into running. 他突然拔腿就跑。

19. “……you'll never see it again. His business　is with other men’s money.”—— He invests other men's. （Most likely he is a broker-a person who buys and sells things， for example， shares in a business， for other people. Maybe he is a banker or he runs an investment company， or that sort of thing.） .你的那⼀英镑是拿不回来了，他做的是别⼈的钱的⽣意。

（前⼀句话是开开玩笑，后⼀句指他是银⾏家或是经营投资公司。

） business　⽣意，商业 bushiness school商学院 business hours营业时间 go into business从事商业，下海经商 20.“I think you ought to have toldme， Alan，” said Hughie in a bad temper， “and have let me make such a fool of myself” “艾伦，你为什么不早告诉我？”休吉⽣⽓地说。