(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）predicate）：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

He is asleep.predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有：be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Give the poor man some money.We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名）We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home.介词短语）Don’t let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带to不定式）（现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.Ai Y anling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend.（代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., adv., or句子。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语❖She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语❖She gave John a book．❖She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语❖She makes her mother angry．❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖（There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代❖we-- saw --you.❖we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词❖you are beautiful❖you seems worried.❖you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

❖如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

❖如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

❖如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语（Subject）：句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。

例句：Tom is reading a book.（主语是Tom）2. 谓语（Predicate）：句子中所陈述的动作或状态。

例句：I am studying English. （谓语是am studying）3. 宾语（Object）：句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。

例句：She bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4. 定语（Adjective）：修饰名词或代词的词或词组。

例句：I saw a black cat.（定语是black）5. 状语（Adverb）：修饰动词、形容词、副词，可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。

例句：She sings beautifully.（状语是beautifully）例句：I am a student.（补语是a student）英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类：1. 简单句（Simple Sentence）：包含一个主语和一个谓语。

例句：She sings.（主语+谓语）例句：I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.（独立子句+连接词+独立子句）3. 并列句（Coordinative Sentence）：用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。

例句：I am tired, so I'm going to bed.（分句+连词+分句）例句：She invited me to a party, which made me happy.（主句+从句）总结起来，英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。

通过对各个成分的认识和使用，可以更准确地表达自己的意思。

而了解不同的句子结构，可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子，提高语言表达的能力。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法微观遣词；句法宏观造句01词法微观遣词1. 实词：有实际意义的词;名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为,动态;vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量基数词,表顺序序数词2. 虚词：没有实际意义的词;介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法宏观造句1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句：名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1. 词性决定词用2. 同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3. 动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4. 举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属；认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群;语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体：定语,状语,补语,同位语主语：一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象;常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首;The sun名词n. rises in the east.W e代词pron. are friendsT wenty years数词num. is a short time in history.S eeing动名词 is believingT o be a teacher不定式is my dreamW hat he needs 句子is a book 主语从句I t 形式主语is time to go home真正的主语形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study实意动词 EnglishI can情态动词do itI don’t助动词knowH e is系动词asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后;I play with him代词I like china名词H ow many do you need ——we need two数词I enjoy working with you动名词I hope to see you again不定式D id you write down what he said句子U nder the snow介宾短语,there are many rocks.H e gave me间接宾语a book直接宾语 yesterday表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态,一般由名词或者形容词担任;凡是系动词be 动词,感官动词等出现的地方,后面必定带着表语He is a teacher名词Seventy-four you don’t look it代词F ive and five is ten数词H e is asleep形容词T his picture is on the wall介词短语M y watch is missing/lost 形容词化的分词T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”不定式T he question is whether they will come句子语法精讲3定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任,形容词放在名词前面;相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面;H e is a clever boyT his is an apple treeT here are ten students in our classS he is Tom’s sisterH e bought some sleeping pillsT he girl in red is his sisterW e have a lot of work to doT he girl standing under the tree is his daughterD o you know the man who spoke just now.状语：用来说明动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子的成分;常由副词担任;修饰动词可放动词前,也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面;动词的八个状态：时间,地点,原因,状态,目的,结果,方式,程度T he students study hardI often write to himH e wrote with a red pencilH e went to see a filmT he students went away laughingI’ll write to you as soon as I get there .补语：表示补充说明,总是跟着宾语跑I found a book lying on the floor.D o you smell something burningS he asked me to go with her.独立成分：同位语,感叹语B ruce,my English teacher,is a cool man That’s great语法精讲4简单句的5种基本结构通过一个爱情故事掌握5种简单句;1, 主语+谓语：She comes.2, 主语+系动词+表语She is lovely.3, 主语+谓语+宾语I love her.4, 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾I gave her a rose.5, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补I made her happy. 2三大句子结构类型1, 简单句F rank and Eric are good friends.I make and have breakfast.2, 并列句I like English, but I don’t like math.I hate grammar,while he loves it.3, 复合句W hat she does is not good.T he man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle.W hen you finish the work,you may go out to play with Sam.语法精讲5简单句T hat is what I want to tell you. 表语从句I t’s a question how he did it. 同位语从句T he man whom you talk with is my friend. 定语从句I f I am free,I will go shopping . 条件状语从句四种句子类型：01陈述句肯定,否定H e is six years old.S he doesn’t like English.02疑问句一般,特殊,选择,反义D o you like swimming ↑一般疑问句W hat are you doing ↓特殊疑问代词+一般疑问句=特殊疑问句I s this a pen ↑or a pencil ↓选择疑问句S he likes dancing↓,doesn’t she ↑反义疑问句;前肯后否或者前否后肯03祈使句：命令,要求,请求;一般会略去主语,动词开头B e careful , boysD on’t speak in class04感叹句：how/what 开头H ow clever the boy isW hat a nice day it is。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。

vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！I can（情态动词）do it!I don’t（助动词）know!H e is（系动词）asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语句子是我们学习英语时需要重点掌握的一部分。

了解句子的基本成分和结构对我们正确理解和使用英语句子非常重要。

在本文中，我将详细介绍英语句子中的成分和结构。

一、英语句子的基本成分英语句子由不同的成分组成，每个成分在句子中扮演不同的角色。

以下是英语句子中常见的成分：1. 主语（Subject）：主语是句子中动作的执行者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。

一般来说，主语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。

例如："John is a student."（约翰是一名学生。

）中的"John"就是主语。

2. 谓语（Predicate）：谓语是句子中主语所表达的动作、状态或者关系。

通常，谓语是一个动词或者动词短语。

例如："She is reading a book."（她在读一本书。

）中的"is reading"就是谓语。

3. 宾语（Object）：宾语是句子中动作的承受者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。

宾语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。

例如："He bought a car."（他买了一辆车。

）中的"a car"就是宾语。

4. 定语（Adjective）：定语是修饰名词或代词的成分。

定语通常位于名词或代词之前，用来进一步描述或限定名词或代词的特征。

例如："The red apple tastes sweet."（那个红苹果尝起来很甜。

）中的"red"就是定语。

5. 状语（Adverb）：状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或者其他语法单位的成分。

状语通常用来表达时间、地点、方式、原因、程度等信息。

例如："They ran quickly to the park."（他们快速地跑到了公园。

）中的"quickly"就是状语。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构5种1、主语+谓语s+v2、主语+系动词+表语s+l+p3、主语+谓语+宾语s+v+o4、主语+谓语+间接宾语指人+直接宾语指物s+v+io+do5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语s+v+o+c二、句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.一指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面; We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. Seventy-four You don’t look it.Five and five is ten. He is asleep.His father is in. The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.The question is whether they will come.常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来, taste尝、吃起来, remain保持,仍是, feel感觉……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. He hates you.How many do you need We need two. I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.四挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.We will make them happy. We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do.六挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me。

英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句）01词法（微观遣词）1.?实词：有实际意义的词。

名词n.：表事物名称动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。

vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语形容词adj.：?修饰n.副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.：代替n.数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词）2.?虚词：没有实际意义的词。

介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.：在n.前，限定n.感叹词int.：表达感叹02句法（宏观造句）1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句二、语法四大原则1.?词性决定词用2.?同类同用同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致3.?动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.?举一反三由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。

语法精讲2句子的成分主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。

常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。

The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing（动名词） is believingT o be a teacher?(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs?(句子)is a book ???主语从句I t?（形式主语）is time?to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)?English！?I?can（情态动词）?do?it!?I?don’t（助动词）?know!?H e?is（系动词）?asleep.宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。

英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如I ,we, he, she, they ），数词、动词不定式，动名词等。

最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。

主语一般在句首。

(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。

The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。

(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。

(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。

It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。

(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语：谓语由动词构成，谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上，一般在主语之后。

（1）及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。

（2）不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。

The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。

（3）连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。

The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。

(4) 复合谓语：①由情态动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。