英语句子成分及结构专题

英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。

不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构：联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become 成为，turn变成,go变。

其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。

表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。

可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。

感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻>> There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。

这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。

此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。

）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。

二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。

专题2句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

除了这七种主要成分之外，还有同位语和独立成分的说法。

其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。

接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种句子结构的基础。

2.五种基本句型结构如下：①S V(主＋谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。

②S V O(主＋谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。

③S V IO DO(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。

④S V O OC(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。

⑤S V P(主＋系＋表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。

注：主语(Subject)谓语(Predicate)宾语(Object)定语(Attribute)状语(Adverbial)补语(Complement)表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。

Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词，作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。

英语句子成分结构详解定语| 状语| 宾语| 补语| 同位语| 独立成分| 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析：>>主谓宾结构：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy）,主格代词（如you）,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语：谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如：We come.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如：me,him,them等例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen. >>主系表结构：主语：同‘主谓宾’结构.联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become 成为,turn变成,go变.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语.表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy >> There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.此结构后跟名词,表示‘（存在）有某事物’试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩.）/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示.定语通常位于被修饰的成分前.若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后.副词用作定语时须放在名词之后.形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔.Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩.There is a good boy./有个乖男孩.数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔.The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生.There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩.代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔.His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆.There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩.介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔.The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩.名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔.It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔.副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔.The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom.不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔.The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆.There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做.分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔. The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的.There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩.定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔.The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆.There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个.三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等.状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前.有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语）,也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语）,最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\'副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔.（程度状语）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔.（宾语较长则状语前置）The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔.（程度状语）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔.（时间状语）介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔.（地点状语）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔.（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔.（原因状语）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿.（原因状语）不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业.（目的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路!（方向状语）状语从句：时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句条件状语从句四、直接宾语和间接宾语：>>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如：give给,pass递,bring带,show显示.这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语；一个指物,为直接宾语.间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前.一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语.如：Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语.如：Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+ to + 间接宾语.如：Bring it to me,please.五、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分.宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语.名词/代词宾格+ 名词The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+ 形容词New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格+ 分词I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.六、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语.如：We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’）七、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构).感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等.肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语.插入语：一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等.如: The story,Ithink,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等.八、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构. 例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或(2)If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.如：Game (being) over,he went home.He stands there,book (being) in hand.独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语.这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等.如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了.The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜.（注意,此句on his nose不可省略!）。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。

vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t（助动词）know!H e is（系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。

一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence)英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。

但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。

同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。

1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。

例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语）画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式：①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.②We often speak English in class.③One-third of the students in this class are girls.④To swim in the river is a great pleasure.⑤Smoking does harm to the health.⑥The rich should help the poor.⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language.⑨That he isn’t at home is not true.正确运用主语的各种形式2.谓语：谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，一般放在主语之后。

中考英语句子成分及句子结构和练习每个句子里的词与词之间都有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的成分。

在初中英语中,句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语七种。

A)句子成分框架图：1.主语功能与位置由……充当例句主语是一个句子的主体，表示所说的是谁或是什么。

主语一般放在句首，有时在特殊句型中主语放在句中或句末。

名词或名词短语Some students don't like doing homework.一些学生不喜欢做家庭作业。

代词He is a doctor.他是一名医生。

数词Three and five is eight.三加五等于八。

the ＋形容词/过去分词The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。

动词不定式To see is to believe.眼见为实。

动名词Eating more vegetables is good for your health.多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。

从句What he said is not true.他说的不是实话。

(一)用横线画出下列句中主语的中心词。

1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.2.There is an old man coming here.3.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.4.To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2.谓语功能与位置由……充当例句谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，常位于主语之后，有人称、时态、语态、数的变化。

动词She practises playing the piano everyday.她每天练习弹钢琴。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构5种1、主语+谓语s+v2、主语+系动词+表语s+l+p3、主语+谓语+宾语s+v+o4、主语+谓语+间接宾语指人+直接宾语指物s+v+io+do5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语s+v+o+c二、句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.一指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面; We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. Seventy-four You don’t look it.Five and five is ten. He is asleep.His father is in. The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.The question is whether they will come.常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来, taste尝、吃起来, remain保持,仍是, feel感觉……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. He hates you.How many do you need We need two. I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.四挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.We will make them happy. We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do.六挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me。

英语句子结构详细讲解一．句子成分分析1．主语（subject）句子的主体，全句述说的对象。

一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，从句担任,常置于句首。

（名词）（主格代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（主语从句）2. 谓语（predicate）对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.（动词）（动词短语）(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成（情态动词+动词原形）She （助动词do+动词原形）（助动词has+动词原形）补充：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。

被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

最常用的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)②由系动词加表语构成（即主系表结构）（状态系动词be+表语）（表象系动词look+表语）补充：系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词。

有些不具词义；有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

1．状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

）2．持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

句子成分分析句子成分划分巧计主在前，谓在中，宾语状语后面冲。

短语定语住宾后，形代定语住宾前。

间宾直宾紧相连，直间之间to, for 连。

宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。

一，主语：是一个句子的主体，一般放在谓语之前，是动作的实施者。

主语由名词，代词，数词，不定式，动词-ing形式或从句充当。

1.Mary is a good student.(名词)2.Unity is strength. ( 名词)3.He enjoys walking in the fields. （代词）4.Four plus six is ten.（数词）5.To work hard is important.（不定式短语）6.It is my job to teach them English. （不定式短语是真正的主语，it 为形式主语）7.Smoking is bad for health. （动词-ing形式作主语）8.When we shall go back has not been decided yet. （从句作主语，即主语从句）二，谓语：用来说明主语的动作或状态，表明主语是什么，做什么，或怎么样。

谓语由动词担当，可由各种时态的动词表示1.Great hopes make great men. （动词）2.She looked after him two years ago.（动词词组）3.I shall answer your question after class.（助动词＋动词）4.She can speak English very well. （情态动词＋动词）5.The dictionary is mine.（连系动词＋表语）6.She looks happy. （连系动词＋表语）三，宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者，由名词，代词，不定式，相当于名词的词或从句充当充当,一般放在及物动词或介词的后面。